10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the transition period from ____ to ____                     

Commission File Number: 001-36783

BELLICUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Delaware	20-1450200
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 2130 W. Holcombe Blvd., Ste. 800

Houston, TX 77030

(832) 384-1100

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including

area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	BLCM	The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes    ☒   No    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes    ☒   No    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes    ☐   No   ☒

As of July 31, 2020, there were 5,059,779 outstanding shares of Bellicum’s common stock, par value, $0.01 per share.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2020 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2019	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' (Deficit) Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		30
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	30
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	30
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	66
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	66
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	66
Item 5.	Other Information	66
Item 6.	Exhibits	67
SIGNATURES		68

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except par value and share data)

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	66,408	$	91,028
Restricted cash, current	87		2,788
Accounts receivable, interest and other receivables	127		303
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,528		884
Assets held for sale	—		16,851
Total current assets	68,150		111,854
Operating lease right-of-use assets	869		1,042
Property and equipment, net	1,615		2,529
Restricted cash, non-current	1,500		—
Other assets	341		825
Total assets	$	72,475	$	116,250
LIABILITIES, PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,486	$	2,643
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	7,108		9,770
Warrant derivative liability	28,183		52,184
Private placement option liability	33,970		12,094
Current portion of long-term debt	6,390		11,000
Current portion of lease liabilities	491		454
Liabilities held for sale	—		6,273
Total current liabilities	78,628		94,418
Long-term debt, net of deferred issuance costs	20,715		25,717
Long-term lease liabilities	609		864
Total liabilities	99,952		120,999
Commitments and contingencies
Preferred stock: $0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized
Series 1 redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 1,517,500 shares authorized at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 534,000 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020; 538,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019	21,308		21,468
Stockholders’ deficit:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 80,000,000 and 40,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, 5,127,525 shares issued and 5,059,779 shares outstanding at June 30, 2020; 5,076,593 shares issued and 5,008,846 shares outstanding at December 31, 2019	51		507
Treasury stock: 67,746 shares held at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	(5,056)		(5,056)
Additional paid-in capital	515,252		511,684
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(389)		(327)
Accumulated deficit	(558,643)		(533,025)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(48,785)		(26,217)
Total liabilities, preferred stock and stockholders' deficit	$	72,475	$	116,250

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited) 

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues
Grants	$	—	$	1,391	$	—	$	1,907
Total revenues	—		1,391		—		1,907
Operating expenses
Research and development	11,758		20,032		22,206		36,880
General and administrative	3,761		7,518		7,932		15,054
Total operating expenses	15,519		27,550		30,138		51,934
Gain on dispositions, net	(3,761)		—		(3,761)		—
Loss from operations	(11,758)		(26,159)		(26,377)		(50,027)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	28		311		382		721
Interest expense	(763)		(1,088)		(1,748)		(2,158)
Change in fair value of warrant and private placement option liabilities	(30,701)		—		2,125		—
Total other (expense) income	(31,436)		(777)		759		(1,437)
Net loss	$	(43,194)	$	(26,936)	$	(25,618)	$	(51,464)
Net loss per common share attributable to common shareholders, basic and diluted	$	(8.55)	$	(5.85)	$	(5.08)	$	(11.40)
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted	5,052,234		4,605,234		5,045,965		4,515,311
Net loss	$	(43,194)	$	(26,936)	$	(25,618)	$	(51,464)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	—		5		—		56
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(49)		(46)		(62)		(18)
Comprehensive loss	$	(43,243)	$	(26,977)	$	(25,680)	$	(51,426)

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity

(amounts in thousands, except share data)

Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
	Series 1 Preferred			Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders' Deficit
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance, December 31, 2019	538,000	$	21,468	5,076,593	$	507	(67,746)	$	(5,056)	$	511,684	$	(533,025)	$	(327)	$	(26,217)
1-for-10 Reverse Stock Split	—	—		—	(457)		—	—		457		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	—		—	—		—	—		1,323		—		—		1,323
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		1,045	—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock into common stock	(4,000)	(160)		40,000	1		—	—		159		—		—		160
Comprehensive income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		17,576		(13)		17,563
Balance, March 31, 2020	534,000	$	21,308	5,117,638	$	51	(67,746)	$	(5,056)	$	513,623	$	(515,449)	$	(340)	$	(7,171)
Share-based compensation	—	—		—	—		—	—		1,564		—		—		1,564
Issuance of common stock - Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—	—		9,526	—		—	—		65		—		—		65
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		361	—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(43,194)		(49)		(43,243)
Balance, June 30, 2020	534,000	$	21,308	5,127,525	$	51	(67,746)	$	(5,056)	$	515,252	$	(558,643)	$	(389)	$	(48,785)

Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Series 1 Preferred			Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance, December 31, 2018	—	$	—	4,424,205	$	442	(67,746)	$	(5,056)	$	493,784	$	(420,548)	$	(144)	$	68,478
Share-based compensation	—	—		—	—		—	—		2,136		—		—		2,136
Exercise of stock options	—	—		2,765	—		—	—		70		—		—		70
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		2,271	—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock in open market transactions, net of issuance costs	—	—		135,065	14		—	—		4,611		—		—		4,625
Comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(24,528)		79		(24,449)
Balance, March 31, 2019	—	$	—	4,564,306	$	456	(67,746)	$	(5,056)	$	500,601	$	(445,076)	$	(65)	$	50,860
Share-based compensation	—	—		—	—		—	—		1,996		—		—		1,996
Exercise of stock options	—	—		221	—		—	—		6		—		—		6
Issuance of common stock - Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—	—		4,000	1		—	—		70		—		—		71
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	—	—		585	—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock in open market transactions, net of issuance costs	—	—		124,050	12		—	—		4,340		—		—		4,352
Comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(26,936)		(41)		(26,977)
Balance, June 30, 2019	—	$	—	4,693,162	$	469	(67,746)	$	(5,056)	$	507,013	$	(472,012)	$	(106)	$	30,308

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(Unaudited) 

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(25,618)	$	(51,464)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Share-based compensation	2,887		4,132
Depreciation and amortization expense	925		3,742
Change in fair value of warrant and private placement option liabilities	(2,125)		—
Gain on dispositions, net	(3,761)		—
Amortization of discount on investment securities, net	—		(28)
Amortization of right-of-use assets	173		636
Accretion of lease liability	(535)		355
Amortization of deferred issuance costs	388		439
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, interest and other receivables	176		372
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(160)		(2,336)
Accounts payable	(157)		(1,735)
Accrued liabilities and other	(2,662)		1,747
Deferred revenue	—		(1,907)
Net cash used in operating activities	(30,469)		(46,047)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of investment securities	—		35,679
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment, net	14,909		—
Purchases of property and equipment	(229)		(551)
Net cash provided by investing activities	14,680		35,128
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payment on debt	(10,000)		—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in a public offering, net	—		8,977
Proceeds from issuance of stock from employee stock purchase plan	65		71
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	—		76
Payment on financing lease obligations	(35)		(14)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(9,970)		9,110
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(62)		(18)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(25,821)		(1,827)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	93,816		48,668
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	67,995	$	46,841
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	1,413	$	1,722
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payables and accrued liabilities	$	60	$	—
Conversion of redeemable preferred stock into common stock	$	160	$	—
Reclassification of property and equipment, net to assets held for sale	$	199	$	—

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization

Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Bellicum”) is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing novel cellular immunotherapies for various forms of cancer, including both hematological cancers and solid tumors. Bellicum is devoting substantially all of its present efforts to developing next-generation product candidates in areas of cellular immunotherapy, including CAR-T and CAR-NK therapy.

Bellicum has two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Bellicum Pharma Limited, a private limited company organized under the laws of the United Kingdom, and Bellicum Pharma GmbH, a private limited liability company organized under German law. Both were formed for the purpose of developing product candidates in Europe. Bellicum, Bellicum Pharma Limited and Bellicum Pharma GmbH are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”. All intercompany balances and transactions among the consolidated entities have been eliminated in consolidation.

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker. The Company has determined that it has one operating and reporting segment as it allocates resources and assesses financial performance on a consolidated basis. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer who manages operations and reviews the financial information as a single operating segment for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating its financial performance.

Reverse Stock Split

On February 5, 2020, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to (i) effect a reverse stock split of all issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of 1-for-10 and (ii) reduce the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock from 200,000,000 to 40,000,000. On June 15, 2020, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Second Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the authorized number of shares of the Company’s common stock from 40,000,000 shares to 80,000,000 shares.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements gives retroactive effect to the reverse stock split for all periods presented.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the authoritative U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The unaudited interim financial statements reflect all adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. The operating results presented in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC on March 12, 2020.

7

The accompanying interim condensed financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes that the Company will continue as a going concern, and do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. This basis of accounting contemplates the recovery of the Company’s assets and the satisfaction of the Company’s liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business and does not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects of the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The Company has recorded losses from operations since its inception and if the Company does not successfully obtain regulatory approval and commercialize any of its product candidates, the Company will not be able to achieve profitability. As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $558.6 million and $533.0 million, respectively.

The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology industry and the future success of the Company is dependent on its ability to successfully complete the development of, and obtain regulatory approval for, its product candidates, manage the growth of the organization, obtain additional financing necessary in order to develop, launch and commercialize its product candidates, and compete successfully with other companies in its industry.

The Company believes that its current capital resources, which consist of cash and cash equivalents are sufficient to fund operations through at least the next twelve months from the date the accompanying interim financial statements are issued based on the expected cash burn rate. The Company may be required to raise additional capital to fund future operations through the sale of additional equity, incurrence of additional debt allowed under existing debt arrangements, the entry into licensing or collaboration agreements with partners, grants or other sources of financing. Sufficient funds may not be available to the Company at all or on attractive terms when needed from equity or debt financings. If the Company is unable to obtain additional funding from these or other sources when needed, or to the extent needed, it may be necessary to significantly reduce its controllable and variable expenditures and current rate of spending through reductions in staff and delaying, scaling back, or suspending certain research and development, sales and marketing programs and other operational goals.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no significant changes to the accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the significant accounting policies described in Note 1 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in the Company’s audited financial statements included in its Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Revenue Recognition

Cancer Research Grant Contract

On August 9, 2017, the Company entered into a Cancer Research Grant Contract (the “CPRIT Agreement”) with the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas (“CPRIT”), pursuant to which CPRIT awarded a grant of approximately $16.9 million to the Company to fund development of rivo-cel for hematologic cancer (the “CPRIT Award”). The CPRIT Award is contingent upon funds being available during the term of the CPRIT Agreement and subject to CPRIT’s ability to perform its obligations under the CPRIT Agreement.

During 2017, the Company received $4.2 million in advance funding from CPRIT, which was recorded as deferred revenue. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020, the Company did not incur expenses or recognize revenue for work performed under the CPRIT grant. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019, the Company incurred expenses and recognized revenue of $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, for work performed under the CPRIT grant.

8

The CPRIT Agreement was due to expire on February 29, 2020, but was terminated early by the Company on January 31, 2020. Upon termination of the CPRIT Agreement, the Company reclassified the remaining unexpended award proceeds of $0.8 million from deferred revenue to accrued liabilities. During the three month period ended June 30, 2020, the Company returned the remaining unexpended award proceeds to CPRIT and released the accrued liability.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments with maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase and that can be liquidated without prior notice or penalty, to be cash equivalents.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statements of cash flows.

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	66,408	$	91,028
Restricted cash, current	87		2,788
Restricted cash, non-current	1,500		—
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows	$	67,995	$	93,816

During 2017, $4.2 million was received from CPRIT, and is being held in a separate account to be used for costs solely related to the CPRIT grant. Release of the CPRIT funds are subject to the terms of the grant agreement and requirements therein and require the authorization of CPRIT. To date, CPRIT authorized the release of $3.3 million of restricted funds from the CPRIT account. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company returned the remaining unexpended award proceeds to CPRIT, leaving a balance of $0.1 million recorded as restricted cash, requiring the authorization of CPRIT to release, on the accompanying balance sheets at June 30, 2020.

In addition to the restricted cash held and released by CPRIT, there was $1.1 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2019 in escrow to cover specific construction of manufacturing improvement costs related to the facility lease. The release of the funds was subject to the authorized completion of certain aspects of the manufacturing improvements. The funds were released during the six months ended June 30, 2020.

In connection with the closing of the Asset Purchase Agreement with M.D. Anderson on April 14, 2020, $1.5 million of the cash proceeds received are subject to certain escrow provisions and recorded as restricted cash, non-current. The funds are required to be held for a period of up to 18 months subsequent to the April 14, 2020 closing date.

Disposition of Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

In 2019, the Company completed the buildout of manufacturing space at its leased headquarters in Houston, Texas and began in-house clinical supply manufacturing. The facility included capacity far in excess of the Company's anticipated current and near-term manufacturing needs and management decided to seek a partner for the facility with the goal of reducing the Company's costs while maintaining dedicated cell therapy manufacturing capacity to support the Company's product candidates.

The disposal of the assets and liabilities of such facility was completed on April 14, 2020, at a purchase price of $15.0 million. The disposal group consisted of property and equipment, net of $12.0 million, right-of-use assets of $4.8 million, current portion of lease liabilities of $1.4 million and long-term lease liabilities of $4.6 million. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized a net gain of $3.8 million in connection with the disposal, which is presented as Gain on dispositions, net within the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The primary reason for the disposal was to reduce the Company's fixed operating expenses by transitioning from an in-house clinical supply manufacturer to a third party manufacturer.

9

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Accrued payroll	$	2,104	$	2,032
Accrued patient treatment costs	954		1,162
Accrued manufacturing costs	273		2,230
Accrued professional services	639		654
Accrued obligations under material supply agreements	1,123		1,121
Accrued other	2,015		2,571
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,108	$	9,770

Warrant Derivatives

Freestanding warrants are classified as liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as they are exercisable for multiple underlying instruments that are potentially redeemable. The Company accounts for these warrants at fair value on the date of issuance and are subject to re-measurement to fair value at each balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recognized as a component of other income (expense) on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company will continue to adjust the liability for changes in fair value until the earlier of the exercise or expiration of the warrants or a change in control, as defined. The warrants are freely exercisable at any time from the issuance date until the expiration date, provided exercise does not cause a warrant holder to exceed a pre-determined beneficial ownership limit.

The Company estimates the fair value of these liabilities using the Black-Scholes valuation technique, which utilizes assumptions including (i) the fair value of the underlying stock at the valuation measurement date, (ii) volatility of the price of the underlying stock, (iii) the expected term, and (iv) risk-free interest rates.

Private Placement Option

The Company has entered into a security purchase agreement that contains a call option on preferred shares that are callable outside the control of the Company. The Company recorded the option as a liability and measured the fair value of the option at the time of issuance. The Company will re-measure the option to fair value at each balance sheet date and record changes in fair value in other income (expense) in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss at each reporting period. Offering expenses arising from the issuance of the private placement option were expensed as incurred.

The Company estimates the fair value of these liabilities using a binomial lattice model, which utilizes assumptions including (i) the fair value of the underlying stock at the valuation measurement date, (ii) volatility of the price of the underlying stock, (iii) the expected term, and (iv) risk-free interest rates.

Preferred Stock

Preferred shares issued by the Company that are subject to mandatory redemption are classified as liability instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are measured at fair value at the date of issuance. Conditionally redeemable preferred shares (including preferred shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified within mezzanine equity in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. At all other times, preferred shares are classified within stockholders’ (deficit) equity.

10

Operating Leases

At the inception of a contractual arrangement, the Company determines whether the contract contains a lease by assessing whether there is an identified asset and whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration over a period of time. If both criteria are met, upon lease commencement, the Company records a lease liability which represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, and a corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) asset which represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term.

Operating leases are recognized as ROU assets and operating lease liabilities on the balance sheet based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date calculated using the Company's incremental borrowing rate applicable to the underlying asset unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. Any lease incentives received are deferred and recorded as a reduction of the ROU asset and amortized over the term of the lease. Rent expense, comprised of amortization of the ROU asset and the implicit interest accreted on the operating lease liability, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of the lease and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the balance sheets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or an exit price paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in a principal market on the measurement date.

Accounting standards include disclosure requirements around fair values used for certain financial instruments and establish a fair value hierarchy. The three-tier hierarchy defines a three-tiered valuation hierarchy for disclosures that prioritizes valuation inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market, as described further in Note 2.

Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, and unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions.

These inputs are classified into the following hierarchy:

Level 1 Inputs - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date;

Level 2 Inputs - inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 Inputs - unobservable inputs for the assets.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company believes the recorded values of its financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and debt approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

Financial Instruments and Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk include cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash is deposited in demand accounts in federally insured domestic institutions to minimize risk. Insurance is provided through the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Security Investor Protection Corporation. Although the balances in these accounts exceed the federally insured limit from time to time, the Company has not incurred losses related to these deposits.

Equity Issuance Costs

Equity issuance costs represent costs paid to third parties in order to obtain equity financing. The costs related to preferred and common stock have been netted against the proceeds of the equity issuances.

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Net Loss and Net Loss per Share of Common Stock Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted earnings per share is based on the treasury stock method and includes the effect from potential issuance of ordinary shares, such as shares issuable pursuant to the conversion of preferred stock to common stock, exercise of warrants to purchase common stock, exercise of stock options, and vesting of restricted stock units.

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the computations of diluted net loss per share of common stock attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented as the effect of including such securities would be anti-dilutive.

	June 30, 2020	June 30, 2019
Common Stock Equivalents:	Number of Shares
Redeemable convertible series 1 preferred stock	5,340,000	—
Warrants to purchase common stock	5,750,000	—
Private placement option	9,675,000	—
Options to purchase common stock	1,122,938	766,533
Unvested shares of restricted stock units	187,705	21,593
Total common stock equivalents	22,075,643	788,126

New Accounting Requirements and Disclosures

Fair Value Measurement

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies fair value disclosures and removes some disclosure requirements for both public and private companies. In addition, public companies are subject to some new disclosure requirements which requires to disclose the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2020 with no material effect on its financial statements.

Financial Instruments – Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets including trade receivables held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2020 with no material effect on its financial statements. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. This ASU does not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2016-13, instead these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within the credit losses guidance. The FASB also subsequently issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Financial Instruments (Topic 842), which did not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2016-13 but clarified that expected recoveries of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off should be included in the valuation account and should not exceed amounts previously written off and expected to be written off. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019 for public business entities, excluding smaller reporting companies. Early adoption is permitted. As a smaller reporting company, the guidance will be effective for the Company during the first quarter of 2023. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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Income Taxes

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740). The guidance eliminates certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. This guidance also includes guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. ASU 2019-12 is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this change will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Investments

In January 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-01, Investments—Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)—Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815 (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force), which clarifies the interaction of the accounting for equity securities, investments accounted for under the equity method, and certain forward contracts and purchased options. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of determining the impact the adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements as well as whether to early adopt the new guidance.

NOTE 2 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Investment Securities

The following table presents the Company’s investment securities (including, if applicable, those classified on the Company’s balance sheet as cash equivalents) that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value at June 30, 2020						Fair Value at December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds and treasury bills	$	55,253	$	—	$	—	$	77,170	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents	$	55,253	$	—	$	—	$	77,170	$	—	$	—

As of June 30, 2020, the $1.5 million of restricted cash, non-current, on the Company's balance sheet is held in a money market fund.

Money market funds, U.S. Treasury, U.S. government agency-backed securities, corporate debt securities and municipal bonds are valued based on various observable inputs such as benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, benchmark securities and bids.

Warrant Derivative Liability and Private Placement Option Liability

The Company's financial liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include the fair values of the warrant derivative liability and the private placement option liability. As of June 30, 2020, the fair values of the warrant derivative liability and the private placement option liability are classified as current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. These liabilities will be shown as current liabilities on the balance sheet when it is deemed more probable than not by management to be exercised within one year.

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The fair value of the warrants has been estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Risk-free interest rate	0.41	%	1.83	%
Volatility of underlying stock price	90.00	%	78.67	%
Expected term (years)	6.14		6.64

The fair value of the private placement option has been estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	June 30, 2020
Risk-free interest rate	0.59	%
Volatility of underlying stock price	90.00	%
Expected term (years)	7.00

The following table provides the warrant derivative and private placement option reported at fair value and measured on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value at June 30, 2020						Fair Value at December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Warrant derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	28,183	$	—	$	—	$	52,184
Private placement option liability	—		—		33,970		—		—		12,094
Total fair value	$	—	$	—	$	62,153	$	—	$	—	$	64,278

The ending balance of the Level 3 financial instruments presented above represents management's best estimate of valuation and may not be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments.

NOTE 3 - LEASES

The Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease at its inception. Operating leases relate primarily to office space with remaining lease terms of two years. If operating leases include options to extend the lease term, management will consider the options in determining the lease term used to establish the Company's ROU assets and lease liabilities.

As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company's incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date was used to determine the present value of lease payments.

Components of lease cost are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of leased asset	$	18	$	18	$	36	$	24
Interest on lease liabilities	6		7		12		10
Operating lease cost	194		547		499		993
Short-term lease cost	207		12		241		47
Total lease cost	$	425	$	584	$	788	$	1,074

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	June 30, 2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	2.10 years
Finance leases	1.90 years
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases	12.77	%
Finance leases	13.28	%

Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash activity related to the Company's operating leases are as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Operating cash flow information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	819	$	1,095
Operating cash flows from finance leases	12		10
Financing cash flows from finance leases	35		14
Non-cash activity:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	—	$	1,259

Maturities of lease liabilities by year for leases are as follows:

(in thousands)	Operating Leases		Financing Leases
2020	$	252	$	48
2021	515		90
2022	316		39
2023 and beyond	—		—
Total lease payments	1,083		177
Less: Imputed interest	(139)		(21)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	944	$	156

NOTE 4 - DEBT

On December 21, 2017 (the “Oxford Closing Date”), the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Oxford Finance LLC, as the collateral agent and a lender ("Oxford"), and the lenders listed on Schedule 1.1 thereto or otherwise party thereto from time to time (the "Lenders"), pursuant to which the Company borrowed $35.0 million in a single term loan (the “Oxford Loan”) on the Oxford Closing Date. On the Oxford Closing Date, the Company used approximately $32.9 million of the proceeds from the Oxford Loan to repay its indebtedness to a previous lender.

On December 24, 2019, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “First Amendment”) with Oxford, in connection with the Asset Sale with M.D. Anderson. On March 31, 2020, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the "Second Amendment") with Oxford Finance LLC, in connection with the Asset Sale. The loan and security agreement with Oxford, as amended by the First and Second Amendment, is referred to as the "Oxford Loan Agreement."

The Company’s obligations under the Oxford Loan Agreement are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s current and future assets, including its intellectual property. The Company has also agreed not to encumber its intellectual property assets, except as permitted by the Oxford Loan Agreement. The Oxford Loan matures on December 1, 2022 (the “Oxford Maturity Date”) and was originally interest-only through January 31, 2020, followed by 35 equal monthly payments of principal and unpaid accrued interest. The Oxford Loan bears interest at a floating per annum rate equal to (i) 7.25% plus (ii) the greater of (a) the 30-day U.S. Dollar LIBOR rate reported in The Wall Street Journal on the last business day of the month that immediately precedes the month in which the interest will accrue and (b) 1.25%.

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The Company will be required to make a final payment of 8.70% of the principal amount of the Oxford Loan borrowed (the “Oxford Final Payment Fee”), payable on the earlier of (i) the Oxford Maturity Date, (ii) the acceleration of the Oxford Loan, or (iii) the prepayment of the Oxford Loan. The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, of the borrowed amounts, provided that the Company will be obligated to pay a prepayment fee equal to (i) 3.00% of the outstanding principal balance if prepaid on or before the first anniversary of the Closing Date, (ii) 2.00% of the outstanding principal balance, if prepaid after the first anniversary and before the second anniversary of the Closing Date, and (iii) 1.00% of the outstanding principal balance prepaid thereafter and prior to the Maturity Date (each, a “Prepayment Fee”). While any amounts are outstanding under the Oxford Loan Agreement, the Company is subject to a number of affirmative and restrictive covenants, including covenants regarding delivery of financial statements, payment of taxes, maintenance of insurance, dispositions of property, business combinations or acquisitions, incurrence of additional indebtedness and transactions with affiliates, among other customary covenants. The Company is also restricted from paying dividends or making other distributions or payments of its capital stock, subject to limited exceptions. Upon the occurrence of certain events, including but not limited to the Company’s failure to satisfy its payment obligations under the Oxford Loan Agreement, the breach of certain of its other covenants under the Oxford Loan Agreement, or the occurrence of a material adverse change, the collateral agent will have the right, among other remedies, to declare all principal and interest immediately due and payable, and the lender will have the right to receive the Oxford Final Payment Fee and, if the payment of principal and interest is due prior to the Oxford Maturity Date, a Prepayment Fee.

Pursuant to the Second Amendment, the Loan Agreement was amended to, among other things: (i) provide for Oxford's and the Lenders’ consent to the Company’s consummation of the Asset Sale with M.D. Anderson, provided such sale occurs on or prior to June 30, 2020; (ii) if such Asset Sale occurs on or prior to June 30, 2020, extend the interest-only period through as late as July 31, 2021; (iii) if Asset Sale closes on or prior to June 30, 2020, provide for a partial repayment to the Lenders of a significant percentage of the proceeds of the asset sale that varies in accordance with the timing of closing and the associated amortization schedule, a portion of which will be applied as partial payment of the Final Payment Percentage (as defined in the Loan Agreement); and (iv) grant the Lenders and Oxford a security interest in the Company’s intellectual property as of the date of the Second Amendment, in each case as set forth in the Second Amendment. The sale of certain assets subject to the Second Amendment closed on April 14, 2020. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, the closing of the Asset Sale to M.D. Anderson triggered the Company’s obligation to provide partial repayment to the Lenders of $7.0 million, of which $0.6 million was applied as partial payment of the Oxford Final Payment Fee. The interest-only period was extended through December 31, 2020.

The Company paid expenses related to the Oxford Loan Agreement of $0.1 million, which, along with the final facility charge of $3.0 million, have been recorded as deferred issuance costs, which offset long-term debt on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet. The deferred issuance costs are being amortized over the term of the loan as interest expense using the effective interest method. Interest expense of amortized deferred issuance costs included $0.2 million and $0.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.4 million and $0.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The interest rate on amounts borrowed under the Oxford Loan Agreement was 10.98% at June 30, 2020.

Management believes that the carrying value of the debt facility approximates its fair value, as the Company's debt facility bears interest at a rate that approximates prevailing market rates for instruments with similar characteristics. The fair value of the Company's debt facility is determined under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

NOTE 5 - AUGUST 2019 PUBLIC OFFERING AND PRIVATE PLACEMENT

August 2019 Public Offering

On August 16, 2019, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (the “Underwriters”), relating to an underwritten public offering (the “Offering”) of 575,000 shares of the Series 1 Redeemable Convertible Non-Voting Preferred Stock of the Company (the “Series 1 Preferred Stock”) and warrants (the “Public Warrants”) to purchase up to 5,750,000 shares of its common stock. Each share of Series 1 Preferred Stock was sold together with a warrant to purchase 10 shares of common stock at a combined price to the public of $100.00. Under certain circumstances, each warrant to purchase 10 shares of common stock will be exercisable, at the irrevocable election of the holder, for one share of Series 1 Preferred Stock. The offering closed on August 21, 2019, and the net proceeds to the Company from the Offering was approximately $53.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, and excluding any proceeds that the Company may receive upon exercise of the Public Warrants.

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All of the Public Warrants sold in the Offering have an exercise price of $13.00 per share of common stock or, in certain circumstances, for $130.00 per share of Series 1 Preferred Stock, subject to proportional adjustments in the event of stock splits or combinations or similar events. The Public Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance, provided that the holder is prohibited, subject to certain exceptions, from exercising a warrant for shares of common stock to the extent that immediately prior to or after giving effect to such exercise, the holder, together with its affiliates and other attribution parties, would own more than 9.99% of the total number of shares of common stock then issued and outstanding, which percentage may be changed at the holder’s election to a lower percentage at any time or to a higher percentage not to exceed 19.99% upon 61 days’ notice to the Company. The Public Warrants will expire on August 21, 2026, unless exercised prior to that date.

Private Placement

On August 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors named therein (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue in a private placement (i) 350,000 shares of its Series 2 Redeemable Convertible Non-Voting Preferred Stock (the “Series 2 Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $100.00 per share, and related warrants (the “Private Warrants”) to purchase up to 2,800,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, and (ii) 250,000 shares of its Series 3 Redeemable Convertible Non-Voting Preferred Stock (the “Series 3 Preferred Stock” and, together with the Series 1 Preferred Stock and Series 2 Preferred Stock, the “Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $140.00 per share, and related warrants (also, “Private Warrants”) to purchase up to 875,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $14.00 per share. The purchase and sale of the securities issuable under the private placement agreement may occur in two or more separate closings, each to be conducted at the Purchasers’ discretion within five days’ notice to the Company. The purchase and sale was subject to the Company’s obtaining stockholder approval for additional authorized shares of Common Stock or a reverse stock split (the “Required Stockholder Approval”), which occurred in the first quarter of 2020. The right of the Purchasers to purchase such securities will expire two and a half years after the Required Stockholder Approval, on July 15, 2022, with respect to the Series 2 Preferred Stock, and three years after such stockholder approval, on January 15, 2023, with respect to the Series 3 Preferred Stock, if not exercised prior to that date.

The Company received $11.2 million in option proceeds, net of offering costs, upon the execution of the Securities Purchase Agreement. Total offering costs incurred by the Company related to the Public Warrants, Private Warrants and options amounted to $3.0 million.

The following table reflects the fair value roll forward reconciliation of the warrant derivative and private placement option liabilities for the period ended June 30, 2020:

(in thousands)	Warrant Derivative Liability		Private Placement Option Liability		Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	52,184	$	12,094	$	64,278
Change in fair value	(24,001)		21,876		(2,125)
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	28,183	$	33,970	$	62,153

NOTE 6 - REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

In August 2019, the Company sold Series 1 preferred stock pursuant to the Offering. The Company has 10,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01, of which the Company has designated 1,517,500 shares as Series 1 redeemable convertible non-voting preferred stock, 350,000 shares as Series 2 redeemable convertible non-voting preferred stock and 250,000 shares as Series 3 redeemable convertible non-voting preferred stock. There were 534,000 shares of Series 1 preferred stock issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020. There were no shares of Series 2 or 3 preferred stock issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company classified the Series 1 preferred stock within mezzanine equity, as the Series 1 preferred stock is redeemable at the option of the holders upon passage of time, which is outside of the Company’s control to prevent.

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The Series 1 preferred stock is not currently redeemable and is only redeemable upon a fundamental change at a redemption price. The Company does not believe a fundamental change is considered probable until it occurs. Subsequent adjustment of the amount presented within mezzanine equity to its redemption amount is unnecessary if it is not probable that the instrument will become redeemable. As (i) the Series 1 preferred stock is only redeemable upon a fundamental change, the occurrence of which is not probable, and (ii) the occurrence of Transition Date (defined below) is probable, the Company did not accrete the Series 1 preferred stock to its redemption amount.

Optional Conversion

Each share of Preferred Stock is initially convertible into 10 shares of Common Stock. The conversion price at which Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of common stock, is subject to adjustment in connection with certain specified events.

Redemption

Until the applicable Transition Date (defined below), at any time on or after the date that is the fifth (5th) anniversary of the initial issue date of the applicable series of preferred stock, all or any portion of the preferred stock is redeemable at the option of the holder at a redemption price of $100.00 per share (for Series 1 and Series 2 preferred stock) and $140.00 per share (for Series 3 preferred stock).  The “Transition Date” means:

•With respect to the Series 1 preferred stock, the first date following August 21, 2021, on which each of the Conditions (as defined below) is met (the “Series 1 Transition Date”);

•With respect to the Series 2 preferred stock, the first date following the six-month anniversary of the Series 1 Transition Date on which each of the Conditions is met (the “Series 2 Transition Date”); and

•With respect to the Series 3 preferred stock, the first date following the six-month anniversary of the Series 2 Transition Date on which each of the Conditions is met.

The “Conditions” mean: (1) the closing price of the Company’s common stock has been equal to or exceeded $25.00 per share for 180 calendar days (for determining if the Conditions are met for the Series 1 preferred stock and Series 2 preferred stock) and $35.00 per share (for the Series 3 preferred stock) for 180 calendar days; (2) the 50-day average trading volume of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq stock market is greater than 50,000 shares; and (3) a Phase 3 or Phase 2 pivotal clinical trial for one of the Company’s CAR T product candidates has been initiated, meaning that at least one clinical trial site has been activated.

Dividends

Shares of Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive dividends equal to (on an as-if-converted-to-common stock basis), and in the same form and manner as, dividends actually paid on shares of common stock.

Liquidation

Until the applicable Transition Date, in the event of a liquidation, dissolution, winding up or deemed liquidation, holders of the Preferred Stock will receive a payment equal to the applicable per share purchase price of their Preferred Stock before any proceeds are distributed to the holders of Common Stock. The liquidation preferences, protective voting provisions and redemption rights of the Preferred Stock will terminate upon the occurrence of certain events.

Voting

Shares of Preferred Stock will generally have no voting rights, except to the extent expressly provided in the Company’s certificate of incorporation or as otherwise required by law.

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NOTE 7 - STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

Stockholders' Equity

On October 5, 2018, the Company entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement (the “Sale Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC ("Jefferies"), as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Jefferies, shares of the Company’s common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $60.0 million. The shares will be offered and sold pursuant to the Company’s prospective supplement to its shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Prospective Supplement”). During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company received $9.0 million in net proceeds from the sale of 259,115 shares of its common stock in the open market. On August 16, 2019, in connection with the Offering, the Company delivered written notice to Jefferies that the Company was suspending and terminating the Prospectus Supplement related to the shares of its common stock issuable pursuant to the Sale Agreement. The Company will not make any sales of its securities pursuant to the Sales Agreement, unless and until a new prospectus supplement is filed. Other than the termination of the Prospectus Supplement, the Sale Agreement remains in full force and effect.

Share-Based Compensation Plans

The Company has five share-based compensation plans, including the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan"), which was adopted in June 2019. Each plan authorizes the granting of shares of common stock and options to purchase common stock to employees and directors of the Company, as well as non-employee consultants, and allows the holder of the option to purchase common stock at a stated exercise price. The only plan under which the Company may currently grant equity awards is the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan although there remain outstanding awards under the other four plans. Options vest according to the terms of the grant, which may be immediately or based on the passage of time, generally over four years, and have a term of up to 10 years. Unexercised stock options terminate on the expiration date of the grant. The Company recognizes the share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the individual grantees, which generally equals the vesting period.

2019 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2019 Plan, is designed to secure and retain the services of the Company’s employees and directors. The 2019 Plan is successor to and continuation of the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, the ("2014 Plan"), and no additional awards may be issued from the 2014 Plan. Subject to adjustment for certain changes in the Company’s capitalization, the aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2019 Plan (the "Share Reserve") will not exceed the sum of (i) 250,000 new shares, plus (ii) an additional 600,000 shares that were approved at the Company’s Special Meeting of Stockholders in January 2020, plus (iii) an additional 500,000 shares that were approved at the Company's Annual Meeting of Stockholders in June 2020, and plus (iv) the Prior Plans’ Returning Shares, as defined in the 2019 Plan documents, in an amount not to exceed 600,540 shares, including any stock award granted under the 2014 Plan, 2011 Stock Option Plan, as amended, or 2006 Stock Option Plan, as amended, that were outstanding as of the date the 2019 Plan was approved by the Company's stockholders, as such shares become available from time to time.

The following shares of common stock (the "2019 Plan Returning Shares") will also become available again for issuance under the 2019 Plan: (i) any shares subject to a stock award granted under the 2019 Plan that are not issued because such stock award expires or otherwise terminates without all of the shares covered by such stock award having been issued; (ii) any shares subject to a stock award granted under the 2019 Plan that are not issued because such stock award is settled in cash; and (iii) any shares issued pursuant to a stock award granted under the 2019 Plan that are forfeited back to or repurchased by the Company because of a failure to vest.

The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance stock awards, and other stock awards.

