Stock-based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Summary Components of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes the components of stock-based compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

	Years ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
Cost of services	$	559	$	525	$	203
Cost of product sales		44		45		53
Selling, general and administrative		4,082		3,655		3,135
Product development		338		395		219
Total	$	5,023	$	4,620	$	3,610

Time-Based Stock Appreciation Rights [Member]

Summary of Stock Appreciation Rights

A summary of the Company’s time-based SARs for the year ended December 31, 2016 is as follows:

	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2016		4,109,184		$	5.22
Granted		—			—
Exercised		(319,790	)		5.18
Forfeited or expired		—			—
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		3,789,394		$	5.23		4.49	$	13,798
Exercisable at December 31, 2016		3,753,027		$	5.23		4.39	$	13,992
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2016		3,789,394		$	5.23	$	4.49	$	13,798

Performance-Based Stock Appreciation Rights [Member]

Summary of Stock Appreciation Rights

A summary of the Company’s performance-based SARs for the year ended December 31, 2016 is as follows:

	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term  (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2016		778,774		$	6.33
Granted		—			—
Exercised		(19,950	)		2.95
Forfeited or expired		(169,400	)		10.97
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		589,424		$	6.06		4.30	$	2,632
Exercisable at December 31, 2016		589,424		$	6.06		4.37	$	2,632
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2016		589,424		$	6.06		4.30	$	2,632

Fair Value of Stock Appreciation Rights Estimated

The fair value of each time-based and performance-based SAR award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the assumptions described below. For the periods indicated the expected volatility was based on the Company’s historical volatility over the expected terms of SAR awards. Estimated forfeitures were based on voluntary and involuntary termination behavior, as well as analysis of actual forfeitures. The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve at the time of the grant over the expected term of the SAR grants. The Company did not grant time-based or performance-based SARs during the year ended December 31, 2016.

	Years ended December 31,
	2015		2014
Risk-free interest rate	1.35% to 1.82%		1.77% to 1.94%
Expected life (years)		6.0		6.0
Estimated volatility factor	62.7% to 64.6%		64.8% to 67.3%
Expected dividends	None		None

Time-Based Restricted Stock Units [Member]

Summary of Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the Company’s time-based RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2016 is as follows:

	Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at January 1, 2016		366,004		$	6.63
Granted		428,658			9.25
Vested		(76,707	)		6.44
Forfeited or expired		(26,003	)		6.38
Balance at December 31, 2016		691,952		$	8.28

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units [Member]

Summary of Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the Company’s performance-based RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2016 is as follows:

	Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at January 1, 2016		499,369		$	6.66
Granted		210,425			9.13
Vested		(175,389	)		6.53
Forfeited or expired		(60,797	)		6.71
Balance at December 31, 2016		473,608		$	7.80

Performance Units [Member]

Fair Value of Stock Appreciation Rights Estimated

As the MPUs contain both a performance and service condition, the MPUs have been treated as a series of three separate awards, or tranches, for purposes of recognizing stock-based compensation expense. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a tranche-by-tranche basis over the requisite service period for that specific tranche. The Company estimated the fair value of the MPUs using a Monte Carlo Simulation Model that used the following assumptions:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016	2015	2014
Risk-free interest rate	0.85% to 1.47%	0.65% to 1.31%	0.25% to 1.10%
Estimated volatility factor	33.0%to 36.0%	34.0%to38.0%	39.0%to41.0%
Expected dividends	None	None	None