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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Insurance Premiums Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Premium Revenue
—
 
Fully-Insured
—Membership contracts are written on an annual or multi-year basis and are subject to cancellation by the employer group upon
thirty
days written notice. The Company’s unearned premium revenue was approximately
$70,831,000
and
$33,149,000
at
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018,
respectively, and primarily relates to the estimated premium revenue associated with the remaining contract periods. Related unbilled amounts recorded in accounts receivable were approximately
$69,002,000
and
$31,151,000
at
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018,
respectively. Premiums are due monthly in advance and are recognized evenly as revenue during the period in which the Company is obligated to provide services to members. Any amounts
not
received by the end of a reporting period are recorded as accounts receivable by the Company. Any premiums received prior to the beginning of a reporting period are recognized as premiums received in advance and are included in unearned premium revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Premiums received in advance were approximately
$1,829,000
and
$1,998,000
at
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018,
respectively. Management has determined that as of
March 31, 2019
and
December 31, 2018,
respectively,
no
premium deficiency reserve is required. The Company’s premium deficiency reserve analysis includes an allocation of investment income.
 
Self-Insured
—The Company provides administrative and claims processing services, benefit plan design, and access to the Company-managed provider networks for an administrative fee to self-insured groups. The Company has
no
underwriting risk arising from the provision or cost of any services provided to the self-insured groups. The Company recognizes and records self-insured premiums on a gross basis because it controls the services as evidenced by: (i) the Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the service and (ii) the Company establishes the pricing for the services provided. The self-insured services constitute a series of distinct services accounted for as a single performance obligation.
 
Administration fee revenue (“ASO fees”) is recognized monthly when earned and is normally based on annual or multi-year contracts with the self-insured groups. ASO fees are charged to self-insured employer groups monthly on a per subscriber per month basis and included in premium revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Any unearned ASO fee revenue received prior to the beginning of a reporting period are recognized as premiums received in advance and are included in unearned premium revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Self-insured ASO fees receivable and revenue received in advance were immaterial at
March 31, 2019.
 
Self-insured premium revenue is recognized upon the adjudication of claims for self-insured members in accordance with agreements with self-insured employers and is included in premium revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Any self-insured premium amounts
not
received by the end of a reporting period are recorded as accounts receivable by the Company. The Company’s accounts receivable for self-insured premiums was approximately
$433,000
at
March 31, 2019.
Collection of the self-insured premium revenue occurs within the
first
month after the reporting period. In addition, the Company also holds deposits from self-insured groups which were approximately
$127,000
at
March 31, 2019.
Self-insured deposits are recorded as other payables and accruals in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Healthcare Services Expense [Policy Text Block]
Healthcare Services Expense
—Healthcare services expense is recognized on a monthly basis. In the case of the fully-insured dental HMO and indemnity and dental PPO segments, healthcare services expense is calculated by taking the paid claims associated with the fully-insured membership and adjusting this amount for the change in the claims payable liability determined using actuarial estimates. For the self-insured dental segment, the healthcare services expense is based solely on the adjudicated claims for the self-insured membership.
Investment, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Investments
—The Company invests in certificates of deposit, corporate bonds and money market funds. The Company classifies all investments as available-for-sale. The Company engages a fixed income portfolio manager to manage the Company’s investment grade and non-investment grade corporate bonds, under the Company’s direction, in order to maximize investment returns. Such investments are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. The Company recognizes gains and losses when these securities have other than temporary impairment, mature or are sold using the specific identification method.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Deferred Acquisition Costs—
Deferred acquisition costs are those incremental direct costs related to the successful acquisition of new and renewal business. These incremental direct costs are those that are essential to the contract transaction and would
not
have been incurred had the contract transaction
not
occurred. Such incremental direct costs include commissions, costs of contract issuance and underwriting, state premium taxes and other costs the Company incurs to successfully acquire new business or renew existing business. The Company defers policy acquisition costs and amortizes them over the estimated life of the contracts, which are short-duration in nature, in proportion to premiums earned. The Company capitalized deferred acquisition costs of approximately
$4,373,000
and
$2,808,000
and amortized approximately
$1,431,000
and
$1,346,000
of these capitalized costs for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2019
and
2018,
respectively. The amortization of these costs is recorded in commission expense and other acquisition costs included in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.     
Unpaid Policy Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]
Claims Payable—
The Company estimates liabilities for both incurred but
not
reported (“IBNR”) and reported claims in process by employing actuarial methods that are commonly used by health insurance actuaries.  These estimates meet actuarial standards of practice and are also recorded in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  Management’s estimates of dental services provided are based on the Company’s historical experience and current trends, with assistance from the Company’s consulting actuary. Estimated dental claims payable are reviewed monthly by management and are adjusted based on current information, actual paid claims data, dental utilization statistics and other pertinent information. However, final claim payments
may
differ from the established reserves. Any resulting adjustments are reflected in current operations in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.     
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]
New Accounting Guidance
— In
February 2016,
the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU
2016
-
02,
Leases (Topic
842
). ASU
2016
-
02
introduces new guidance that requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than
12
months. Leases are classified as finance or operating leases and both types of leases are recognized on the balance sheet.  In
July 2018,
the FASB issued ASU
2018
-
10,
Codification Improvements to Topic
842
and ASU
2018
-
11,
Targeted Improvements to Topic
842.
ASU
2018
-
10
makes narrow-scope amendments to certain aspects of the new leasing standard while ASU
2018
-
11
provides relief from costs of implementing certain aspects of the new leasing standard. The effective date of ASU
2016
-
02
is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2018.
The Company adopted the ASU on
January 1, 2019. 
 