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The following table summarizes the stock option activity for all stock plans during the six months ended June 30, 2020:

	Options and Inducement Awards
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	567,842
Granted	634,085
Exercised	—
Forfeited	(78,989)
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	1,122,938
Exercisable at June 30, 2020	335,278

The following table summarizes the stock award activity for all stock plans during the six months ended June 30, 2020:

	Restricted Stock Awards and Units
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	6,359
Granted	207,547
Vested	(2,309)
Forfeited	(23,892)
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	187,705

2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP") provides for eligible Company employees, as defined by the ESPP, to be given an opportunity to purchase the Company's common stock at a discount, through payroll deductions, with stock purchases being made upon defined purchase dates. The ESPP authorizes the issuance of up to 55,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to participating employees and allows eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock at a 15% discount from the lesser of the grant date or purchase date fair market value. During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 there were 9,526 and 4,000 shares purchased by the ESPP, respectively.

A summary of activity within the ESPP follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Deductions from employees	$	62	$	48
Share-based compensation expense recognized	46		57
Remaining share-based compensation expense	144		135

As of June 30, 2020, there were 23,937 shares available for issuance under the ESPP.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

The fair value of option grants is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and has been estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Risk-free interest rate	1.24	%	2.25	%
Volatility	81.53	%	72.10	%
Expected life (years)	6.04		6.08
Expected dividend yield	—		—

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Share-based compensation expense by classification for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Research and development	$	661	$	959	$	1,209	$	2,024
General and administrative	903		1,037		1,678		2,108
Total	$	1,564	$	1,996	$	2,887	$	4,132

At June 30, 2020, total compensation cost not yet recognized was $9.4 million and the weighted-average period over which this amount is expected to be recognized is 2.3 years.

NOTE 8 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Co-Development and Co-Commercialization Agreement - Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc

On December 16, 2016, the Company entered into a Co-Development and Co-Commercialization Agreement with and Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc ("Adaptimmune") in order to facilitate a staged collaboration to evaluate, develop and commercialize next generation T cell therapies. Under the Agreement, the parties agreed to evaluate the Company’s GoTCR technology (inducible MyD88/CD40 co-stimulation, or "iMC") with Adaptimmune’s affinity-optimized SPEAR® T cells for the potential to create enhanced TCR product candidates. Depending on results of the preclinical proof-of-concept phase, the parties expect to progress to a two-target co-development and co-commercialization phase. To the extent necessary, and in furtherance of the parties’ proof-of-concept and co-development efforts, the parties granted each other a royalty-free, non-transferable, non-exclusive license covering their respective technologies for purposes of facilitating such proof-of-concept and co-development efforts. In addition, as to covered therapies developed under the agreement, the parties granted each other a reciprocal exclusive license for the commercialization of such therapies. With respect to any joint commercialization of a covered therapy, the parties agreed to negotiate in good faith the commercially reasonable terms of a co-commercialization agreement. The parties also agreed that any such agreement shall provide for, among other things, equal sharing of the costs of any such joint commercialization and the calculation of profit shares as set forth in the Agreement. The Agreement will expire on a country-by-country basis once the parties cease commercialization of the T cell therapies covered by the Agreement, unless earlier terminated by either party for material breach, non-performance or cessation of development, bankruptcy/insolvency, or failure to progress to co-development phase.

License Agreement - Baylor

In March 2016, the Company and Baylor College of Medicine (“BCM”) entered into two additional license agreements pursuant to which the Company obtained exclusive rights to technologies and patent rights owned by BCM. The Company paid BCM a nonrefundable license fee of $100,000 and could incur additional payments upon the achievement of certain milestone events as set forth in the agreement. If the Company is successful in developing any of the licensed technologies, resulting sales would be subject to a royalty payment in the low single digits.

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License Agreement - Agensys, Inc.

On December 10, 2015, the Company and Agensys, Inc. (“Agensys”), entered into a license agreement (the “Agensys Agreement”), pursuant to which (i) Agensys granted the Company, within the field of cell and gene therapy of diseases in humans, an exclusive, worldwide license and sublicense to its patent rights directed to prostate stem cell antigen 1 (“PSCA”) and related antibodies, and (ii) the Company granted Agensys a non-exclusive, fully paid license to the Company’s patents directed to inventions that were made by the Company in the course of developing the Company’s licensed products, solely for use with Agensys therapeutic products containing a soluble antibody that binds to PSCA or, to the extent not based upon the Company’s other proprietary technology, to non-therapeutic applications of antibodies not used within the field. As consideration for the rights granted to the Company under the Agreement, the Company agreed to pay to Agensys a non-refundable upfront fee of $3.0 million, which was included in license fee expense. The Company is also required to make aggregate milestone payments to Agensys of up to (i) $5.0 million upon the first achievement of certain specified clinical milestones for its licensed products, (ii) $50.0 million upon the achievement of certain specified clinical milestones for each licensed product, and (iii) $75.0 million upon the achievement of certain sales milestones for each licensed product. The Agreement additionally provides that the Company will pay to Agensys a royalty that ranges from the mid to high single digits based on the level of annual net sales of licensed products by the Company, its affiliates or permitted sublicensees. The royalty payments are subject to reduction under specified circumstances. These milestone and royalty payments will be expensed as incurred. Under the Agreement, Agensys also was granted the option to obtain an exclusive license, on a product-by-product basis, from the Company to commercialize in Japan each licensed product developed under the Agensys Agreement that has completed a phase 2 clinical trial. As to each such licensed product, if Agensys or its affiliate, Astellas Pharma, Inc., exercises the option, the Agensys Agreement provides that the Company will be paid an option exercise fee of $5.0 million. In addition, the Agensys Agreement provides that the Company will be paid a royalty that ranges from the mid to high single digits based on the level of annual net sales in Japan of each such licensed product. If the option is exercised, the aggregate milestone payments payable by the Company to Agensys, described above with respect to each licensed product, would be reduced by up to an aggregate of $65.0 million upon the achievement of certain specified clinical and sales milestones. The Agensys Agreement will terminate upon the expiration of the last royalty term for the products covered by the Agensys Agreement, which is the earlier of (i) the date of expiration or abandonment of the last valid claim within the licensed patent rights covering any licensed products under the Agreement, (ii) the expiration of regulatory exclusivity as to a licensed product, and (iii) 10 years after the first commercial sale of a licensed product. Either party may terminate the Agensys Agreement upon a material breach by the other party that remains uncured following 60 days after the date of written notice of such breach (or 30 days if such material breach is related to failure to make payment of amounts due under the Agensys Agreement) or upon certain insolvency events. In addition, Agensys may terminate the Agensys Agreement immediately upon written notice to the Company if the Company or any of its affiliates or permitted sublicensees commences an interference proceeding or challenges the validity or enforceability of any of Agensys’ patent rights.

License Agreement - BioVec

On June 10, 2015, the Company and BioVec Pharma, Inc. (“BioVec”) entered into a license agreement (the “BioVec Agreement”) pursuant to which BioVec agreed to supply the Company with certain proprietary cell lines and granted to the Company a non-exclusive, worldwide license to certain of its patent rights and related know-how related to such proprietary cell lines. As consideration for the products supplied and rights granted to the Company under the BioVec Agreement, the Company agreed to pay to BioVec an upfront fee of $100,000 within ten business days of the effective date of the BioVec Agreement and a fee of $300,000 within ten business days of its receipt of the first release of GMP lot of the products licensed under the BioVec Agreement. In addition, the Company agreed to pay to BioVec an annual fee of $150,000, commencing 30 days following the first filing of an Investigational New Drug Application (an IND filing), or its foreign equivalent, for a product covered by the license; with such annual fees being creditable against any royalties payable by the Company to BioVec under the BioVec Agreement. The Company also is required to make a $250,000 milestone payment to BioVec for each of the first three licensed products to enter into a clinical phase trial and one-time milestone payments of $2.0 million upon receipt of a registration granted by the Federal Drug Administration or European Medicines Agency on each of the Company’s first three licensed products. The BioVec Agreement additionally provides that the Company will pay to BioVec a royalty in the low single digits on net sales of products covered by the BioVec Agreement. The Company may also grant sublicensees under the licensed patent rights and know-how to third parties for limited purposes related to the use, sale and other exploitation of the products licensed under the BioVec Agreement. The BioVec Agreement will continue until terminated. The BioVec Agreement may be terminated by the Company, in its sole discretion, at any time upon 90 days written notice to BioVec. Either party may terminate the BioVec Agreement in the event of a breach by the other party of any material provision of the BioVec Agreement that remains uncured on the date that is 60 days after written notice of such failure or upon certain insolvency events that remain uncured following the date that is 30 days after the date of written notice to a party regarding such insolvency event.

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Litigation

Securities Litigation

On May 29, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division granted the Company’s motion to dismiss with prejudice in the purported class action complaint filed on February 6, 2018 against the Company and certain of its current and former employees, captioned Nipun Kakkar v. Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rick Fair and Alan Musso. As previously reported, the complaint alleged that the Company and members of its management violated federal securities laws by making allegedly false and misleading statements. The court’s written order dismissed the case in its entirety with prejudice, resulting in a termination of all claims. The deadline for the plaintiffs to appeal has expired.

On July 19, 2018, a purported shareholder derivative complaint captioned Seung Paik v. Richard A. Fair, et al. was filed against the Company’s directors and certain of the Company’s officers in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division. The lawsuit is based on the same facts as the Kakkar class action and purports to seek damages on behalf of the Company against the individual defendants for breach of fiduciary duty, waste, unjust enrichment and violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act. The complaint alleges that the defendants caused or allowed the Company to disseminate misstatements regarding the clinical trials for rivo-cel and to make false or misleading statements in the proxy materials for the Company’s 2017 annual meeting of stockholders. On July 8, 2019, another purported shareholder derivative complaint captioned Scott Ludovissy and Ann Gordon Trammell v. Richard A. Fair, et al. was filed against the same defendants in the same court. On November 1, 2019, an additional purported shareholder derivative complaint captioned Mildred Taylor and Jessica Amor v. Richard A. Fair, et al. was filed against certain of the Company’s officers and directors in the District of Delaware. The lawsuit purports to seek monetary damages. The Taylor complaint includes substantially similar factual allegations as the other matters described above and seeks to hold the defendants liable for allegedly causing the Company to make material misstatements. The Paik, Ludovissy, and Taylor derivative causes of action have been stayed until reinstated on motion of the parties.

Other Litigation

On May 29, 2019, Bellicum was served with a second amended complaint indicating that the Company had been added as an additional defendant in an ongoing civil tort lawsuit, captioned Kelly v. Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles et al., filed in the Los Angeles County Superior Court, Case No. BC681477. On July 10, 2019, a third amended complaint was filed, which alleges claims for wrongful death, negligence, breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, medical battery on decedent, medical battery on individual plaintiffs, products liability - failure to warn, breach of express warranty and products liability design or manufacturing defect. Plaintiffs are seeking unspecified monetary damages including punitive damages. In response to the third amended complaint, Bellicum filed a demurrer and a motion to strike portions of the third amended complaint, the hearings for which have been continued indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in these proceedings. An adverse finding could materially affect our business and results of operations.

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Item 2.          Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 12, 2020, or our Annual Report, as well as our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or this Quarterly Report.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements and information within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects and plans and objectives of management. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “designed,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements that we make. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the risks set forth in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report and in our other filings with the SEC. The forward-looking statements are applicable only as of the date on which they are made, and we do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing novel, controllable cellular immunotherapies. We are designing new treatments for various forms of cancer, including both hematological cancers and solid tumors. We are advancing CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies, which are an innovative approach in which a patient’s or donor’s T cells or NK cells, respectively, are genetically modified to carry chimeric antigen receptors, or CARs. We are using our proprietary Chemical Induction of Dimerization, or CID, technology platform to engineer our product candidates with switch technologies that are designed to control components of the immune system in real time. By incorporating our CID platform, our product candidates may offer better efficacy and safety outcomes than are seen with current cellular immunotherapies.

Cell behavior is controlled by cascades of specialized signaling proteins. CID consists of molecular switches, modified forms of these signaling proteins, which are triggered inside the patient by infusion of a small molecule, instead of by natural upstream signals. We genetically introduce these molecular switches into the appropriate immune cells and deliver the cells to the patient in the manner of conventional cellular immunotherapy. We have developed two such switches: an “activation switch,” designed to stimulate activation, proliferation and persistence of the immunotherapy cells and provide other immunomodulatory benefits, and a “safety switch,” designed to initiate programmed cell death, or apoptosis, of the immunotherapy cells. Each of our product candidates incorporates one or both switches, for enhanced, real time control of efficacy and safety:

•The inducible MyD88/CD40 (iMC) activation switch that is incorporated into our GoCAR product candidates is designed to enhance CAR-based cell therapies by augmenting multiple mechanisms of action, including: 1) boosting effector cell proliferation; 2) enhancing functional persistence by resisting exhaustion and inhibitory signals found in the tumor microenvironment; and 3) stimulating the cancer patient’s own immune system to intensify tumor killing. Unlike other CAR therapies that can behave unpredictably due to their autonomous activity, GoCAR antitumor effects are controlled through scheduled administration of rimiducid. In the event of severe side effects, GoCAR activity can be attenuated by extending the interval between rimiducid doses or suspending further rimiducid administration.

•Our CaspaCIDe™ safety switch (also known as inducible Caspase-9, or iC9) is designed to be inactive unless the patient experiences a serious side effect (e.g., CRS, neurologic toxicities or off-tumor / on-target toxicities). In that event, rimiducid or temsirolimus is administered to induce Caspase-9 and eliminate the cells, with the goal of attenuating the therapy and resolving the serious side effect.

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•Some of our product candidates are “dual-switch” GoCARs that are designed to provide a user-controlled system for managing proliferation, persistence and safety of tumor antigen-specific CAR cells by incorporating both our iMC and CaspaCIDe switches. We also have an active research effort to further develop and enhance these molecular switch approaches.

By incorporating our novel switch technologies, we are developing product candidates with the potential to elicit positive clinical outcomes and ultimately change the treatment paradigm in various areas of cellular immunotherapy. Our most advanced programs are described below.

•BPX-601 is an autologous GoCAR-T product candidate containing our proprietary iMC activation switch, designed to treat solid tumors expressing prostate stem cell antigen, or PSCA. We believe iMC enhances T cell proliferation and persistence, enhances host immune activity, and modulates the tumor microenvironment to improve the potential to treat solid tumors compared to traditional CAR-T therapies. A Phase 1/2 clinical trial, called BP-012, in patients with pancreatic cancer expressing PSCA is ongoing.

•BPX-603 is an autologous dual-switch GoCAR-T product candidate containing both the iMC activation and CaspaCIDe safety switches. BPX-603 is our first controllable dual-switch GoCAR-T product candidate and is designed to target solid tumors that express the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antigen, or HER2. We recently received clearance by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of our investigational new drug application (IND) for BPX-603and expect to initiate a Phase 1/2 clinical trial later this year.

•BCMA GoCAR-NK is our first off-the-shelf, allogeneic GoCAR program. The GoCAR-NK program targets B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) which is expressed by multiple myeloma cells. We recently initiated formal pre-clinical development activities for this program.

•Rivo-cel (rivogenlecleucel, formerly known as BPX-501), is a product candidate containing our proprietary CaspaCIDe safety switch that is intended to improve outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and inherited blood disorders. We are pursuing a strategic partner for rivo-cel to assume future development and commercialization responsibilities. Concurrently, we have reduced and expect to continue to reduce our rivo-cel related activities.

We have developed efficient and scalable processes to manufacture genetically modified T cells of high quality, which are currently being used to generate products for our clinical trials. We are developing comparable processes for the manufacture of genetically modified NK cells. We are leveraging this know how in combination with our proprietary cellular control technologies, resources, capabilities and expertise for the manufacture of CAR product candidates to create and develop first and best-in-class product candidates.

Impact of COVID-19

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, which causes COVID-19, was identified. Due to the rapid and global spread of the virus, on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. To slow the proliferation of COVID-19, governments have implemented extraordinary measures, which include the mandatory closure of businesses, restrictions on travel and gatherings, and quarantine and physical distancing requirements.

We have implemented measures designed to protect the health and safety of our workforce, including a mandatory work-from-home policy for employees who can perform their jobs offsite. We are continuing our essential research and laboratory activities on site, and we are taking a number of additional precautionary measures to protect employees on site. We believe that the measures we are implementing are appropriate and are helping to reduce transmission of COVID-19, and we will continue to monitor and comply with guidance from governmental authorities and adjust our activities as appropriate.

We are continuing to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth a summary of our statement of operations for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change		Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
(in thousands)	2020		2019				2020		2019
Revenues	$	—	$	1,391	$	(1,391)	$	—	$	1,907	$	(1,907)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	11,758		20,032		(8,274)		22,206		36,880		(14,674)
General and administrative	3,761		7,518		(3,757)		7,932		15,054		(7,122)
Total operating expenses	15,519		27,550		(12,031)		30,138		51,934		(21,796)
Gain on dispositions, net	(3,761)		—		(3,761)		(3,761)		—		(3,761)
Loss from operations	(11,758)		(26,159)		14,401		(26,377)		(50,027)		23,650
Other income (expense):
Interest income	28		311		(283)		382		721		(339)
Interest expense	(763)		(1,088)		325		(1,748)		(2,158)		410
Change in fair value of warrant and private placement option liabilities	(30,701)		—		(30,701)		2,125		—		2,125
Total other (expense) income	(31,436)		(777)		(30,659)		759		(1,437)		2,196
Net loss	$	(43,194)	$	(26,936)	$	(16,258)	$	(25,618)	$	(51,464)	$	25,846

Revenues

The decrease in revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same periods last year, was due to a $1.4 million and $1.9 million decrease in grant revenues, respectively, due to the termination of the CPRIT grant on January 31, 2020.

Research and Development Expenses (R&D)

The decrease in R&D expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period last year, was primarily due to reduced expenses related to reduced rivo-cel related activities, the sale of the manufacturing facility, and the reduction in force that was implemented during the second half of 2019, partially offset by an increase in expenses related to our GoCAR program. This resulted in a $3.3 million reduction in salaries, benefits, travel, and share-based compensation related charges and a $3.9 million reduction from general R&D expenses primarily due to lower clinical trial activities. Additionally, depreciation expense decreased $1.1 million due to the manufacturing facility and related laboratories and office space meeting the accounting standards criteria for assets held for sale, which was then disposed of in April 2020.

The decrease in R&D expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period last year, was primarily due to reduced expenses related to reduced rivo-cel related activities, the sale of the manufacturing facility, and the reduction in force that was implemented during the second half of 2019, partially offset by an increase in expenses related to our GoCAR program. This resulted in a $6.4 million reduction in salaries, benefits, travel, and share-based compensation related charges and a $6.1 million reduction from general R&D expenses primarily due to lower clinical trial activities. Additionally, depreciation expense decreased $2.2 million due to the manufacturing facility and related laboratories and office space meeting the accounting standards criteria for assets held for sale, which was then disposed of in April 2020.

General and Administrative Expenses (G&A)

The decrease in G&A expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period last year, was primarily due to the reduction in rivo-cel related commercialization activities that reduced charges by $3.4 million as well as the effects of the aforementioned reduction in force that reduced employee-related charges by $0.4 million.

The decrease in G&A expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period last year, was primarily due to the reduction in rivo-cel related commercialization activities that reduced charges by $6.3 million as well as the effects of the aforementioned reduction in force that reduced employee-related charges by $0.8 million.

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Gain on dispositions, net

The increase in gain on dispositions, net, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period last year, was primarily due to the disposal of the clinical supply manufacturing facility to M.D. Anderson.

Other Income (Expense)

Other expense primarily consists of interest expense, partially offset by interest income, and changes in fair values of our warrant liability and the private placement option, which are remeasured at each reporting period. Due to the nature of the inputs in the model used to assess the fair value of the warrant liability and private placement option, the Company may experience significant fluctuations at each reporting period. These fluctuations may be due to a variety of factors, including changes in our stock price and changes in stock price volatility over the remaining term of the warrants and options.

The increase in other expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period last year, was primarily due to a $30.7 million loss recognized from the change in fair value of our warrant and private placement option liabilities. The loss recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2020 was driven primarily by an increase in our stock price over the period.

The increase in other income for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to the same period last year, was primarily due to a $2.1 million gain recognized from the change in fair value of our warrant and private placement option liabilities. The gain recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2020 was driven primarily by a decrease in our stock price over the period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

As of June 30, 2020, we had cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of $68.0 million and net cash used in operations of approximately $30.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Our cash resources are primarily consumed by operating activities and we expect negative cash flows from operations to continue, for at least the next 12 months. Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, compensation and related expenses, third-party clinical research and development services, laboratory and related supplies, clinical costs, legal and other regulatory expenses, facility costs and general overhead costs. Based on our current research and development plans and our timing expectations related to the progress of our programs, we believe that our cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second half of 2021.

We plan to continue to attempt to obtain future financing and/or engage in strategic transactions, but we cannot predict, with certainty, the outcome of our actions to generate liquidity, including the availability of additional equity or debt financing, or whether such actions would generate the expected liquidity as currently planned. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken to slow its spread, the global credit and financial markets have experienced extreme volatility, including diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates and uncertainty about economic stability. There can be no assurance that further deterioration in credit and financial markets and confidence in economic conditions will not occur. If equity and credit markets deteriorate, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult to obtain, more costly and/or more dilutive.

On August 16, 2019, we entered into an underwritten public offering of 575,000 shares of our Series 1 Preferred Stock and warrants to purchase up to 5,750,000 shares of our common stock. Each share of Series 1 Preferred Stock was sold together with a warrant to purchase 10 shares of common stock at a combined price to the public of $100.00. The net proceeds to us were approximately $53.9 million, net of issuance costs, and excluding any proceeds that we may receive upon exercise of the warrants.

On August 16, 2019, we entered into a securities purchase agreement to which we agreed to issue in a private placement (i) 350,000 shares of our Series 2 Preferred Stock, at a purchase price of $100.00 per share, and related warrants to purchase up to 2,800,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, and (ii) 250,000 shares of our Series 3 Preferred Stock, at a purchase price of $140.00 per share, and related warrants to purchase up to 875,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $14.00 per share. The purchase and sale of the securities issuable under this agreement may occur in two or more separate closings, within five days’ notice to us. The Company received $11.2 million, net, in proceeds from the issuance of the private placement option.

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On January 17, 2020, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, as amended by the First Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement dated February 21, 2020, in connection with the sale of certain assets of the Company. Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to sell to M.D. Anderson certain assets and liabilities relating to the Company’s manufacturing facility and related laboratories and office space located at 2130 W. Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030. On April 14, 2020, the Company completed the Asset Sale. Upon closing of the Asset Sale, M.D. Anderson paid the Company an amount equal to $15.0 million, subject to certain escrow provisions and a reduction for prepayment of rent under an associated sublease agreement.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $30.5 million compared to $46.0 million for the same period last year. The changes in cash flow from operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 were due to $25.6 million of net losses, a non-cash gain of $3.8 million recognized on the disposition of assets and liabilities, a non-cash gain of $2.1 million recognized from the change in the derivative warrant and private placement option fair value liability and a $2.8 million decrease from changes in operating assets and liabilities. This was partially offset by $2.9 million of share-based compensation and $0.9 million of depreciation expense.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $14.7 million compared to $35.1 million for the same period last year. The changes in cash flow from investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 was due to $14.9 million net proceeds received from the sale of property and equipment, partially offset by $0.2 million for the purchases of equipment. Cash provided by investing activities for the same period last year was due to $35.7 million of proceeds from the sale of investment securities.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $10.0 million due to principal debt repayments compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $9.1 million for the same period last year primarily due to stock offering proceeds.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no material changes to the Company's critical accounting policies and use of estimates from those disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and use of estimates, refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company is subject to several recently issued accounting pronouncements. Note 1 – Organization, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – New Accounting Requirements and Disclosures which is contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, describes these new accounting pronouncements and is incorporated herein by reference.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the periods presented, we did not have, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks

There have been no material changes to the information provided under Item 7A. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" which is included and described in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Management’s Evaluation of our Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer, our Principal Financial Officer and our Principal Accounting Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of June 30, 2020. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its Principal Executive, Principal Financial and Principal Accounting Officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2020, our Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our latest fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The information set forth under the “Litigation” subheading in Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business and results of operations are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, as well as the other information in this report, and in our other public filings. The occurrence of any of the following risks could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or growth prospects or cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements we have made in this report and those we may make from time to time. You should consider all of the risk factors described when evaluating our business. We have marked with an asterisk (*) those risk factors that reflect additional risk factors since the issuance of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12, 2020, or our Annual Report.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We have incurred net losses from operations in every year since our inception and anticipate that we will continue to incur additional net losses in the future.

We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company, have no products approved for commercial sale and have incurred significant losses since our inception in 2004. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through equity and debt financings. As of June 30, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $558.6 million. We expect to continue to incur significant losses from operations for the foreseeable future, and we expect these accumulated losses to increase as we continue our research and development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our product candidates.

In addition, if we obtain regulatory approval of and seek to commercialize any of our product candidates, we will likely incur significant sales, marketing and manufacturing expenses and may continue to incur substantial research and development expenses for additional post-marketing approval development requirements related to such product.

We may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. The size of our future net losses will depend, in part, on the rate of future growth of our expenses and our ability to generate revenue. Our prior losses and expected future losses have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital.

We will require significant funding to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates. If we fail to obtain additional financing, we may have to delay, reduce or eliminate our development programs or commercialization efforts.

Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since our inception. We expect to continue to spend substantial amounts to continue the preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates and other research and development programs.

As of June 30, 2020, we had cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents of approximately $68.0 million. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents with high quality, accredited financial institutions. These amounts at times may exceed federally insured limits. Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents are expected to be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second half of 2021.

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We expect to finance future cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, strategic partnerships and alliances or licensing arrangements. We cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to rapidly evolve and has already resulted in a significant disruption of global financial markets. Our ability to raise additional capital may be adversely impacted by potential worsening global economic conditions and the recent disruptions to, and volatility in, the credit and financial markets in the U.S. and worldwide resulting from the pandemic. If the disruption persists and deepens, we could experience an inability to access additional capital, which could in the future negatively affect our capacity to fund research and development programs, including discovery research, preclinical and clinical development activities. Subject to limited exceptions, our loan agreement with Oxford Finance prohibits us from incurring indebtedness without the prior written consent of Oxford. In addition, the securities purchase agreement for our August 2019 private placement transaction requires us to obtain investor consent prior to taking a range of corporate financing actions, including issuing equity securities that are senior or pari passu to the Series 3 preferred stock and incurring new debt in excess of $1,000,000. If we are unable to raise additional capital in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, we will need to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development or commercialization of our product candidates. We also could be required to:

•seek collaborators for one or more of our current or future product candidates on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available;

•relinquish or license on unfavorable terms our rights to technologies or product candidates that we otherwise would seek to develop or commercialize ourselves; or

•seek a third party to acquire us or our assets.

Any of the above events could significantly harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations and cause the price of our common shares to decline. In the event that sufficient additional funds are not obtained through public or private equity offerings, debt financings, strategic partnerships and/or alliances or licensing arrangements on a timely basis, we may be required to reduce expenses through the delay, reduction or curtailment of our development programs, or further reduction of costs for facilities and administration. Moreover, if we do not obtain such additional funds, there could be substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and increased risk of insolvency and up to total loss of investment to our stockholders and other security holders.

The FDA and other regulatory authorities may disagree with our regulatory plans and we may fail to obtain regulatory approval of our product candidates.

Our business and future success depends, in part, on our ability to obtain regulatory authority assent to conduct human clinical trials, obtain regulatory approval to launch a product based on evidence of clinical safety and efficacy and then successfully commercialize our clinical product candidates. All of our product candidates will require additional clinical and non-clinical development, regulatory review and approval in multiple jurisdictions, substantial investment, and access to sufficient commercial manufacturing capacity and significant marketing efforts before we can expect to generate any revenue from product sales.

Our product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval for many reasons, including the following:

•The FDA or comparable regulatory authority or an Institutional Review Board or comparable ethics oversight body may decline to clear the applicable Investigational New Drug Application (IND) or equivalent regulatory submission necessary to conduct human clinical trials;

•we may be unable to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities that our product candidates have the necessary safety, purity, and potency for any of their proposed indications;

•the results of clinical trials may not meet the level of statistical significance required by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities for approval;

•we may be unable to demonstrate that our product candidates’ clinical and other benefits outweigh their safety risks;

•we may encounter serious and unexpected adverse events during clinical trials that render our products unsafe for use in humans;

•the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with our interpretation of data from preclinical studies or clinical trials;

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•the data collected from clinical trials of our product candidates may not be sufficient to the satisfaction of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities to support the submission of a BLA or other comparable submission in foreign jurisdictions or to obtain regulatory approval in Europe, the U.S. or elsewhere;

•the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may fail to approve our manufacturing processes and/or facilities of third-party manufacturers with which we contract for clinical and commercial supplies; and

•the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering our clinical data insufficient for approval.

Biopharmaceutical product development is a highly speculative undertaking and involves a substantial degree of uncertainty. We have never generated any revenue from product sales and may never be profitable.

We have devoted substantially all of our financial resources and efforts to developing our proprietary CID technology platform, identifying potential product candidates and conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials. We are in the early stages of developing our product candidates, and we have not completed development of any products. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability depends in large part on our ability, alone or with partners, to successfully complete the development of, obtain the necessary regulatory approvals for, and commercialize, product candidates. We do not anticipate generating revenues from sales of products for the foreseeable future. Our ability to generate future revenues from product sales depends heavily on our success in:

•completing requisite clinical trials through all phases of clinical development of our current product candidates;

•seeking and obtaining marketing approvals for product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials, if any;

•launching and commercializing product candidates for which we obtain marketing approval, if any, with a partner or, if launched independently, successfully establishing a sales force, marketing and distribution infrastructure;

•identifying and developing new product candidates;

•progressing our pre-clinical programs into human clinical trials;

•establishing and maintaining supply and manufacturing relationships with third parties;

•developing new molecular switches based on our proprietary CID technology platform;

•maintaining, protecting, expanding and enforcing our intellectual property; and

•attracting, hiring and retaining qualified personnel.

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with biologic product development, we are unable to predict the likelihood or timing for when we may receive regulatory approval of any of our current or future product candidates or when we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability, if ever. If we do not receive regulatory approvals, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected. Even if we obtain the regulatory approvals to market and sell one or more of our product candidates, we may never generate significant revenues from any commercial sales for several reasons, including because the market for our products may be smaller than we anticipate, or products may not be adopted by physicians and payors or because our products may not be as efficacious or safe as other treatment options. If we fail to successfully commercialize one or more products, we may be unable to generate sufficient revenues to sustain and grow our business and our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected. In addition, our expenses could increase beyond expectations if we are required by the FDA, or foreign regulatory agencies, to perform studies and clinical trials in addition to those that we currently anticipate for our product candidates, or if there are any delays in our or our partners completing clinical trials or the development of any of our product candidates. Further, if one or more of the product candidates that we independently develop is approved for commercial sale, we expect to incur significant costs associated with commercializing any such product candidates. Finally, even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.

Our CID technology is novel and largely unproven.

Our proprietary CID technology platform is novel and there are no approved products or third-party product candidates in late-stage clinical trials based on this technology. Additionally, the safety and efficacy profile of rimiducid has not been subject to large scale clinical testing. If rimiducid is found to have a poor safety profile in clinical trials, or if our technology is not effective, we may be required to redesign all of our product candidates, which would require significant time and expense. In addition, our CID platform technology may not be applicable or effective in the development of additional cellular immunotherapies beyond our current programs which would adversely affect our business and prospects.

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Cell therapies are novel and present significant challenges.

CAR-T and other cell therapy product candidates represent a relatively new field of cellular immunotherapy. Advancing this novel and personalized therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:

•obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of cell therapies for cancer;

•sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;

•developing a consistent and reliable process, while limiting contamination risks, for engineering and manufacturing T cells and other immune cell types ex vivo and infusing the engineered cells into the patient;

•educating medical personnel regarding the potential safety benefits, as well as the challenges, of incorporating our product candidates into their treatment regimens;

•establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy; and

•the availability of coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party payors for our novel and personalized therapy.

Our inability to successfully develop CAR T and other cell therapies or develop processes related to the manufacture or commercialization of these therapies would adversely affect our business, results of operations and prospects.

Our clinical trials may fail to adequately demonstrate the safety and efficacy of any of our product candidates, which would prevent or delay regulatory approval and commercialization.

Clinical testing is expensive, takes many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial process and our product candidates are subject to the risks of failure inherent in biologic drug development. Success in early clinical trials does not mean that later clinical trials will be successful because product candidates in later-stage clinical trials may fail to demonstrate sufficient safety or efficacy despite having progressed through initial clinical testing, even at statistically significant levels. We will be required to demonstrate through clinical trials that our product candidates are safe and effective for use in the target indication before we can obtain regulatory approvals for commercial sale. Companies frequently suffer significant setbacks in late-stage clinical trials, even after earlier clinical trials have shown promising results and most product candidates that commence clinical trials are never approved as products. We expect there may be greater variability in results for cellular immunotherapy products processed and administered on a patient-by-patient basis like some of our CID technology-based development and product candidates than for “off-the-shelf” products, like many drugs.

If any of our product candidates fail to demonstrate sufficient safety or efficacy, we would experience potentially significant delays in, or be required to abandon our development of the product candidate, which would have a material and adverse impact on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Many of our current product candidates are in pre-clinical or early stage clinical trials, and we may experience unfavorable results in the future.

A Phase 1 clinical trial is ongoing for BPX-601 for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We have not initiated clinical trials for any additional preclinical CAR-T or CAR-NK product candidates and we may not be able to commence clinical trials in the time frames we expect. As these product candidates are in early stages of development, we face significant uncertainty regarding how effective and safe they will be in human patients and the results from preclinical studies, such as in vitro and in vivo studies, of BPX-601 and our other preclinical programs may not be indicative of the results of clinical trials of these product candidates. Preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses, and many companies that have believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtain marketing approval for their products.

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Even if clinical trials are successfully completed, the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities may not interpret the results as we do, and more clinical trials could be required before we submit our product candidates for approval. To the extent that the results of our clinical trials are not satisfactory to the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities for support of a marketing application, approval of our product candidates may be significantly delayed, or we may be required to expend significant additional resources, which may not be available to us, to conduct additional clinical trials in support of potential approval of our product candidates.

We may not be successful in our efforts to use and expand our CID platform to build a pipeline of product candidates and develop marketable products.

We believe that our CID platform, which serves as the foundation of our CaspaCIDe and GoCAR technologies, can be further leveraged to discover other novel technologies, therapeutic applications and market opportunities. For example, we are developing new molecular switches and dual-switch systems to provide greater control over cellular immunotherapy. We are at an early stage of development and our platform has not yet, and may never lead to, approved or marketable products. Even if we are successful in continuing to build our pipeline, the potential product candidates that we identify may not be suitable for clinical development, including for reasons related to their harmful side effects, limited efficacy or other characteristics that indicate that they are unlikely to be products that will receive marketing approval and achieve market acceptance. If we do not successfully develop and commercialize product candidates based upon our technological approach, we may not be able to obtain product or partnership revenues in future periods, which would adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely and will continue to rely on third parties to conduct our clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval of or commercialize our product candidates.

We depend and will continue to depend upon independent investigators and collaborators, such as universities, medical institutions, and strategic partners to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under agreements with us. Negotiations of budgets and contracts with study sites may result in delays to our development timelines and increased costs. We will rely heavily on these third parties over the course of our clinical trials, and we control only certain aspects of their activities. Nevertheless, we are responsible for ensuring that each of our studies is conducted in accordance with applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards, and our reliance on third parties does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. We and these third parties are required to comply with good clinical practices, or GCPs, which are regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities for product candidates in clinical development. Regulatory authorities enforce these GCPs through periodic inspections of clinical trial sponsors, principal investigators and clinical trial sites. If we or any of these third parties fail to comply with applicable GCP regulations, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities could require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving our marketing applications. It is possible that, upon inspection, such regulatory authorities could determine that any of our clinical trials fail to comply with the GCP regulations. In addition, our clinical trials must be conducted with biologic product produced under current good manufacturing practices, or cGMPs, and will require a large number of test patients. Our failure or any failure by these third parties to comply with these regulations or to recruit a sufficient number of patients may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process. Moreover, our business may be implicated if any of these third parties violates federal or state fraud and abuse or false claims laws and regulations or healthcare privacy and security laws.

