Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of components of income loss before income taxes

The components of income (loss) before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

	2019		2020		2021
U.S.	$	14,981	$	(11,216)	$	(93,117)
Foreign		(864)		(4)		(919)
Total income (loss) before income taxes	$	14,117	$	(11,220)	$	(94,036)

Schedule of provision for income taxes

The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 consists of the following (in thousands):

	2019		2020		2021
Current:
State	$	116	$	80	$	54
Foreign		4		109		(4)
Total current		120		189		50
Deferred:
Federal		293		48		18
State		445		72		51
Total deferred		738		120		69
Total expense	$	858	$	309	$	119

Schedule of reconciliation of federal income tax rate to the actual effective tax rate

Income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 computed using the federal income tax rate of 21% as of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 consists of the following (in thousands):

	2019		2020		2021
Computed expected tax (benefit)	$	2,964	$	(2,356)	$	(19,747)
Nondeductible expenses		3,087		2,775		617
Tax rate differential on foreign earnings		245		(144)		189
Joint ventures		3,745		(5,059)		(2)
Amazon warrants		—		—		3,707
Tax credits		(10,314)		(4,037)		(5,299)
Other		665		1,559		1,463
Change in valuation allowance		466		7,571		19,191
Total tax expense	$	858	$	309	$	119

Schedule of tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities

The tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

	2020		2021
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued expenses	$	4,940	$	5,379
Lease obligations		6,938		11,388
Alternative minimum tax and general business credits		6,233		6,787
Stock option expense		6,648		7,214
Amazon warrants		—		16,026
Other		1,545		3,167
Depreciation and amortization		1,635		2,582
Loss carryforwards		119,708		128,514
Total deferred tax assets		147,647		181,057
Less valuation allowance		(134,974)		(162,018)
Net deferred tax assets		12,673		19,039
Deferred tax liabilities:
Right-of-use assets		(6,788)		(11,266)
Commodity swap contracts		(1,596)		(649)
Goodwill		(2,221)		(2,534)
Investments in joint ventures and partnerships		(2,926)		(5,517)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(13,531)		(19,966)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(858)	$	(927)

Schedule of reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits

The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 (in thousands):

Unrecognized tax benefit—December 31, 2019	$	41,475
Gross increases—tax positions in current year		2,954
Gross increases—tax positions in prior year		870
Unrecognized tax benefit—December 31, 2020		45,299
Gross increases—tax positions in current year		3,508
Gross increases—tax positions in prior year		2,142
Gross decreases—tax positions in prior year		(364)
Unrecognized tax benefit—December 31, 2021	$	50,585