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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

13. Income Taxes

For the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s income tax expense was $1,242 and $479, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s income tax expense was $3,410 and $1,192, respectively. The increase in the income tax provision for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily related to a change in the geographical mix of income, which increased taxable non-U.S. earnings before income taxes when compared to the prior year periods.  This increase was partially offset by lower deferred tax expense in the 2018 periods related to the impact of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 to the amortization of tax goodwill.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company maintained a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets primarily attributable to operations in the United States, as the realization of such assets was not considered more likely than not.

There were no changes to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company does not expect any significant changes to its unrecognized tax positions during the next twelve months.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. No interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions were recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The Company finalized its computations associated with the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.  The final calculation of taxable foreign earnings and profits was significantly less than the Company’s tax losses for 2017, therefore the Company fully utilized these losses to offset the income inclusion.  There were no taxes due related to the transition tax.