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Dec. 15, 2021
Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund
Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund
Investment Objective
The Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund (the “Fund”) seeks to provide a high level of current income and the potential for capital appreciation through a total return approach to investing.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Institutional Shares
Retail
Shares1
Management Fees0.60%0.60%
Distribution (12b-1) and/or Service FeesNone0.25%
Shareholder Servicing Fee(2)
0.10%0.10%
Other Expenses(3)
0.83%0.83%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1.53%1.78%
Less: Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(4)
(0.68)%(0.68)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers/ Expense Reimbursements0.85%1.10%
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The fee waiver/expense reimbursement arrangement included in the table above is reflected only through December 15, 2024.
Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
Share ClassOne YearThree Years
Institutional Shares$87$271
Retail Shares$112$350
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests primarily in income producing debt instruments, which will consist principally of high-yield fixed income securities (sometimes referred to as “junk” bonds). High-yield securities typically pay high current interest and, under certain circumstances, offer the potential for capital appreciation but carry additional risks as compared to investment-grade fixed income securities.
The Fund may also invest in convertible securities, investment grade corporate debt securities, bank loans to corporate borrowers, variable or floating rate instruments, U.S. Government and Agency securities, and debt of non-U.S. companies. Non-U.S. companies are companies domiciled or headquartered outside of the United States or whose primary business activities or principal trading markets are located outside of the United States. The Fund may invest in equity securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies, primarily preferred stocks, but may also invest in common stocks.
While the Fund may invest in securities of any maturity, the Fund will normally target an average portfolio effective duration, as estimated by the Adviser, of three years or less. Duration is a measure of the underlying portfolio’s price sensitivity to changes in prevailing interest rates. The longer a security’s duration, the more sensitive its price will be to changes in interest rates. For example, the approximate percentage decrease in the price of a security with a three-year duration would be 3% in response to a 1% increase in interest rates.
In selecting securities for the Fund, the Adviser performs detailed fundamental credit analysis, including factors such as capital structure, cash flow, and earnings potential. The Adviser also considers qualitative factors such as such as a company’s competitive position, business prospects, management, and industry dynamics.
The Adviser may reduce or exit positions when it believes doing so is appropriate and consistent with the Fund’s objectives, or when market conditions, particular industries, or company-specific issues warrant such action.
If the Adviser cannot find securities that meet its investment criteria for the Fund, or for cash management purposes, it may invest in high-quality, short-term money market instruments, including money market funds.
Principal Risks
Before investing in the Fund, you should carefully consider your own investment goals, the amount of time you are willing to leave your money invested, and the amount of risk you are willing to take. Remember, in addition to possibly not achieving your investment goals, you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund over long or even short periods of time. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are:
General Market Risk; Recent Market Events. The value of the Fund’s shares will fluctuate based on the performance of the Fund’s investments and other factors affecting the securities markets generally. Certain investments selected for the Fund’s portfolio may be worth less than the price originally paid for them, or less than they were worth at an earlier time. The value of the Fund’s investments may go up or down, sometimes dramatically and unpredictably, based on current market conditions, such as real or perceived adverse political or economic conditions, inflation, changes in interest rates, lack of liquidity in the fixed income markets or adverse investor sentiment.
U.S. and international markets have experienced volatility in recent months and years due to a number of economic, political and global macro factors, including the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic, which has resulted in a public health crisis, business interruptions, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, travel restrictions, changed travel and social behaviors, rising inflation and reduced consumer spending. While U.S. and global economies are recovering from the effects of COVID-19, the recovery is proceeding at slower than expected rates and may last for a prolonged period of time.
Management Risk. Investment strategies employed by the Adviser in selecting investments for the Fund may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other investments.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. The value of investments in fixed income securities fluctuates with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of fixed income securities owned by the Fund. On the other hand, if rates fall, the value of the fixed income securities generally increases. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the current period of historically low rates and the effect of potential government fiscal policy initiatives and resulting market reaction to those initiatives. Below are several specific risks associated with investments in fixed income securities.
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer will not make timely payments of principal and interest. A credit rating assigned to a particular debt security is essentially an opinion of a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) as to the credit quality of an issuer and may prove to be inaccurate.
Interest Rate Risk. Interest rates may go up resulting in a decrease in the value of the securities held by the Fund. Interest rates have been historically low, so the Fund faces a heightened risk that interest rates may rise. Debt securities subject to prepayment can offer less potential for gains during a declining interest rate environment.
Call or Prepayment Risk. During periods of declining interest rates, a bond issuer may “call” or repay its high yielding bonds before their maturity dates. In times of declining interest rates, the Fund’s higher yielding securities may be prepaid, and the Fund may have to replace them with securities having a lower yield.
Liquidity Risk. Certain securities may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time and the price that the Fund would like. Trading opportunities are more limited for fixed income securities that have not received any credit ratings, have received ratings below investment grade or are not widely held. The values of these securities may fluctuate more sharply than those of other securities, and the Fund may experience some difficulty in closing out positions in these securities at prevailing market prices.