Any third parties conducting our clinical trials are and will not be our employees and, except for remedies available to us under our agreements with these third parties, we cannot control whether they devote sufficient time and resources to our ongoing preclinical, clinical and nonclinical programs. These third parties may also have relationships with other commercial entities, including our competitors, for whom they may also be conducting clinical trials or other drug development activities, which could affect their performance on our behalf. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, if they need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may not be able to complete development of, obtain regulatory approval of or successfully commercialize our product candidates. As a result, our financial results and the commercial prospects for our product candidates would be harmed, our costs could increase and our ability to generate revenue could be delayed.

Switching or adding third parties to conduct our clinical trials involves substantial cost and requires extensive management time and focus. In addition, there is a natural transition period when a new third party commences work. As a result, delays occur, which can materially impact our ability to meet our desired clinical development timelines.

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Also, we are conducting clinical trials in Europe and may plan additional testing of our technology and product candidates in other foreign jurisdictions. We currently have limited staffing and capabilities in foreign countries and may not be able to effectively resolve potential disputes with our independent investigators and collaborators.

Our business could be adversely affected by the effects of health epidemics, including the recent COVID-19 outbreak, in regions where we or third parties on which we rely have distribution centers, concentrations of suppliers and sales and marketing teams or other business operations. The COVID-19 pandemic could materially affect our operations globally, including at our corporate headquarters in Houston, Texas and our offices in South San Francisco, California, which are currently subject to the statewide “stay-at-home” orders issued by the Governor of the State of Texas and the Governor of the State of California, respectively, as well as the business or operations of our research partners, customers and other third parties with whom we conduct business.*

Our business could be adversely affected by health epidemics in regions in which we have operations or conduct research activities or clinical trials. Such health epidemics could also affect the business or operations of contract manufacturers, raw material suppliers, clinical trial sites, and other third parties with whom we conduct business.

For example, in December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing a disease referred to as COVID-19, was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. Since then, COVID-19 has spread to multiple countries, including the United States and several European countries. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic, and the U.S. government imposed restrictions on travel between the United States, Europe and certain other countries. Further, the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 pandemic a national emergency, invoking powers under the Stafford Act, the legislation that directs federal emergency disaster response.

In response to public health directives and orders, we have implemented work-from-home policies for certain employees and temporarily modified our research operations to comply with applicable social distancing recommendations. The effects of government stay-at-home orders and our related adjustments in our business is likely to negatively impact productivity, disrupt our business and delay our timelines, the magnitude of which will depend, in part, on the length and severity of the restrictions and other limitations on our ability to conduct our business in the ordinary course.

Severe and/or long-term disruptions in our operations will negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition. Specifically, we anticipate that the stress of COVID-19 on healthcare systems around the globe may negatively impact our ability to conduct clinical trials in the near term due primarily to the lack of resources at clinical trial sites and the resulting inability to enroll patients in the trials. If patients drop out of our trials, miss scheduled doses or follow-up visits, be unable to undergo specific study procedures such as biopsies, or otherwise fail to follow trial protocols, or if our trials are otherwise disrupted due to COVID-19 or actions taken to slow its spread, the integrity of data from our trials may be compromised or not accepted by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, which would represent a significant setback for the applicable program. To date, we have experienced COVID-19-related impacts on screening and enrollment which may impact the speed of enrollment and the timing of data presentations from our ongoing studies. More significant disruptions may occur if the pandemic worsens in the geographies in which our study sites or manufacturing facilities are located. In addition, quarantines, stay-at-home, executive and similar government orders, or the perception that such orders, shutdowns or other restrictions on the conduct of business operations could occur, impact personnel at third-party manufacturing facilities in the United States and other countries, or the availability or cost of materials, which would disrupt our supply chain. In fact, in April 2020 M.D. Anderson informed the Company of its decision to temporarily halt all research activity in order to reduce the spread and impact of COVID-19 on their institution and their patients and this includes temporarily suspending activity in the manufacturing facility in which the product candidates for our clinical development programs are manufactured. M.D. Anderson subsequently restarted manufacturing but if the pandemic worsens and they again suspend research activities, we may be unable to enroll patients in our ongoing and planned clinical trials until manufacturing resumes at the facility.

The spread of COVID-19, which has caused a broad impact globally, may materially affect us economically. While the potential economic impact brought by, and the duration of, COVID-19 may be difficult to assess or predict, it has significantly disrupted global financial markets, and may limit our ability to access capital, which could in the future negatively affect our liquidity. A recession or market correction resulting from the spread of COVID-19 could materially affect our business and the value of our common stock.

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In addition, the outbreak has severely restricted the level of economic activity in affected areas and may adversely impact demand for, and sales of, our products and services, particularly in Europe and Asia. Further, restrictions on our ability to travel, stay-at-home orders and other similar restrictions on our business have limited our ability to support our global and domestic operations, including providing installation and training and customer service, resulting in disruptions in our sales and marketing efforts and negative impacts on our commercial strategy.

The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 outbreak or a similar health epidemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. We do not yet know the full extent of potential delays or impacts on our business, our clinical trials, healthcare systems or the global economy as a whole. However, the effects could have a material impact on our operations, and we will continue to monitor the COVID-19 situation closely. In addition, to the extent the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak adversely affects our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section.

If we encounter difficulties enrolling patients in our clinical trials, our clinical development activities could be delayed or otherwise adversely affected.

We may experience difficulties in patient enrollment in our clinical trials for a variety of reasons. The timely completion of clinical trials in accordance with their protocols depends, among other things, on our ability to enroll a sufficient number of patients who remain in the study until its conclusion. The enrollment of patients depends on many factors, including:

•the patient eligibility criteria defined in the protocol;

•the size of the patient population required for analysis of the trial’s primary endpoints;

•the proximity of patients to study sites;

•the design of the clinical trial;

•our ability to recruit clinical trial investigators with the appropriate competencies and experience;

•our ability to obtain and maintain patient consents;

•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic;

•the risk that patients enrolled in clinical trials will drop out of the clinical trials before completion; and

•competing clinical trials and approved therapies available for patients.

In particular, some of our clinical trials will look to enroll patients with characteristics, which are found in a very small population, for example, patients with rare cancers with specific attributes that are targeted with our product candidates. Our clinical trials will compete with other companies' clinical trials for product candidates that are in the same therapeutic areas as our product candidates, and this competition will reduce the number and types of patients available to us, because some patients who might have opted to enroll in our clinical trials may instead opt to enroll in a trial being conducted by one of our competitors. Since the number of qualified clinical investigators is limited, we expect to conduct some of our clinical trials at the same clinical trial sites that some of our competitors use, which will reduce the number of patients who are available for our clinical trials in these clinical trial sites. Moreover, because our product candidates represent a departure from more commonly used methods for cancer treatment, potential patients and their doctors may be inclined to use conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy and antibody therapy, rather than enroll patients in any of our future clinical trials. Patients may also be unwilling to participate in our clinical trials because of negative publicity from adverse events in the biotechnology or gene therapy industries.

Delays in patient enrollment may result in increased costs or may affect the timing or outcome of the planned clinical trials, which could prevent completion of these clinical trials and adversely affect our ability to advance the development of our product candidates.

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Any adverse developments that occur during any clinical trials conducted by academic investigators, our collaborators or other entities conducting clinical trials under independent INDs may affect our ability to obtain regulatory approval or commercialize our product candidates.

Rimiducid and CaspaCIDe-containing cell therapy constructs are being used by third parties in clinical trials for which we are collaborating or in clinical trials which are completely independent of our development programs. We have little to no control over the conduct of those clinical trials. If serious adverse events occur during these or any other clinical trials using our product candidates, the FDA and other regulatory authorities may delay, limit or deny approval of our product candidate or require us to conduct additional clinical trials as a condition to marketing approval, which would increase our costs. If we receive regulatory approval for any product candidate and a new and serious safety issue is identified in clinical trials conducted by third parties, the applicable regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the product or otherwise restrict our ability to market and sell our product. In addition, treating physicians may be less willing to administer our product due to concerns over such adverse events, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product.

Adverse side effects or other safety risks associated with our product candidates could delay or preclude approval, cause us to suspend or discontinue clinical trials, abandon product candidates, limit the commercial profile of an approved label, or result in significant negative consequences following marketing approval, if any.

Adoptive cell therapy with autologous and allogeneic T cells and NK cells is associated with a range of potentially severe immune-mediated adverse effects. In third party clinical trials involving CAR-T cells, the most prominent acute toxicities included symptoms thought to be associated with the release of cytokines, such as fever, low blood pressure and kidney dysfunction. Some patients also experienced toxicity of the central nervous system, such as confusion, cranial nerve dysfunction and speech impairment. Adverse side effects attributed to CAR-T cells were severe and life-threatening in some patients. The life-threatening events were related to kidney dysfunction and toxicities of the central nervous system. Severe and life-threatening toxicities occurred primarily in the first two weeks after cell infusion and generally resolved within three weeks. In the past, several patients have also died in clinical trials by others involving CAR-T cells. To date, CAR-NK cells have been associated with a lower frequency of cytokine release and fewer adverse events overall compared to CAR-T cells. However, efforts to increase the potency and proliferation of therapeutic NK cells may result in an increased risk of such reactions. In addition, genetic modifications to NK cells, such as the enablement of endogenous IL-15 production of may result in unanticipated toxicities.

Undesirable side effects observed in our clinical trials, whether or not they are caused by our product candidates, could result in the delay, suspension or termination of clinical trials by us, the FDA or other regulatory authorities for a number of reasons. In addition, because the patients in our clinical trials are suffering from life-threatening diseases, are often suffering from multiple complicating conditions and, in the case of transplant patients, are in a position of extreme immune deficiency at the time that they receive our therapy, it may be difficult to accurately assess the relationship between our product candidates and adverse events experienced by very ill patients. If we elect or are required to delay, suspend or terminate any clinical trial of any product candidates that we develop, the commercial prospects of such product candidates will be harmed and our ability to generate product revenues from any of these product candidates will be delayed or eliminated. Serious adverse events observed in clinical trials could hinder or prevent market acceptance of the product candidate at issue. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations significantly.

Clinical trials are expensive, time-consuming and difficult to design and implement.

Human clinical trials are expensive and difficult to design and implement, in part because they are subject to rigorous regulatory requirements. Because our product candidates are based on relatively new technology, we expect that they will require extensive research and development and have substantial manufacturing and processing costs. Our off-the shelf, allogeneic product candidates are also difficult to manufacture due to complexities associated with screening and selection of healthy donors, T cell and NK cell expansion and banking, and cryopreservation for shipping and storage. Costs to treat patients with relapsed/refractory cancer and to treat potential side effects that may result from therapies such as our current and future product candidates can be significant. Accordingly, our clinical trial costs are likely to be significantly higher than for more conventional therapeutic technologies or drug products. In addition, our proposed product candidates involve several complex and costly manufacturing and processing steps, the costs of which will be borne by us. The costs of our clinical trials may increase if the FDA does not agree with our clinical development plans or requires us to conduct additional clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidates.

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We face significant competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, and our operating results will suffer if we fail to compete effectively.

The biopharmaceutical industry is characterized by intense competition and rapid innovation. Our competitors may be able to develop other compounds or drugs that are able to achieve similar or better results. Our potential competitors include major multinational pharmaceutical companies, established biotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and universities and other research institutions. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources, such as larger research and development staff and experienced marketing and manufacturing organizations and well-established sales forces. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large, established companies. Mergers and acquisitions in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries may result in even more resources being concentrated in our competitors. Competition may increase further as a result of advances in the commercial applicability of technologies and greater availability of capital for investment in these industries. Our competitors, either alone or with collaborative partners, may succeed in developing, acquiring or licensing on an exclusive basis drug or biologic products that are more effective, safer, more easily commercialized or less costly than our product candidates or may develop proprietary technologies or secure patent protection that we may need for the development of our technologies and products. We believe the key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, convenience of use, price and reimbursement.

Specifically, genetically engineering T cells and NK cells faces significant competition from multiple companies, including, Adaptimmune, Allogene Therapeutics, Inc., Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc., Autolus Therapeutics plc, bluebird bio, Inc., Bristol-Meyer Squibb Co., Cellectis SA, Celyad S.A., Fate Therapeutics Inc., GlaxoSmithKline plc, Intrexon Corporation, Immune Design Corp., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceutical, Kiadis Pharma B.V., Kuur Therapeutics, Legend Biotech, Lyell Immunopharma, Inc., Medigene AG, MolMed S.p.A., Mustang Bio, Inc., NantKwest, Inc., Nkarta Inc., Novartis AG, Obsidian Therapeutics, Poseida Therapeutics, Precision Biosciences, Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co, Unum Therapeutics, and Ziopharm Oncology.

Even if we obtain regulatory approval of our product candidates, the availability and price of our competitors’ products could limit the demand and the price we are able to charge for our product candidates. We may not be able to implement our business plan if the acceptance of our product candidates is inhibited by price competition or the reluctance of physicians to switch from existing methods of treatment to our product candidates, or if physicians switch to other new drug or biologic products or choose to reserve our product candidates for use in limited circumstances. For additional information regarding our competition, see “Item 1. Business Competition” under Part I of our Annual Report.

We are highly dependent on our key personnel, and if we are not successful in attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel, we may not be able to successfully implement our business strategy.

Our ability to compete in the highly competitive biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries depends upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified managerial, scientific and medical personnel. We are highly dependent on our management, scientific and medical personnel. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers, other key employees, and other scientific and medical advisors, and our inability to find suitable replacements could result in delays in product development and harm our business.

To induce valuable employees to remain at our company, in addition to salary and cash incentives, we have provided stock options and restricted stock units, or RSUs, that vest over time. The value to employees of stock options and RSUs that vest over time may be significantly affected by movements in our stock price that are beyond our control and may at any time be insufficient to counteract more lucrative offers from other companies. Despite our efforts to retain valuable employees, members of our management, scientific and development teams may terminate their employment with us on short notice. Although we have employment agreements with our key employees, these employment agreements provide for at-will employment, which means that any of our employees could leave our employment at any time, with or without notice. We do not maintain “key man” insurance policies on the lives of these individuals or the lives of any of our other employees. Our success also depends on our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled scientific and medical personnel.

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The terms of our debt facility place restrictions on our operating and financial flexibility, and failure to comply with covenants or to satisfy certain conditions of the agreement governing the debt facility may result in acceleration of our repayment obligations and foreclosure on our pledged assets, which could significantly harm our liquidity, financial condition, operating results, business and prospects and cause the price of our common stock to decline.

In December 2017, we entered into a loan and security agreement, or the Loan Agreement, with Oxford Finance LLC, or Oxford, that is secured by a lien covering substantially all of our assets, excluding intellectual property, but including proceeds from the sale, license, or disposition of our intellectual property, under which we originally borrowed $35.0 million. The Loan Agreement was amended in December 2019 and again in March 2020, in connection with our proposed sale to The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, or M.D. Anderson, of certain assets and liabilities relating to our biomanufacturing facility and related laboratories and office space located at 2130 W. Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, or the Asset Sale. Upon execution of the Second Amendment to the Loan Agreement we granted Oxford a security interest in our intellectual property. On April 14, 2020, we completed the Asset Sale. Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, as amended, the closing of the Asset Sale triggered our obligation to provide partial repayment to Oxford of approximately $7.0 million.

The Loan Agreement, as amended, governing the debt facility requires us to comply with a number of covenants (affirmative and negative), including restrictive covenants that limit our ability to: incur additional indebtedness; encumber the collateral securing the loan; acquire, own or make investments; repurchase or redeem any class of stock or other equity interest; declare or pay any cash dividend or make a cash distribution on any class of stock or other equity interest; transfer a material portion of our assets; acquire other businesses; and merge or consolidate with or into any other organization or otherwise suffer a change in control, in each case subject to exceptions. In addition, subject to limited exceptions, Oxford could declare an event of default upon the occurrence of any event that it interprets as having a material adverse effect upon our business, operations, properties, assets, or financial condition or upon our ability to perform or pay the secured obligations under the Loan Agreement or upon the collateral or Oxford’s liens on the collateral under the agreement, thereby requiring us to repay the loan immediately, together with a prepayment charge of up to 3% of the then outstanding principal balance and an end-of-term charge. Although, in and of itself, the occurrence of adverse results or delays in any clinical study or the denial, delay or limitation of approval of or taking of any other regulatory action by the FDA or another governmental entity will not constitute a material adverse effect under the Loan Agreement, Oxford may determine that such an event together with contemporaneous events or circumstances constitutes a material adverse effect upon our business, operations, properties, assets, or financial condition or upon our ability to perform or pay the secured obligations under the Loan Agreement. If we default under the facility, Oxford may accelerate all of our repayment obligations and, if we are unable to access funds to meet those obligations or to renegotiate our agreement, Oxford could take control of our pledged assets and we could immediately cease operations. If we were to renegotiate our agreement under such circumstances, the terms may be significantly less favorable to us. If we were liquidated, Oxford’s right to repayment would be senior to the rights of our stockholders to receive any proceeds from the liquidation. Any declaration by Oxford of an event of default could significantly harm our liquidity, financial condition, operating results, business, and prospects and cause the price of our common stock to decline.

We may incur additional indebtedness in the future. The debt instruments governing such indebtedness may contain provisions that are as, or more, restrictive than the provisions governing our existing indebtedness under the Loan Agreement with Oxford. If we are unable to repay, refinance or restructure our indebtedness when payment is due, the lenders could proceed against the collateral or force us into bankruptcy or liquidation.

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The terms of our 2019 private placement of equity restrict our operating and financial flexibility, and give priority to certain investors, both of which could significantly harm our liquidity, financial condition, operating results, business and prospects and cause the price of our common stock to decline.

In August 2019, we completed an underwritten public offering of 575,000 shares of its Series 1 preferred stock and warrants to purchase up to 5,750,000 shares of its common stock. Concurrent with the public offering we entered into an agreement with certain institutional investors providing for a private placement, pursuant to which we agreed to sell at two or more separate closings, each at the option of the investors and subject to certain conditions, shares of Series 2 preferred stock and warrants to purchase common stock, and shares of Series 3 preferred stock and warrants to purchase common stock, for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $70.0 million. Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase agreement for the private placement transaction, the investors in the private placement transaction have consent rights over certain significant matters of our business. These include decisions to authorize or issue equity securities that are senior or pari passu to the Series 3 preferred stock with respect to liquidation preference, the incurrence of indebtedness in excess of $1,000,000, the sale or license of certain of our technology and the payment of dividends. As a result, these stockholders, acting together, will have significant influence over certain matters affecting our business. The investors in the private placement may not exercise their rights to purchase additional tranches of preferred stock and may not consent to us seeking additional funds through debt or other equity financings. In addition, possible additional investors in the Company may decline to do so because of the preferential rights granted under the private placement agreement. Each of these factors could negatively impact our liquidity, financial condition, operating results, business and prospects and cause the price of our common stock to decline.

We recently announced the closing of the sale of our U.S. manufacturing facility to M.D. Anderson and we are now reliant on a third party to manufacture our clinical product candidates and may not be able to secure adequate manufacturing capacity.

In April 2020, we announced the closing of the sale of our U.S. manufacturing facility to M.D. Anderson. When M.D. Anderson assumed ownership of the facility, we became reliant on M.D. Anderson to supply our current clinical product candidates. We have endeavored to structure the transaction in a manner that ensures availability of adequate capacity and priority access thereto for the continued clinical development of our product candidates. Given the complexity of the manufacturing processes for cellular therapies, M.D. Anderson may be unable to effectively manufacture or release our products in accordance with applicable cGMP standards, which could result in significant costs or delays to our programs.

We need to oversee manufacturing of a complex supply chain of cellular therapy product candidates, viral vectors and small molecule drugs.

Because of the complex nature of our cell therapy products, we need to oversee the manufacture of multiple components that require a diverse knowledge base and appropriate manufacturing personnel. The supply chain for these components is separate and distinct, and no single manufacturer can supply more than one component of each of our products. Additionally, it is likely that the cell therapy products will need to be made within an appropriate geographic location for the area in which the products will be utilized, so one cell therapy manufacturing facility may not be able to supply diverse geographic areas. Any lack of capabilities to store, freeze, thaw and infuse our cell therapies would adversely affect our business and prospects.

Our autologous GoCAR-T product candidates, including BPX-601 and BPX-603 are manufactured on a patient-by-patient basis using each patient’s own cells. Efficient manufacturing of these products relies upon our ability to sufficiently expand and activate the cells of patients who have undergone multiple lines of prior therapy, often including immunosuppressive chemotherapy. Our allogeneic product candidates, including our off-the-shelf BCMA-NK cell construct, are also difficult to manufacture due to complexities associated with screening and selection of healthy donors, T cell and NK cell expansion and banking, and cryopreservation for shipping and storage. NK cells do not expand as well as T cells ex-vivo or in-vivo and it has been necessary to develop novel manufacturing methods and cellular modifications to improve proliferation. We have relatively little experience with this novel technology, and it is uncertain whether it will allow us to manufacture sufficient quantity and quality of targeted NK cells to conduct the necessary non-clinical and clinical trials. Rimiducid, the small molecule drug used to activate both our iMC and iC9 switches, is a complex molecule to synthesize and is relatively insoluble and lipophilic, rendering it difficult to formulate. We have limited internal expertise in small molecule drug development and manufacturing, and we have identified specialty contract manufacturers to produce the rimiducid drug substance and drug product. It is uncertain whether the drug substance and drug product manufacturers will be able to manufacture sufficient quantity and quality of rimiducid to conduct the necessary non-clinical and clinical trials.

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We have not yet caused our product candidates to be manufactured or processed on a commercial scale. We may not be able to scale patient-by-patient manufacturing and processing to satisfy clinical or commercial demands for any of our product candidates. In addition, our anticipated reliance on a limited number of third-party manufacturers for manufacturing exposes us to the following risks:

•We may be unable to identify manufacturers on acceptable terms or at all because the number of potential manufacturers is limited, and any replacement contractor must be approved by regulatory authorities. This approval would require new testing and compliance inspections. In addition, a new manufacturer would have to be educated in, or develop substantially equivalent processes for, production of our products after receipt of regulatory approval, if any.

•Our third-party manufacturers might be unable to timely formulate and manufacture our product or produce the quantity and quality required to meet our clinical and commercial needs, if any.

•Our future contract manufacturers may not perform as agreed or may not remain in the contract manufacturing business for the time required to supply our clinical trials or to successfully produce, store and distribute our products.

•Manufacturers are subject to ongoing periodic unannounced inspection by regulatory agencies to ensure strict compliance with cGMP and other government regulations and standards. We do not have control over third-party manufacturers’ compliance with these regulations and standards.

•We may not own, or may have to share, the intellectual property rights to any improvements made by our third-party manufacturers in the manufacturing process for our products.

•Our third-party manufacturers could breach or terminate their agreement with us.

Each of these risks could delay our clinical trials, the approval, if any of our product candidates or the commercialization of our product candidates or result in higher costs or deprive us of potential product revenue. In addition, we will rely on third parties to perform release tests on our product candidates prior to delivery to patients. If these tests are not appropriately done and test data are not reliable, patients could be put at risk of serious harm.

We have limited information available regarding the ultimate cost of our products, and cannot estimate what the cost of our products will be upon commercialization, should that occur.

We do not yet have sufficient information to reliably estimate the cost of the commercial manufacturing and processing of our product candidates, and the actual cost to manufacture and process our product candidates could materially and adversely affect the commercial viability of our product candidates. As a result, we may never be able to develop a commercially viable product. Because of the patient-specific nature of our manufacturing process, it is not amenable to traditional “scale up” to manufacture larger lots as is performed for traditional drugs and biological agents.

Cell-based therapies rely on the availability of specialty raw materials, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all.

Gene-modified cell therapy manufacture requires many specialty raw materials, some of which are manufactured by small companies with limited resources and experience to support a commercial product. Some suppliers typically support biomedical researchers or blood-based hospital businesses and may not have the capacity to support commercial products manufactured under cGMP by biopharmaceutical firms. The suppliers may be ill-equipped to support our needs, especially in non-routine circumstances like an FDA inspection or medical crisis, such as widespread contamination. We also do not have commercial supply arrangements with many of these suppliers and may not be able to contract with them on acceptable terms or at all. Accordingly, we may experience delays in receiving key raw materials to support clinical or commercial manufacturing.

In addition, some raw materials are currently available from a single supplier, or a small number of suppliers. We cannot be sure that these suppliers will remain in business, or that they will not be purchased by one of our competitors or another company that is not interested in continuing to produce these materials for our intended purpose.

A variety of risks associated with marketing our product candidates internationally could materially adversely affect our business.

We may seek regulatory approval of our product candidates outside of the U.S. and, accordingly, we will be subject to additional risks related to operating in foreign countries if we obtain the necessary approvals, including:

•differing regulatory requirements in foreign countries;

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•unexpected changes in tariffs, trade barriers, price and exchange controls and other regulatory requirements;

•economic weakness, including inflation, or political instability in particular foreign economies and markets;

•compliance with tax, employment, immigration and labor laws for employees living or traveling abroad;

•foreign taxes, including withholding of payroll taxes;

•foreign currency fluctuations, which could result in increased operating expenses and reduced revenue, and other obligations incident to doing business in another country;

•difficulties staffing and managing foreign operations;

•workforce uncertainty in countries where labor unrest is more common than in the U.S.;

•potential liability under the FCPA or comparable foreign regulations;

•challenges enforcing our contractual and intellectual property rights, especially in those foreign countries that do not respect and protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the U.S.;

•production shortages resulting from any events affecting raw material supply or manufacturing capabilities abroad;

•differing payor reimbursement regimes, governmental payors or patient self-pay systems and price controls; and

•business interruptions resulting from geo-political actions, including war and terrorism.

These and other risks associated with our international operations may materially adversely affect our ability to attain or maintain profitable operations.

We may form or seek strategic alliances or enter into additional licensing arrangements in the future, and we may not realize the benefits of such alliances or licensing arrangements.

We may form or seek strategic alliances, create joint ventures or collaborations and enter into additional licensing arrangements with third parties that we believe will complement or augment our development and commercialization efforts with respect to our product candidates and any future product candidates that we may develop. Any of these relationships may require us to incur non-recurring and other charges, increase our near and long-term expenditures, issue securities that dilute our existing stockholders or disrupt our management and business. In addition, we face significant competition in seeking appropriate strategic partners and the negotiation process is time-consuming and complex. Moreover, we may not be successful in our efforts to establish a strategic partnership or other alternative arrangements for our product candidates because they may be deemed to be at too early of a stage of development for collaborative effort and third parties may not view our product candidates as having the requisite potential to demonstrate safety and efficacy. If we license products or businesses, we may not be able to realize the benefit of such transactions if we are unable to successfully integrate them with our existing operations and company culture. It is possible that, following a strategic transaction or license, we may not achieve the revenue or specific net income that justifies such transaction. Any delays in entering into new strategic partnership agreements related to our product candidates could delay the development and commercialization of our product candidates in certain geographies for certain indications, which would harm our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are unable to identify a strategic partner for rivo-cel, we may not realize value from this asset and we will continue to incur substantial costs.

We are actively pursuing a strategic partner for our CaspaCIDe-containing polyclonal T cell product candidate called rivogenleceucel, or rivo-cel. A partner would assume current and future development and commercialization responsibilities for this product candidate on a worldwide basis. Concurrently, we have substantially reduced and will continue to reduce our rivo-cel-related activities and spending. For example, we have closed our UK office, which was established to prepare for commercialization in Europe. If we are unable to identify an appropriate strategic partner or to negotiate and consummate a license agreement with such a partner, then it will be impossible to submit the planned Marketing Authorisation Applications, or MAA required to seek approval to commercialize this product candidate in Europe. Such a delay in the process of preparing and submitting the MAA will make it more difficult for us or any possible strategic partner to restart the process in the future and ultimately obtain approval for the product, increasing the likelihood that we may be unable to derive any meaningful revenue from this asset. In addition, we are obligated to continue certain regulatory and clinical activities following conclusion of the rivo-cel clinical trials and if we are unable to identify a strategic partner, we will continue to incur the costs for the internal and external resources required to complete those activities.

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Our reliance on third parties requires us to share our trade secrets, which increases the possibility that a competitor will discover them or that our trade secrets will be misappropriated or disclosed.

Because we rely on third parties to manufacture our drug substance and our drug product, and because we collaborate with various organizations and academic institutions on the advancement of our technology platform, we must, at times, share trade secrets with them. We seek to protect our proprietary technology in part by entering into confidentiality agreements and, if applicable, material transfer agreements, collaborative research agreements, consulting agreements or other similar agreements with our collaborators, advisors, employees and consultants prior to beginning research or disclosing proprietary information. These agreements typically limit the rights of the third parties to use or disclose our confidential information, such as trade secrets. Despite these contractual provisions, the need to share trade secrets and other confidential information increases the risk that such trade secrets become known by our competitors, are inadvertently incorporated into the technology of others, or are disclosed or used in violation of these agreements. Given that our proprietary position is based, in part, on our know-how and trade secrets, a competitor’s discovery of our trade secrets or other unauthorized use or disclosure would impair our competitive position and may have a material adverse effect on our business.

We may use our financial and human resources to pursue a particular research program or product candidate and fail to capitalize on programs or product candidates that may be more profitable or for which there is a greater likelihood of success.

Because we have limited resources, we may forego or delay pursuit of opportunities with certain programs or product candidates or for indications that later prove to have greater commercial potential. Our resource allocation decisions may cause us to fail to capitalize on viable commercial products or profitable market opportunities. Our spending on current and future research and development programs for product candidates may not yield any commercially viable products. If we do not accurately evaluate the commercial potential or target market for a particular product candidate, we may relinquish valuable rights to that product candidate through strategic collaboration, licensing or other royalty arrangements in cases in which it would have been more advantageous for us to retain sole development and commercialization rights to such product candidate, or we may allocate internal resources to a product candidate in a therapeutic area in which it would have been more advantageous to enter into a partnering arrangement.

We and our contractors utilize hazardous materials in our business operations, and any claims relating to improper handling, storage, or disposal of these materials could harm our business.

Our activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by our third-party manufacturers. Our manufacturers are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the U.S. governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials, and similar laws in other geographic regions. Although we believe that our manufacturers’ procedures for using, handling, storing and disposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical or hazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of these materials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability could exceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.

Our internal computer systems, or those used by our clinical investigators, contractors or consultants, may fail or suffer security breaches.

Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of our contractors and consultants are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses and unauthorized access. While we have not experienced any such material system failure or security breach to date, if such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our development programs and our business operations. For example, the loss of clinical trial data from completed or future clinical trials could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of, or damage to, our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and the further development and commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed.

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System outages, network disruptions and cyber-security threats could interrupt the operation of our business.

We are dependent on the use of information technology systems for our operations. Outages, disruptions and threats could have an adverse impact on our ability to conduct operations. Cyber-security threats, such as malware, phishing and network attacks, are on the rise. These attacks can affect the availability of our information technology systems, including their data, as well as the confidentiality and integrity of these systems. A security breach poses a risk to confidential data, including but not limited to intellectual property and trade secrets resulting in financial, legal or reputational harm to us. Insider threats may exist if an individual authorized to access our technology systems improperly discloses sensitive data to unauthorized persons or the public. We also have outsourced elements of our operations, including elements of our information technology infrastructure, and thus manage several independent vendor relationships with third parties who may have access to our confidential information. Confidentiality agreements are in place for authorized users and third parties to support the prevention of confidential information being improperly disclosed. We have policies and procedures in place, including controls around the access and activity of authorized users, active system monitoring, back-up and recovery, information technology security and mandatory annual information technology security awareness training to assist in the prevention and mitigation of an outage, disruption or threat. In addition, we have invested in high availability, redundant technologies that will reduce the risk of an outage, disruption or threat. However, our efforts may not prevent an outage, disruption or threat that would materially adversely affect us. We also may not have sufficient liability insurance, either type or amount, to cover us against claims related to a cyber-security threat.

Business disruptions could seriously harm our future revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses.

Our operations, and those of our clinical investigators, contractors and consultants, could be subject to power shortages, telecommunications failures, water shortages, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics and other natural or man-made disasters or business interruptions, for which we are predominantly self-insured. The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm our operations and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. We rely on third-party manufacturers to produce and process our product candidates on a patient by patient basis. Our ability to obtain clinical supplies of our product candidates could be disrupted if the operations of these suppliers are affected by a man-made or natural disaster or other business interruption. In particular, certain third-party manufacturers may be unable to comply with their contractual obligations to us due to disruptions caused by COVID-19, including reduced operations or headcount reductions, or otherwise, and in certain cases we may have limited recourse if the non-compliance is due to factors outside of the manufacturer’s control.

Our employees, independent contractors, consultants, commercial partners and vendors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements.

We are exposed to the risk of employee fraud or other illegal activity by our employees, independent contractors, consultants, commercial partners and vendors. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct that fails to: comply with the laws of the FDA and other similar foreign regulatory bodies; provide true, complete and accurate information to the FDA and other similar foreign regulatory bodies, comply with manufacturing standards we have established, comply with healthcare fraud and abuse laws in the U.S. and similar foreign fraudulent misconduct laws, or report financial information or data accurately or to disclose unauthorized activities to us. If we obtain FDA approval of any of our product candidates and begin commercializing those products in the U.S., our potential exposure under such laws will increase significantly, and our costs associated with compliance with such laws are also likely to increase. These laws may impact, among other things, our current activities with principal investigators and research patients, as well as proposed and future sales, marketing and education programs. In particular, the promotion, sales and marketing of healthcare items and services, as well as certain business arrangements in the healthcare industry, are subject to extensive laws designed to prevent fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. These laws and regulations may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing and promotion, structuring and commission(s), certain customer incentive programs and other business arrangements generally. Activities subject to these laws also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of patient recruitment for clinical trials. The laws that may affect our ability to operate include, but are not limited to:

•the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying any remuneration (including any kickback, bribe, or rebate), directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to induce, or in return for, either the referral of an individual for, or the purchase, lease, order or recommendation of any good, facility, item or service for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under a federal healthcare program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs;

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•federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalties law, which prohibit, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment or approval from Medicare, Medicaid, or other third-party payors that are false or fraudulent or knowingly making a false statement to improperly avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government;

•the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, which created new federal criminal statutes that prohibit knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program or obtain, by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, any of the money or property owned by, or under the custody or control of, any healthcare benefit program, regardless of the payor (e.g., public or private) and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up by any trick or device a material fact or making any materially false statements in connection with the delivery of, or payment for, healthcare benefits, items or services relating to healthcare matters;

•HIPAA, as amended by the Health and Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, which impose requirements on certain covered healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses as well as their respective business associates that perform services for them that involve the use, or disclosure of, individually identifiable health information, relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information without appropriate authorization;

•the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, and its implementing regulations, which requires certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologicals and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program (with certain exceptions) to report annually to the HHS, information related to payments or other transfers of value made to physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors) and teaching hospitals, as well as require certain manufacturers and group purchasing organizations to report annually ownership and investment interests held by such physicians and their immediate family members;

•federal consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm consumers; and

•foreign laws that govern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often are not preempted by or are in conflict with HIPAA, including the European Union General Data Protection Regulation, or the GDPR, which became effective on May 25, 2018, and which imposes privacy and security obligations on any entity that collects and/or processes health data from individuals located in the European Union. Under the GDPR, fines of up to 20 million euros or up to 4% of the annual global turnover of the infringer, whichever is greater, could be imposed for significant non-compliance. As well as complicating our compliance efforts, non-compliance with these laws could result in penalties or significant legal liability. The GDPR includes more stringent operational requirements for processors and controllers of personal data and creates additional rights for data subjects.

Additionally, we are subject to state and foreign equivalents of each of the U.S. healthcare laws described above, among others, some of which may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of the payor.

We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics, but it is not always possible to identify and deter employee misconduct, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent inappropriate conduct may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. Efforts to ensure that our business arrangements will comply with applicable healthcare laws may involve substantial costs. It is possible that governmental and enforcement authorities will conclude that our business practices may not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law interpreting applicable fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, disgorgement, monetary fines, imprisonment, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, additional reporting requirements and/or oversight if we become subject to a corporate integrity agreement or similar agreement to resolve allegations of non-compliance with these laws, and curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations. In addition, the approval and commercialization of any of our product candidates outside the U.S. will also subject us to foreign equivalents of the healthcare laws mentioned above, among other foreign laws.