Upon adoption of the guidance under the optional transition method that allows application of the transition provisions at the adoption date instead of the earliest period presented, the Company recorded approximately
$
391,000
as a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and corresponding lease liability equal to the present value of lease payments. These ROU asset and lease liability are included in other assets and other payables and accruals, respectively, in the condensed consolidated statements of financial position.  The impact of these changes at adoption had
no
impact on net income or shareholders’ equity.  Prior periods were
not
restated under the new standard. The Company utilized practical expedients which do
not
require reassessment of existing contracts for the existence of a lease or reassessment of existing lease classifications.  Leases with an initial term less than
one
year are
not
recorded on the balance sheet and the lease costs for these leases are recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term.  Operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term. The Company elected the practical expedient to
not
separate nonlease components from lease components.  A ROU asset is recognized based on the corresponding lease liability.  The Company's leases primarily relate to office space and technology.  The remaining lease terms are
one
to
five
years.  The weighted average discount rate is
6%.
  As most of the Company’s leases do
not
disclose the implicit interest rate, the Company uses incremental borrowing rates based on information available at lease commencement when determining the present value of future lease payments.  Operating lease costs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and include interest expense on the lease liability and amortization of the ROU asset.  The impact of the adopted ASU did
not
have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, cash flows and results of operations.
 
In
June 2016,
the FASB issued ASU
2016
-
13,
Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic
326
): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU
2016
-
13
amends previous guidance on the impairment of financial instruments by adding an impairment model that allows an entity to recognize expected credit losses as an allowance rather than impairing as they are incurred. The new guidance is intended to reduce complexity of credit impairment models and result in a more timely recognition of expected credit losses. The effective date of ASU
2016
-
13
is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2019.
The ASU has
not
yet been adopted by the Company. Management is currently evaluating the impact on our Company’s consolidated financial position, cash flows and results of operations, but it is
not
expected to have a significant impact.
 
In
March 2017,
the FASB issued ASU
2017
-
08,
Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic
310
-
20
): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. ASU
2017
-
08
amends guidance on the amortization period of premiums on certain purchased callable debt securities. The amendments shorten the amortization period of premiums on certain purchased callable debt securities to the earliest call date. The amendments should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings. The effective date of ASU
2017
-
08
is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2018.
The Company adopted the ASU on
January 1, 2019.
The adoption of these standards did
not
have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, cash flows and results of operations.
 
In
August 2018,
the FASB issued ASU
2018
-
13,
Fair Value Measurement (Topic
820
): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU
2018
-
13
clarifies the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of ASC
820
by adding, eliminating and modifying disclosures. The effective date of ASU
2018
-
13
is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2019.
The ASU has
not
yet been adopted by the Company. Management is currently evaluating the impact on the Company’s  disclosures, but it is
not
expected to have a significant impact.