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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss and cash flows in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

The prior period amounts of the current portion of finance lease obligations, $0.7 million, and the long-term portion of finance lease obligations, $3.8 million, have been reclassified to be presented separately in the consolidated balance sheets to conform to the current period presentation. Deferred income taxes of $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 have been reclassified to be presented separately in the consolidated statements of cash flows to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows as previously reported.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and these notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and may result in material effects on the Company’s operating results and financial position. Significant estimates made in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements include (but are not limited to) those related to revenue recognition, fair value measurements, goodwill and long-lived asset valuations and impairment assessments, income tax valuations and stock-based compensation expense.

Inventory

Inventory

Inventory consists of raw materials and spare parts, work in process and finished goods and is stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. The Company evaluates inventory balances for excess quantities and obsolescence by analyzing estimated demand, inventory on hand, sales levels and other information and reduces inventory balances to net realizable value for excess and obsolete inventory based on this analysis.

Inventories consisted of the following as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2018

 

2019

Raw materials and spare parts

 

$

34,890

 

$

29,874

Finished goods

 

 

85

 

 

 —

Total inventory

 

$

34,975

 

$

29,874

 

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

In connection with the Company’s Zero Now truck financing program, the Company entered into commodity swap contracts in October 2018 intended to manage risks related to the diesel-to-natural gas price spread in connection with the natural gas fuel supply commitments the Company expects to make in its anticipated fueling agreements with fleet operators that participate in the Zero Now program. The Company has not designated any derivative instruments as hedges for accounting purposes and does not enter into such instruments for speculative trading purposes. These derivative instruments are recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are measured as either an asset or liability at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. See Note 8 for more information.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization are recognized over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives of depreciable assets are three to twenty years for LNG liquefaction plant assets, up to ten years for station equipment and LNG trailers, and three to seven years for all other depreciable assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or related lease terms. Periodically, the Company receives grant funding to assist in the financing of natural gas fueling station construction. The Company records the grant proceeds as a reduction of the cost of the respective asset. Total grant proceeds received were approximately $4.4 million, $0.7 million, and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets, including property and equipment and intangible assets with finite useful lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Events that could result in an impairment review include, among others, a significant decrease in the operating performance of a long-lived asset or asset group or the decision to close a fueling station. Impairment testing involves a comparison of the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows of the asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows exceeds the carrying amount, then no impairment exists. If the carrying amount exceeds the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows, then a second step is performed to determine the amount of impairment, if any, to be recognized. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. The fair value of the asset or asset group is based on estimated discounted future cash flows of the asset or asset group using a discount rate commensurate with the related risk. The estimate of future cash flows requires management to make assumptions and to apply judgment, including forecasting future sales and expenses and estimating useful lives of the assets. These estimates can be affected by a number of factors, including, among others, future results, demand, and economic conditions, many of which can be difficult to predict.

There were no impairments of the Company’s long-lived assets in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019. In the third quarter of the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded asset impairment charges of $32.3 million related to its then-subsidiary, IMW Industries Ltd. (“IMW”) (formerly known as Clean Energy Compression Corp.) (“CEC”) and $20.4 million related to certain station closures (see Note 3 for more information).

Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Amortization

Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets with finite useful lives are from one to eight years for customer relationships, one to ten years for acquired contracts, two to ten years for trademarks and trade names, and three years for non-compete agreements.

The Company’s intangible assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

2018

    

2019

Customer relationships

 

$

5,376

 

$

5,376

Acquired contracts

 

 

4,384

 

 

4,384

Trademark and trade names

 

 

2,700

 

 

2,700

Non-compete agreements

 

 

860

 

 

860

Total intangible assets

 

 

13,320

 

 

13,320

Less accumulated amortization

 

 

(11,113)

 

 

(12,091)

Net intangible assets

 

$

2,207

 

$

1,229

 

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $5.1 million, $1.4 million, and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the two years succeeding the year ended December 31, 2019 is approximately $0.8 million in 2020 and $0.5 million in 2021.

Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of costs incurred over the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. The Company assesses its goodwill using either a qualitative or quantitative approach to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The Company is required to use judgment when applying the goodwill impairment test, including, among other considerations, the identification of reporting unit(s), the assessment of qualitative factors, and the estimation of fair value of a reporting unit in the quantitative approach. The Company determined that it is a single reporting unit for the purpose of goodwill impairment tests. The Company performs the impairment test annually on October 1, or more frequently if facts and circumstances warrant a review.

The qualitative goodwill assessment includes the potential impact on a reporting unit’s fair value of certain events and circumstances, including its enterprise value, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, and other relevant entity-specific events. If it is determined, based upon the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative impairment test is performed.