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If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of our product candidates.

We face an inherent risk of product liability as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidates and will face an even greater risk if we commercialize any products. We may be sued if our product candidates cause or are perceived to cause injury or are found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability or a breach of warranties. For example, in May 2019, we were added as an additional defendant in an ongoing civil tort lawsuit in federal court in Los Angeles, California. The complaint alleges claims for wrongful death, negligence, breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, medical battery on decedent, medical battery on individual plaintiffs, products liability-failure to warn, breach of express warranty and products liability design or manufacturing defect. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit or cease commercialization of our product candidates. Even successful defense would require significant financial and management resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, federal or state liability claims may result in:

•decreased demand for our product candidates;

•injury to our reputation;

•withdrawal of clinical trial participants;

•initiation of investigations by regulators;

•costs to defend the related litigation;

•a diversion of management’s time and our resources;

•substantial monetary awards to clinical trial participants or patients;

•product recalls, withdrawals or labeling, marketing or promotional restrictions;

•loss of revenue;

•exhaustion of any available insurance and our capital resources;

•the inability to commercialize any product candidate; and

•a decline in our share price.

Our inability to obtain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of any products we develop, alone or with corporate collaborators. We currently carry product liability insurance covering our clinical trials, with other coverage limits as appropriate for certain foreign jurisdictions. Although we maintain such insurance, our insurance policies may have various exclusions, and we may be subject to a product liability claim for which we have no coverage. We may have to pay any amounts awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts. Even if our agreements with any future corporate collaborators entitle us to indemnification against losses, such indemnification may not be available or adequate should any claim arise.

Our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or CARES Act, which provides temporary relief from certain aspects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that had imposed limitations on the utilization of certain losses, interest expense deductions, and minimum tax credits. We are currently in the process of assessing the tax-related provisions of the CARES Act and its potential impact on us.

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As of December 31, 2019, we had aggregate U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $390.3 million, and aggregate U.S. federal and Texas state research and development credits of approximately $11.3 million and $5.3 million, respectively. These net operating loss carryforwards could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and Cares Act, federal net operating losses incurred in taxable years ending after December 31, 2017 may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of federal net operating losses generated in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 may be limited to 80% of current year taxable income for years beginning on or after January 1, 2021. It is uncertain if and to what extent various states will conform to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. In addition, under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and corresponding provisions of state law, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change” (which is generally defined as a greater than 50% change (by value) in its equity ownership over a three-year period), the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes to offset its post-change income or taxes may be limited. We may have experienced one or more ownership changes in the past, including with respect to our August 2019 public offering, and we may also experience additional ownership changes in the future as a result of subsequent shifts in our stock ownership, some of which may be outside of our control. If an ownership change occurs and our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards is materially limited, it would harm our future operating results by effectively increasing our future tax obligations.

Risks Related to Government Regulation

The regulatory approval process is lengthy and time-consuming, and we may experience significant delays in the clinical development and regulatory approval of our product candidates.

We have not previously submitted a BLA to the FDA, or similar approval filings to other foreign authorities. A BLA must include extensive preclinical and clinical data and supporting information to establish the product candidate’s safety, purity and potency for each desired indication. It must also include significant information regarding the chemistry, manufacturing and controls for the product. We expect the novel nature of our product candidates to create further challenges in obtaining regulatory approval. For example, FDA’s Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, or OTAT, has limited experience with combination products that include a small molecule component. Approval of our GoCAR product candidates, will likely require this FDA office to consult with other divisions of the FDA, which may result in further challenges in obtaining regulatory approval, including in developing final product labeling. The regulatory approval pathway for our product candidates may be uncertain, complex, expensive and lengthy, and approval may not be obtained.

We may also experience delays in completing planned clinical trials for a variety of reasons, including delays related to:

•the availability of financial resources to commence and complete our planned clinical trials;

•reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different clinical trial sites;

•recruiting suitable patients to participate in a clinical trial;

•having patients complete a clinical trial or return for post-treatment follow-up;

•clinical trial sites deviating from clinical trial protocol, failing to follow GCPs, or dropping out of a clinical trial;

•adding new clinical trial sites; or

•manufacturing sufficient quantities of qualified materials under cGMPs and applying them on a subject by subject basis for use in clinical trials.

We could also encounter delays if physicians encounter unresolved ethical issues associated with enrolling patients in clinical trials of our product candidates in lieu of prescribing existing treatments that have established safety and efficacy profiles. Further, a clinical trial may be suspended or terminated by us, the IRBs for the institutions in which such clinical trials are being conducted, the Data Monitoring Committee for such clinical trial, or by the FDA or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols, inspection of the clinical trial operations or clinical trial site by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit from using a product candidate, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial. If we experience termination of, or delays in the completion of, any clinical trial of our product candidates, the commercial prospects for our product candidates will be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenue will be delayed. In addition, any delays in completing our clinical trials will increase our costs, slow down our product development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenue.

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Many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates.

Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of our product candidates in one jurisdiction does not mean that we will be successful in obtaining regulatory approval of our product candidates in other jurisdictions.

Obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of our product candidates in one jurisdiction does not guarantee that we will be able to obtain or maintain regulatory approval in any other jurisdiction, while a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one jurisdiction may have a negative effect on the regulatory approval process in others. Approval procedures vary among jurisdictions and can involve requirements and administrative review periods different from, and greater than, those in the EU or U.S., including additional preclinical studies or clinical trials. Studies and clinical trials conducted in one jurisdiction may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions.

We may also submit marketing applications in other countries. Regulatory authorities in jurisdictions outside of the EU and U.S. have requirements for approval of product candidates with which we must comply prior to marketing in those jurisdictions. Obtaining foreign regulatory approvals and compliance with foreign regulatory requirements could result in significant delays, difficulties and costs for us and could delay or prevent the introduction of our products in certain countries. If we fail to comply with the regulatory requirements in international markets and/or receive applicable marketing approvals, our target market will be reduced and our ability to realize the full market potential of our product candidates will be harmed.

Even if we receive regulatory approval of our product candidates, we will be subject to ongoing regulatory obligations and continued regulatory review, which may result in significant additional expense and we may be subject to penalties and/or withdrawal of product approval if we fail to comply with regulatory requirements or experience unanticipated problems with our product candidates.

Any regulatory approvals that we receive for our product candidates will require surveillance to monitor the safety and efficacy of the product candidate. The FDA may also require a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS, in order to approve our product candidates, which could entail requirements for a medication guide, physician communication plans or additional elements to ensure safe use, such as restricted distribution methods, patient registries and other risk minimization tools. In addition, if the FDA or a comparable foreign regulatory authority approves our product candidates, the manufacturing processes, labeling, packaging, distribution, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion, import, export and recordkeeping for our product candidates will be subject to extensive and ongoing regulatory requirements. These requirements include, among other things, submissions of safety and other post-marketing information and reports, registration, as well as continued compliance with cGMPs and GCPs for any clinical trials that we conduct post-approval. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with our product candidates, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with our third-party manufacturers or manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in, among other things:

•restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of our product candidates, withdrawal of the product from the market, or voluntary or mandatory product recalls;

•fines, warning letters or holds on clinical trials;

•refusal by the FDA to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications filed by us or suspension or revocation of license approvals;

•suspension or termination of manufacturing at one or more manufacturing facilities;

•product seizure or detention, or refusal to permit the import or export of our product candidates; and

•injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.

The FDA’s and other regulatory authorities’ policies may change, and additional government regulations may be enacted that could prevent, limit or delay regulatory approval of our product candidates. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action, either in the U.S. or abroad. If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or if we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may lose any marketing approval that we may have obtained, and we may not achieve or sustain profitability.

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Foreign legislative changes may also affect our ability to commercialize our product candidates. Effective as of May 25, 2018, the GDPR imposes privacy and security obligations on any entity that collects and/or processes personal information from individuals located in the European Union. Under the GDPR, fines of up to 20 million euros or up to 4% of the annual global turnover of the infringer, whichever is greater, could be imposed for significant non-compliance.

Even if we obtain regulatory approval of our product candidates, the products may not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients, hospitals, cancer treatment centers, third-party payors and others in the medical community.

The use of engineered T cells and NK cells as potential cancer treatments is a recent development and may not become broadly accepted by physicians, patients, hospitals, cancer treatment centers, third-party payors and others in the medical community. Many factors will influence whether our product candidates are accepted in the market, including:

•the clinical indications for which our product candidates are approved;

•physicians, hospitals, cancer treatment centers and patients considering our product candidates as a safe and effective treatment;

•the potential and perceived advantages of our product candidates over alternative treatments;

•the prevalence and severity of any side effects;

•product labeling or product insert requirements of the FDA or other regulatory authorities;

•limitations or warnings contained in the labeling approved by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;

•the extent and quality of the clinical evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of our product candidates;

•the timing of market introduction of our product candidates as well as competitive products;

•the cost of treatment in relation to alternative treatments;

•the pricing of our product candidates and the availability of adequate reimbursement by third-party payors and government authorities;

•the willingness and ability of patients to pay out-of-pocket in the absence of coverage by third-party payors, including government authorities;

•relative convenience and ease of administration, including as compared to alternative treatments and competitive therapies;

•confusion or lack of understanding regarding the effects of rimiducid and the timing and size of dosing of rimiducid after immune cell therapy; and

•the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts.

In addition, although we are not utilizing embryonic stem cells or replication competent vectors, adverse publicity due to the ethical and social controversies surrounding the therapeutic use of such technologies, and reported side effects from any clinical trials using these technologies or the failure of such clinical trials to demonstrate that these therapies are safe and effective may limit market acceptance our product candidates. If our product candidates are approved but fail to achieve market acceptance among physicians, patients, hospitals, cancer treatment centers or others in the medical community, we will not be able to generate significant revenue.

Even if our products achieve market acceptance, we may not be able to maintain that market acceptance over time if new products or technologies are introduced that are more favorably received than our products, are more cost effective or render our products obsolete.

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Coverage and reimbursement may be limited or unavailable in certain market segments for our product candidates, which could make it difficult for us to sell our product candidates profitably.

Market acceptance and sales of our product candidates will depend in large part on global reimbursement policies and may be affected by future healthcare reform measures, both in the United States and other key international markets. Patients who are prescribed medicine for the treatment of their conditions generally rely on third-party payors to reimburse all or part of the costs associated with their prescription drugs. Patients are unlikely to use our products unless coverage is provided and reimbursement is adequate to cover a significant portion of the cost of our products. Therefore, successful commercialization of our products will depend in part on the availability of governmental and third-party payor reimbursement for the cost of our product candidates and/or payment to the physician for administering our product candidates. In the United States, no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for drug products exists among third-party payors. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for drug products can differ significantly from payor to payor. As a result, the coverage determination process is often a time-consuming and costly process that will require us to provide scientific and clinical support for the use of our products to each payor separately, with no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be obtained. One third-party payor’s decision to cover a particular medical product or service does not assure that other payors will also provide coverage for the medical product or service, or to provide coverage at an adequate reimbursement rate. As a result, the coverage determination process will require us to provide scientific and clinical support for the use of our products to each payor separately, with no assurance that adequate coverage and reimbursement will be obtained. Further, a third-party payor’s decision to provide coverage for a medical product or service does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. The market for our product candidates will depend significantly on access to third-party payors’ formularies or lists of treatments for which third-party payors provide coverage and reimbursement. Third party payors may also have difficulty in determining the appropriate coverage of our product candidates, if approved, due to the fact that they are combination products that include a small molecule drug, rimiducid.

Third-party payors establish coverage and reimbursement policies for new products, including our product candidates. In particular, in the United States, private health insurers and other third-party payors often provide reimbursement for treatments based on the level at which the government (through the Medicare or Medicaid programs) provides reimbursement for such treatments. In the United States, the EEA and other significant or potentially significant markets for our product candidate, government authorities and third-party payors are increasingly attempting to limit or regulate the price of medical products and services, particularly for new and innovative products and therapies, which has resulted in lower average selling prices. Further, the increased emphasis on managed healthcare in the United States and on country and regional pricing and reimbursement controls in Canada and the EEA will put additional pressure on product pricing, coverage, reimbursement and utilization, which may adversely affect our product sales and results of operations. These pressures can arise from policies and practices of managed care groups, judicial decisions and governmental laws and regulations related to Medicare, Medicaid and healthcare reform, coverage and reimbursement policies and pricing in general. Any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors.

In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the PPACA, became law in the United States. PPACA substantially changed the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers and significantly affects the pharmaceutical industry. Among the provisions of the PPACA of greatest importance to the pharmaceutical industry are the following: (i) an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports certain branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned among these entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs; (ii) an increase in the rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13% of the average manufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively; (iii) a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must now agree to offer 70% point-of-sale discounts to negotiated prices of applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for the manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be covered under Medicare Part D; (iv) extension of manufacturers’ Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations; (v) expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals with income at or below 133% of the Federal Poverty Level, thereby potentially increasing manufacturers’ Medicaid rebate liability; (vi) expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; (vii) expansion of health care fraud and abuse laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act and the Anti-Kickback Statute, new government investigative powers, and enhanced penalties for noncompliance; and (viii) a new Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, along with funding for such research.

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There remain judicial and Congressional challenges to other aspects of the PPACA, as well as efforts by the Trump administration to repeal or replace certain aspects of the PPACA. Since January 2017, President Trump has signed several Executive Orders designed to delay the implementation of certain provisions of the PPACA or otherwise circumvent some of the requirements for health insurance mandated by the PPACA. Concurrently, Congress has considered legislation that would repeal or repeal and replace all or part of the PPACA. While Congress has not passed comprehensive repeal legislation, several bills affecting the implementation of certain taxes under the PPACA have been signed into law. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 includes a provision repealing, effective January 1, 2019, the tax-based shared responsibility payment imposed by the PPACA on certain individuals who fail to maintain qualifying health coverage for all or part of a year that is commonly referred to as the “individual mandate”. Additionally, the 2020 federal spending package permanently eliminated, effective January 1, 2020, the PPACA-mandated “Cadillac” tax on high-cost employer-sponsored health coverage and medical device tax and, effective January 1, 2021, also eliminates the health insurer tax. Congress may consider other legislation to replace elements of the PPACA. We continue to evaluate the potential effect of the possible repeal and replacement of the PPACA may have on our business.

In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted in the United States since the PPACA. For example, through the process created by the Budget Control Act of 2011, there are automatic reductions of Medicare payments to providers up to 2% per fiscal year, which went into effect in April 2013 and, following passage of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, will remain in effect through 2030 unless additional Congressional action is taken. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act, or CARES Act, which was signed into law in March 2020 and is designed to provide financial support and resources to individuals and businesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, suspended the 2% Medicare sequester from May 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020, and extended the sequester by one year, through 2030. In January 2013, President Obama signed into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers.

Further, recently there has been heightened governmental scrutiny in the United States over the manner in which drug manufacturers set prices for their marketed products, in light of the rising cost of prescription drugs and biologics. Such scrutiny has resulted in several recent congressional inquiries and proposed federal legislation designed to, among other things, bring more transparency to product pricing, review the relationship between pricing and manufacturer patient programs, and reform government program reimbursement methodologies for products. At the federal level, the Trump administration’s budget proposal for fiscal year 2021 includes a $135 billion allowance to support legislative proposals seeking to reduce drug prices, increase competition, lower out-of-pocket drug costs for patients, and increase patient access to lower-cost generic and biosimilar drugs. On March 10, 2020, the Trump administration sent “principles” for drug pricing to Congress, calling for legislation that would, among other things, cap Medicare Part D beneficiary out-of-pocket pharmacy expenses, provide an option to cap Medicare Part D beneficiary monthly out-of-pocket expenses, and place limits on pharmaceutical price increases. In addition, the Trump administration previously released a “Blueprint” to lower drug prices and reduce out of pocket costs of drugs that contained additional proposals to increase drug manufacturer competition, increase the negotiating power of certain federal healthcare programs, incentivize manufacturers to lower the list price of their products, and reduce the out of pocket costs of drug products paid by consumers. The Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, has solicited feedback on some of these measures and has implemented others under its existing authority. On July 24, 2020, The Trump administration announced four executive orders related to prescription drug pricing that attempt to implement several of the administration’s proposals, including a policy that would tie Medicare Part B drug prices to international drug prices; one that directs HHS to finalize the Canadian drug importation proposed rule previously issued by HHS and makes other changes allowing for personal importation of drugs from Canada; one that directs HHS to finalize the rulemaking process on modifying the anti-kickback law safe harbors for discounts for plans, pharmacies, and pharmaceutical benefit managers; and one that reduces costs of insulin and epipens to patients of federally qualified health centers. While some of these and other measures may require additional authorization to become effective, Congress and the Trump administration have each indicated that it will continue to seek new legislative and/or administrative measures to control drug costs. At the state level, legislatures are increasingly passing legislation and implementing regulations designed to control pharmaceutical and biological product pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures, and, in some cases, designed to encourage importation from other countries and bulk purchasing. We expect that additional federal and state healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could result in reduced demand for our products or other adverse effects on our business. For example, it is possible that additional governmental action is taken to address the COVID-19 pandemic.

We expect that additional federal and state healthcare reform measures, such as further amendments and changes to the PPACA will be adopted in the future, any of which could result in reduced demand for our products or other adverse effects on our business.

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Certain countries have a very difficult reimbursement environment and we may not obtain reimbursement or pricing approval, if required, in all countries where we expect to market a product, or we may obtain reimbursement approval at a level that would make marketing a product in certain countries not viable.

We expect to experience pricing pressures in connection with the sale of any products that we may develop, due to the trend toward managed healthcare, the increasing influence of health maintenance organizations and additional legislative proposals. If we fail to successfully secure and maintain adequate coverage and reimbursement for our products or are significantly delayed in doing so, we will have difficulty achieving market acceptance of our products and expected revenue and profitability which would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Due to the novel nature of our technology and the small size of our target patient populations, we face uncertainty related to pricing and reimbursement for these product candidates.

Our target patient populations for our potential product candidates are relatively small, as a result, the pricing and reimbursement of our product candidates, if approved, must be adequate to support commercial and manufacturing infrastructure. If we are unable to obtain adequate levels of reimbursement, our ability to successfully market and sell our product candidates will be adversely affected. The manner and level at which reimbursement is provided for services related to our product candidates, for example, reimbursement for administration of our product candidates to patients, is also important. Inadequate reimbursement for such services may lead to physician resistance and adversely affect our ability to market or sell our products.

We are subject to extensive laws and regulations related to data privacy, and our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could harm our business.

We are subject to laws and regulations governing data privacy and the protection of personal information. These laws and regulations govern our processing of personal data, including the collection, access, use, analysis, modification, storage, transfer, security breach notification, destruction and disposal of personal data. There are foreign and state law versions of these laws and regulations to which we are currently and/or may in the future, be subject. For example, the collection and use of personal health data in the European Union is governed by the GDPR. The GDPR, which is wide-ranging in scope, imposes several requirements relating to the consent of the individuals to whom the personal data relates, the information provided to the individuals, the security and confidentiality of the personal data, data breach notification and the use of third-party processors in connection with the processing of personal data. The GDPR also imposes strict rules on the transfer of personal data out of the European Union to the United States, provides an enforcement authority and imposes large monetary penalties for noncompliance. The GDPR requirements apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information within our company, including employee information. The GDPR and similar data privacy laws of other jurisdictions place significant responsibilities on us and create potential liability in relation to personal data that we or our third-party service providers process, including in clinical trials conducted in the United States and European Union. In addition, we expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations and industry standards relating to privacy and data protection in the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions, and we cannot determine the impact such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business.

Additionally, California recently enacted legislation that has been dubbed the first “GDPR-like” law in the United States. Known as the California Consumer Privacy Act, or the CCPA, it creates new individual privacy rights for consumers (as that word is broadly defined in the law) and places increased privacy and security obligations on entities handling personal data of consumers or households. As of January 1, 2020, the CCPA requires covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers, provide such consumers new ways to opt-out of certain sales of personal information, and allow for a new cause of action for data breaches. As currently written, the CCPA will likely impact (possibly significantly) our business activities and exemplifies the vulnerability of our business to not only cyber threats but also the evolving regulatory environment related to personal data and protected health information.

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We are subject to certain U.S. and foreign anti-corruption, anti-money laundering, export control, sanctions, and other trade laws and regulations, or collectively, Trade Laws. We can face serious consequences for violations.

Among other matters, Trade Laws prohibit companies and their employees, agents, clinical research organizations, legal counsel, accountants, consultants, contractors, and other partners from authorizing, promising, offering, providing, soliciting, or receiving directly or indirectly, corrupt or improper payments or anything else of value to or from recipients in the public or private sector. Violations of Trade Laws can result in substantial criminal fines and civil penalties, imprisonment, the loss of trade privileges, debarment, tax reassessments, breach of contract and fraud litigation, reputational harm, and other consequences. We have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or government-affiliated hospitals, universities, and other organizations. We engage third parties for clinical trials and/or to obtain necessary permits, licenses, patent registrations, and other regulatory approvals. We also expect our non-U.S. activities to increase in time. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of our personnel, agents, or partners, even if we do not explicitly authorize or have prior knowledge of such activities.

We are subject to U.S. and certain foreign export and import controls, sanctions, embargoes, anti-corruption laws, and anti-money laundering laws and regulations. Compliance with these legal standards could impair our ability to compete in domestic and international markets. We can face criminal liability and other serious consequences for violations, which can harm our business.

We are subject to export control and import laws and regulations, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations, various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or FCPA, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, and other state and national anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in the countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption laws are interpreted broadly and prohibit companies and their employees, agents, contractors, and other collaborators from authorizing, promising, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or anything else of value to recipients in the public or private sector. We may engage third parties for clinical trials outside of the United States, to sell our products abroad once we enter a commercialization phase, and/or to obtain necessary permits, licenses, patent registrations, and other regulatory approvals. We have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or government-affiliated hospitals, universities, and other organizations. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of our employees, agents, contractors, and other collaborators, even if we do not explicitly authorize or have actual knowledge of such activities. Any violations of the laws and regulations described above may result in substantial civil and criminal fines and penalties, imprisonment, the loss of export or import privileges, debarment, tax reassessments, breach of contract and fraud litigation, reputational harm, and other consequences.

Changes in funding for the FDA, the SEC and other government agencies could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, prevent new products from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner or otherwise prevent those agencies from performing normal functions on which the operation of our business may rely, which could negatively impact our business.

The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept payment of user fees, and statutory, regulatory, and policy changes. Average review times at the agency have fluctuated in recent years as a result. In addition, government funding of the SEC and other government agencies on which our operations may rely, including those that fund research and development activities is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable.

Disruptions at the FDA and other agencies may also slow the time necessary for new drugs to be reviewed and/or approved by necessary government agencies, which would adversely affect our business. For example, over the last several years, including beginning on December 22, 2018 and ending on January 25, 2019, the U.S. government has shut down several times and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA and the SEC, have had to furlough critical FDA, SEC and other government employees and stop critical activities. If repeated or prolonged government shutdowns occur, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Further, future government shutdowns could impact our ability to access the public markets and obtain necessary capital in order to properly capitalize and continue our operations.

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Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

We depend on intellectual property licensed from third parties and termination of any of these licenses could result in the loss of significant rights, which would harm our business.

We are dependent on patents, know-how and proprietary technology, both our own and licensed from others. We license from Baylor College of Medicine, or Baylor, certain intellectual property related to methods for activating antigen presenting cells, to certain genetic constructs and to certain methods for inducing apoptosis. Baylor may terminate or modify our licenses in the event of a material breach by us that remains uncured following the date that is 90 days after written notice of such breach or upon certain insolvency events that remain uncured following the date that is 30 days following written notice of such insolvency event. In addition, we have funded certain of our clinical development activities and may fund certain of our future clinical development with funds from the State of Texas. The State of Texas may have rights to commercialize the results of those clinical trials if it determines that we have failed, after notice and an opportunity to cure, to use diligent and commercially reasonable efforts to commercialize or otherwise bring to practical application the results of the funded clinical trials. We are also dependent on our license agreements with Agensys, Inc. (a subsidiary of Astellas Pharma, Inc.) with respect to PSCA-targeted CARs, and BioVec Pharma Inc. with respect to making retrovirus for all of our programs. The termination of any of these licenses could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Any termination of these agreements, or other agreements to which we are a party could result in the loss of significant rights and could harm our ability to commercialize our product candidates.

Disputes may also arise between us and our licensors and other partners regarding intellectual property subject to a license agreement, including:

•the scope of rights granted under the license agreement and other interpretation-related issues;

•whether and the extent to which our technology and processes infringe on intellectual property of the licensor that is not subject to the licensing agreement;

•our right to sublicense patent and other rights to third parties under collaborative development relationships;

•our diligence obligations with respect to the use of the licensed technology in relation to our development and commercialization of our product candidates, and what activities satisfy those diligence obligations; and

•the ownership of inventions and know-how resulting from the joint creation or use of intellectual property by our licensors and us and our partners.

If disputes over intellectual property that we have licensed prevent or impair our ability to maintain our current licensing arrangements on acceptable terms, we may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize the affected product candidates.

We are generally also subject to all of the same risks with respect to protection of intellectual property that we license, as we are for intellectual property that we own. If we or our licensors fail to adequately protect this intellectual property, our ability to commercialize products could suffer.

If our efforts to protect the proprietary nature of our technologies are not adequate, we may not be able to compete effectively in our market.

Any disclosure to or misappropriation by third parties of our confidential proprietary information could enable competitors to quickly duplicate or surpass our technological achievements, thus eroding our competitive position in our market. Certain intellectual property which is covered by our in-license agreements has been developed at academic institutions which have retained non-commercial rights to such intellectual property.

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There are several pending U.S. and foreign patent applications in our portfolio, and we anticipate additional patent applications will be filed both in the U.S. and in other countries, as appropriate. However, we cannot predict:

•if and when patents will issue;

•the degree and range of protection any issued patents will afford us against competitors including whether third parties will find ways to invalidate or otherwise circumvent our patents;

•whether or not others will obtain patents claiming aspects similar to those covered by our patents and patent applications; or

•whether we will need to initiate litigation or administrative proceedings which may be costly whether we win or lose.

Composition of matter patents for biological and pharmaceutical products are generally considered to be the strongest form of intellectual property. We cannot be certain that the claims in our pending patent applications directed to compositions of matter for our product candidates will be considered patentable by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO, or by patent offices in foreign countries, or that the claims in any of our issued patents will be considered valid by courts in the U.S. or foreign countries. Method of use patents have claims directed to the use of a product for the specified method. This type of patent does not prevent a competitor from making and marketing a product that is identical to our product for an indication that is outside the scope of the patented method. Moreover, even if competitors do not actively promote their product for our targeted indications, physicians may prescribe these products “off-label.” Although off-label prescriptions may infringe or contribute to the infringement of method of use patents, the practice is common and such infringement is difficult to prevent or prosecute.

The strength of patents in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical field involves complex legal and scientific questions and can be uncertain. The patent applications that we own or in-license may fail to result in issued patents with claims that cover our product candidates or uses thereof in the U.S. or in other foreign countries. Even if the patents do successfully issue, third parties may challenge the validity, enforceability or scope thereof, which may result in such patents being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable. Furthermore, even if they are unchallenged, patents in our portfolio may not adequately exclude third parties from practicing relevant technology or prevent others from designing around our claims. If the breadth or strength of our intellectual property position with respect to our product candidates is threatened, it could dissuade companies from collaborating with us to develop, and threaten our ability to commercialize, our product candidates. Further, if we encounter delays in our clinical trials, the period of time during which we could market our product candidates under patent protection would be reduced. Since patent applications in the U.S. and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, it is possible that patent applications in our portfolio may not be the first filed patent applications related to our product candidates. Furthermore, for U.S. applications in which all claims are entitled to a priority date before March 16, 2013, an interference proceeding can be provoked by a third-party or instituted by the USPTO, to determine who was the first to invent any of the subject matter covered by the patent claims of our applications. For U.S. applications containing a claim not entitled to priority before March 16, 2013, there is a greater level of uncertainty in the patent law with the passage of the America Invents Act (2012) which brings into effect significant changes to the U.S. patent laws that are yet untried and untested, and which introduces new procedures for challenging pending patent applications and issued patents. A primary change under this reform is creating a “first to file” system in the U.S. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application.

We rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect proprietary know-how that is not patentable, processes for which patents are difficult to enforce and any other elements of our product discovery and development processes that involve proprietary know-how, information, or technology that is not covered by patents. We require all of our employees to assign their inventions to us, and require all of our employees, consultants, advisors and any third parties who have access to our proprietary know-how, information, or technology to enter into confidentiality agreements; however, it is possible that our trade secrets and other confidential proprietary information could be disclosed or that competitors may otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or independently develop substantially equivalent information and techniques. Furthermore, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent or in the same manner as the laws of the U.S. As a result, we may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our intellectual property both in the U.S. and abroad. If we are unable to prevent unauthorized material disclosure of our intellectual property to third parties, we will not be able to establish or maintain a competitive advantage in our market, which could materially adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

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Third-party claims of intellectual property infringement may prevent or delay our product discovery and development efforts.

Our commercial success depends in part on our avoiding infringement of the patents and proprietary rights of third parties. There is a substantial amount of litigation involving patents and other intellectual property rights in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, as well as administrative proceedings for challenging patents, including interference and reexamination proceedings before the USPTO or oppositions and other comparable proceedings in foreign jurisdictions. Recently, under U.S. patent reform, new procedures including inter parties review and post grant review have been implemented. As stated above, this reform is untried and untested and will bring uncertainty to the possibility of challenge to our patents in the future. Numerous U.S. and foreign issued patents and pending patent applications, which are owned by third parties, exist in the fields in which we are developing our product candidates. As the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries expand and more patents are issued, the risk increases that our product candidates may give rise to claims of infringement of the patent rights of others.

Third parties may assert that we are employing their proprietary technology without authorization. There may be third-party patents, of which we are currently unaware or have not sufficiently analyzed with claims to materials, formulations, methods of manufacture or methods for treatment related to the use or manufacture of our product candidates. Because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending patent applications, which may later result in issued patents that our product candidates may infringe. In addition, third parties may obtain patents in the future and claim that use of our technologies infringes upon these patents. If any third-party patents were held by a court of competent jurisdiction to cover aspects of our formulations, the manufacturing process of our product candidates, constructs or molecules used in or formed during the manufacturing process, methods of use, including combination therapy or patient selection methods or any final product itself, the holders of any such patents may be able to block our ability to develop and commercialize the product candidate unless we obtained a license under the applicable patents, or until such patents expire or they are finally determined to be held invalid or unenforceable. In either case, such a license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain a necessary license to a third-party patent on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, our ability to commercialize our product candidates may be impaired or delayed, which could in turn significantly harm our business.

Parties making claims against us may seek and obtain injunctive or other equitable relief, which could effectively block our ability to further develop and commercialize our product candidates. Defense of these claims, regardless of their merit, would involve substantial litigation expense and would be a substantial diversion of employee resources from our business. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us, we may have to pay substantial damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees for willful infringement, obtain one or more licenses from third parties, pay royalties or redesign our infringing products, which may be impossible or require substantial time and monetary expenditure. It is possible that any such license would not be available at all or on commercially reasonable terms. Furthermore, even in the absence of litigation, we may need to obtain licenses from third parties to advance our research or allow commercialization of our product candidates. We may fail to obtain any of these licenses at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms, if at all. In that event, we would be unable to further develop and commercialize our product candidates, which could harm our business significantly.

For example, we are aware of a third-party patent having claims directed to chimeric DNA comprising DNA segments encoding (1) a single chain antibody domain and (2) transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of an endogenous protein. Even though we have reason to believe that our product candidates are not covered by claims of this patent, an owner or licensee of the patent still might bring a patent infringement suit against us. If the patent is asserted against us, we may not prevail in defending against claims of infringement and/or challenging the validity of claims in the patent. We may not successfully develop alternative technologies or enter into an agreement by which we obtain rights to the patent. These rights, if necessary, may not be available on terms acceptable to us.

We are aware of third-party patents having claims that may be considered as being directed to single-chain antibody fragments that bind to PSCA and these patents may be considered relevant to BPX-601 and related technologies we are developing. We currently are evaluating whether or not we need to obtain rights to these patents under a license, and if it is determined that we need to obtain such rights, whether these rights can be obtained. We are also aware of third-party patent applications having claims that may be considered as being directed to cellular therapy constructs utilizing a heterodimer domain for activation of caspase 9. We are monitoring these applications and if they are granted with the claims as drafted, they may be relevant to our potential dual-switch product candidates containing such a heterodimer activation domain.

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Also, while we are aware there are other third-party patents having claims that may be considered relevant to technologies for which we are seeking, or plan to seek, regulatory approval, we believe those patents have a patent term that may expire prior to the time we expect to obtain regulatory approval for these technologies. The estimated expiration dates for those patents were determined according to information on the face pages of the patents, and certain factors that could influence patent term, such as patent term adjustment and patent term extension, for example, were not factored into these estimates. Accordingly, the estimated expiration dates of those patents may not be accurate and one or more of those patents may not expire before we obtain regulatory approval for an applicable technology. Owners or licensees of one or more of those patents may bring a patent infringement suit against us. If one or more of those patents are asserted against us, we may be able to assert a defense for a safe harbor to patent infringement under 35 U.S.C. 271(e)(1) if certain requirements are met. It is possible that (1) certain of these requirements may not be met, and/or (2) one or more of the third-party patents might expire after one or more of our technologies obtain regulatory approval, and consequently we may not successfully assert such a defense to patent infringement. If we are unsuccessful in asserting a defense under 35 U.S.C. 271(e)(1), it is possible we may not prevail in defending against claims of infringement and/or challenging the validity of claims in those patents. We may not successfully develop alternative technologies or enter into agreements by which we obtain rights to applicable patents. These rights, if necessary, may not be available on terms acceptable to us.

We may not be successful in obtaining or maintaining necessary rights to product components and processes for our development pipeline through acquisitions and in-licenses.

Because our programs may involve additional product candidates that may require the use of proprietary rights held by third parties, the growth of our business will likely depend in part on our ability to acquire, in-license or use these proprietary rights.

Our product candidates may also require specific formulations to work effectively and efficiently and these rights may be held by others. We may be unable to acquire or in-license any compositions, methods of use, processes or other third-party intellectual property rights from third parties that we identify. Even if we are able to obtain a license, it may be non-exclusive, thereby giving our competitors access to the same technologies licensed to us. In that event, we may be required to expend significant time and resources to develop or license replacement technology.

The licensing and acquisition of third-party intellectual property rights is a competitive area, and companies, which may be more established, or have greater resources than we do, may also be pursuing strategies to license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights that we may consider necessary or attractive in order to commercialize our product candidates. More established companies may have a competitive advantage over us due to their size, cash resources and greater clinical development and commercialization capabilities.

We may not be able to successfully complete negotiations and ultimately acquire the rights to the intellectual property that we may seek to acquire in the future.

We may be involved in lawsuits or other proceedings to protect or enforce our patents or the patents of our licensors, which could be expensive, time-consuming and unsuccessful.

Competitors may infringe our patents or the patents of our licensors. To counter infringement or unauthorized use, we may be required to file infringement claims, which can be expensive and time-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that one or more of our patents is not valid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents do not cover the technology in question. An adverse result in any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable, or interpreted narrowly and could put our patent applications at risk of not issuing. Defense of these claims, regardless of their merit, would involve substantial litigation expense and would be a substantial diversion of employee resources from our business. It also is possible that a competitor we sue for patent infringement could countersue us for allegedly infringing one or more of their own patents or one or more patents they licensed from another entity. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us, we may have to pay substantial damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees for willful infringement, obtain one or more licenses from third parties, pay royalties or redesign our infringing products, which may be impossible or require substantial time and monetary expenditure.

