Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	December 31, 2019
	Gross carrying		Accumulated		Net carrying		Weighted average
	amount		amortization		amount		useful life (years)
Customer relationships	$	4,003	$	(3,074)	$	929	3.7
Artist relationships		12,230		(11,336)		894	4.1
Media content		91,491		(91,333)		158	5.1
Technology		6,204		(6,156)		48	4.6
Non-compete agreements		25		(25)		—	3.0
Trade names		18,276		(7,716)		10,560	9.9
	$	132,229	$	(119,640)	$	12,589


	December 31, 2018
	Gross carrying		Accumulated		Net carrying		Weighted average
	amount		amortization		amount		useful life (years)
Customer relationships	$	4,003	$	(2,219)	$	1,784	3.7
Artist relationships		12,223		(11,007)		1,216	4.1
Media content		91,489		(91,215)		274	5.1
Technology		6,204		(5,682)		522	4.6
Non-compete agreements		25		(25)		—	3.0
Trade names		16,257		(6,120)		10,137	9.9
	$	130,201	$	(116,268)	$	13,933

Amortization Expense by Classification

Total amortization expense for the periods shown below includes (in thousands):


	Year ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Service costs	$	118	$	1,035
Sales and marketing		1,177		948
Product development		474		931
General and administrative		1,584		1,157
Total amortization	$	3,353	$	4,071

Estimated future amortization expense

Based upon the current amount of intangible assets subject to amortization, the estimated amortization expense for the next five years as of December 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):


	Estimated
	Amortization
Year ending December 31,
2020	$	2,439
2021	$	2,012
2022	$	1,772
2023	$	1,502
2024	$	1,225
Thereafter	$	3,639