The quantitative assessment estimates the reporting unit’s fair value based on its enterprise value plus an assumed control premium as evidence of fair value. The estimates used to determine the fair value of the reporting unit may change based on results of operations, macroeconomic conditions, stock price fluctuations, or other factors. Changes in these estimates could materially affect our assessment of the fair value and goodwill impairment for the reporting unit.

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, the Company utilized the quantitative approach and concluded there were no indicators of impairment to goodwill.

During the third quarter of the year ended December 31, 2017, as a result of the asset impairment charges recorded for intangible assets and stations (described previously and in Note 3), the Company determined that sufficient indicators of potential impairment existed to require an interim goodwill test of its one reporting unit prior to the annual test performed in the fourth quarter of 2017. The goodwill test was performed by computing the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing it to the carrying value using a quantitative assessment. Based on the results of the goodwill test, the Company concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount and thus no impairment existed. The annual impairment test was subsequently performed on October 1 using the quantitative assessment and the Company concluded no impairment existed.

The following table summarizes the activity related to the carrying amount of goodwill (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2017

 

$

64,328

Balance as of December 31, 2018

 

$

64,328

Balance as of December 31, 2019

 

$

64,328

 

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

 

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective method and recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying ASC 606 as an adjustment to “Accumulated deficit” as of January 1, 2018. The reported results for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 are presented under ASC 606, while the reported results for periods prior to January 1, 2018 are not adjusted and were prepared in accordance with ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The ASC 606 adoption adjustments are as follows, and relate to significant financing components resulting from an advance payment by a customer of the Company’s subsidiary, NG Advantage LLC (“NG Advantage”) and an extended payment term to a station construction customer (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as of

 

Adjustments

 

Balance as of

 

    

December 31, 2017

    

due to ASC 606

    

January 1, 2018

Notes receivable and other long-term assets, net

 

$

21,397

 

$

(963)

  

$

20,434

Deferred revenue

 

$

3,432

 

$

330

  

$

3,762

Accumulated deficit

 

$

(683,570)

 

$

(1,293)

  

$

(684,863)

 

The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to its customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for the goods or services. In order to achieve that core principle, a five-step approach is applied: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue allocated to each performance obligation when the Company satisfies the performance obligation. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account for revenue recognition.

The Company is generally the principal in its customer contracts because it has control over the goods and services prior to them being transferred to the customer, and as such, revenue is recognized on a gross basis. Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

 

Volume-Related

The Company’s volume-related revenue primarily consists of sales of RNG, CNG and LNG fuel, O&M services and RINs and LCFS Credits in addition to changes in fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments associated with providing natural gas to customers under fueling contracts.

Fuel and O&M services are sold pursuant to contractual commitments over defined goods-and-service delivery periods. These contracts typically include a stand-ready obligation to supply natural gas and/or provide O&M services daily based on a committed and agreed upon routine maintenance schedule or when and if called upon by the customer.

The Company applies the ‘right to invoice’ practical expedient and recognizes fuel and O&M services revenue in the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice. The Company has a right to consideration based on the amount of gasoline gallon equivalents of natural gas dispensed by the customer and current pricing conditions, which are typically billed to the customer on a monthly basis. Since payment terms are less than a year, the Company has elected the practical expedient which allows it to not assess whether a customer contract has a significant financing component.

Contract modifications are not distinct from the existing contract and are typically renewals of fuel and O&M service sales. As a result, these modifications are accounted for as if they were part of the existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price is recognized prospectively.

The Company sells RINs and LCFS Credits to third parties that need the credits to comply with federal and state requirements. Revenue is recognized on these credits when there is an agreement in place to monetize the credits at a determinable price.

The changes in fair value of derivative instruments relate to the Company’s commodity swap and customer fueling contracts. The contracts are measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recorded in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations in the period incurred. The amounts are classified as revenue because the Company’s commodity swap contracts are used to economically offset the risk associated with the diesel-to-natural gas price spread resulting from anticipated customer fueling contracts under the Company’s Zero Now truck financing program. See Note 8 for more information about these derivative instruments. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, changes in the fair value of commodity swaps and customer contracts amounted to a gain of $10.3 million and a loss of $(6.6) million, respectively. No amounts were recognized in 2017 as the inception of these arrangements was October 2018.

Station Construction Sales

Station construction contracts are generally short-term, except for certain larger and more complex stations, which can take up to 24 months to complete. For most of the Company’s station construction contracts, the customer contracts with the Company to provide a significant service of integrating a complex set of tasks and components into a single station. Hence, the entire contract is accounted for as one performance obligation.

The Company recognizes revenue over time as the Company performs under its station construction contracts because of the continual transfer of control of the goods to the customer, who typically controls the work in process. Revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation and is recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Costs to fulfill the Company’s obligations under these contracts typically include labor, materials and subcontractors’ costs, other direct costs and an allocation of indirect costs.