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Interference proceedings provoked by third parties or brought by the USPTO may be necessary to determine the priority of inventions with respect to our patents or patent applications or those of our licensors. An unfavorable outcome could result in a loss of our patent rights and could require us to cease using the related technology or to attempt to license rights to it from the prevailing party. Our business could be harmed if the prevailing party does not offer us a license on commercially reasonable terms. It also is possible that third parties could institute a patent office post-grant proceeding against one or more of our patents, or one or more patents licensed to us, such as a post grant review proceeding, inter parties review proceeding or reexamination proceeding at the USPTO, or an opposition proceeding in a jurisdiction outside the U.S. An unfavorable outcome in a post-grant proceeding could result in a loss of our patent rights. Litigation, interference proceedings or patent office post-grant proceedings may result in a decision adverse to our interests and, even if we are successful, may result in substantial costs and distract our management and other employees. We also may not be able to prevent, alone or with our licensors, misappropriation of our trade secrets or confidential information, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect those rights as fully as in the U.S.

Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock.

Obtaining and maintaining our patents depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent position could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.

Periodic maintenance fees on any issued patent are due to be paid to the USPTO and foreign patent agencies in several stages over the lifetime of the patent. The USPTO and various foreign governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. While an inadvertent lapse can in many cases be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules, there are situations in which noncompliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. Noncompliance events that could result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application include, but are not limited to, failure to respond to official actions within prescribed time limits, non-payment of fees and failure to properly legalize and submit formal documents. Such noncompliance events are outside of our direct control for (1) non-U.S. patents and patent applications owned by us, and (2) patents and patent applications licensed to us by another entity. In such an event, our competitors might be able to enter the market, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.

Issued patents covering our product candidates could be found invalid or unenforceable if challenged in court or the USPTO.

If we or one of our licensing partners initiate legal proceedings against a third party to enforce a patent covering one of our product candidates, the defendant could counterclaim that the patent covering our product candidate, as applicable, is invalid and/or unenforceable. In patent litigation in the U.S., defendant counterclaims alleging invalidity and/or unenforceability are commonplace, and there are numerous grounds upon which a third party can assert invalidity or unenforceability of a patent. Third parties may also raise similar claims before administrative bodies in the U.S. or abroad, even outside the context of litigation. Such mechanisms include re-examination, post grant review, and equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions, for example, opposition proceedings. Any such proceedings could result in revocation or amendment to our patents in such a way that they no longer cover our product candidates. The outcome following legal assertions of invalidity and unenforceability is unpredictable. With respect to the validity question, for example, we cannot be certain that there is no invalidating prior art and that prior art that was cited during prosecution, but not relied on by the patent examiner, will not be revisited. If a defendant were to prevail on a legal assertion of invalidity and/or unenforceability, we would lose at least part, and perhaps all, of the patents directed to our product candidates. A loss of patent rights could have a material adverse impact on our business.

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Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.

As is the case with other biopharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly patents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the biopharmaceutical industry involve both technological and legal complexity, and is therefore costly, time-consuming and inherently uncertain. In addition, the U.S. has recently enacted and is currently implementing wide-ranging patent reform legislation. Recent U.S. Supreme Court rulings have narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances and weakened the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty with respect to the value of patents, once obtained. Depending on decisions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts, and the USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that would weaken our ability to obtain new patents or to enforce our existing patents and patents that we might obtain in the future. For example, in the recent case, Assoc. for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court held that certain claims to DNA molecules are not patentable. While we do not believe that any of the patents owned or licensed by us will be found invalid based on this decision, we cannot predict how future decisions by the courts, the U.S. Congress or the USPTO may impact the value of our patents.

We have limited foreign intellectual property rights and may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.

We have limited intellectual property rights outside the U.S. Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on product candidates in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and our intellectual property rights in some countries outside the U.S. can be less extensive than those in the U.S. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property to the same extent as federal and state laws in the U.S. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions in all countries outside the U.S., or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in and into the U.S. or other jurisdictions. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patents to develop their own products and further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patents, but enforcement is not as strong as that in the U.S. These products may compete with our products and our patents or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing.

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly China and certain other developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents, trade secrets and other intellectual property, particularly those relating to biopharmaceutical products, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights generally. To date, we have not sought to enforce any issued patents in these foreign jurisdictions. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. The requirements for patentability may differ in certain countries, particularly developing countries. Furthermore, generic drug manufacturers or other competitors may challenge the scope, validity or enforceability of our or our licensors’ patents, requiring us or our licensors to engage in complex, lengthy and costly litigation or other proceedings. Certain countries in Europe and developing countries, including China and India, have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties. In those countries, we and our licensors may have limited remedies if patents are infringed or if we or our licensors are compelled to grant a license to a third party, which could materially diminish the value of those patents. This could limit our potential revenue opportunities. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license.

We may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants or independent contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information of third parties.

We have received confidential and proprietary information from third parties. In addition, we employ individuals who were previously employed at other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies. We may be subject to claims that we or our employees, consultants or independent contractors have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed confidential information of these third parties or our employees’ former employers. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial cost and be a distraction to our management and employees.

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Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Stock

We are subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention.

Our share price has been and may continue to be volatile. Companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We are a target of this type of litigation. For example, on February 6, 2018, a purported securities class action complaint captioned Nipun Kakkar v. Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rick Fair and Alan Musso was filed against us, and certain of our officers in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division. A second substantially similar class action was filed on March 14, 2018 by plaintiff Frances Rudy against the same defendants in the same court and on April 9, 2018, the District Court consolidated the two lawsuits under the Kakkar action. On May 29, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division dismissed the consolidated case in its entirety with prejudice, resulting in a termination of all claims. The deadline for the plaintiffs to appeal has expired.

On July 19, 2018, a purported shareholder derivative complaint captioned Seung Paik v. Richard A. Fair, et al. was filed against the Company’s directors and certain of the Company’s officers in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division. The lawsuit is based on the same facts as the Kakkar class action and purports to seek damages on behalf of the Company against the individual defendants for breach of fiduciary duty, waste, unjust enrichment and violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act. The complaint alleges that the defendants caused or allowed the Company to disseminate misstatements regarding the clinical trials for rivo-cel and to make false or misleading statements in the proxy materials for the Company’s 2017 annual meeting of stockholders. On July 8, 2019, another purported shareholder derivative complaint captioned Scott Ludovissy and Ann Gordon Trammell v. Richard A. Fair, et al. was filed against the same defendants in the same court. On November 1, 2019, an additional purported shareholder derivative complaint captioned Mildred Taylor and Jessica Amor v. Richard A. Fair, et al. was filed against certain of the Company’s officers and directors in the District of Delaware. The Paik, Ludovissy, and Taylor derivative causes of action have been stayed until reinstated on motion of the parties.

Litigation of this type could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could adversely impact our business. Any adverse determination in litigation could also subject us to significant liabilities.

If we fail to satisfy applicable listing standards, our common stock may be delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market.*

Our ability to publicly or privately sell equity securities and the liquidity of our common stock could be adversely affected if we are delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market or if we are unable to transfer our listing to another stock market. On April 27, 2020, we were notified by The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, that we were in breach of Listing Rule 5450(b)(2)(A), or the Market Value Rule, for continued listing on The Nasdaq Global Market because the market value of our listed securities for 30 consecutive business days had been less than $50 million. In lieu of seeking compliance with the Market Value Rule, on June 16, 2020, we received approval from Nasdaq to transfer the listing of our common stock from The Nasdaq Global Market to The Nasdaq Capital Market, which became effective at the opening of business on June 18, 2020. Although we were able to transfer our listing to The Nasdaq Capital Market, we could subsequently fail to satisfy Nasdaq’s requirements for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market and receive notice from Nasdaq that our stock may become subject to delisting.

If we are unable to continue to meet the requirements for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market and our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, it could lead to a number of negative implications, including the occurrence of an event of default under the Loan Agreement with Oxford, an adverse effect on the price of our common stock, increased volatility in our common stock, reduced liquidity in our common stock, the loss of federal preemption of state securities laws and greater difficulty in obtaining financing.

In addition, delisting of our common stock could deter broker-dealers from making a market in or otherwise seeking or generating interest in our common stock, could result in a loss of current or future coverage by certain sell-side analysts and might deter certain institutions and persons from investing in our securities at all. Delisting could also cause a loss of confidence of our customers, collaborators, vendors, suppliers and employees, which could harm our business and future prospects.

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If our common stock is delisted by The Nasdaq Capital Market, the price of our common stock may decline, and although our common stock may be eligible to trade on the OTC Bulletin Board, another over-the-counter quotation system, or on the pink sheets, an investor may find it more difficult to dispose of their common stock or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock. Further, if we are delisted, we would incur additional costs under state blue sky laws in connection with any sales of our securities. These requirements could severely limit the market liquidity of our common stock and the ability of our shareholders to sell our common stock in the secondary market.

The price of our stock is volatile and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Prior to our December 2014 IPO, there was no public market for our common stock. The trading price of our common stock is likely to continue to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control, including market conditions in general and a limited trading volume for our shares. In addition to the factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in our Annual Report, these factors include:

•the commencement, enrollment or results of the planned clinical trials of our product candidates or any future clinical trials we may conduct, or changes in the development status of our product candidates;

•any delay in our regulatory filings for our product candidates and any adverse development or perceived adverse development with respect to the applicable regulatory authority’s review of such filings, including without limitation the FDA’s issuance of a “refusal to file” letter or a request for additional information;

•adverse results or delays in our ongoing or future clinical trials;

•our decision to initiate a clinical trial, not to initiate a clinical trial or to terminate an existing clinical trial;

•adverse regulatory decisions, including failure to receive regulatory approval of our product candidates;

•changes in laws or regulations applicable to our products, including but not limited to clinical trial requirements for approvals;

•adverse developments concerning our CID technology platform and our small molecule drug rimiducid;

•adverse developments concerning our contract manufacturers;

•changes in the structure of healthcare payment systems;

•our inability to maintain successful collaborations or to establish new collaborations if needed;

•our failure to commercialize our product candidates;

•additions or departures of key scientific or management personnel;

•unanticipated serious safety concerns related to the use of our product candidates;

•introduction of new products or services offered by us or our competitors;

•announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;

•our ability to effectively manage our growth;

•the size and growth of our initial target markets;

•our ability to successfully treat additional types of diseases and cancers or at different stages;

•actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;

•our cash position;

•our failure to meet the estimates and projections of the investment community or that we may otherwise provide to the public;

•publication of research reports about us or our industry, or immunotherapy in particular, or positive or negative recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage by securities analysts;

•changes in the market valuations of similar companies;

•overall performance of the equity markets;

•sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders in the future;

•trading volume of our common stock;

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•changes in accounting practices;

•ineffectiveness of our internal controls;

•disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our technologies;

•significant lawsuits, including patent or stockholder litigation;

•general political and economic conditions; and

•other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.

In addition, the stock market in general, and biopharmaceutical companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities. This type of litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which would harm our business, operating results or financial condition.

We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock, so any returns will be limited to the value of our stock.

We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development, operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. In addition, the terms of the Loan Agreement with Oxford restrict our ability to declare or pay any cash dividend or make a cash distribution on any class of stock or other equity interest. Any return to stockholders will therefore be limited to the appreciation of their stock.

Our principal stockholders and management own a significant percentage of our stock and can exert significant control over matters subject to stockholder approval.

Our executive officers, directors, holders of 5% or more of our capital stock and their respective affiliates beneficially own a significant portion of our voting stock, including shares subject to outstanding options. As a result, if these shareholders were to choose to act together, they would have the ability to significantly influence all matters requiring stockholder approval. For example, these stockholders may be able to significantly influence elections of directors, amendments of our organizational documents, or approval of any merger, sale of assets, or other major corporate transaction. This may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our common stock that you may feel are in your best interest as one of our stockholders.

As of December 31, 2019, we are no longer an “emerging growth company” and, as a result, are required to comply with increased disclosure and governance requirements.

As more than five fiscal years have passed since the December 18, 2014, listing of common stock listing on the Nasdaq, we ceased to be an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act as of December 31, 2019. However, we currently qualify as a “Smaller Reporting Company” under applicable SEC rules, which limits some of the otherwise applicable public company requirements. Below are specific requirements to which we are now subject that did not previously apply to us. These requirements include the “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Act and some of the disclosure requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act relating to compensation of our chief executive officer.

Compliance with such requirements is expensive and time-consuming for management, as the loss of “emerging growth company” status and compliance with the additional requirements substantially increases our legal and financial compliance costs and makes some activities more time-consuming and costly.

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Changes in accounting rules, assumptions and/or judgments could materially and adversely affect us.

Accounting rules and interpretations for certain aspects of our operations are highly complex and involve significant assumptions and judgment. These complexities could lead to a delay in the preparation and dissemination of our financial statements. Furthermore, changes in accounting rules and interpretations or in our accounting assumptions and/or judgments, such as asset impairments, could significantly impact our financial statements. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in restating prior period financial statements. Any of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.

Our consolidated financial statements, including our liabilities and statements of operations are subject to quarterly changes in our accounting of our outstanding Series 1 Preferred Stock, warrants and related option fee proceeds.

In accordance with ASC Topic 815, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and ASC Topic 480, Liabilities-Distinguishing from Equity, convertible preferred shares are accounted for as temporary equity and warrants are accounted for as liabilities at their fair value during periods where they can be net cash settled in case of a change in control transaction. The warrants are accounted for as a liability at their fair value at each reporting period. The value of the derivative warrant liability is re-measured at each reporting period with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. To derive an estimate of the fair value of these warrants, the binomial model is utilized, adjusted for the effect of dilution, which embodies all of the requisite assumptions (including trading volatility, estimated terms, dilution and risk-free rates) necessary to determine the fair value of these instruments. This process requires the development of significant and subjective estimates that may, and are likely to, change over the duration of the instrument with related changes in internal and external market factors. Additionally, in connection with our August 2019 private placement we received option fee proceeds, or the Option Fee, which is accounted for as a liability. The value of the Option Fee is re-measured at each reporting period with changes in fair value recorded through earnings. As a result, our consolidated financial statements and results of operations may fluctuate quarterly, based on factors, such as the trading value of our common stock and certain assumptions, which are outside of our control. Consequently, our liabilities and consolidated statements of operations may vary quarterly, based on factors other than our revenues and expenses. The liabilities and accounting line items associated with our derivative securities on our balance sheet and statement of operations are non-cash items, and the inclusion of such items in our financial statements may materially affect the outcome of our quarterly and annual results, even though such items are non-cash and do not affect the cash we have available for operations. Investors should take such derivative accounting matters and other non-cash items into account when comparing our quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year operating results and financial statements.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock by our existing stockholders in the public market could cause our stock price to fall.

Certain holders of our outstanding shares of common stock, are entitled to rights with respect to the registration of their shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. Any sales of these shares by such stockholders could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.

We register on Form S-8 all shares of common stock that are issuable under our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, or the EIP. As a consequence, these shares can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to volume limitations applicable to affiliates.

Future sales and issuances of our common stock or rights to purchase common stock, including pursuant to our EIP and shelf registration statement, could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our stock price to fall.

We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations, including conducting clinical trials, expanded research and development activities and costs associated with operating a public company. To raise capital, we may sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time, including pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the SEC. If we sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Any such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing stockholders, and new investors could gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to the existing holders of our common stock.

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We completed a public offering of our Series 1 preferred stock on August 21, 2019 and are obligated to issue shares of Series 2 and Series 3 preferred stock in connection with the concurrent private placement, and if we are required to redeem shares of preferred stock, our cash position will be negatively impacted. In addition, we may not have sufficient funds to redeem such shares of preferred stock.

We issued 575,000 shares of Series 1 preferred stock in connection with our August 2019 public offering and are obligated to issue up to 350,000 shares of Series 2 preferred stock and 250,000 shares of Series 3 preferred stock pursuant to the purchase agreement governing our August 2019 private placement.

Subject to the terms of our certificate of incorporation, at any time on or after August 21, 2024, some or all of our outstanding shares of preferred stock will be redeemable at the option of the holder at a redemption price of $100.00 per share of Series 1 and Series 2 preferred stock and $140.00 per share of Series 3 preferred stock, upon delivery of an irrevocable written notice to us. If a holder of preferred stock requests redemption we will be required to redeem such shares of preferred stock. However, we may be unable to redeem such preferred stock if restrictions under applicable law or contractual obligations prohibit such redemption. For example, Delaware law provides that a redemption on capital stock may only be paid from “surplus” or, if there is no “surplus,” from a corporation’s net profits for the then-current or the preceding fiscal year. Unless we operate profitably, our ability to redeem the preferred stock would require the availability of adequate “surplus,” which is defined as the excess, if any, of our net assets (total assets less total liabilities) over our capital. To date, we have operated at a loss. Accordingly, if we do not have sufficient “surplus” under Delaware law, we would be unable to effect such redemption. If we do have sufficient “surplus” to effect such redemption, our available cash will be negatively impacted and our ability to use the net proceeds from this offering could be substantially limited. In addition, such reduction in our available cash could decrease the trading price of our common stock, and, accordingly, the preferred stock and our warrants.

The issuance or sale of shares of our common stock, or rights to acquire shares of our common stock, including the issuance of our securities pursuant to our August 2019 private placement, could depress the trading price of our common stock.

Under the terms of the private placement transaction, we are obligated to issue (i) up to 350,000 shares of Series 2 preferred stock, at a purchase price of $100.00 per share, and related warrants to purchase up to 2,800,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, and (ii) 250,000 shares of Series 3 preferred stock, at a purchase price of $140.00 per share, and related warrants to purchase up to 875,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $14.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $70,000,000, to certain institutional investors in two or more separate closings, each to occur at such investors’ discretion. In addition, we may conduct future offerings of our common stock, preferred stock or other securities that are convertible into or exercisable for our common stock to finance our operations or fund acquisitions, or for other purposes. If we issue additional shares of our common stock or rights to acquire shares of our common stock, if any of our existing stockholders sells a substantial amount of our common stock, or if the market perceives that such issuances or sales may occur, then the trading price of our common stock, and, accordingly, the trading price of our common stock may significantly decrease. In addition, our issuance of additional shares of common stock will dilute the ownership interests of our existing common stockholders.

Certain investors in the private placement will have the ability to control or significantly influence certain business decisions.

Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase agreement for the private placement transaction, certain investors in the private placement transaction have consent rights over certain significant matters of the Company’s business. These include decisions to authorize or issue equity securities that are senior or pari passu to the Series 3 preferred stock with respect to liquidation preference, the incurrence of indebtedness in excess of $1,000,000, the sale or license of the Company’s iMC switch technology and the payment of dividends. As a result, these stockholders, acting together, will have significant influence over certain matters affecting our business.

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Anti-takeover provisions under our charter documents and Delaware law could delay or prevent a change of control which could limit the market price of our common stock and may prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our board of directors that our stockholders might consider favorable. Some of these provisions include:

•a board of directors divided into three classes serving staggered three-year terms, such that not all members of the board will be elected at one time;

•a prohibition on stockholder action through written consent, which requires that all stockholder actions be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;

•a requirement that special meetings of stockholders be called only by the chairman of the board of directors, the chief executive officer, or by a majority of the total number of authorized directors;

•advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and nominations for election to our board of directors;

•a requirement that no member of our board of directors may be removed from office by our stockholders except for cause and, in addition to any other vote required by law, upon the approval of not less than two-thirds of all outstanding shares of our voting stock then entitled to vote in the election of directors;

•a requirement of approval of not less than two-thirds of all outstanding shares of our voting stock to amend any bylaws by stockholder action or to amend specific provisions of our certificate of incorporation; and

•the authority of the board of directors to issue convertible preferred stock on terms determined by the board of directors without stockholder approval and which convertible preferred stock may include rights superior to the rights of the holders of common stock.

In addition, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporate Law, which may prohibit certain business combinations with stockholders owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock. These anti-takeover provisions and other provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make it more difficult for stockholders or potential acquirers to obtain control of our board of directors or initiate actions that are opposed by the then-current board of directors and could also delay or impede a merger, tender offer or proxy contest involving our company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing or cause us to take other corporate actions you desire. Any delay or prevention of a change of control transaction or changes in our board of directors could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.*

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders; (iii) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws; or (iv) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers or other employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

These provisions would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims.

These exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. If a court were to find either exclusive-forum provision to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur further significant additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, all of which could seriously harm our business.

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If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. In the event securities or industry analysts that cover us downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price may decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits filed as part of this Quarterly Report are set forth on the Exhibit Index, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit Number	Description
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended by the Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant and the Second Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.
3.2	Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series 1 Redeemable Convertible Non-Voting Preferred Stock, Series 2 Redeemable Convertible Non-Voting Preferred Stock and Series 3 Redeemable Convertible Non-Voting Preferred Stock of Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on August 19, 2019).
3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on December 23, 2014).
4.1	Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3.
4.2	Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-200328), originally filed with the SEC on November 18, 2014).
4.3	Second Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement by and among the Registrant and certain of its stockholders, dated August 22, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-200328), originally filed with the SEC on November 18, 2014).
4.4	Registration Rights Agreement by and among the Registrant and Baker Brothers Life Sciences, LP, and two of its affiliated funds, dated January 15, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-209012), filed with the SEC on January 15, 2016).
4.5	Form of Warrant issued in public offering (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36783), filed with the SEC on August 19, 2019).
4.6	Form of Warrant issued in private offering (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36783), filed with the SEC on August 19, 2019).
4.7	Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 16, 2019, by and among the Company and the institutional investors named therein, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36783), filed with the SEC on August 19, 2019).
10.1	Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy.
10.2	Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended.
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

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101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Date: August 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Richard A. Fair
		Richard A. Fair
		President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: August 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Atabak Mokari
		Atabak Mokari
		Chief Financial Officer
Date: August 6, 2020	By:	/s/ David E. Strauss
		David E. Strauss
		Principal Accounting Officer

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EX-3.1

Exhibit 3.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF

BELLICUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC

Thomas J. Farrell hereby certifies that:

ONE: He is the duly elected and acting Chief Executive Officer of Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

TWO: The date of filing of said corporation’s original certificate of incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State was July 14, 2004, under the name of Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

THREE: The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows:

I.

The name of this corporation is Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”).

II.

The address of the registered office of the Company in the State of Delaware is 1209 Orange Street, in the City of Wilmington, Delaware, 19801, County of New Castle. The name of its registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

III.

The purpose of the Company is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a corporation may be organized under the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”).

IV.

A. The Company is authorized to issue two classes of stock to be designated, respectively, “Common Stock” and “Preferred Stock.” The total number of shares which the Company is authorized to issue is 210,000,000 shares. 200,000,000 shares shall be Common Stock, each having a par value of $0.01. 10,000,000 shares shall be Preferred Stock, each having a par value of $0.01.

B. The Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board of Directors”) is hereby expressly authorized to provide for the issue of any or all of the unissued and undesignated shares of the Preferred Stock in one or more series, and to fix the number of shares and to determine or alter for each such series, such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designation, preferences, and relative, participating, optional, or other rights and such qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated and expressed in the resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors providing for the issuance of such shares and as may be permitted by the DGCL. The Board of Directors is also expressly authorized to increase or decrease the number of shares of any series subsequent to the issuance of shares of that series, but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding. In case the number of shares of any series shall be decreased in accordance with the foregoing sentence, the shares constituting such decrease shall resume the status that they had prior to the adoption of the resolution originally fixing the number of shares of such series. The number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the

voting power of the stock of the Company entitled to vote thereon, without a separate vote of the holders of the Preferred Stock, or of any series thereof, unless a vote of any such holders is required pursuant to the terms of any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of Preferred Stock.

C. Each outstanding share of Common Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote on each matter properly submitted to the stockholders of the Company for their vote; provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by law, holders of Common Stock shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (this “Certificate of Incorporation”) (including any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of Preferred Stock) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected series of Preferred Stock are entitled, either separately or together as a class with the holders of one or more other such series of Preferred Stock, to vote thereon by law or pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of Preferred Stock).

V.

For the management of the business and for the conduct of the affairs of the Company, and in further definition, limitation and regulation of the powers of the Company, of its directors and of its stockholders or any class thereof, as the case may be, it is further provided that:

A. The management of the business and the conduct of the affairs of the Company shall be vested in its Board of Directors. The number of directors that shall constitute the Board of Directors shall be fixed exclusively by resolutions adopted by a majority of the authorized number of directors constituting the Board of Directors.

B. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the directors shall be divided into three classes designated as Class I, Class II and Class III, respectively. The Board of Directors is authorized to assign members of the Board of Directors already in office to such classes at the time the classification becomes effective. At the first annual meeting of stockholders following the initial classification of the Board of Directors, the term of office of the Class I directors shall expire and Class I directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At the second annual meeting of stockholders following such initial classification, the term of office of the Class II directors shall expire and Class II directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At the third annual meeting of stockholders following such initial classification, the term of office of the Class III directors shall expire and Class III directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At each succeeding annual meeting of stockholders, directors shall be elected for a full term of three years to succeed the directors of the class whose terms expire at such annual meeting.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, each director shall serve until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

C. Subject to the rights of any series of Preferred Stock that may be designated from time to time to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, neither the Board of Directors nor any individual director may be removed without cause. Subject to any limitations imposed by applicable law, any individual director or directors may be removed with cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company entitled to vote generally at an election of directors, voting together as a single class.

D. Subject to any limitations imposed by applicable law and subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock that may be designated from time to time, any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other causes and any newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors, shall, unless the Board of Directors determines by resolution that any such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by the stockholders and except as otherwise provided by applicable law, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less

2

than a quorum of the Board of Directors, and not by the stockholders. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been elected and qualified.

E. The Board of Directors is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or repeal the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (the “Bylaws”). Any adoption, amendment or repeal of the Bylaws by the Board of Directors shall require the approval of a majority of the authorized number of directors. The stockholders shall also have power to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws; provided, however, that, in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the Company required by law or by this Certificate of Incorporation, such action by stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.

F. The directors of the Company need not be elected by written ballot unless the Bylaws so provide.

G. No action shall be taken by the stockholders of the Company except at an annual or special meeting of stockholders called in accordance with the Bylaws. No action shall be taken by the stockholders of the Company by written consent or electronic transmission.

H. Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of the stockholders of the Company shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws.

VI.

A. The liability of a director of the Company for monetary damages shall be eliminated to the fullest extent under applicable law.

B. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Company is authorized to provide indemnification of (and advancement of expenses to) directors, officers and agents of the Company (and any other persons to which applicable law permits the Company to provide indemnification) through Bylaw provisions, agreements with such agents or other persons, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise in excess of the indemnification and advancement otherwise permitted by such applicable law. If applicable law is amended after approval by the stockholders of this Article VI to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director to the Company shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as so amended.

C. Any repeal or modification of this Article VI shall only be prospective and shall not affect the rights or protections or increase the liability of any director under this Article VI in effect at the time of the alleged occurrence of any act or omission to act giving rise to liability or indemnification.

VII.

Unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company; (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders; (3) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws; or (4) any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

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VIII.

A. The Company reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, except as provided in Section B of this Article VIII, and all rights conferred upon the stockholders herein are granted subject to this reservation.

B. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Certificate of Incorporation or any provision of law which might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders of any particular class or series of the Company required by law or by this Certificate of Incorporation or any certificate of designation filed with respect to a series of Preferred Stock that may be designated from time to time, subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to alter, amend or repeal Articles V, VI or VIII of this Certificate of Incorporation.

* * * *

FOUR: This Certificate of Incorporation has been duly adopted and approved by the Board of Directors and by written consent of the stockholders in accordance with Sections 228, 242 and 245 of the DGCL and written notice of such action has been given as provided in section 228 of the DGCL.

[Signature page follows]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. has caused this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be signed by its Chief Executive Officer this 23rd day of December, 2014.

BELLICUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

/S/ THOMAS J. FARRELL

THOMAS J. FARRELL

Chief Executive Officer

5

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF THE

AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF

BELLICUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “Company”), hereby certifies that:

First: The name of the Company is BELLICUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Second: The date of filing of the Company’s original certificate of incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State was July 14, 2004, under the name of Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Third: The Board of Directors of the Company, acting in accordance with the provisions of Sections 141 and 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, adopted resolutions to amend its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation as follows:

1.         Article IV, Section A shall be amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows:

“The Company is authorized to issue two classes of stock to be designated, respectively, “Common Stock” and “Preferred Stock.” The total number of shares which the Company is authorized to issue is 50,000,000 shares. 40,000,000 shares shall be Common Stock, each having a par value of $0.01. 10,000,000 shares shall be Preferred Stock, each having a par value of $0.01.”

2.         Effective as of 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the date this Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, each ten (10) shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding shall, automatically and without any action on the part of the respective holders thereof, be combined and converted into one (1) share of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share; provided, however, that the Company shall issue no fractional shares as a result of the actions set forth herein but shall instead pay to the holder of such fractional share a sum in cash equal to such fraction multiplied by the closing sales price of the Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market on the date this Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.

Fourth: Thereafter pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, this Certificate of Amendment was submitted to the stockholders of the Company for their approval, and was duly adopted at a special meeting of the stockholders of the Company, in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company on has caused this Certificate of Amendment to be signed by its Chief Executive Officer this 5th day of February, 2020.

Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
By:	/s/ Richard Fair
	Name: Richard Fair Title: Chief Executive Officer

SECOND CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO THE

AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF

BELLICUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “Company”), hereby certifies that:

First: The name of the Company is BELLICUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Second: The date of filing of the Company’s original certificate of incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State was July 14, 2004, under the name of Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Third: The Board of Directors of the Company, acting in accordance with the provisions of Sections 141 and 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, adopted resolutions to amend its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation as follows:

Article IV, Section A shall be amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows:

“The Company is authorized to issue two classes of stock to be designated, respectively, “Common Stock” and “Preferred Stock.” The total number of shares which the Company is authorized to issue is 90,000,000 shares. 80,000,000 shares shall be Common Stock, each having a par value of $0.01. 10,000,000 shares shall be Preferred Stock, each having a par value of $0.01.”

Fourth: Thereafter pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, this Certificate of Amendment was submitted to the stockholders of the Company for their approval, and was duly adopted at an annual meeting of the stockholders of the Company, in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

In Witness Whereof, the Company on has caused this Certificate of Amendment to be signed by its Chief Executive Officer this 15th day of June, 2020.

Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
By:	/s/ Richard Fair
	Name: Richard Fair Title: Chief Executive Officer

EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

BELLICUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION POLICY

Each member of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) who is not also serving as an employee of Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Bellicum”) or any of its subsidiaries (each such member, an “Eligible Director”) will receive the compensation described in this Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy for his or her Board service. This policy may be amended at any time in the sole discretion of the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board.

Annual Cash Compensation

The annual cash compensation amount set forth below is payable in equal quarterly installments, payable in arrears on the last day of each fiscal quarter in which the service occurred. If an Eligible Director joins the Board or a committee of the Board at a time other than effective as of the first day of a fiscal quarter, each annual retainer set forth below will be pro-rated based on days served in the applicable fiscal year, with the pro-rated amount paid for the first fiscal quarter in which the Eligible Director provides the service, and regular full quarterly payments thereafter. All annual cash fees are vested upon payment.

1. Annual Board Service Retainer:

a. All Eligible Directors: $40,000

b. Chairman of the Board Service Retainer (in addition to Eligible Director Service Retainer): $30,000

c. Lead Independent Director Service Retainer (in addition to Eligible Director Service Retainer): $15,000

2. Annual Committee Member Service Retainer:

a. Member of the Audit Committee: $7,500

b. Member of the Compensation Committee: $5,000

c. Member of the Nominating & Governance Committee: $3,500

d. Member of the Science Committee: $5,000

e. Member of the Finance Committee: $5,000

3. Annual Committee Chair Service Retainer (in addition to Committee Member Service Retainer):

a. Chairman of the Audit Committee: $7,500

b. Chairman of the Compensation Committee: $5,000

c. Chairman of the Nominating & Governance Committee: $4,000

d. Chairman of the Science Committee: $5,000

e. Chairman of the Finance Committee: $5,000

4. Meeting Attendance Fee for Science Committee:

a. In addition to the Science Committee Service Retainer, $1,000 per meeting of the Science Committee in excess of five meetings per year, not to exceed $7,000 per year.

Equity Compensation

The equity compensation set forth below will be granted under the Bellicum, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). All stock options granted under this policy will be nonstatutory stock options, with an exercise price per share equal to 100% of the Fair Market Value (as defined in the Plan) of the underlying Company common stock on the date of grant, and a term of ten years from the date of grant (subject to earlier termination in connection with a termination of service as provided in the Plan, provided that upon a termination of service other than for death, disability or cause, the post-termination exercise period will be 12 months from the date of termination).

1. Initial Grant: On the date of the Eligible Director’s initial election to the Board, for each Eligible Director who is first elected to the Board (or, if such date is not a market trading day, the first market trading day thereafter), the Eligible Director will be automatically, and without further action by the Board or Compensation Committee of the Board, granted a stock option for 13,000 shares (the “Initial Grant”). The shares subject to each Initial Grant will vest with respect to one-third of the shares on the one-year anniversary of the date of grant, and in equal monthly installments over the following two-year period such that the option is fully vested on the third anniversary of the date of grant, subject to the Eligible Director’s Continuous Service (as defined in the Plan) through each such vesting date and will vest in full upon a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan).

2. Annual Grant: On the date of each Bellicum annual stockholder meeting, for each Eligible Director who continues to serve as a non-employee member of the Board (or who is first elected to the Board at such annual stockholder meeting), the Eligible Director will be automatically, and without further action by the Board or Compensation Committee of the Board, granted a stock option for 6,500 shares (the “Annual Grant”). In addition, each Eligible Director who is first elected to the Board and other than at an annual stockholder meeting will be automatically, and without further action by the Board or Compensation Committee of the Board, granted an Annual Grant, pro rated for the number of months remaining until the next annual stockholder meeting. The shares subject to the Annual Grant will vest in full on the one-year anniversary of the date of grant, subject to the Eligible Director’s Continuous Service (as defined in the Plan) through such vesting date and will vest in full upon a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan).

As updated effective December 11, 2019

(and further updated to reflect the 10 for 1 reverse stock split effected on February 5, 2020)

EX-10.2

Exhibit 10.2

Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

2019 Equity Incentive Plan

Adopted by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors: April 22, 2019

Approved by the Stockholders: June 13, 2019

Amended and Approved by the Board of Directors: July 9, 2019

Amended by the Board of Directors: December 2, 2019

Approved by the Stockholders: January 15, 2020

Amended by the Board of Directors: April 16, 2020

Amended by the Board of Directors: April 22, 2020

Approved by the Stockholders: June 15, 2020

Amended by the Board of Directors: July 23, 2020

1.General.

(a)Successor to and Continuation of 2014 Plan.

(i)The Plan is intended as the successor to and continuation of the Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2014 Plan”). From and after 12:01 a.m. Pacific time on the Effective Date, no additional stock awards will be granted under the 2014 Plan. All Stock Awards granted on or after 12:01 a.m. Pacific Time on the Effective Date will be granted under this Plan. All stock awards granted under the 2014 Plan or under the Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2011 Stock Option Plan, as amended, and the Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2006 Stock Option Plan, as amended (together with the 2014 Plan and the 2011 Plan, the “Prior Plans”), will remain subject to the terms of the Prior Plans.

(ii)Any shares that would otherwise remain available for future grants under the 2014 Plan as of 12:01 a.m. Pacific Time on the Effective Date (the “2014 Plan’s Available Reserve”) will cease to be available under the 2014 Plan at such time and will not be available under this Plan.

(iii)From and after 12:01 a.m. Pacific time on the Effective Date, any shares subject, at such time, to outstanding stock awards granted under any of the Prior Plans (each, a “Prior Plan Award”) that (i) are not issued because such stock award or any portion thereof expires or otherwise terminates without all of the shares covered by such stock award having been issued; (ii) are not issued because such stock award or any portion thereof is settled in cash; and (iii) are forfeited back to or repurchased by the Company because of the failure to meet a contingency or condition required for the vesting of such shares (such shares the “Prior Plans’ Returning Shares”) will immediately be added to the Share Reserve (pursuant to the provisions described in Section 3(a) below) as and when such shares become Prior Plans’ Returning Shares, up to the maximum number set forth in Section 3(a) below.

(b)Eligible Stock Award Recipients. Subject to Section 4, Employees, Directors and Consultants are eligible to receive Stock Awards.

