<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

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    <periodOfReport>2018-02-13</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>1</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001365216</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>SCMP</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001363683</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Greenleaf Peter</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>805 KING FARM BLVD, SUITE 550</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>ROCKVILLE</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MD</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>20850</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>Chief Executive Officer</officerTitle>
            <otherText></otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

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            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, Class A</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
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            </transactionDate>
            <deemedExecutionDate></deemedExecutionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
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                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
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                    <value>129729</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>18.00</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
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                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
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                    <value>0</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
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            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <derivativeTable>
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            <securityTitle>
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            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
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            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
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                <transactionPricePerShare>
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                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
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            <expirationDate>
                <value>2024-03-03</value>
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            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
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                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
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                </underlyingSecurityShares>
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                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
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            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
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                <transactionShares>
                    <value>200000</value>
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                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>12.10</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
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            <exerciseDate>
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            <expirationDate>
                <value>2024-07-31</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
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                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>200000</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
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                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
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                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
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            <securityTitle>
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            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
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                <transactionShares>
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                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>3.18</value>
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                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
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            <exerciseDate>
                <footnoteId id="F2"/>
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            <expirationDate>
                <value>2025-03-04</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>210000</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
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        <derivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stock Option (right to buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>13.80</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2018-02-13</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <deemedExecutionDate></deemedExecutionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
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                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
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            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>420000</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>4.20</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <exerciseDate>
                <footnoteId id="F2"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2026-03-02</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>420000</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
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                    <value>0</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
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                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
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        </derivativeTransaction>
        <derivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stock Option (right to buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>11.85</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2018-02-13</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <deemedExecutionDate></deemedExecutionDate>
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                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
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            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>237000</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>6.15</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
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            <exerciseDate>
                <footnoteId id="F2"/>
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            <expirationDate>
                <value>2027-03-02</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>237000</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
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                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>0</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
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                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
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        </derivativeTransaction>
    </derivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">This common stock was purchased for $18.00 per share share in cash, subject to any required withholding of taxes and without interest, upon the effective time of the merger of Sun Acquisition Co.with and into Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Mallinckrodt plc, Sun Acquisition Co. and Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. dated December 23, 2017 (the &quot;Merger Agreement&quot;). The common stock consisted of both common stock and restricted stock units that were accelerated as a result of the Merger Agreement.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">This option was cancelled and converted into the right to receive in cash the amount per share by which $18.00 exceeds the exercise price of the option, subject to any applicable tax witholdings (such amount, the &quot;Option Spread&quot;), upon the effective time of the merger of Sun Acquisition Co.with and into Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. pursuant to the Merger Agreement. The Option Spread for the unvested portion of the option, if any, will be paid in accordance with the schedule described in the Merger Agreement.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Peter Greenleaf</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2018-02-13</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
