Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Income Taxes

Schedule of components of the provision for income taxes

	2016		2015		2014
Current provision (benefit)
Federal	$	4,726	$	26,948	$	28,203
State		5,423		3,640		5,398
Foreign		92		362		1,074
		10,241		30,950		34,675
Deferred provision (benefit)
Federal		11,560		(7,099)		3,586
State		(727)		155		457
Foreign		72		(60)		(72)
		10,905		(7,004)		3,971
Total	$	21,146	$	23,946	$	38,646

Schedule of reconciliation of income tax expense compared to the amount of income tax expense that would result by applying U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to pre-tax income

	2016	2015	2014
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	35.00%	35.00%	35.00%
State taxes, net of federal income tax impact	6.38%	4.20%	4.66%
Foreign tax credit	(0.35)%	(0.50)%	(0.98)%
Canadian income tax	0.35%	0.50%	0.98%
Domestic production activities deduction	(1.10)%	(3.91)%	(3.07)%
Nondeductible meals & entertainment	5.36%	5.09%	3.38%
Other items	(1.46)%	(1.01)%	(2.01)%
Effective tax rate on income before provision for income taxes excluding income attributable to noncontrolling interests	44.18%	39.37%	37.96%
Impact of income from noncontrolling interests on effective tax rate	(0.91)%	(0.18)%	(0.19)%
Effective tax rate on income before provision for income taxes and noncontrolling interests	43.27%	39.19%	37.77%

Schedule of tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to deferred income taxes

	2016		2015
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued compensation	$	5,804	$	9,673
Accrued workers compensation		9,855		10,058
Capital loss carryforward		1,077		1,800
Foreign tax credit		1,349		1,293
Insurance reserves		3,248		5,489
Loss reserves		4,841		2,887
Pension liability		1,979		2,805
State income taxes		2,011		469
Other		288		882
Total deferred tax assets		30,452		35,356
Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation and amortization		(38,327)		(33,304)
Prepaid expenses and other		(1,955)		(977)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(40,282)		(34,281)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	(9,830)	$	1,075

Schedule of reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts and aggregate changes in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits

	2016		2015		2014
Beginning balance	$	—	$	456	$	5,382
Increases in balances for tax positions taken during the current year		—		—		—
Increases in balances for tax positions taken during prior years		—		—		—
Settlements and effective settlements with tax authorities		—		(456)		(4,878)
Lapse of statute of limitations		—		—		(48)
Total	$	—	$	—	$	456