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(c)Available Stock Awards. The Plan provides for the grant of the following types of Stock Awards: (i) Incentive Stock Options, (ii) Nonstatutory Stock Options, (iii) Stock Appreciation Rights, (iv) Restricted Stock Awards, (v) Restricted Stock Unit Awards, (vi) Performance Stock Awards, and (vii) Other Stock Awards.

(d)Purpose. The Plan, through the grant of Stock Awards, is intended to help the Company and any Affiliate secure and retain the services of eligible award recipients, provide incentives for such persons to exert maximum efforts for the success of the Company and any Affiliate, and provide a means by which the eligible recipients may benefit from increases in value of the Common Stock.

2.Administration.

(a)Administration by Board. The Board will administer the Plan. The Board may delegate administration of the Plan to a Committee or Committees, as provided in Section 2(c).

(b)Powers of Board. The Board will have the power, subject to, and within the limitations of, the express provisions of the Plan:

(i)To determine: (A) who will be granted Stock Awards; (B) when and how each Stock Award will be granted; (C) what type of Stock Award will be granted; (D) the provisions of each Stock Award (which need not be identical), including when a person will be permitted to exercise or otherwise receive cash or Common Stock under the Stock Award (subject to Section 2(i)); (E) the number of shares of Common Stock subject to, or the cash value of, a Stock Award; and (F) the Fair Market Value applicable to a Stock Award.

(ii)To construe and interpret the Plan and Stock Awards granted under it, and to establish, amend and revoke rules and regulations for administration of the Plan and Stock Awards. The Board, in the exercise of these powers, may correct any defect, omission or inconsistency in the Plan or in any Stock Award Agreement, in a manner and to the extent it will deem necessary or expedient to make the Plan or Stock Award fully effective.

(iii)To settle all controversies regarding the Plan and Stock Awards granted under it.

(iv)Subject to Section 2(i), to accelerate, in whole or in part, the time at which a Stock Award may be exercised or vest (or the time at which cash or shares of Common Stock may be issued in settlement thereof).

(v)To suspend or terminate the Plan at any time. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or a Stock Award Agreement, suspension or termination of the Plan will not materially impair a Participant’s rights under the Participant’s then-outstanding Stock Award without the Participant’s written consent, except as provided in subsection (viii) below.

(vi)To amend the Plan in any respect the Board deems necessary or advisable, including, without limitation, by adopting amendments relating to Incentive Stock Options and

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certain nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A of the Code and/or bringing the Plan or Stock Awards granted under the Plan into compliance with the requirements for Incentive Stock Options or ensuring that they are exempt from, or compliant with, the requirements for nonqualified deferred compensation under Section 409A of the Code, subject to the limitations, if any, of applicable law. If required by applicable law or listing requirements, and except as provided in Section 9(a) relating to Capitalization Adjustments, the Company will seek stockholder approval of any amendment of the Plan that (A) materially increases the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan, (B) materially expands the class of individuals eligible to receive Stock Awards under the Plan, (C) materially increases the benefits accruing to Participants under the Plan, (D) materially reduces the price at which shares of Common Stock may be issued or purchased under the Plan, (E) materially extends the term of the Plan, or (F) materially expands the types of Stock Awards available for issuance under the Plan. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or a Stock Award Agreement, no amendment of the Plan will materially impair a Participant’s rights under an outstanding Stock Award without the Participant’s written consent.

(vii)To submit any amendment to the Plan for stockholder approval, including, but not limited to, amendments to the Plan intended to satisfy the requirements of (A) Section 422 of the Code regarding “incentive stock options” or (B) Rule 16b-3.

(viii)To approve forms of Stock Award Agreements for use under the Plan and to amend the terms of any one or more Stock Awards, including, but not limited to, amendments to provide terms more favorable to the Participant than previously provided in the Stock Award Agreement, subject to any specified limits in the Plan that are not subject to Board discretion; provided, however, that a Participant’s rights under any Stock Award will not be impaired by any such amendment unless (A) the Company requests the consent of the affected Participant, and (B) such Participant consents in writing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (1) a Participant’s rights will not be deemed to have been impaired by any such amendment if the Board, in its sole discretion, determines that the amendment, taken as a whole, does not materially impair the Participant’s rights, and (2) subject to the limitations of applicable law, if any, the Board may amend the terms of any one or more Stock Awards without the affected Participant’s consent (A) to maintain the qualified status of the Stock Award as an Incentive Stock Option under Section 422 of the Code; (B) to change the terms of an Incentive Stock Option, if such change results in impairment of the Stock Award solely because it impairs the qualified status of the Stock Award as an Incentive Stock Option under Section 422 of the Code; (C) to clarify the manner of exemption from, or to bring the Stock Award into compliance with, Section 409A of the Code; or (D) to comply with other applicable laws or listing requirements.

(ix)Generally, to exercise such powers and to perform such acts as the Board deems necessary or expedient to promote the best interests of the Company and that are not in conflict with the provisions of the Plan or Stock Awards.

(x)To adopt such procedures and sub-plans as are necessary or appropriate to permit participation in the Plan by Employees, Directors or Consultants who are foreign nationals or employed outside the United States (provided that Board approval will not be

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necessary for immaterial modifications to the Plan or any Stock Award Agreement that are required for compliance with the laws of the relevant foreign jurisdiction).

(c)Delegation to Committee.

(i)General. The Board may delegate some or all of the administration of the Plan to a Committee or Committees. If administration of the Plan is delegated to a Committee, the Committee will have, in connection with the administration of the Plan, the powers theretofore possessed by the Board that have been delegated to the Committee, including the power to delegate to a subcommittee of the Committee any of the administrative powers the Committee is authorized to exercise (and references in this Plan to the Board will thereafter be to the Committee or subcommittee, as applicable). Any delegation of administrative powers will be reflected in resolutions, not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, adopted from time to time by the Board or Committee (as applicable). The Board may retain the authority to concurrently administer the Plan with the Committee and may, at any time, revest in the Board some or all of the powers previously delegated.

(ii)Rule 16b-3 Compliance. The Committee may consist solely of two or more Non-Employee Directors, in accordance with Rule 16b-3.

(d)Delegation to an Officer. The Board may delegate to one (1) or more Officers the authority to do one or both of the following (i) designate Employees who are not Officers to be recipients of Options and SARs (and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, other Stock Awards) and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the terms of such Stock Awards, and (ii) determine the number of shares of Common Stock to be subject to such Stock Awards granted to such Employees; provided, however,that the Board resolutions regarding such delegation will specify the total number of shares of Common Stock that may be subject to the Stock Awards granted by such Officer and that such Officer may not grant a Stock Award to himself or herself. Any such Stock Awards will be granted on the form of Stock Award Agreement most recently approved for use by the Committee or the Board, unless otherwise provided in the resolutions approving the delegation authority. The Board may not delegate authority to an Officer who is acting solely in the capacity of an Officer (and not also as a Director) to determine the Fair Market Value pursuant to Section 13(w)(iii) below.

(e)Effect of Board’s Decision. All determinations, interpretations and constructions made by the Board in good faith will not be subject to review by any person and will be final, binding and conclusive on all persons.

(f)Cancellation and Re-Grant of Stock Awards. Neither the Board nor any Committee will have the authority to: (i) reduce the exercise price or strike price of any outstanding Options or Stock Appreciation Rights under the Plan, or (ii) cancel any outstanding Options or Stock Appreciation Rights that have an exercise price or strike price greater than the current Fair Market Value of the Common Stock in exchange for cash or other Stock Awards under the Plan, unless the stockholders of the Company have approved such an action within twelve months prior to such an event.

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(g)Minimum Vesting Requirements. No Stock Award may vest (or, if applicable, be exercisable) until at least 12 months following the date of grant of the Stock Award; provided, however, that shares of Common Stock up to 5% of the Share Reserve (as defined in Section 3(a)) may be issued pursuant to Stock Awards that do not meet such vesting (and, if applicable, exercisability) requirements.

(h)Dividends and Dividend Equivalents. Dividends or dividend equivalents may be paid or credited, as applicable, with respect to any shares of Common Stock subject to an Award, as determined by the Board and contained in the applicable Award Agreement; provided, however, that (i) no dividends or dividend equivalents may be paid with respect to any such shares before the date such shares have vested under the terms of such Award Agreement, (ii) any dividends or dividend equivalents that are credited with respect to any such shares will be subject to all of the terms and conditions applicable to such shares under the terms of such Award Agreement (including, but not limited to, any vesting conditions), and (iii) any dividends or dividend equivalents that are credited with respect to any such shares will be forfeited to the Company on the date, if any, such shares are forfeited to or repurchased by the Company due to a failure to meet any vesting conditions under the terms of such Award Agreement.

(i)Restrictions on Accelerated Vesting. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in the Plan, after the time a Stock Award has been granted the Board may not accelerate the time or times at which a Stock Award vests or becomes exercisable, except in connection with a Transaction or the death or Disability of a Participant.

3.Shares Subject to the Plan.

(a)Share Reserve.

(i)Subject to Section 9(a) relating to Capitalization Adjustments, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to Stock Awards from and after the Effective Date will consist of (i) 250,000 shares, plus (ii) an additional 600,000 shares that were approved at the Company’s Special Meeting of Stockholders in 2020, plus (iii) an additional 500,000 shares that were approved at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders in 2020, plus (iv) the number of shares that are the Prior Plans’ Returning Shares, as such shares become available from time to time pursuant to the provisions of this Section 3, up to a maximum of 600,540 shares (such total number of potential shares in (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), the “Share Reserve”). Upon the Effective Date, (1) the number of shares subject to the 2014 Plan’s Available Reserve shall cease to be available for grant, whether under the 2014 Plan or this Plan and (2) any shares remaining available for grant under the 2014 Plan Inducement Share Pool (as defined in the 2014 Plan) shall cease to be available for grant.

(ii)Subject to Section 3(b), the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan will be reduced by: (A) one (1) share for each share of Common Stock issued pursuant to an Appreciation Award granted under the Plan; and (B) 1.25 shares for each share of Common Stock issued pursuant to a Full Value Award granted under the Plan.

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(iii)Subject to Section 3(b), the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan will be increased by: (A) one (1) share for each Prior Plans’ Returning Share or 2019 Plan Returning Share (as defined in Section 3(b)(i)) subject to an Appreciation Award; and (B) 1.25 shares for each Prior Plans’ Returning Share or 2019 Plan Returning Share subject to a Full Value Award.

(iv)For clarity, the Share Reserve in this Section 3(a) is a limitation on the number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to the Plan. Accordingly, this Section 3(a) does not limit the granting of Stock Awards except as provided in Section 7(a). Shares may be issued in connection with a merger or acquisition as permitted by NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c) or, if applicable, NYSE Listed Company Manual Section 303A.08, AMEX Company Guide Section 711 or other applicable rule, and such issuance will not reduce the number of shares available for issuance under the Plan.

(b)Reversion of Shares to the Share Reserve.

(i)Shares Available for Subsequent Issuance. The following shares of Common Stock (collectively, the “2019 Plan Returning Shares”) will become available again for issuance under the Plan: (A) any shares subject to a Stock Award that are not issued because such Stock Award or any portion thereof expires or otherwise terminates without all of the shares covered by such Stock Award having been issued; (B) any shares subject to a Stock Award that are not issued because such Stock Award or any portion thereof is settled in cash; and (C) any shares issued pursuant to a Stock Award that are forfeited back to or repurchased by the Company because of the failure to meet a contingency or condition required for the vesting of such shares.

(ii)Shares Not Available for Subsequent Issuance. The following shares of Common Stock will not become available again for issuance under the Plan: (A) any shares that are reacquired or withheld (or not issued) by the Company to satisfy the exercise, strike or purchase price of a Stock Award or a Prior Plan Award (including any shares subject to such award that are not delivered because such award is exercised through a reduction of shares subject to such award (i.e., “net exercised”)); (B) any shares that are reacquired or withheld (or not issued) by the Company to satisfy a tax withholding obligation in connection with a Stock Award or a Prior Plan Award; (C) any shares repurchased by the Company on the open market with the proceeds of the exercise, strike or purchase price of a Stock Award or a Prior Plan Award; and (D) in the event that a Stock Appreciation Right granted under the Plan or a stock appreciation right granted under any of the Prior Plans is settled in shares of Common Stock, the gross number of shares of Common Stock subject to such award.

(c)Incentive Stock Option Limit. Subject to the provisions of Section 9(a) relating to Capitalization Adjustments, the aggregate maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to the exercise of Incentive Stock Options will be 3,901,080 shares of Common Stock.

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(d)Source of Shares. The stock issuable under the Plan will be shares of authorized but unissued or reacquired Common Stock, including shares repurchased by the Company on the open market or otherwise.

(e)Limitation on Grants to Non-Employee Directors. The aggregate value of all compensation granted or paid (as applicable) in any calendar year to any individual for service as a Non-Employee Director, including Stock Awards granted under the Plan or otherwise and any cash fees paid by the Company to such Non-Employee Director, will not exceed $600,000 in total value (calculating the value of any such Stock Awards based on the grant date fair value of such Stock Awards for financial reporting purposes), or, with respect to the calendar year in which a Non-Employee Director is first appointed or elected to the Board, $1,000,000.

(f)Inducement Share Pool and Inducement Award Rules. This Section 3(f) will apply with respect to an additional 331,820 shares of Common Stock reserved under this Plan by action of the Board (or a committee thereof) to be used exclusively for the grant of Inducement Awards in compliance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c)(4) (the “Inducement Shares”). The Inducement Shares that may be awarded under this Section 3(f) shall be in addition to and shall not reduce the Share Reserve.

In addition, the following rules and restrictions shall apply to any Inducement Award granted pursuant to the Plan:

(i)Eligible Inducement Award Recipients. An Inducement Award may be granted only to an Employee who has not previously been an Employee or a Non-Employee Director of the Company or an Affiliate, or following a bona fide period of non-employment, as an inducement material to the individual’s entering into employment with the Company within the meaning of Rule 5635(c)(4) of the NASDAQ Listing Rules.

(ii)No Incentive Stock Options. No Inducement Award may be designated as an Incentive Stock Option.

(iii)Approval of Inducement Awards. All Inducement Awards must be granted by a Committee consisting of the majority of the Company’s independent directors or the Company’s independent compensation committee, in each case in accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c)(4).

(iv)Limitation on Share Recycling. The shares of Common Stock underlying any Inducement Awards that are forfeited, canceled, held back upon exercise of an Inducement Award or settlement of an Inducement Award to cover the exercise price or tax withholding, reacquired or repurchased by the Company, satisfied without the issuance of Common Stock or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) shall be added back to the Inducement Shares available for grant under this Section 3(f), but shall not be added back to the Share Reserve.

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4.Eligibility.

(a)Eligibility for Specific Stock Awards. Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to employees of the Company or a “parent corporation” or “subsidiary corporation” thereof (as such terms are defined in Sections 424(e) and 424(f) of the Code). Stock Awards other than Incentive Stock Options may be granted to Employees, Directors and Consultants; provided, however, that Stock Awards may not be granted to Employees, Directors and Consultants who are providing Continuous Service only to any “parent” of the Company, as such term is defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act, unless (i) the stock underlying such Stock Awards is treated as “service recipient stock” under Section 409A of the Code (for example, because the Stock Awards are granted pursuant to a corporate transaction such as a spin off transaction), (ii) the Company, in consultation with its legal counsel, has determined that such Stock Awards are otherwise exempt from Section 409A of the Code, or (iii) the Company, in consultation with its legal counsel, has determined that such Stock Awards comply with the distribution requirements of Section 409A of the Code.

(b)Ten Percent Stockholders. A Ten Percent Stockholder will not be granted an Incentive Stock Option unless the exercise price of such Option is at least 110% of the Fair Market Value on the date of grant and the Option is not exercisable after the expiration of five years from the date of grant.

5.Provisions Relating to Options and Stock Appreciation Rights.

Each Option or SAR will be in such form and will contain such terms and conditions as the Board deems appropriate. All Options will be separately designated Incentive Stock Options or Nonstatutory Stock Options at the time of grant, and, if certificates are issued, a separate certificate or certificates will be issued for shares of Common Stock purchased on exercise of each type of Option. If an Option is not specifically designated as an Incentive Stock Option, or if an Option is designated as an Incentive Stock Option but some portion or all of the Option fails to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option under the applicable rules, then the Option (or portion thereof) will be a Nonstatutory Stock Option. The provisions of separate Options or SARs need not be identical; provided, however, that each Stock Award Agreement will conform to (through incorporation of provisions hereof by reference in the applicable Stock Award Agreement or otherwise) the substance of each of the following provisions:

(a)Term. Subject to the provisions of Section 4(b) regarding Ten Percent Stockholders, no Option or SAR will be exercisable after the expiration of ten years from the date of its grant or such shorter period specified in the Stock Award Agreement.

(b)Exercise Price. Subject to the provisions of Section 4(b) regarding Ten Percent Stockholders, the exercise or strike price of each Option or SAR will be not less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to the Option or SAR on the date the Stock Award is granted. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Option or SAR may be granted with an exercise or strike price lower than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to the Stock Award if such Stock Award is granted pursuant to an assumption of or substitution for another option or stock appreciation right pursuant to a Transaction and in a manner

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consistent with the provisions of Section 409A and, if applicable, Section 424(a) of the Code. Each SAR will be denominated in shares of Common Stock equivalents.

(c)Purchase Price for Options. The purchase price of Common Stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of an Option may be paid, to the extent permitted by applicable law and as determined by the Board in its sole discretion, by any combination of the methods of payment set forth below. The Board will have the authority to grant Options that do not permit all of the following methods of payment (or otherwise restrict the ability to use certain methods) and to grant Options that require the consent of the Company to use a particular method of payment. The permitted methods of payment are as follows:

(i)by cash, check, bank draft or money order payable to the Company;

(ii)pursuant to a program developed under Regulation T as promulgated by the Federal Reserve Board that, prior to the issuance of the stock subject to the Option, results in either the receipt of cash (or check) by the Company or the receipt of irrevocable instructions to pay the aggregate exercise price to the Company from the sales proceeds;

(iii)by delivery to the Company (either by actual delivery or attestation) of shares of Common Stock;

(iv)if an Option is a Nonstatutory Stock Option, by a “net exercise” arrangement pursuant to which the Company will reduce the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise by the largest whole number of shares with a Fair Market Value that does not exceed the aggregate exercise price; provided, however, that the Company will accept a cash or other payment from the Participant to the extent of any remaining balance of the aggregate exercise price not satisfied by such reduction in the number of whole shares to be issued. Shares of Common Stock will no longer be subject to an Option and will not be exercisable thereafter to the extent that (A) shares issuable upon exercise are used to pay the exercise price pursuant to the “net exercise,” (B) shares are delivered to the Participant as a result of such exercise, and (C) shares are withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations; or

(v)in any other form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to the Board and specified in the applicable Stock Award Agreement.

(d)Exercise and Payment of a SAR. To exercise any outstanding SAR, the Participant must provide written notice of exercise to the Company in compliance with the provisions of the Stock Appreciation Right Agreement evidencing such SAR. The appreciation distribution payable on the exercise of a SAR will be not greater than an amount equal to the excess of (A) the aggregate Fair Market Value (on the date of the exercise of the SAR) of a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of Common Stock equivalents in which the Participant is vested under such SAR, and with respect to which the Participant is exercising the SAR on such date, over (B) the aggregate strike price of the number of Common Stock equivalents with respect to which the Participant is exercising the SAR on such date. The appreciation distribution may be paid in Common Stock, in cash, in any combination of the two

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or in any other form of consideration, as determined by the Board and contained in the Stock Award Agreement evidencing such SAR.

(e)Transferability of Options and SARs. The Board may, in its sole discretion, impose such limitations on the transferability of Options and SARs as the Board will determine. In the absence of such a determination by the Board to the contrary, the restrictions set forth in this Section 5(e) on the transferability of Options and SARs will apply. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything in the Plan or an Award Agreement to the contrary, no Option or SAR may be transferred to any financial institution without prior stockholder approval.

(i)Restrictions on Transfer. An Option or SAR will not be transferable except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution (or pursuant to subsections (ii) and (iii) below), and will be exercisable during the lifetime of the Participant only by the Participant. Subject to the foregoing paragraph, the Board may permit transfer of the Option or SAR in a manner that is not prohibited by applicable tax and securities laws. Except as explicitly provided in the Plan, neither an Option nor a SAR may be transferred for consideration.

(ii)Domestic Relations Orders. Subject to the approval of the Board or a duly authorized Officer, an Option or SAR may be transferred pursuant to the terms of a domestic relations order, official marital settlement agreement or other divorce or separation instrument as permitted by Treasury Regulations Section 1.421-1(b)(2). If an Option is an Incentive Stock Option, such Option may be deemed to be a Nonstatutory Stock Option as a result of such transfer.

(iii)Beneficiary Designation. Subject to the approval of the Board or a duly authorized Officer, a Participant may, by delivering written notice to the Company, in a form approved by the Company (or the designated broker), designate a third party who, on the death of the Participant, will thereafter be entitled to exercise the Option or SAR and receive the Common Stock or other consideration resulting from such exercise. In the absence of such a designation, upon the death of the Participant, the executor or administrator of the Participant’s estate will be entitled to exercise the Option or SAR and receive the Common Stock or other consideration resulting from such exercise. However, the Company may prohibit designation of a beneficiary at any time, including due to any conclusion by the Company that such designation would be inconsistent with the provisions of applicable laws.

(f)Vesting Generally. The total number of shares of Common Stock subject to an Option or SAR may vest and become exercisable in periodic installments that may or may not be equal. The Option or SAR may be subject to such other terms and conditions on the time or times when it may or may not be exercised (which may be based on the satisfaction of Performance Goals or other criteria) as the Board may deem appropriate. The vesting provisions of individual Options or SARs may vary. The provisions of this Section 5(f) are subject to Sections 2(g) and 2(i) and any Option or SAR provisions governing the minimum number of shares of Common Stock as to which an Option or SAR may be exercised.

(g)Termination of Continuous Service. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable Stock Award Agreement or other agreement between the Participant and the

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Company or an Affiliate, if a Participant’s Continuous Service terminates (other than for Cause and other than upon the Participant’s death or Disability), the Participant may exercise his or her Option or SAR (to the extent that the Participant was entitled to exercise such Stock Award as of the date of termination of Continuous Service) within the period of time ending on the earlier of (i) the date three months following the termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service (or such longer or shorter period specified in the applicable Stock Award Agreement), and (ii) the expiration of the term of the Option or SAR as set forth in the Stock Award Agreement. If, after termination of Continuous Service, the Participant does not exercise his or her Option or SAR (as applicable) within the applicable time frame, the Option or SAR will terminate.

(h)Extension of Termination Date. If the exercise of an Option or SAR following the termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service (other than for Cause and other than upon the Participant’s death or Disability) would be prohibited at any time solely because the issuance of shares of Common Stock would violate the registration requirements under the Securities Act, then the Option or SAR will terminate on the earlier of (i) the expiration of a total period of time (that need not be consecutive) equal to the applicable post termination exercise period after the termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service during which the exercise of the Option or SAR would not be in violation of such registration requirements, and (ii) the expiration of the term of the Option or SAR as set forth in the applicable Stock Award Agreement. In addition, unless otherwise provided in a Participant’s Stock Award Agreement, if the sale of any Common Stock received on exercise of an Option or SAR following the termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service (other than for Cause) would violate the Company’s insider trading policy, then the Option or SAR will terminate on the earlier of (i) the expiration of a period of months (that need not be consecutive) equal to the applicable post-termination exercise period after the termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service during which the sale of the Common Stock received upon exercise of the Option or SAR would not be in violation of the Company’s insider trading policy, or (ii) the expiration of the term of the Option or SAR as set forth in the applicable Stock Award Agreement.

(i)Disability of Participant. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable Stock Award Agreement or other agreement between the Participant and the Company or an Affiliate, if a Participant’s Continuous Service terminates as a result of the Participant’s Disability, the Participant may exercise his or her Option or SAR (to the extent that the Participant was entitled to exercise such Option or SAR as of the date of termination of Continuous Service), but only within such period of time ending on the earlier of (i) the date 12 months following such termination of Continuous Service (or such longer or shorter period specified in the Stock Award Agreement), and (ii) the expiration of the term of the Option or SAR as set forth in the Stock Award Agreement. If, after termination of Continuous Service, the Participant does not exercise his or her Option or SAR within the applicable time frame, the Option or SAR (as applicable) will terminate.

(j)Death of Participant. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable Stock Award Agreement or other agreement between the Participant and the Company or an Affiliate, if (i) a Participant’s Continuous Service terminates as a result of the Participant’s death, or (ii) the Participant dies within the period (if any) specified in the Stock Award Agreement for

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exercisability after the termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service for a reason other than death, then the Option or SAR may be exercised (to the extent the Participant was entitled to exercise such Option or SAR as of the date of death) by the Participant’s estate, by a person who acquired the right to exercise the Option or SAR by bequest or inheritance or by a person designated to exercise the Option or SAR upon the Participant’s death, but only within the period ending on the earlier of (i) the date 18 months following the date of death (or such longer or shorter period specified in the Stock Award Agreement), and (ii) the expiration of the term of such Option or SAR as set forth in the Stock Award Agreement. If, after the Participant’s death, the Option or SAR is not exercised within the applicable time frame, the Option or SAR (as applicable) will terminate.

(k)Termination for Cause. Except as explicitly provided otherwise in a Participant’s Stock Award Agreement or other individual written agreement between the Company or any Affiliate and the Participant, if a Participant’s Continuous Service is terminated for Cause, the Option or SAR will terminate immediately upon such Participant’s termination of Continuous Service, and the Participant will be prohibited from exercising his or her Option or SAR from and after the time of such termination of Continuous Service.

(l)Non-Exempt Employees. If an Option or SAR is granted to an Employee who is a non-exempt employee for purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended, the Option or SAR will not be first exercisable for any shares of Common Stock until at least six months following the date of grant of the Option or SAR (although the Stock Award may vest prior to such date). Consistent with the provisions of the Worker Economic Opportunity Act, (i) if such non-exempt Employee dies or suffers a Disability, (ii) upon a Corporate Transaction in which such Option or SAR is not assumed, continued, or substituted, (iii) upon a Change in Control, or (iv) upon the Participant’s retirement (as such term may be defined in the Participant’s Stock Award Agreement in another agreement between the Participant and the Company or an Affiliate, or, if no such definition, in accordance with the Company’s or an Affiliate’s then current employment policies and guidelines), the vested portion of any Options and SARs may be exercised earlier than six months following the date of grant. The foregoing provision is intended to operate so that any income derived by a non-exempt employee in connection with the exercise or vesting of an Option or SAR will be exempt from his or her regular rate of pay. To the extent permitted and/or required for compliance with the Worker Economic Opportunity Act to ensure that any income derived by a non-exempt employee in connection with the exercise, vesting or issuance of any shares under any other Stock Award will be exempt from the employee’s regular rate of pay, the provisions of this Section 5(l) will apply to all Stock Awards and are hereby incorporated by reference into such Stock Award Agreements.

6.Provisions of Stock Awards other than Options and SARs.

(a)Restricted Stock Awards. Each Restricted Stock Award Agreement will be in such form and will contain such terms and conditions as the Board will deem appropriate. To the extent consistent with the Company’s bylaws, at the Board’s election, shares of Common Stock may be (x) held in book entry form subject to the Company’s instructions until any restrictions

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relating to the Restricted Stock Award lapse; or (y) evidenced by a certificate, which certificate will be held in such form and manner as determined by the Board. The terms and conditions of Restricted Stock Award Agreements may change from time to time, and the terms and conditions of separate Restricted Stock Award Agreements need not be identical. Each Restricted Stock Award Agreement will conform to (through incorporation of the provisions hereof by reference in the agreement or otherwise) the substance of each of the following provisions:

(i)Consideration. A Restricted Stock Award may be awarded in consideration for (A) cash, check, bank draft or money order payable to the Company, (B) past services to the Company or an Affiliate, or (C) any other form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to the Board, in its sole discretion, and permissible under applicable law.

(ii)Vesting. Subject to Sections 2(g) and 2(i), shares of Common Stock awarded under the Restricted Stock Award Agreement may be subject to forfeiture to the Company in accordance with a vesting schedule to be determined by the Board.

(iii)Termination of Participant’s Continuous Service. If a Participant’s Continuous Service terminates, the Company may receive through a forfeiture condition or a repurchase right any or all of the shares of Common Stock held by the Participant that have not vested as of the date of termination of Continuous Service under the terms of the Restricted Stock Award Agreement.

(iv)Transferability. Rights to acquire shares of Common Stock under the Restricted Stock Award Agreement will be transferable by the Participant only upon such terms and conditions as are set forth in the Restricted Stock Award Agreement, as the Board will determine in its sole discretion, so long as Common Stock awarded under the Restricted Stock Award Agreement remains subject to the terms of the Restricted Stock Award Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything in the Plan or a Restricted Stock Award Agreement to the contrary, no Restricted Stock Award may be transferred to any financial institution without prior stockholder approval.

(b)Restricted Stock Unit Awards. Each Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement will be in such form and will contain such terms and conditions as the Board will deem appropriate. The terms and conditions of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreements may change from time to time, and the terms and conditions of separate Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreements need not be identical. Each Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement will conform to (through incorporation of the provisions hereof by reference in the Agreement or otherwise) the substance of each of the following provisions:

(i)Consideration. At the time of grant of a Restricted Stock Unit Award, the Board will determine the consideration, if any, to be paid by the Participant upon delivery of each share of Common Stock subject to the Restricted Stock Unit Award. The consideration to be paid (if any) by the Participant for each share of Common Stock subject to a Restricted Stock Unit Award may be paid in any form of legal consideration that may be acceptable to the Board, in its sole discretion, and permissible under applicable law.

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(ii)Vesting. Subject to Sections 2(g) and 2(i), at the time of the grant of a Restricted Stock Unit Award, the Board may impose such restrictions on or conditions to the vesting of the Restricted Stock Unit Award as it, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate.

(iii)Payment. A Restricted Stock Unit Award may be settled by the delivery of shares of Common Stock, their cash equivalent, any combination thereof or in any other form of consideration, as determined by the Board and contained in the Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.

(iv)Additional Restrictions. At the time of the grant of a Restricted Stock Unit Award, the Board, as it deems appropriate, may impose such restrictions or conditions that delay the delivery of the shares of Common Stock (or their cash equivalent) subject to a Restricted Stock Unit Award to a time after the vesting of such Restricted Stock Unit Award.

(v)Termination of Participant’s Continuous Service. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, such portion of the Restricted Stock Unit Award that has not vested will be forfeited upon the Participant’s termination of Continuous Service.

(c)Performance Stock Awards.

(i)Performance Stock Awards. A Performance Stock Award is a Stock Award that is payable (including that may be granted, may vest or may be exercised) contingent upon the attainment during a Performance Period of certain Performance Goals. A Performance Stock Award may, but need not, require the Participant’s completion of a specified period of Continuous Service. Subject to Sections 2(g) and 2(i), the length of any Performance Period, the Performance Goals to be achieved during the Performance Period, and the measure of whether and to what degree such Performance Goals have been attained will be conclusively determined by the Board, in its sole discretion. In addition, to the extent permitted by applicable law and the applicable Stock Award Agreement, the Board may determine that cash may be used in payment of Performance Stock Awards.

(ii)Board Discretion. The Board retains the discretion to reduce or eliminate and to make other appropriate adjustments selected by the Board the compensation or economic benefit due upon attainment of Performance Goals and to define the manner of calculating the Performance Criteria it selects to use for a Performance Period. Partial achievement of the specified criteria may result in the payment or vesting corresponding to the degree of achievement as specified in the Stock Award Agreement.

(d)Other Stock Awards. Other forms of Stock Awards valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, Common Stock, including the appreciation in value thereof (e.g., options or stock rights with an exercise price or strike price less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock at the time of grant) may be granted either alone or in addition to Stock Awards provided for under Section 5 and the preceding provisions of this Section 6. Subject to the provisions of the Plan (including, but not limited to, Sections 2(g) and 2(i)), the Board will have sole and complete authority to determine the persons to whom and the

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time or times at which such Other Stock Awards will be granted, the number of shares of Common Stock (or the cash equivalent thereof) to be granted pursuant to such Other Stock Awards and all other terms and conditions of such Other Stock Awards.

7.Covenants of the Company.

(a)Availability of Shares. The Company will keep available at all times the number of shares of Common Stock reasonably required to satisfy then-outstanding Stock Awards.

(b)Securities Law Compliance. The Company will seek to obtain from each regulatory commission or agency having jurisdiction over the Plan such authority as may be required to grant Stock Awards and to issue and sell shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Stock Awards; provided, however, that this undertaking will not require the Company to register under the Securities Act the Plan, any Stock Award or any Common Stock issued or issuable pursuant to any such Stock Award. If, after reasonable efforts and at a reasonable cost, the Company is unable to obtain from any such regulatory commission or agency the authority that counsel for the Company deems necessary for the lawful issuance and sale of Common Stock under the Plan, the Company will be relieved from any liability for failure to issue and sell Common Stock upon exercise of such Stock Awards unless and until such authority is obtained. A Participant will not be eligible for the grant of a Stock Award or the subsequent issuance of cash or Common Stock pursuant to the Stock Award if such grant or issuance would be in violation of any applicable securities law.

(c)No Obligation to Notify or Minimize Taxes. The Company will have no duty or obligation to any Participant to advise such holder as to the time or manner of exercising such Stock Award. Furthermore, the Company will have no duty or obligation to warn or otherwise advise such holder of a pending termination or expiration of a Stock Award or a possible period in which the Stock Award may not be exercised. The Company has no duty or obligation to minimize the tax consequences of a Stock Award to the holder of such Stock Award.

8.Miscellaneous.

(a)Use of Proceeds from Sales of Common Stock. Proceeds from the sale of shares of Common Stock pursuant to Stock Awards will constitute general funds of the Company.

(b)Corporate Action Constituting Grant of Stock Awards. Corporate action constituting a grant by the Company of a Stock Award to any Participant will be deemed completed as of the date of such corporate action, unless otherwise determined by the Board, regardless of when the instrument, certificate, or letter evidencing the Stock Award is communicated to, or actually received or accepted by, the Participant. In the event that the corporate records (e.g., Board consents, resolutions or minutes) documenting the corporate action constituting the grant contain terms (e.g., exercise price, vesting schedule or number of shares) that are inconsistent with those in the Stock Award Agreement or related grant documents as a result of a clerical error in the papering of the Stock Award Agreement or related grant

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documents, the corporate records will control and the Participant will have no legally binding right to the incorrect term in the Stock Award Agreement or related grant documents.

(c)Stockholder Rights. No Participant will be deemed to be the holder of, or to have any of the rights of a holder with respect to, any shares of Common Stock subject to a Stock Award unless and until (i) such Participant has satisfied all requirements for exercise of, or the issuance of shares of Common Stock under, the Stock Award pursuant to its terms, and (ii) the issuance of the Common Stock subject to such Stock Award has been entered into the books and records of the Company.

(d)No Employment or Other Service Rights. Nothing in the Plan, any Stock Award Agreement or any other instrument executed thereunder or in connection with any Stock Award granted pursuant thereto will confer upon any Participant any right to continue to serve the Company or an Affiliate in the capacity in effect at the time the Stock Award was granted or will affect the right of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate (i) the employment of an Employee with or without notice and with or without cause, (ii) the service of a Consultant pursuant to the terms of such Consultant’s agreement with the Company or an Affiliate, or (iii) the service of a Director pursuant to the bylaws of the Company or an Affiliate, and any applicable provisions of the corporate law of the state in which the Company or the Affiliate is incorporated, as the case may be.

(e)Change in Time Commitment. In the event a Participant’s regular level of time commitment in the performance of his or her services for the Company and any Affiliates is reduced (for example, and without limitation, if the Participant is an Employee of the Company and the Employee has a change in status from a full-time Employee to a part-time Employee or takes an extended leave of absence) after the date of grant of any Stock Award to the Participant, the Board has the right in its sole discretion to (x) make a corresponding reduction in the number of shares or cash amount subject to any portion of such Stock Award that is scheduled to vest or become payable after the date of such change in time commitment, and (y) in lieu of or in combination with such a reduction, extend the vesting or payment schedule applicable to such Stock Award. In the event of any such reduction, the Participant will have no right with respect to any portion of the Stock Award that is so reduced or extended.