Event Risk. Corporate issuers may undergo restructurings, such as mergers, leveraged buyouts, takeovers, or similar events financed by increased debt. As a result of the added debt, the credit quality and market value of a company’s bonds and/or other debt securities may decline significantly.
Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these securities to fall.
High-Yield Fixed Income Securities Risk. The fixed income securities held by the Fund that are rated below investment grade are subject to additional risk factors such as increased possibility of default, illiquidity of the security, and changes in value based on public perception of the issuer. Such securities are generally considered speculative because they present a greater risk of loss, including default, than higher quality debt securities.
Convertible Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in convertible securities which are preferred stocks or bonds that pay a fixed dividend or interest payment and are convertible into common stock or other equity interests at a specified price or conversion ratio during a specified period. While the value of convertible securities depends in part on interest rate changes and the credit quality of the issuers, the value of these securities will also change based on changes in the value of the underlying stock. Income paid by a convertible security may provide a limited cushion against a decline in the price of the security; however, convertible securities generally have less potential for gain than common stocks. Also, convertible bonds generally have lower coupons than non-convertible bonds.
Equity Securities Risk. Equity securities are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. Equity securities, including preferred stocks, and hybrid securities that have equity characteristics may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, sectors or companies in which the Fund invests. Preferred stocks and hybrid securities generally are subject to more risks than debt securities because stockholders’ claims are subordinated to those of holders of debt securities upon the bankruptcy of the issuer.
Bank Obligations Risk. Bank loans (“loans”) are usually rated below investment grade. The market for loans may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads, and extended trade settlement periods. Investments in loans are typically in the form of an assignment or participation. Investors in a loan participation assume the credit risk associated with the borrower and may assume the credit risk associated with an interposed financial intermediary. Accordingly, if a lead lender becomes insolvent or a loan is foreclosed, the Fund could experience delays in receiving payments or suffer a loss. In an assignment, the Fund effectively becomes a lender
under the loan agreement with the same rights and obligations as the assigning bank or other financial intermediary. Accordingly, if the loan is foreclosed, the Fund could become part owner of any collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, the floating rate feature of loans means that loans will not generally experience capital appreciation in a declining interest rate environment. Declines in interest rates may also increase prepayments of debt obligations and require the Fund to invest assets at lower yields. Loans are also subject to prepayment risk.
The secondary market for loans is a private, unregulated inter-dealer or inter-bank resale market. Purchases and sales of loans are generally subject to contractual restrictions that must be satisfied before a loan can be bought or sold. These restrictions may impede the Fund’s ability to buy or sell loans and may negatively impact the transaction price. It may take longer than seven days for transactions in loans to settle and it may take the Fund significant time to receive proceeds after a sale. The Fund may hold cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow from banks to meet short-term liquidity needs due to the extended loan settlement process, such as to satisfy redemption requests from Fund shareholders.
U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. Securities issued by U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities have different levels of U.S. Government credit support. Some are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, while others are supported by only the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government or only by the credit of the agency or instrumentality. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities because they are not obligated to do so by law. Guarantees of timely prepayment of principal and interest do not assure that the market prices and yields of the securities are guaranteed nor do they guarantee the NAV or performance of the Fund, which will vary with changes in interest rates, the Adviser’s performance and other market conditions.
Foreign Securities and Currency Risk. Foreign securities held by the Fund are subject to risks relating to political, social and economic developments abroad and differences between U.S. and foreign regulatory requirements and market practices, including fluctuations in foreign currencies. Income earned on foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes.
LIBOR Transition Risk. The Fund may invest in securities that use LIBOR as a benchmark or reference rate for interest rate calculations. Plans are underway to phase out the use of LIBOR between December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2023. There remains uncertainty regarding the nature of any replacement rate and the impact of the transition from LIBOR on the Fund’s transactions and the financial markets generally. As such, the potential effect of a transition away from LIBOR on the Fund cannot yet be determined. The expected discontinuation of LIBOR could have a significant impact on the financial markets and may present risks for certain market participants.
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized registered investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors have no track record or history on which to base their investment decision.
Cybersecurity Risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, the Fund is susceptible to operational, information security, and related risks. Cyber incidents affecting the Fund or its service providers may cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset value (“NAV”), impediments to trading, the inability of shareholders to
transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs.
Operational Risk. Operational risks include human error, changes in personnel, system changes, faults in communication, and failures in systems, technology, or processes. Various operational events or circumstances are outside the Adviser’s control, including instances at third parties. The Fund and the Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures. However, these measures do not address every possible risk and may be inadequate to address these risks.
Performance
The Fund is new and therefore does not have a performance history for a full calendar year. In the future, performance information for the Fund will be presented in this section. Updated performance information is also available on the Fund’s website at www.greenspringfunds.com or by calling (833) 574-7469.