Refinements of estimates to account for changing conditions and new developments are continuous and characteristic of the process. Many factors that can affect contract profitability may change during the performance period of the contract, including differing site conditions, the availability of skilled contract labor, the performance of major suppliers and subcontractors, and unexpected changes in material costs. Because a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of these contracts, the contract price and cost estimates are reviewed periodically as work progresses and adjustments proportionate to the cost-to-cost measure of progress are reflected in contract revenues in the reporting period when such estimates are revised as discussed above. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recorded in the period in which the losses become known.

Contract modifications are typically expansions in scope of an existing station construction project. As a result, these modifications are accounted for as if they were part of the existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and the Company’s measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase or a reduction) on a cumulative catch-up basis.

Under the typical payment terms of the Company’s station construction contracts, the customer makes either performance-based payments (“PBPs”) or progress payments. PBPs are interim payments of the contract price based on quantifiable measures of performance or the achievement of specified events or milestones. Progress payments are interim payments of costs incurred as the work progresses. For some of these contracts, the Company may be entitled to receive an advance payment. The advance payment typically is not considered a significant financing component because it is used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a construction contract and to protect the Company if the customer fails to adequately complete some or all of its obligations under the contract. In addition, the customer retains a small portion of the contract price until completion of the contract. Such retained portion of the contract price is not considered a significant financing component because the intent is to protect the customer.

In certain contracts with its customers, the Company agrees to provide multiple goods or services, including construction of and sale of a station, O&M services, and sale of fuel to the customer. These contracts have multiple performance obligations because the promise to transfer each separate good or service is separately identifiable and is distinct. This evaluation requires significant judgment and the decision to combine a group of contracts or separate the combined or single contract into multiple performance obligations could change the amount of revenue recognized in one or more periods.

The Company allocates the contract price to each performance obligation using best estimates of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate the standalone selling price for fuel and O&M services is observable standalone sales, and the primary method used to estimate the standalone selling price for station construction sales is the expected cost plus a margin approach because the Company sells customized customer-specific solutions. Under this approach, the Company forecasts expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then adds an appropriate margin for the good or service.

 

AFTC

See discussion under “Alternative Fuels Tax Credit” below for more information about AFTC, which is not recognized as revenue until the period the credit is authorized through federal legislation.

Other

The majority of other revenue is from sales of used natural gas heavy-duty trucks purchased by the Company. Revenue on these contracts is recognized at the point in time when the customer accepts delivery of the truck.

Alternative Fuels Tax Credit

Alternative Fuels Tax Credit

Under separate pieces of U.S. federal legislation, the Company has been eligible to receive a federal alternative fuels tax credit (“AFTC”) for its natural gas vehicle fuel sales made between October 1, 2006 and December 31, 2019. The AFTC, which had previously expired on December 31, 2016, was reinstated on February 9, 2018 to apply retroactively to vehicle fuel sales made from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017. On December 20, 2019, AFTC was retroactively extended beginning January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2020. The AFTC credit is equal to $0.50 per gasoline gallon equivalent of CNG that the Company sold as vehicle fuel, and $0.50 per diesel gallon of LNG that the Company sold as vehicle fuel in 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Based on the service relationship with its customers, either the Company or its customer claims the credit. The Company records its AFTC credits, if any, as revenue in its consolidated statements of operations because the credits are fully payable to the Company and do not offset income tax liabilities. As such, the credits are not deemed income tax credits under the accounting guidance applicable to income taxes.

As a result of the most recent legislation authorizing AFTC being signed into law on December 20, 2019, all AFTC revenue for vehicle fuel the Company sold in the 2018 and 2019 calendar years, totaling $47.1 million, was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2019. As a result of the previous legislation authorizing AFTC being signed into law on February 9, 2018, all AFTC revenue for vehicle fuel the Company sold in the 2017 calendar year, totaling $25.2 million, was recognized and collected during the year ended December 31, 2018. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2018, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) approved, and the Company recognized as revenue, $1.5 million of AFTC credit claims related to prior years. The Company recognized no AFTC revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017. AFTC is currently available through December 31, 2020 and may not be reinstated for vehicle fuel sales made after that date.

LNG Transportation Costs

LNG Transportation Costs

The Company records the costs incurred to transport LNG to its customers in “Product cost of sales” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were $0.3 million, $0.9 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock‑based payment arrangements over the requisite service period of the award. For stock options, the Company determines the grant date fair value using the Black‑Scholes option pricing model, which requires the input of certain assumptions, including the expected life of the stock‑based payment award, stock price volatility and risk‑free interest rate. For restricted stock units, the Company determines the grant date fair value based on the closing market price of its common stock on the date of grant.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payments Accounting, which simplified the accounting for share-based payment transactions. The Company adopted the standard as of January 1, 2017 and in connection with the adoption, elected to recognize forfeitures when they occur. This election was implemented under the modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect of an increase in accumulated deficit of $0.2 million, net of tax. This adjustment represents the cumulative additional compensation expense that would have been recognized through the date of adoption

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the tax bases and financial carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities. The impact on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates and laws, if any, are applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled and are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period of enactment. Valuation allowances are established when management determines it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized. When evaluating the need for a valuation analysis, we use estimates involving a high degree of judgment including projected future US GAAP income and the amounts and estimated timing of the reversal of any deferred tax assets and liabilities.