(f)Incentive Stock Option Limitations. To the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value (determined at the time of grant) of Common Stock with respect to which Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by any Optionholder during any calendar year (under all plans of the Company and any Affiliates) exceeds $100,000 (or such other limit established in the Code) or otherwise does not comply with the rules governing Incentive Stock Options, the Options or portions thereof that exceed such limit (according to the order in which they were granted) or otherwise do not comply with such rules will be treated as Nonstatutory Stock Options, notwithstanding any contrary provision of the applicable Option Agreement(s).

(g)Investment Assurances. The Company may require a Participant, as a condition of exercising or acquiring Common Stock under any Stock Award, (i) to give written assurances satisfactory to the Company as to the Participant’s knowledge and experience in financial and

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business matters and/or to employ a purchaser representative reasonably satisfactory to the Company who is knowledgeable and experienced in financial and business matters and that such Participant is capable of evaluating, alone or together with the purchaser representative, the merits and risks of exercising the Stock Award; and (ii) to give written assurances satisfactory to the Company stating that the Participant is acquiring Common Stock subject to the Stock Award for the Participant’s own account and not with any present intention of selling or otherwise distributing the Common Stock. The foregoing requirements, and any assurances given pursuant to such requirements, will be inoperative if (A) the issuance of the shares upon the exercise or acquisition of Common Stock under the Stock Award has been registered under a then currently effective registration statement under the Securities Act, or (B) as to any particular requirement, a determination is made by counsel for the Company that such requirement need not be met in the circumstances under the then applicable securities laws. The Company may, upon advice of counsel to the Company, place legends on stock certificates issued under the Plan as such counsel deems necessary or appropriate in order to comply with applicable securities laws, including, but not limited to, legends restricting the transfer of the Common Stock.

(h)Withholding Obligations. Unless prohibited by the terms of a Stock Award Agreement, the Company may, in its sole discretion, satisfy any federal, state or local tax withholding obligation relating to a Stock Award by any of the following means or by a combination of such means: (i) causing the Participant to tender a cash payment; (ii) withholding shares of Common Stock from the shares of Common Stock issued or otherwise issuable to the Participant in connection with the Stock Award; (iii) withholding cash from a Stock Award settled in cash; (iv) withholding payment from any amounts otherwise payable to the Participant; or (v) by such other method as may be set forth in the Stock Award Agreement.

(i)Electronic Delivery. Any reference herein to a “written” agreement or document will include any agreement or document delivered electronically, filed publicly at www.sec.gov (or any successor website thereto) or posted on the Company’s intranet (or other shared electronic medium controlled by the Company to which the Participant has access).

(j)Deferrals. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Board, in its sole discretion, may determine that the delivery of Common Stock or the payment of cash, upon the exercise, vesting or settlement of all or a portion of any Stock Award may be deferred and may establish programs and procedures for deferral elections to be made by Participants. Deferrals by Participants will be made in accordance with Section 409A of the Code. Consistent with Section 409A of the Code, the Board may provide for distributions while a Participant is still an employee or otherwise providing services to the Company or an Affiliate. The Board is authorized to make deferrals of Stock Awards and determine when, and in what annual percentages, Participants may receive payments, including lump sum payments, following the Participant’s termination of Continuous Service, and implement such other terms and conditions consistent with the provisions of the Plan and in accordance with applicable law.

(k)Compliance with Section 409A of the Code. Unless otherwise expressly provided for in a Stock Award Agreement, the Plan and Stock Award Agreements will be interpreted to the greatest extent possible in a manner that makes the Plan and the Stock Awards

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granted hereunder exempt from Section 409A of the Code, and, to the extent not so exempt, in compliance with Section 409A of the Code. If the Board determines that any Stock Award granted hereunder is not exempt from and is therefore subject to Section 409A of the Code, the Stock Award Agreement evidencing such Stock Award will incorporate the terms and conditions necessary to avoid the consequences specified in Section 409A(a)(1) of the Code, and to the extent a Stock Award Agreement is silent on terms necessary for compliance, such terms are hereby incorporated by reference into the Stock Award Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Plan (and unless the Stock Award Agreement specifically provides otherwise), if the shares of Common Stock are publicly traded, and if a Participant holding a Stock Award that constitutes “deferred compensation” under Section 409A of the Code is a “specified employee” for purposes of Section 409A of the Code, no distribution or payment of any amount that is due because of a “separation from service” (as defined in Section 409A of the Code without regard to alternative definitions thereunder) will be issued or paid before the date that is six months following the date of such Participant’s “separation from service” (as defined in Section 409A of the Code without regard to alternative definitions thereunder) or, if earlier, the date of the Participant’s death, unless such distribution or payment can be made in a manner that complies with Section 409A of the Code, and any amounts so deferred will be paid in a lump sum on the day after such six month period elapses, with the balance paid thereafter on the original schedule.

(l)Clawback/Recovery. All Stock Awards granted under the Plan will be subject to recoupment in accordance with any clawback policy that the Company (i) is required to adopt pursuant to the listing standards of any national securities exchange or association on which the Company’s securities are listed or as is otherwise required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act or other applicable law or (ii) otherwise adopts, to the extent applicable and permissible under applicable laws. In addition, the Board may impose such other clawback, recovery or recoupment provisions in a Stock Award Agreement as the Board determines necessary or appropriate, including but not limited to a reacquisition right in respect of previously acquired shares of Common Stock or other cash or property upon the occurrence of an event constituting Cause. No recovery of compensation under such a clawback policy will be an event giving rise to a right to resign for “good reason” or “constructive termination” (or similar term) under any agreement with the Company or an Affiliate.

9.Adjustments upon Changes in Common Stock; Other Corporate Events.

(a)Capitalization Adjustments. In the event of a Capitalization Adjustment, the Board will appropriately and proportionately adjust: (i) the class(es) and maximum number of securities subject to the Plan pursuant to Section 3(a), (ii) the class(es) and maximum number of securities that may be issued pursuant to the exercise of Incentive Stock Options pursuant to Section 3(c), (iii) the class(es) and maximum number of securities that may be issued as Inducement Shares pursuant to Section 3(f) and (iv) the class(es) and number of securities and price per share of stock subject to outstanding Stock Awards. The Board will make such adjustments, and its determination will be final, binding and conclusive.

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(b)Dissolution or Liquidation. Except as otherwise provided in the Stock Award Agreement or other written agreement between a Participant and the Company or an Affiliate, in the event of a dissolution or liquidation of the Company, all outstanding Stock Awards (other than Stock Awards consisting of vested and outstanding shares of Common Stock not subject to a forfeiture condition or the Company’s right of repurchase) will terminate immediately prior to the completion of such dissolution or liquidation, and the shares of Common Stock subject to the Company’s repurchase rights or subject to a forfeiture condition may be repurchased or reacquired by the Company notwithstanding the fact that the holder of such Stock Award is providing Continuous Service.

(c)Transactions. The following provisions shall apply to Stock Awards in the event of a Transaction unless otherwise provided in the instrument evidencing the Stock Award or any other written agreement between the Company or any Affiliate and the Participant or unless otherwise expressly provided by the Board at the time of grant of a Stock Award. In the event of a Transaction, then, notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan, the Board shall take one or more of the following actions with respect to Stock Awards, contingent upon the closing or completion of the Transaction:

(i)arrange for the surviving corporation or acquiring corporation (or the surviving or acquiring corporation’s parent company) to assume or continue the Stock Award or to substitute a similar stock award for the Stock Award (including, but not limited to, an award to acquire the same consideration paid to the stockholders of the Company pursuant to the Transaction);

(ii)arrange for the assignment of any reacquisition or repurchase rights held by the Company in respect of Common Stock issued pursuant to the Stock Award to the surviving corporation or acquiring corporation (or the surviving or acquiring corporation’s parent company);

(iii)accelerate the vesting, in whole or in part, of the Stock Award (and, if applicable, the time at which the Stock Award may be exercised) to a date prior to the effective time of such Transaction as the Board shall determine (or, if the Board shall not determine such a date, to the date that is five days prior to the effective date of the Transaction), with such Stock Award terminating if not exercised (if applicable) at or prior to the effective time of the Transaction; provided, however, that the Board may require Participants to complete and deliver to the Company a notice of exercise before the effective date of a Transaction, which exercise is contingent upon the effectiveness of such Transaction;

(iv)arrange for the lapse, in whole or in part, of any reacquisition or repurchase rights held by the Company with respect to the Stock Award;

(v)cancel or arrange for the cancellation of the Stock Award, to the extent not vested or not exercised prior to the effective time of the Transaction, in exchange for such cash consideration, if any, as the Board, in its sole discretion, may consider appropriate; and

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(vi)cancel or arrange for the cancellation of the Stock Award, to the extent not vested or not exercised prior to the effective time of the Transaction, in exchange for a payment, in such form as may be determined by the Board equal to the excess, if any, of (A) the value of the property the Participant would have received upon the exercise of the Stock Award immediately prior to the effective time of the Transaction, over (B) any exercise price payable by such holder in connection with such exercise. For clarity, this payment may be zero ($0) if the value of the property is equal to or less than the exercise price. Payments under this provision may be delayed to the same extent that payment of consideration to the holders of the Common Stock in connection with the Transaction is delayed as a result of escrows, earn outs, holdbacks or any other contingencies.

The Board need not take the same action or actions with respect to all Stock Awards or portions thereof or with respect to all Participants. The Board may take different actions with respect to the vested and unvested portions of a Stock Award.

(d)Change in Control. A Stock Award may be subject to additional acceleration of vesting and exercisability upon or after a Change in Control as may be provided in the Stock Award Agreement for such Stock Award or as may be provided in any other written agreement between the Company or any Affiliate and the Participant, but in the absence of such provision, no such acceleration will occur.

10.Plan Term; Earlier Termination or Suspension of the Plan.

The Board may suspend or terminate the Plan at any time. No Incentive Stock Options may be granted after the tenth anniversary of the earlier of (i) the Adoption Date, or (ii) the date the Plan is approved by the stockholders of the Company. No Stock Awards may be granted under the Plan while the Plan is suspended or after it is terminated.

11.Effective Date of the Plan.

The Plan will become effective on the Effective Date.

12.Choice of Law.

The law of the State of Delaware will govern all questions concerning the construction, validity and interpretation of this Plan, without regard to that state’s conflict of laws rules.

13.Definitions. As used in the Plan, the following definitions will apply to the capitalized terms indicated below:

(a)“Adoption Date” means April 22, 2019, which is the date the Plan was adopted by the Compensation Committee of the Board.

(b)“Affiliate” means, at the time of determination, any “parent” or “subsidiary” of the Company as such terms are defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. The Board will have the authority to determine the time or times at which “parent” or “subsidiary” status is determined within the foregoing definition.

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(c)“Appreciation Award” means (i) a stock option or stock appreciation right granted under any of the Prior Plans or (ii) an Option or Stock Appreciation Right, in each case with respect to which the exercise or strike price is at least 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to the stock option or stock appreciation right, or Option or Stock Appreciation Right, as applicable, on the date of grant.

(d)“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

(e)“Capital Stock” means each and every class of common stock of the Company, regardless of the number of votes per share.

(f)“Capitalization Adjustment” means any change that is made in, or other events that occur with respect to, the Common Stock subject to the Plan or subject to any Stock Award after the Adoption Date without the receipt of consideration by the Company through merger, consolidation, reorganization, recapitalization, reincorporation, stock dividend, dividend in property other than cash, large nonrecurring cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, liquidating dividend, combination of shares, exchange of shares, change in corporate structure or any similar equity restructuring transaction, as that term is used in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718 (or any successor thereto). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the conversion of any convertible securities of the Company will not be treated as a Capitalization Adjustment.

(g)“Cause”shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in any written agreement between the Participant and the Company or an Affiliate defining such term and, in the absence of such agreement, such term means, with respect to a Participant, the occurrence of any of the following events: (i) such Participant’s commission of any felony or any crime involving fraud, dishonesty or moral turpitude under the laws of the United States or any state thereof; (ii) such Participant’s attempted commission of, or participation in, a fraud or act of dishonesty against the Company; (iii) such Participant’s intentional, material violation of any contract or agreement between the Participant and the Company or of any statutory duty owed to the Company; (iv) such Participant’s unauthorized use or disclosure of the Company’s confidential information or trade secrets; or (v) such Participant’s gross misconduct. The determination that a termination of the Participant’s Continuous Service is either for Cause or without Cause shall be made by the Company, in its sole discretion. Any determination by the Company that the Continuous Service of a Participant was terminated with or without Cause for the purposes of outstanding Stock Awards held by such Participant shall have no effect upon any determination of the rights or obligations of the Company or such Participant for any other purpose.

(h)“Change in Control” means the occurrence, in a single transaction or in a series of related transactions, of any one or more of the following events:

(i)any Exchange Act Person becomes the Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities other than by virtue of a merger, consolidation or similar transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Change in Control will not be deemed to occur (A) on account of the acquisition of securities of the Company directly from the Company, (B) on

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account of the acquisition of securities of the Company by an investor, any affiliate thereof or any other Exchange Act Person that acquires the Company’s securities in a transaction or series of related transactions the primary purpose of which is to obtain financing for the Company through the issuance of equity securities, or (C) solely because the level of Ownership held by any Exchange Act Person (the “Subject Person”) exceeds the designated percentage threshold of the outstanding voting securities as a result of a repurchase or other acquisition of voting securities by the Company reducing the number of shares outstanding, provided that if a Change in Control would occur (but for the operation of this sentence) as a result of the acquisition of voting securities by the Company, and after such share acquisition, the Subject Person becomes the Owner of any additional voting securities that, assuming the repurchase or other acquisition had not occurred, increases the percentage of the then outstanding voting securities Owned by the Subject Person over the designated percentage threshold, then a Change in Control will be deemed to occur;

(ii)there is consummated a merger, consolidation or similar transaction involving (directly or indirectly) the Company and, immediately after the consummation of such merger, consolidation or similar transaction, the stockholders of the Company immediately prior thereto do not Own, directly or indirectly, either (A) outstanding voting securities representing more than 50% of the combined outstanding voting power of the surviving Entity in such merger, consolidation or similar transaction or (B) more than 50% of the combined outstanding voting power of the parent of the surviving Entity in such merger, consolidation or similar transaction, in each case in substantially the same proportions as their Ownership of the outstanding voting securities of the Company immediately prior to such transaction;

(iii)there is consummated a sale, lease, exclusive license or other disposition of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries, other than a sale, lease, license or other disposition of all or substantially all of the consolidated assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries to an Entity, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are Owned by stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their Ownership of the outstanding voting securities of the Company immediately prior to such sale, lease, license or other disposition;

(iv)the stockholders of the Company approve or the Board approves a plan of complete dissolution or liquidation of the Company, or a complete dissolution or liquidation of the Company will otherwise occur, except for a liquidation into a parent corporation; or

(v)individuals who, on the Adoption Date, are members of the Board (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the members of the Board; provided, however, that if the appointment or election (or nomination for election) of any new Board member was approved or recommended by a majority vote of the members of the Incumbent Board then still in office, such new member will, for purposes of this Plan, be considered as a member of the Incumbent Board.

Notwithstanding the foregoing definition or any other provision of the Plan, the term Change in Control will not include a sale of assets, merger or other transaction effected exclusively for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Company and the definition of

22.

Change in Control (or any analogous term) in an individual written agreement between the Company or any Affiliate and the Participant will supersede the foregoing definition with respect to Stock Awards subject to such agreement; provided, however, that if no definition of Change in Control or any analogous term is set forth in such an individual written agreement, the foregoing definition will apply.

(i)“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including any applicable regulations and guidance thereunder.

(j)“Committee” means a committee of one or more Directors to whom authority has been delegated by the Board in accordance with Section 2(c).

(k)“Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, having one vote per share.

(l)“Company” means Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

(m)“Consultant” means any person, including an advisor, who is (i) engaged by the Company or an Affiliate to render consulting or advisory services and is compensated for such services, or (ii) serving as a member of the board of directors of an Affiliate and is compensated for such services. However, service solely as a Director, or payment of a fee for such service, will not cause a Director to be considered a “Consultant” for purposes of the Plan.Notwithstanding the foregoing, a person is treated as a Consultant under this Plan only if a Form S-8 Registration Statement under the Securities Act is available to register either the offer or the sale of the Company’s securities to such person.

(n)“Continuous Service” means that the Participant’s service with the Company or an Affiliate, whether as an Employee, Director or Consultant, is not interrupted or terminated. A change in the capacity in which the Participant renders service to the Company or an Affiliate as an Employee, Consultant or Director or a change in the Entity for which the Participant renders such service, provided that there is no interruption or termination of the Participant’s service with the Company or an Affiliate, will not terminate a Participant’s Continuous Service; provided, however,that if the Entity for which a Participant is rendering services ceases to qualify as an Affiliate, as determined by the Board, in its sole discretion, such Participant’s Continuous Service will be considered to have terminated on the date such Entity ceases to qualify as an Affiliate. To the extent permitted by law, the Board or the chief executive officer of the Company, in that party’s sole discretion, may determine whether Continuous Service will be considered interrupted in the case of (i) any leave of absence approved by the Board or chief executive officer, including sick leave, military leave or any other personal leave, or (ii) transfers between the Company, an Affiliate, or their successors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a leave of absence will be treated as Continuous Service for purposes of vesting in a Stock Award only to such extent as may be provided in the Company’s leave of absence policy, in the written terms of any leave of absence agreement or policy applicable to the Participant, or as otherwise required by law.

23.

(o)“Corporate Transaction” means the consummation, in a single transaction or in a series of related transactions, of any one or more of the following events:

(i)a saleor other disposition of all or substantially all, as determined by the Board, in its sole discretion, of the consolidated assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries;

(ii)a sale or other disposition of at least 50% of the outstanding securities of the Company;

(iii)a merger, consolidation or similar transaction following which the Company is not the surviving corporation; or

(iv)a merger, consolidation or similar transaction following which the Company is the surviving corporation but the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately preceding the merger, consolidation or similar transaction are converted or exchanged by virtue of the merger, consolidation or similar transaction into other property, whether in the form of securities, cash or otherwise.

(p)“Director” means a member of the Board.

(q)“Disability” means, with respect to a Participant, the inability of such Participant to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or that has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, as provided in Sections 22(e)(3) and 409A(a)(2)(c)(i) of the Code, and will be determined by the Board on the basis of such medical evidence as the Board deems warranted under the circumstances.

(r)“Effective Date” means the effective date of this Plan document, which is the date of the annual meeting of stockholders of the Company held in 2019.

(s)“Employee” means any person employed by the Company or an Affiliate. However, service solely as a Director, or payment of a fee for such services, will not cause a Director to be considered an “Employee” for purposes of the Plan.

(t)“Entity” means a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity.

(u)“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

(v)“Exchange Act Person”means any natural person, Entity or “group” (within the meaning of Section 13(d) or 14(d) of the Exchange Act), except that “Exchange Act Person” will not include (i) the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, (ii) any employee benefit plan of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, (iii) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to a registered public offering of such securities, (iv) an Entity Owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in

24.

substantially the same proportions as their Ownership of stock of the Company; or (v) any natural person, Entity or “group” (within the meaning of Section 13(d) or 14(d) of the Exchange Act) that, as of the Effective Date, is the Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities.

(w)“Fair Market Value” means, as of any date, the value of the Common Stock determined as follows:

(i)If the Common Stock is listed on any established stock exchange or traded on any established market, the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock will be, unless otherwise determined by the Board, the closing sales price for such stock as quoted on such exchange or market (or the exchange or market with the greatest volume of trading in the Common Stock) on the date of determination, as reported in a source the Board deems reliable.

(ii)Unless otherwise provided by the Board, if there is no closing sales price for the Common Stock on the date of determination, then the Fair Market Value will be the closing selling price on the last preceding date for which such quotation exists.

(iii)In the absence of such markets for the Common Stock, the Fair Market Value will be determined by the Board in good faith and in a manner that complies with Sections 409A and 422 of the Code.

(x)“Full Value Award” means (i) a stock award granted under any of the Prior Plans or (ii) a Stock Award, in each case that is not an Appreciation Award.

(y)“Incentive Stock Option” means an option granted pursuant to Section 5 of the Plan that is intended to be, and qualifies as, an “incentive stock option” within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.

(z)“Inducement Award” means a Stock Award, other than an Incentive Stock Option, that is granted pursuant to Section 3(f) of the Plan.

(aa) “Non-Employee Director”means a Director who either (i) is not a current employee or officer of the Company or an Affiliate, does not receive compensation, either directly or indirectly, from the Company or an Affiliate for services rendered as a consultant or in any capacity other than as a Director (except for an amount as to which disclosure would not be required under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K promulgated pursuant to the Securities Act (“Regulation S-K”)), does not possess an interest in any other transaction for which disclosure would be required under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K, and is not engaged in a business relationship for which disclosure would be required pursuant to Item 404(b) of Regulation S-K; or (ii) is otherwise considered a “non-employee director” for purposes of Rule 16b-3.

(bb) “Nonstatutory Stock Option” means any Option granted pursuant to Section 5 of the Plan that does not qualify as an Incentive Stock Option.

25.

(cc) “Officer” means a person who is an officer of the Company within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

(dd) “Option” means an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonstatutory Stock Option to purchase shares of Common Stock granted pursuant to the Plan.

(ee) “Option Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and an Optionholder evidencing the terms and conditions of an Option grant. Each Option Agreement will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.

(ff) “Optionholder” means a person to whom an Option is granted pursuant to the Plan or, if applicable, such other person who holds an outstanding Option.

(gg) “Other Stock Award” means an award based in whole or in part by reference to the Common Stock which is granted pursuant to the terms and conditions of Section 6(d).

(hh) “Other Stock Award Agreement”means a written agreement between the Company and a holder of an Other Stock Award evidencing the terms and conditions of an Other Stock Award grant. Each Other Stock Award Agreement will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.

(ii) “Own,”“Owned,”“Owner,”“Ownership”means a person or Entity will be deemed to “Own,” to have “Owned,” to be the “Owner” of, or to have acquired “Ownership” of securities if such person or Entity, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares voting power, which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting, with respect to such securities.

(jj) “Participant” means a person to whom a Stock Award is granted pursuant to the Plan or, if applicable, such other person who holds an outstanding Stock Award.

(kk) “Performance Criteria” means the one or more criteria that the Board will select for purposes of establishing the Performance Goals for a Performance Period. The Performance Criteria that will be used to establish such Performance Goals may be based on any one of, or combination of, the following as determined by the Board: (i) earnings (including earnings per share and net earnings); (ii) earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation; (iii) earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization; (iv) earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and legal settlements; (v) earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, legal settlements and other income (expense); (vi) earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, legal settlements, other income (expense) and stock-based compensation; (vii) earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, legal settlements, other income (expense), stock-based compensation and changes in deferred revenue; (viii) earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, legal settlements, other income (expense), stock-based compensation, other non-cash expenses and changes in deferred revenue; (ix) total stockholder return; (x) return on equity or average stockholder’s equity; (xi) return on assets, investment, or capital employed; (xii) stock price; (xiii) margin (including gross margin); (xiv) income (before or after taxes); (xv) operating income; (xvi) operating income after taxes; (xvii) pre-tax profit;

26.

(xviii) operating cash flow; (xix) sales or revenue targets; (xx) increases in revenue or product revenue; (xxi) expenses and cost reduction goals; (xxii) improvement in or attainment of working capital levels; (xxiii) economic value added (or an equivalent metric); (xxiv) market share; (xxv) cash flow; (xxvi) cash flow per share; (xxvii) cash balance; (xxviii) cash burn; (xxix) cash collections; (xxx) share price performance; (xxxi) debt reduction; (xxxii) implementation or completion of projects or processes (including, without limitation, clinical trial initiation, clinical trial enrollment and dates, clinical trial results, regulatory filing submissions, regulatory filing acceptances, regulatory or advisory committee interactions, regulatory approvals, and product supply); (xxxiii) stockholders’ equity; (xxxiv) capital expenditures; (xxxv) debt levels; (xxxvi) operating profit or net operating profit; (xxxvii) workforce diversity; (xxxviii) growth of net income or operating income; (xxxix) billings; (xl) bookings; (xli) employee retention; (xlii) initiation of studies by specific dates; (xliii) budget management; (xliv) submission to, or approval by, a regulatory body (including, but not limited to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) of an applicable filing or a product; (xlv) regulatory milestones; (xlvi) progress of internal research or development programs; (xlvii) acquisition of new customers; (xlviii) customer retention and/or repeat order rate; (xlix) improvements in sample and test processing times; (l) progress of partnered programs; (li) partner satisfaction; (lii) timely completion of clinical trials; (liii) submission of 510(k)s or pre-market approvals and other regulatory achievements; (liv) milestones related to samples received and/or tests or panels run; (lv) expansion of sales in additional geographies or markets; (lvi) research progress, including the development of programs; (lvii) strategic partnerships or transactions (including in-licensing and out-licensing of intellectual property); and (lviii) and any other measures of performance selected by the Board.

(ll) “Performance Goals” means, for a Performance Period, the one or more goals established by the Board for the Performance Period based upon the Performance Criteria. Performance Goals may be based on a Company-wide basis, with respect to one or more business units, divisions, Affiliates, or business segments, and in either absolute terms or relative to the performance of one or more comparable companies or the performance of one or more relevant indices. Unless specified otherwise by the Board (i) in the Stock Award Agreement at the time the Stock Award is granted or (ii) in such other document setting forth the Performance Goals at the time the Performance Goals are established, the Board will appropriately make adjustments in the method of calculating the attainment of Performance Goals for a Performance Period as follows: (1) to exclude restructuring and/or other nonrecurring charges; (2) to exclude exchange rate effects; (3) to exclude the effects of changes to generally accepted accounting principles; (4) to exclude the effects of any statutory adjustments to corporate tax rates; (5) to exclude the effects of items that are “unusual” in nature or occur “infrequently” as determined under generally accepted accounting principles; (6) to exclude the dilutive effects of acquisitions or joint ventures; (7) to assume that any business divested by the Company achieved performance objectives at targeted levels during the balance of a Performance Period following such divestiture; (8) to exclude the effect of any change in the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company by reason of any stock dividend or split, stock repurchase, reorganization, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination or exchange of shares or other similar corporate change, or any distributions to common stockholders other than regular cash dividends; (9) to exclude the effects of stock based compensation and the award of bonuses

27.

under the Company’s bonus plans; (10) to exclude costs incurred in connection with potential acquisitions or divestitures that are required to be expensed under generally accepted accounting principles; (11) to exclude the goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges that are required to be recorded under generally accepted accounting principles; (12) to exclude the effects of the timing of acceptance for review and/or approval of submissions to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory body; and (13) to make other appropriate adjustments selected by the Board. In addition, the Board retains the discretion to reduce or eliminate the compensation or economic benefit due upon attainment of Performance Goals and to define the manner of calculating the Performance Criteria it selects to use for such Performance Period. Partial achievement of the specified criteria may result in the payment or vesting corresponding to the degree of achievement as specified in the Stock Award Agreement.

(mm) “Performance Period” means the period of time selected by the Board over which the attainment of one or more Performance Goals will be measured for the purpose of determining a Participant’s right to and the payment of a Stock Award. Performance Periods may be of varying and overlapping duration, at the sole discretion of the Board.

(nn) “Performance Stock Award” means a Stock Award granted under the terms and conditions of Section 6(c)(i).

(oo) “Plan” means this Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan.

(pp) “Restricted Stock Award” means an award of shares of Common Stock which is granted pursuant to the terms and conditions of Section 6(a).

(qq) “Restricted Stock Award Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a holder of a Restricted Stock Award evidencing the terms and conditions of a Restricted Stock Award grant. Each Restricted Stock Award Agreement will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.

(rr) “Restricted Stock Unit Award”means a right to receive shares of Common Stock which is granted pursuant to the terms and conditions of Section 6(b).

(ss) “Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement”means a written agreement between the Company and a holder of a Restricted Stock Unit Award evidencing the terms and conditions of a Restricted Stock Unit Award grant. Each Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.

(tt) “Rule 16b-3” means Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act or any successor to Rule 16b-3, as in effect from time to time.

(uu) “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

(vv) “Stock Appreciation Right” or “SAR”means a right to receive the appreciation on Common Stock that is granted pursuant to the terms and conditions of Section 5.

28.

(ww) “Stock Appreciation Right Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a holder of a Stock Appreciation Right evidencing the terms and conditions of a Stock Appreciation Right grant. Each Stock Appreciation Right Agreement will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.

(xx) “Stock Award” means any right to receive Common Stock granted under the Plan, including an Incentive Stock Option, a Nonstatutory Stock Option, a Restricted Stock Award, a Restricted Stock Unit Award, a Stock Appreciation Right, a Performance Stock Award or any Other Stock Award.

(yy) “Stock Award Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a Participant evidencing the terms and conditions of a Stock Award grant. Each Stock Award Agreement will be subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.

(zz) “Subsidiary” means, with respect to the Company, (i) any corporation of which more than 50% of the outstanding capital stock having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors of such corporation (irrespective of whether, at the time, stock of any other class or classes of such corporation will have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency) is at the time, directly or indirectly, Owned by the Company, and (ii) any partnership, limited liability company or other entity in which the Company has a direct or indirect interest (whether in the form of voting or participation in profits or capital contribution) of more than 50%.

(aaa) “Ten Percent Stockholder” means a person who Owns (or is deemed to Own pursuant to Section 424(d) of the Code) stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Affiliate.

(bbb) “Transaction” means a Corporate Transaction or a Change in Control.

29.

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Richard A. Fair, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Richard A. Fair
		Richard A. Fair
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Atabak Mokari, certify that:

1.     I have reviewed this Form 10-Q of Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

2.     Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.     Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.     The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  August 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Atabak Mokari
		Atabak Mokari
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 (the “Report”) of Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Registrant”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, the undersigned, in their capacities as officers of the Registrant, do each hereby certify, that, to the best of such officer’s knowledge:

(1)   The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)   The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

/s/ Richard A. Fair

Richard A. Fair

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

August 6, 2020

/s/ Atabak Mokari

Atabak Mokari

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

August 6, 2020

This certification accompanies the Report to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Report), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

XML

Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jul. 31, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-36783
Entity Registrant Name	BELLICUM PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-1450200
Entity Address, Address Line One	2130 W. Holcombe Blvd
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Ste. 800
Entity Address, City or Town	Houston
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	77030
City Area Code	832
Local Phone Number	384-1100
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	BLCM
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		5,059,779
Entity Central Index Key	0001358403
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 66,408	$ 91,028
Restricted cash, current	87	2,788
Accounts receivable, interest and other receivables	127	303
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,528	884
Assets held for sale	0	16,851
Total current assets	68,150	111,854
Operating lease right-of-use assets	869	1,042
Property and equipment, net	1,615	2,529
Restricted cash, non-current	1,500	0
Other assets	341	825
Total assets	72,475	116,250
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,486	2,643
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	7,108	9,770
Warrant derivative liability	28,183	52,184
Private placement option liability	33,970	12,094
Current portion of long-term debt	6,390	11,000
Current portion of lease liabilities	491	454
Liabilities Held-For-Sale, Not Part Of Disposal Group, Current	0	6,273
Total current liabilities	78,628	94,418
Long-term debt, net of deferred issuance costs	20,715	25,717
Long-term lease liabilities	609	864
Total liabilities	99,952	120,999
Commitments and contingencies
Preferred stock: $0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized	21,308	21,468
Stockholders’ deficit:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 80,000,000 and 40,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, 5,127,525 shares issued and 5,059,779 shares outstanding at June 30, 2020; 5,076,593 shares issued and 5,008,846 shares outstanding at December 31, 2019	51	507
Treasury stock: 67,746 shares held at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	(5,056)	(5,056)
Additional paid-in capital	515,252	511,684
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(389)	(327)
Accumulated deficit	(558,643)	(533,025)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(48,785)	(26,217)
Total liabilities, preferred stock and stockholders' deficit	$ 72,475	$ 116,250

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	80,000,000	80,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	5,127,525	5,076,593
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	5,059,779	5,008,846
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	67,746	67,746
Convertible Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)	1,517,500	1,517,500
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	534,000	538,000
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)	534,000	538,000

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenues
Revenues	$ 0	$ 1,391	$ 0	$ 1,907
Operating expenses
Research and development	11,758	20,032	22,206	36,880
General and administrative	3,761	7,518	7,932	15,054
Total operating expenses	15,519	27,550	30,138	51,934
Gain on dispositions, net	(3,761)	0	(3,761)	0
Loss from operations	(11,758)	(26,159)	(26,377)	(50,027)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	28	311	382	721
Interest expense	(763)	(1,088)	(1,748)	(2,158)
Change in fair value of warrant and private placement option liabilities	(30,701)	0	2,125	0
Total other (expense) income	(31,436)	(777)	759	(1,437)
Net loss	$ (43,194)	$ (26,936)	$ (25,618)	$ (51,464)
Net loss per common share attributable to common shareholders, basic and diluted (in shares)	$ (8.55)	$ (5.85)	$ (5.08)	$ (11.40)
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted (in shares)	5,052,234	4,605,234	5,045,965	4,515,311
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	$ 0	$ 5	$ 0	$ 56
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(49)	(46)	(62)	(18)
Comprehensive loss	(43,243)	(26,977)	(25,680)	(51,426)
Grants
Revenues
Revenues	$ 0	$ 1,391	$ 0	$ 1,907

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Series 1 redeemable convertible non-voting preferred stock
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		4,424,205	67,746
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 68,478	$ 442	$ (5,056)	$ 493,784	$ (420,548)	$ (144)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Share-based compensation	2,136			2,136
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		2,271
Comprehensive loss	(24,449)				(24,528)	79
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		2,765
Exercise of stock options	70			70
Issuance of common stock in open market transactions, net of issuance costs (in shares)		135,065
Issuance of common stock in open market transactions, net of issuance costs	4,625	$ 14		4,611
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		4,564,306	67,746
Balance, end of period at Mar. 31, 2019	50,860	$ 456	$ (5,056)	500,601	(445,076)	(65)
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		4,424,205	67,746
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2018	68,478	$ 442	$ (5,056)	493,784	(420,548)	(144)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Comprehensive loss	(51,426)
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		4,693,162	67,746
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2019	30,308	$ 469	$ (5,056)	507,013	(472,012)	(106)
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		4,564,306	67,746
Balance, beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2019	50,860	$ 456	$ (5,056)	500,601	(445,076)	(65)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Share-based compensation	1,996			1,996
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		585
Comprehensive loss	(26,977)				(26,936)	(41)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)		221
Exercise of stock options	6			6
Issuance of common stock in open market transactions, net of issuance costs (in shares)		124,050
Issuance of common stock in open market transactions, net of issuance costs	4,352	$ 12		4,340
Issuance of common stock - Employee Stock Purchase Plan (in shares)		4,000
Issuance of common stock - Employee Stock Purchase Plan	71	$ 1		70
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019		4,693,162	67,746
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2019	30,308	$ 469	$ (5,056)	507,013	(472,012)	(106)
Preferred stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019							538,000
Preferred stock, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	21,468						$ 21,468
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Conversion of redeemable preferred stock into common stock (in shares)		40,000					(4,000)
Conversion of redeemable preferred stock into common stock	(160)	$ (1)		(159)			$ 160
Preferred stock, ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020							534,000
Preferred stock, ending balance at Mar. 31, 2020							$ 21,308
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		5,076,593	67,746
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2019	(26,217)	$ 507	$ (5,056)	511,684	(533,025)	(327)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
1-for-10 Reverse Stock Split		$ (457)		457
Share-based compensation	1,323			1,323
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		1,045
Comprehensive loss	17,563				17,576	(13)
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020		5,117,638	67,746
Balance, end of period at Mar. 31, 2020	(7,171)	$ 51	$ (5,056)	513,623	(515,449)	(340)
Preferred stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019							538,000
Preferred stock, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	21,468						$ 21,468
Preferred stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020							534,000
Preferred stock, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2020	21,308						$ 21,308
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		5,076,593	67,746
Balance, beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2019	(26,217)	$ 507	$ (5,056)	511,684	(533,025)	(327)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Comprehensive loss	(25,680)
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020		5,127,525	67,746
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2020	(48,785)	$ 51	$ (5,056)	515,252	(558,643)	(389)
Preferred stock, beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020							534,000
Preferred stock, beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2020							$ 21,308
Preferred stock, ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020							534,000
Preferred stock, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2020	21,308						$ 21,308
Balance, beginning of period (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020		5,117,638	67,746
Balance, beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2020	(7,171)	$ 51	$ (5,056)	513,623	(515,449)	(340)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Share-based compensation	1,564			1,564
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)		361
Comprehensive loss	(43,243)				(43,194)	(49)
Issuance of common stock - Employee Stock Purchase Plan (in shares)		9,526
Issuance of common stock - Employee Stock Purchase Plan	65			65
Balance, end of period (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020		5,127,525	67,746
Balance, end of period at Jun. 30, 2020	$ (48,785)	$ 51	$ (5,056)	$ 515,252	$ (558,643)	$ (389)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (25,618)	$ (51,464)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Share-based compensation	2,887	4,132
Depreciation and amortization expense	925	3,742
Change in fair value of warrant and private placement option liabilities	(2,125)	0
Gain on dispositions, net	(3,761)	0
Amortization of discount on investment securities, net	0	(28)
Amortization of right-of-use assets	173	636
Accretion of lease liability	(535)	355
Amortization of deferred issuance costs	388	439
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, interest and other receivables	176	372
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(160)	(2,336)
Accounts payable	(157)	(1,735)
Accrued liabilities and other	(2,662)	1,747
Deferred revenue	0	(1,907)
Net cash used in operating activities	(30,469)	(46,047)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of investment securities	0	35,679
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment, net	14,909	0
Purchases of property and equipment	(229)	(551)
Net cash provided by investing activities	14,680	35,128
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payment on debt	(10,000)	0
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in a public offering, net	0	8,977
Proceeds from issuance of stock from employee stock purchase plan	65	71
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	0	76
Payment on financing lease obligations	(35)	(14)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(9,970)	9,110
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(62)	(18)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(25,821)	(1,827)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	93,816	48,668
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	67,995	46,841
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for interest	1,413	1,722
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payables and accrued liabilities	60	0
Conversion of redeemable preferred stock into common stock	160	0
Reclassification of property and equipment, net to assets held for sale	$ 199	$ 0

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ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization

Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Bellicum”) is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing novel cellular immunotherapies for various forms of cancer, including both hematological cancers and solid tumors. Bellicum is devoting substantially all of its present efforts to developing next-generation product candidates in areas of cellular immunotherapy, including CAR-T and CAR-NK therapy.

