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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock Option Activity
The following table summarizes the stock option activity for all stock plans during the six months ended June 30, 2020:
Options and Inducement Awards
Outstanding at December 31, 2019
567,842  
Granted
634,085  
Exercised
—  
Forfeited
(78,989) 
Outstanding at June 30, 2020
1,122,938  
Exercisable at June 30, 2020
335,278  
Stock Award Activity For All Stock Plans
The following table summarizes the stock award activity for all stock plans during the six months ended June 30, 2020:

Restricted Stock Awards and Units
Outstanding at December 31, 2019
6,359  
Granted
207,547  
Vested
(2,309) 
Forfeited
(23,892) 
Outstanding at June 30, 2020
187,705  
ESPP Activity
A summary of activity within the ESPP follows:
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)20202019
Deductions from employees$62  $48  
Share-based compensation expense recognized46  57  
Remaining share-based compensation expense144  135  
Valuation Assumptions
The fair value of option grants is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and has been estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:
Six Months Ended June 30,
20202019
Risk-free interest rate
1.24 %2.25 %
Volatility
81.53 %72.10 %
Expected life (years)
6.046.08
Expected dividend yield
—  —  
Share-Based Compensation Expense by Classification
Share-based compensation expense by classification for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)2020201920202019
Research and development$661  $959  $1,209  $2,024  
General and administrative903  1,037  1,678  2,108  
     Total$1,564  $1,996  $2,887  $4,132