Fair Value

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fair Value

The following table summarizes, by major security type, the Company's assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and placement within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):



	As of December 31, 2019
	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Restricted cash	$	1,400	$	1,400	$	—	$	—
Money market funds	1,050		1,050		—		—
Fixed maturities:
Foreign deposits	3,323		3,323		—		—
Municipal bond	1,000		—		1,000		—
Investment in variable interest entity	7,625		—		—		7,625
Total	$	14,398	$	5,773	$	1,000	$	7,625

	As of December 31, 2018
	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Restricted cash	$	1,400	$	1,400	$	—	$	—
Money market funds	2,010		2,010		—		—
Fixed maturities:
Foreign deposits	2,573		2,573		—		—
Municipal bond	981		—		981		—
Investment in variable interest entity	3,000		—		—		3,000
Total	$	9,964	$	5,983	$	981	$	3,000

The Company measures the fair value of restricted cash, money market funds, and foreign deposits based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The fair value of the municipal bond is based on either recent trades in inactive markets or quoted market prices of similar instruments and other significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. Short-term investments are carried at amortized cost and the fair value is disclosed in Note 5, Investments. The fair value of these investments is determined in the same manner as for available-for-sale securities and is considered a Level 1 measurement.

The Company purchased $4.0 million and $3.0 million in preferred stock in the variable interest entity for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The preferred stock investment is accounted for as an available-for-sale debt security, and measured at fair value at each balance sheet date. The estimated fair value of the preferred stock investment is a Level 3 measurement, and is based on certain unobservable inputs such as the value of the underlying enterprise, volatility, time to liquidity, and market interest rates. An increase or decrease in any of these unobservable inputs would result in a change in the fair value measurement. Fair value was $7.6 million and $3.0 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company recognized a $0.6 million unrealized gain in other comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Fair Value Disclosures

The Company's other long-term assets balance included notes receivable of $6.1 million and $3.0 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, recorded at their estimated collectible amount. The Company estimates that the carrying value of the notes receivable approximates the fair value. The estimated fair value represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy, and is based on market interest rates and the assessed creditworthiness of the third party.

The Company estimates the fair value of long-term debt based upon rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. This is a Level 3 measurement. Based upon the terms of the debt, the carrying amount of long-term debt approximated fair value at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers between levels for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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