The Company has a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefit in income tax expense.

The Company operates within multiple domestic and foreign taxing jurisdictions and is subject to audit in these jurisdictions. These audits can involve complex issues, which may require an extended period of time to resolve. Although the Company believes that adequate consideration has been given to these issues, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these issues could be significantly different from originally estimated.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. Under the new standard, the selling (transferring) entity is required to recognize a current tax expense or benefit upon transfer of the asset. Similarly, the purchasing (receiving) entity is required to recognize a deferred tax asset or liability, as well as the related deferred tax benefit or expense, upon purchase or receipt of the asset. The Company early adopted the standard as of January 1, 2017. This election was implemented under the modified retrospective approach, resulting in a $0.3 million increase in accumulated deficit representing the cumulative recognition of the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory that occurred before the adoption date.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to Clean Energy Fuels Corp. by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and common shares issuable for little or no cash consideration during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to Clean Energy Fuels Corp. by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and common shares issuable for little or no cash consideration during the period and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period, and therefore reflects the dilution from common shares that may be issued upon exercise or conversion of these potentially dilutive securities, such as stock options, warrants, convertible notes and restricted stock units. The dilutive effect of stock awards and warrants is computed under the treasury stock method. The dilutive effect of convertible notes and restricted stock units is computed under the if-converted method. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computations of diluted net income (loss) per share if their effect would be antidilutive.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

The Company uses the local currency as the functional currency of its foreign subsidiary and equity method investment. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities outside the United States are translated into U.S. dollars at the rate of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expense items are translated at the weighted-average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity.

Foreign currency transactions occur when there is a transaction denominated in other than the respective entity’s functional currency. The Company records the changes in the exchange rate for these transactions in its consolidated statements of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, and 2019, foreign exchange transaction gains and (losses) were included in “Other income (expense), net” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and were $(0.2) million, $(0.0) million and $0.0 million, respectively.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity (net assets) of a business enterprise during the period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The difference between net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, and 2019 was comprised of the Company’s foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

Credit is extended to all customers based on financial condition, and collateral is generally not required. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade receivables are limited because of the large number of customers comprising the Company’s customer base and dispersion across many different industries and geographies. Certain international customers, however, have historically been slower to pay on trade receivables. Accordingly, the Company continually monitors collections and payments from its customers and maintains a provision for estimated credit losses based upon its historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that it has identified. Although credit losses have historically been within the Company’s expectations and the provisions established, the Company cannot guarantee that it will continue to experience the same credit loss rates that it has in the past.

Recently Adopted Accounting Changes and Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Changes and Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Changes

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASC 842”), which amends the guidance in former Accounting Standards Codification Topic 840, Leases (“ASC 840”). The new standard requires most leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, which will increase reported assets and liabilities. Accounting for lessors and capital leases (now known as finance leases) is substantially similar to ASC 840. The new standard is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, which for the Company was the first quarter of 2019.

The Company adopted this standard using the modified retrospective transition method. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 842, while prior period amounts are not adjusted. This adoption had a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as a result of recording ROU assets and lease liabilities for existing operating leases on the consolidated balance sheets. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations or its consolidated statements of cash flows.

As permitted under ASC 842, the Company elected the package of practical expedients that permit it to not reassess (1) whether an existing contract is or contains a lease, (2) the classification of existing leases, and (3) whether previously capitalized costs continue to qualify as initial indirect costs. The Company also elected the practical expedient allowing it to use hindsight in determining the lease term and in assessing the likelihood a purchase option will be exercised.

The effect of adopting ASC 842 was as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

Balance as of

    

Adjustments

    

Balance as of

 

 

December 31, 2018

 

Due to ASC 842

 

January 1, 2019

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

$

 —

 

$

24,453

 

$

24,453

Operating lease obligations

 

$

 —

 

$

25,943

 

$

25,943

Accrued liabilities

 

$

48,469

 

$

(496)

 

$

47,973

Other long-term liabilities

 

$

15,035

 

$

(994)

 

$

14,041

 

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016‑13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new standard amends the impairment model to utilize an expected loss methodology in place of the currently used incurred loss methodology, which will result in the more timely recognition of losses. This pronouncement is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company will adopt this standard in the first quarter of 2020. The Company does not expect adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.