Bellicum has two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Bellicum Pharma Limited, a private limited company organized under the laws of the United Kingdom, and Bellicum Pharma GmbH, a private limited liability company organized under German law. Both were formed for the purpose of developing product candidates in Europe. Bellicum, Bellicum Pharma Limited and Bellicum Pharma GmbH are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”. All intercompany balances and transactions among the consolidated entities have been eliminated in consolidation.

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker. The Company has determined that it has one operating and reporting segment as it allocates resources and assesses financial performance on a consolidated basis. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer who manages operations and reviews the financial information as a single operating segment for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating its financial performance.

Reverse Stock Split

On February 5, 2020, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to (i) effect a reverse stock split of all issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of 1-for-10 and (ii) reduce the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock from 200,000,000 to 40,000,000. On June 15, 2020, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Second Certificate of Amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the authorized number of shares of the Company’s common stock from 40,000,000 shares to 80,000,000 shares.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements gives retroactive effect to the reverse stock split for all periods presented.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the authoritative U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The unaudited interim financial statements reflect all adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. The operating results presented in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC on March 12, 2020.

The accompanying interim condensed financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes that the Company will continue as a going concern, and do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. This basis of accounting contemplates the recovery of the Company’s assets and the satisfaction of the Company’s liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business and does not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects of the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The Company has recorded losses from operations since its inception and if the Company does not successfully obtain regulatory approval and commercialize any of its product candidates, the Company will not be able to achieve profitability. As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $558.6 million and $533.0 million, respectively.

The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology industry and the future success of the Company is dependent on its ability to successfully complete the development of, and obtain regulatory approval for, its product candidates, manage the growth of the organization, obtain additional financing necessary in order to develop, launch and commercialize its product candidates, and compete successfully with other companies in its industry.

The Company believes that its current capital resources, which consist of cash and cash equivalents are sufficient to fund operations through at least the next twelve months from the date the accompanying interim financial statements are issued based on the expected cash burn rate. The Company may be required to raise additional capital to fund future operations through the sale of additional equity, incurrence of additional debt allowed under existing debt arrangements, the entry into licensing or collaboration agreements with partners, grants or other sources of financing. Sufficient funds may not be available to the Company at all or on attractive terms when needed from equity or debt financings. If the Company is unable to obtain additional funding from these or other sources when needed, or to the extent needed, it may be necessary to significantly reduce its controllable and variable expenditures and current rate of spending through reductions in staff and delaying, scaling back, or suspending certain research and development, sales and marketing programs and other operational goals.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no significant changes to the accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the significant accounting policies described in Note 1 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in the Company’s audited financial statements included in its Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Revenue Recognition

Cancer Research Grant Contract

On August 9, 2017, the Company entered into a Cancer Research Grant Contract (the “CPRIT Agreement”) with the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas (“CPRIT”), pursuant to which CPRIT awarded a grant of approximately $16.9 million to the Company to fund development of rivo-cel for hematologic cancer (the “CPRIT Award”). The CPRIT Award is contingent upon funds being available during the term of the CPRIT Agreement and subject to CPRIT’s ability to perform its obligations under the CPRIT Agreement.

During 2017, the Company received $4.2 million in advance funding from CPRIT, which was recorded as deferred revenue. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020, the Company did not incur expenses or recognize revenue for work performed under the CPRIT grant. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019, the Company incurred expenses and recognized revenue of $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, for work performed under the CPRIT grant.

The CPRIT Agreement was due to expire on February 29, 2020, but was terminated early by the Company on January 31, 2020. Upon termination of the CPRIT Agreement, the Company reclassified the remaining unexpended award proceeds of $0.8 million from deferred revenue to accrued liabilities. During the three month period ended June 30, 2020, the Company returned the remaining unexpended award proceeds to CPRIT and released the accrued liability.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments with maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase and that can be liquidated without prior notice or penalty, to be cash equivalents.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statements of cash flows.

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	66,408	$	91,028
Restricted cash, current	87		2,788
Restricted cash, non-current	1,500		—
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows	$	67,995	$	93,816

During 2017, $4.2 million was received from CPRIT, and is being held in a separate account to be used for costs solely related to the CPRIT grant. Release of the CPRIT funds are subject to the terms of the grant agreement and requirements therein and require the authorization of CPRIT. To date, CPRIT authorized the release of $3.3 million of restricted funds from the CPRIT account. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company returned the remaining unexpended award proceeds to CPRIT, leaving a balance of $0.1 million recorded as restricted cash, requiring the authorization of CPRIT to release, on the accompanying balance sheets at June 30, 2020.

In addition to the restricted cash held and released by CPRIT, there was $1.1 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2019 in escrow to cover specific construction of manufacturing improvement costs related to the facility lease. The release of the funds was subject to the authorized completion of certain aspects of the manufacturing improvements. The funds were released during the six months ended June 30, 2020.

In connection with the closing of the Asset Purchase Agreement with M.D. Anderson on April 14, 2020, $1.5 million of the cash proceeds received are subject to certain escrow provisions and recorded as restricted cash, non-current. The funds are required to be held for a period of up to 18 months subsequent to the April 14, 2020 closing date.

Disposition of Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

In 2019, the Company completed the buildout of manufacturing space at its leased headquarters in Houston, Texas and began in-house clinical supply manufacturing. The facility included capacity far in excess of the Company's anticipated current and near-term manufacturing needs and management decided to seek a partner for the facility with the goal of reducing the Company's costs while maintaining dedicated cell therapy manufacturing capacity to support the Company's product candidates.

The disposal of the assets and liabilities of such facility was completed on April 14, 2020, at a purchase price of $15.0 million. The disposal group consisted of property and equipment, net of $12.0 million, right-of-use assets of $4.8 million, current portion of lease liabilities of $1.4 million and long-term lease liabilities of $4.6 million. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized a net gain of $3.8 million in connection with the disposal, which is presented as Gain on dispositions, net within the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The primary reason for the disposal was to reduce the Company's fixed operating expenses by transitioning from an in-house clinical supply manufacturer to a third party manufacturer.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Accrued payroll	$	2,104	$	2,032
Accrued patient treatment costs	954		1,162
Accrued manufacturing costs	273		2,230
Accrued professional services	639		654
Accrued obligations under material supply agreements	1,123		1,121
Accrued other	2,015		2,571
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,108	$	9,770

Warrant Derivatives

Freestanding warrants are classified as liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as they are exercisable for multiple underlying instruments that are potentially redeemable. The Company accounts for these warrants at fair value on the date of issuance and are subject to re-measurement to fair value at each balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recognized as a component of other income (expense) on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company will continue to adjust the liability for changes in fair value until the earlier of the exercise or expiration of the warrants or a change in control, as defined. The warrants are freely exercisable at any time from the issuance date until the expiration date, provided exercise does not cause a warrant holder to exceed a pre-determined beneficial ownership limit.

The Company estimates the fair value of these liabilities using the Black-Scholes valuation technique, which utilizes assumptions including (i) the fair value of the underlying stock at the valuation measurement date, (ii) volatility of the price of the underlying stock, (iii) the expected term, and (iv) risk-free interest rates.

Private Placement Option

The Company has entered into a security purchase agreement that contains a call option on preferred shares that are callable outside the control of the Company. The Company recorded the option as a liability and measured the fair value of the option at the time of issuance. The Company will re-measure the option to fair value at each balance sheet date and record changes in fair value in other income (expense) in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss at each reporting period. Offering expenses arising from the issuance of the private placement option were expensed as incurred.

The Company estimates the fair value of these liabilities using a binomial lattice model, which utilizes assumptions including (i) the fair value of the underlying stock at the valuation measurement date, (ii) volatility of the price of the underlying stock, (iii) the expected term, and (iv) risk-free interest rates.

Preferred Stock

Preferred shares issued by the Company that are subject to mandatory redemption are classified as liability instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are measured at fair value at the date of issuance. Conditionally redeemable preferred shares (including preferred shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified within mezzanine equity in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. At all other times, preferred shares are classified within stockholders’ (deficit) equity.

Operating Leases

At the inception of a contractual arrangement, the Company determines whether the contract contains a lease by assessing whether there is an identified asset and whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration over a period of time. If both criteria are met, upon lease commencement, the Company records a lease liability which represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, and a corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) asset which represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term.

Operating leases are recognized as ROU assets and operating lease liabilities on the balance sheet based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date calculated using the Company's incremental borrowing rate applicable to the underlying asset unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. Any lease incentives received are deferred and recorded as a reduction of the ROU asset and amortized over the term of the lease. Rent expense, comprised of amortization of the ROU asset and the implicit interest accreted on the operating lease liability, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of the lease and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the balance sheets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or an exit price paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in a principal market on the measurement date.

Accounting standards include disclosure requirements around fair values used for certain financial instruments and establish a fair value hierarchy. The three-tier hierarchy defines a three-tiered valuation hierarchy for disclosures that prioritizes valuation inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market, as described further in Note 2.

Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, and unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions.

These inputs are classified into the following hierarchy:

Level 1 Inputs - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date;

Level 2 Inputs - inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 Inputs - unobservable inputs for the assets.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company believes the recorded values of its financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and debt approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

Financial Instruments and Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk include cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash is deposited in demand accounts in federally insured domestic institutions to minimize risk. Insurance is provided through the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Security Investor Protection Corporation. Although the balances in these accounts exceed the federally insured limit from time to time, the Company has not incurred losses related to these deposits.

Equity Issuance Costs

Equity issuance costs represent costs paid to third parties in order to obtain equity financing. The costs related to preferred and common stock have been netted against the proceeds of the equity issuances.

Net Loss and Net Loss per Share of Common Stock Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted earnings per share is based on the treasury stock method and includes the effect from potential issuance of ordinary shares, such as shares issuable pursuant to the conversion of preferred stock to common stock, exercise of warrants to purchase common stock, exercise of stock options, and vesting of restricted stock units.

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the computations of diluted net loss per share of common stock attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented as the effect of including such securities would be anti-dilutive.

	June 30, 2020	June 30, 2019
Common Stock Equivalents:	Number of Shares
Redeemable convertible series 1 preferred stock	5,340,000	—
Warrants to purchase common stock	5,750,000	—
Private placement option	9,675,000	—
Options to purchase common stock	1,122,938	766,533
Unvested shares of restricted stock units	187,705	21,593
Total common stock equivalents	22,075,643	788,126

New Accounting Requirements and Disclosures

Fair Value Measurement

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies fair value disclosures and removes some disclosure requirements for both public and private companies. In addition, public companies are subject to some new disclosure requirements which requires to disclose the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2020 with no material effect on its financial statements.

Financial Instruments – Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets including trade receivables held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2020 with no material effect on its financial statements. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. This ASU does not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2016-13, instead these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within the credit losses guidance. The FASB also subsequently issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Financial Instruments (Topic 842), which did not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2016-13 but clarified that expected recoveries of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off should be included in the valuation account and should not exceed amounts previously written off and expected to be written off. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019 for public business entities, excluding smaller reporting companies. Early adoption is permitted. As a smaller reporting company, the guidance will be effective for the Company during the first quarter of 2023. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740). The guidance eliminates certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. This guidance also includes guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. ASU 2019-12 is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this change will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Investments

In January 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-01, Investments—Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)—Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815 (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force), which clarifies the interaction of the accounting for equity securities, investments accounted for under the equity method, and certain forward contracts and purchased options. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of determining the impact the adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements as well as whether to early adopt the new guidance.

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND INVESTMENT SECURITIES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Investment Securities

The following table presents the Company’s investment securities (including, if applicable, those classified on the Company’s balance sheet as cash equivalents) that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value at June 30, 2020						Fair Value at December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds and treasury bills	$	55,253	$	—	$	—	$	77,170	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents	$	55,253	$	—	$	—	$	77,170	$	—	$	—

As of June 30, 2020, the $1.5 million of restricted cash, non-current, on the Company's balance sheet is held in a money market fund.

Money market funds, U.S. Treasury, U.S. government agency-backed securities, corporate debt securities and municipal bonds are valued based on various observable inputs such as benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, benchmark securities and bids.

Warrant Derivative Liability and Private Placement Option Liability

The Company's financial liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include the fair values of the warrant derivative liability and the private placement option liability. As of June 30, 2020, the fair values of the warrant derivative liability and the private placement option liability are classified as current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. These liabilities will be shown as current liabilities on the balance sheet when it is deemed more probable than not by management to be exercised within one year.

The fair value of the warrants has been estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Risk-free interest rate	0.41	%	1.83	%
Volatility of underlying stock price	90.00	%	78.67	%
Expected term (years)	6.14		6.64

The fair value of the private placement option has been estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	June 30, 2020
Risk-free interest rate	0.59	%
Volatility of underlying stock price	90.00	%
Expected term (years)	7.00

The following table provides the warrant derivative and private placement option reported at fair value and measured on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value at June 30, 2020						Fair Value at December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Warrant derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	28,183	$	—	$	—	$	52,184
Private placement option liability	—		—		33,970		—		—		12,094
Total fair value	$	—	$	—	$	62,153	$	—	$	—	$	64,278

The ending balance of the Level 3 financial instruments presented above represents management's best estimate of valuation and may not be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments.

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LEASES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

LEASES

LEASES

The Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease at its inception. Operating leases relate primarily to office space with remaining lease terms of two years. If operating leases include options to extend the lease term, management will consider the options in determining the lease term used to establish the Company's ROU assets and lease liabilities.

As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company's incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date was used to determine the present value of lease payments.

Components of lease cost are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of leased asset	$	18	$	18	$	36	$	24
Interest on lease liabilities	6		7		12		10
Operating lease cost	194		547		499		993
Short-term lease cost	207		12		241		47
Total lease cost	$	425	$	584	$	788	$	1,074

	June 30, 2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	2.10 years
Finance leases	1.90 years
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases	12.77	%
Finance leases	13.28	%

Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash activity related to the Company's operating leases are as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Operating cash flow information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	819	$	1,095
Operating cash flows from finance leases	12		10
Financing cash flows from finance leases	35		14
Non-cash activity:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	—	$	1,259

Maturities of lease liabilities by year for leases are as follows:

(in thousands)	Operating Leases		Financing Leases
2020	$	252	$	48
2021	515		90
2022	316		39
2023 and beyond	—		—
Total lease payments	1,083		177
Less: Imputed interest	(139)		(21)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	944	$	156

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DEBT

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

DEBT

DEBT

On December 21, 2017 (the “Oxford Closing Date”), the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Oxford Finance LLC, as the collateral agent and a lender ("Oxford"), and the lenders listed on Schedule 1.1 thereto or otherwise party thereto from time to time (the "Lenders"), pursuant to which the Company borrowed $35.0 million in a single term loan (the “Oxford Loan”) on the Oxford Closing Date. On the Oxford Closing Date, the Company used approximately $32.9 million of the proceeds from the Oxford Loan to repay its indebtedness to a previous lender.

On December 24, 2019, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “First Amendment”) with Oxford, in connection with the Asset Sale with M.D. Anderson. On March 31, 2020, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the "Second Amendment") with Oxford Finance LLC, in connection with the Asset Sale. The loan and security agreement with Oxford, as amended by the First and Second Amendment, is referred to as the "Oxford Loan Agreement."

The Company’s obligations under the Oxford Loan Agreement are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s current and future assets, including its intellectual property. The Company has also agreed not to encumber its intellectual property assets, except as permitted by the Oxford Loan Agreement. The Oxford Loan matures on December 1, 2022 (the “Oxford Maturity Date”) and was originally interest-only through January 31, 2020, followed by 35 equal monthly payments of principal and unpaid accrued interest. The Oxford Loan bears interest at a floating per annum rate equal to (i) 7.25% plus (ii) the greater of (a) the 30-day U.S. Dollar LIBOR rate reported in The Wall Street Journal on the last business day of the month that immediately precedes the month in which the interest will accrue and (b) 1.25%.

The Company will be required to make a final payment of 8.70% of the principal amount of the Oxford Loan borrowed (the “Oxford Final Payment Fee”), payable on the earlier of (i) the Oxford Maturity Date, (ii) the acceleration of the Oxford Loan, or (iii) the prepayment of the Oxford Loan. The Company may prepay all, but not less than all, of the borrowed amounts, provided that the Company will be obligated to pay a prepayment fee equal to (i) 3.00% of the outstanding principal balance if prepaid on or before the first anniversary of the Closing Date, (ii) 2.00% of the outstanding principal balance, if prepaid after the first anniversary and before the second anniversary of the Closing Date, and (iii) 1.00% of the outstanding principal balance prepaid thereafter and prior to the Maturity Date (each, a “Prepayment Fee”). While any amounts are outstanding under the Oxford Loan Agreement, the Company is subject to a number of affirmative and restrictive covenants, including covenants regarding delivery of financial statements, payment of taxes, maintenance of insurance, dispositions of property, business combinations or acquisitions, incurrence of additional indebtedness and transactions with affiliates, among other customary covenants. The Company is also restricted from paying dividends or making other distributions or payments of its capital stock, subject to limited exceptions. Upon the occurrence of certain events, including but not limited to the Company’s failure to satisfy its payment obligations under the Oxford Loan Agreement, the breach of certain of its other covenants under the Oxford Loan Agreement, or the occurrence of a material adverse change, the collateral agent will have the right, among other remedies, to declare all principal and interest immediately due and payable, and the lender will have the right to receive the Oxford Final Payment Fee and, if the payment of principal and interest is due prior to the Oxford Maturity Date, a Prepayment Fee.

Pursuant to the Second Amendment, the Loan Agreement was amended to, among other things: (i) provide for Oxford's and the Lenders’ consent to the Company’s consummation of the Asset Sale with M.D. Anderson, provided such sale occurs on or prior to June 30, 2020; (ii) if such Asset Sale occurs on or prior to June 30, 2020, extend the interest-only period through as late as July 31, 2021; (iii) if Asset Sale closes on or prior to June 30, 2020, provide for a partial repayment to the Lenders of a significant percentage of the proceeds of the asset sale that varies in accordance with the timing of closing and the associated amortization schedule, a portion of which will be applied as partial payment of the Final Payment Percentage (as defined in the Loan Agreement); and (iv) grant the Lenders and Oxford a security interest in the Company’s intellectual property as of the date of the Second Amendment, in each case as set forth in the Second Amendment. The sale of certain assets subject to the Second Amendment closed on April 14, 2020. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, the closing of the Asset Sale to M.D. Anderson triggered the Company’s obligation to provide partial repayment to the Lenders of $7.0 million, of which $0.6 million was applied as partial payment of the Oxford Final Payment Fee. The interest-only period was extended through December 31, 2020.

The Company paid expenses related to the Oxford Loan Agreement of $0.1 million, which, along with the final facility charge of $3.0 million, have been recorded as deferred issuance costs, which offset long-term debt on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet. The deferred issuance costs are being amortized over the term of the loan as interest expense using the effective interest method. Interest expense of amortized deferred issuance costs included $0.2 million and $0.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.4 million and $0.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The interest rate on amounts borrowed under the Oxford Loan Agreement was 10.98% at June 30, 2020.

Management believes that the carrying value of the debt facility approximates its fair value, as the Company's debt facility bears interest at a rate that approximates prevailing market rates for instruments with similar characteristics. The fair value of the Company's debt facility is determined under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

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AUGUST 2019 PUBLIC OFFERING AND PRIVATE PLACEMENT

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]

AUGUST 2019 PUBLIC OFFERING AND PRIVATE PLACEMENT

AUGUST 2019 PUBLIC OFFERING AND PRIVATE PLACEMENT

August 2019 Public Offering

On August 16, 2019, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (the “Underwriters”), relating to an underwritten public offering (the “Offering”) of 575,000 shares of the Series 1 Redeemable Convertible Non-Voting Preferred Stock of the Company (the “Series 1 Preferred Stock”) and warrants (the “Public Warrants”) to purchase up to 5,750,000 shares of its common stock. Each share of Series 1 Preferred Stock was sold together with a warrant to purchase 10 shares of common stock at a combined price to the public of $100.00. Under certain circumstances, each warrant to purchase 10 shares of common stock will be exercisable, at the irrevocable election of the holder, for one share of Series 1 Preferred Stock. The offering closed on August 21, 2019, and the net proceeds to the Company from the Offering was approximately $53.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, and excluding any proceeds that the Company may receive upon exercise of the Public Warrants.

All of the Public Warrants sold in the Offering have an exercise price of $13.00 per share of common stock or, in certain circumstances, for $130.00 per share of Series 1 Preferred Stock, subject to proportional adjustments in the event of stock splits or combinations or similar events. The Public Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance, provided that the holder is prohibited, subject to certain exceptions, from exercising a warrant for shares of common stock to the extent that immediately prior to or after giving effect to such exercise, the holder, together with its affiliates and other attribution parties, would own more than 9.99% of the total number of shares of common stock then issued and outstanding, which percentage may be changed at the holder’s election to a lower percentage at any time or to a higher percentage not to exceed 19.99% upon 61 days’ notice to the Company. The Public Warrants will expire on August 21, 2026, unless exercised prior to that date.

Private Placement

On August 16, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors named therein (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue in a private placement (i) 350,000 shares of its Series 2 Redeemable Convertible Non-Voting Preferred Stock (the “Series 2 Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $100.00 per share, and related warrants (the “Private Warrants”) to purchase up to 2,800,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, and (ii) 250,000 shares of its Series 3 Redeemable Convertible Non-Voting Preferred Stock (the “Series 3 Preferred Stock” and, together with the Series 1 Preferred Stock and Series 2 Preferred Stock, the “Preferred Stock”), at a purchase price of $140.00 per share, and related warrants (also, “Private Warrants”) to purchase up to 875,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $14.00 per share. The purchase and sale of the securities issuable under the private placement agreement may occur in two or more separate closings, each to be conducted at the Purchasers’ discretion within five days’ notice to the Company. The purchase and sale was subject to the Company’s obtaining stockholder approval for additional authorized shares of Common Stock or a reverse stock split (the “Required Stockholder Approval”), which occurred in the first quarter of 2020. The right of the Purchasers to purchase such securities will expire two and a half years after the Required Stockholder Approval, on July 15, 2022, with respect to the Series 2 Preferred Stock, and three years after such stockholder approval, on January 15, 2023, with respect to the Series 3 Preferred Stock, if not exercised prior to that date.

The Company received $11.2 million in option proceeds, net of offering costs, upon the execution of the Securities Purchase Agreement. Total offering costs incurred by the Company related to the Public Warrants, Private Warrants and options amounted to $3.0 million.

The following table reflects the fair value roll forward reconciliation of the warrant derivative and private placement option liabilities for the period ended June 30, 2020:

(in thousands)	Warrant Derivative Liability		Private Placement Option Liability		Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	52,184	$	12,094	$	64,278
Change in fair value	(24,001)		21,876		(2,125)
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	28,183	$	33,970	$	62,153

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REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

In August 2019, the Company sold Series 1 preferred stock pursuant to the Offering. The Company has 10,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01, of which the Company has designated 1,517,500 shares as Series 1 redeemable convertible non-voting preferred stock, 350,000 shares as Series 2 redeemable convertible non-voting preferred stock and 250,000 shares as Series 3 redeemable convertible non-voting preferred stock. There were 534,000 shares of Series 1 preferred stock issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020. There were no shares of Series 2 or 3 preferred stock issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company classified the Series 1 preferred stock within mezzanine equity, as the Series 1 preferred stock is redeemable at the option of the holders upon passage of time, which is outside of the Company’s control to prevent.

The Series 1 preferred stock is not currently redeemable and is only redeemable upon a fundamental change at a redemption price. The Company does not believe a fundamental change is considered probable until it occurs. Subsequent adjustment of the amount presented within mezzanine equity to its redemption amount is unnecessary if it is not probable that the instrument will become redeemable. As (i) the Series 1 preferred stock is only redeemable upon a fundamental change, the occurrence of which is not probable, and (ii) the occurrence of Transition Date (defined below) is probable, the Company did not accrete the Series 1 preferred stock to its redemption amount.

Optional Conversion

Each share of Preferred Stock is initially convertible into 10 shares of Common Stock. The conversion price at which Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of common stock, is subject to adjustment in connection with certain specified events.

Redemption

Until the applicable Transition Date (defined below), at any time on or after the date that is the fifth (5th) anniversary of the initial issue date of the applicable series of preferred stock, all or any portion of the preferred stock is redeemable at the option of the holder at a redemption price of $100.00 per share (for Series 1 and Series 2 preferred stock) and $140.00 per share (for Series 3 preferred stock).  The “Transition Date” means:

•With respect to the Series 1 preferred stock, the first date following August 21, 2021, on which each of the Conditions (as defined below) is met (the “Series 1 Transition Date”);

•With respect to the Series 2 preferred stock, the first date following the six-month anniversary of the Series 1 Transition Date on which each of the Conditions is met (the “Series 2 Transition Date”); and

•With respect to the Series 3 preferred stock, the first date following the six-month anniversary of the Series 2 Transition Date on which each of the Conditions is met.

The “Conditions” mean: (1) the closing price of the Company’s common stock has been equal to or exceeded $25.00 per share for 180 calendar days (for determining if the Conditions are met for the Series 1 preferred stock and Series 2 preferred stock) and $35.00 per share (for the Series 3 preferred stock) for 180 calendar days; (2) the 50-day average trading volume of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq stock market is greater than 50,000 shares; and (3) a Phase 3 or Phase 2 pivotal clinical trial for one of the Company’s CAR T product candidates has been initiated, meaning that at least one clinical trial site has been activated.

Dividends

Shares of Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive dividends equal to (on an as-if-converted-to-common stock basis), and in the same form and manner as, dividends actually paid on shares of common stock.

Liquidation

Until the applicable Transition Date, in the event of a liquidation, dissolution, winding up or deemed liquidation, holders of the Preferred Stock will receive a payment equal to the applicable per share purchase price of their Preferred Stock before any proceeds are distributed to the holders of Common Stock. The liquidation preferences, protective voting provisions and redemption rights of the Preferred Stock will terminate upon the occurrence of certain events.

Voting

Shares of Preferred Stock will generally have no voting rights, except to the extent expressly provided in the Company’s certificate of incorporation or as otherwise required by law.

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

Stockholders' Equity

On October 5, 2018, the Company entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement (the “Sale Agreement”) with Jefferies LLC ("Jefferies"), as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Jefferies, shares of the Company’s common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $60.0 million. The shares will be offered and sold pursuant to the Company’s prospective supplement to its shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Prospective Supplement”). During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company received $9.0 million in net proceeds from the sale of 259,115 shares of its common stock in the open market. On August 16, 2019, in connection with the Offering, the Company delivered written notice to Jefferies that the Company was suspending and terminating the Prospectus Supplement related to the shares of its common stock issuable pursuant to the Sale Agreement. The Company will not make any sales of its securities pursuant to the Sales Agreement, unless and until a new prospectus supplement is filed. Other than the termination of the Prospectus Supplement, the Sale Agreement remains in full force and effect.

Share-Based Compensation Plans

The Company has five share-based compensation plans, including the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan"), which was adopted in June 2019. Each plan authorizes the granting of shares of common stock and options to purchase common stock to employees and directors of the Company, as well as non-employee consultants, and allows the holder of the option to purchase common stock at a stated exercise price. The only plan under which the Company may currently grant equity awards is the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan although there remain outstanding awards under the other four plans. Options vest according to the terms of the grant, which may be immediately or based on the passage of time, generally over four years, and have a term of up to 10 years. Unexercised stock options terminate on the expiration date of the grant. The Company recognizes the share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the individual grantees, which generally equals the vesting period.

2019 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2019 Plan, is designed to secure and retain the services of the Company’s employees and directors. The 2019 Plan is successor to and continuation of the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, the ("2014 Plan"), and no additional awards may be issued from the 2014 Plan. Subject to adjustment for certain changes in the Company’s capitalization, the aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2019 Plan (the "Share Reserve") will not exceed the sum of (i) 250,000 new shares, plus (ii) an additional 600,000 shares that were approved at the Company’s Special Meeting of Stockholders in January 2020, plus (iii) an additional 500,000 shares that were approved at the Company's Annual Meeting of Stockholders in June 2020, and plus (iv) the Prior Plans’ Returning Shares, as defined in the 2019 Plan documents, in an amount not to exceed 600,540 shares, including any stock award granted under the 2014 Plan, 2011 Stock Option Plan, as amended, or 2006 Stock Option Plan, as amended, that were outstanding as of the date the 2019 Plan was approved by the Company's stockholders, as such shares become available from time to time.

The following shares of common stock (the "2019 Plan Returning Shares") will also become available again for issuance under the 2019 Plan: (i) any shares subject to a stock award granted under the 2019 Plan that are not issued because such stock award expires or otherwise terminates without all of the shares covered by such stock award having been issued; (ii) any shares subject to a stock award granted under the 2019 Plan that are not issued because such stock award is settled in cash; and (iii) any shares issued pursuant to a stock award granted under the 2019 Plan that are forfeited back to or repurchased by the Company because of a failure to vest.

The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance stock awards, and other stock awards.

The following table summarizes the stock option activity for all stock plans during the six months ended June 30, 2020:

	Options and Inducement Awards
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	567,842
Granted	634,085
Exercised	—
Forfeited	(78,989)
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	1,122,938
Exercisable at June 30, 2020	335,278

The following table summarizes the stock award activity for all stock plans during the six months ended June 30, 2020:

	Restricted Stock Awards and Units
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	6,359
Granted	207,547
Vested	(2,309)
Forfeited	(23,892)
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	187,705

2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP") provides for eligible Company employees, as defined by the ESPP, to be given an opportunity to purchase the Company's common stock at a discount, through payroll deductions, with stock purchases being made upon defined purchase dates. The ESPP authorizes the issuance of up to 55,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to participating employees and allows eligible employees to purchase shares of common stock at a 15% discount from the lesser of the grant date or purchase date fair market value. During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 there were 9,526 and 4,000 shares purchased by the ESPP, respectively.

A summary of activity within the ESPP follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Deductions from employees	$	62	$	48
Share-based compensation expense recognized	46		57
Remaining share-based compensation expense	144		135

As of June 30, 2020, there were 23,937 shares available for issuance under the ESPP.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

The fair value of option grants is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and has been estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Risk-free interest rate	1.24	%	2.25	%
Volatility	81.53	%	72.10	%
Expected life (years)	6.04		6.08
Expected dividend yield	—		—

Share-based compensation expense by classification for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Research and development	$	661	$	959	$	1,209	$	2,024
General and administrative	903		1,037		1,678		2,108
Total	$	1,564	$	1,996	$	2,887	$	4,132

At June 30, 2020, total compensation cost not yet recognized was $9.4 million and the weighted-average period over which this amount is expected to be recognized is 2.3 years.

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Co-Development and Co-Commercialization Agreement - Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc

On December 16, 2016, the Company entered into a Co-Development and Co-Commercialization Agreement with and Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc ("Adaptimmune") in order to facilitate a staged collaboration to evaluate, develop and commercialize next generation T cell therapies. Under the Agreement, the parties agreed to evaluate the Company’s GoTCR technology (inducible MyD88/CD40 co-stimulation, or "iMC") with Adaptimmune’s affinity-optimized SPEAR® T cells for the potential to create enhanced TCR product candidates. Depending on results of the preclinical proof-of-concept phase, the parties expect to progress to a two-target co-development and co-commercialization phase. To the extent necessary, and in furtherance of the parties’ proof-of-concept and co-development efforts, the parties granted each other a royalty-free, non-transferable, non-exclusive license covering their respective technologies for purposes of facilitating such proof-of-concept and co-development efforts. In addition, as to covered therapies developed under the agreement, the parties granted each other a reciprocal exclusive license for the commercialization of such therapies. With respect to any joint commercialization of a covered therapy, the parties agreed to negotiate in good faith the commercially reasonable terms of a co-commercialization agreement. The parties also agreed that any such agreement shall provide for, among other things, equal sharing of the costs of any such joint commercialization and the calculation of profit shares as set forth in the Agreement. The Agreement will expire on a country-by-country basis once the parties cease commercialization of the T cell therapies covered by the Agreement, unless earlier terminated by either party for material breach, non-performance or cessation of development, bankruptcy/insolvency, or failure to progress to co-development phase.

License Agreement - Baylor

In March 2016, the Company and Baylor College of Medicine (“BCM”) entered into two additional license agreements pursuant to which the Company obtained exclusive rights to technologies and patent rights owned by BCM. The Company paid BCM a nonrefundable license fee of $100,000 and could incur additional payments upon the achievement of certain milestone events as set forth in the agreement. If the Company is successful in developing any of the licensed technologies, resulting sales would be subject to a royalty payment in the low single digits.

License Agreement - Agensys, Inc.

On December 10, 2015, the Company and Agensys, Inc. (“Agensys”), entered into a license agreement (the “Agensys Agreement”), pursuant to which (i) Agensys granted the Company, within the field of cell and gene therapy of diseases in humans, an exclusive, worldwide license and sublicense to its patent rights directed to prostate stem cell antigen 1 (“PSCA”) and related antibodies, and (ii) the Company granted Agensys a non-exclusive, fully paid license to the Company’s patents directed to inventions that were made by the Company in the course of developing the Company’s licensed products, solely for use with Agensys therapeutic products containing a soluble antibody that binds to PSCA or, to the extent not based upon the Company’s other proprietary technology, to non-therapeutic applications of antibodies not used within the field. As consideration for the rights granted to the Company under the Agreement, the Company agreed to pay to Agensys a non-refundable upfront fee of $3.0 million, which was included in license fee expense. The Company is also required to make aggregate milestone payments to Agensys of up to (i) $5.0 million upon the first achievement of certain specified clinical milestones for its licensed products, (ii) $50.0 million upon the achievement of certain specified clinical milestones for each licensed product, and (iii) $75.0 million upon the achievement of certain sales milestones for each licensed product. The Agreement additionally provides that the Company will pay to Agensys a royalty that ranges from the mid to high single digits based on the level of annual net sales of licensed products by the Company, its affiliates or permitted sublicensees. The royalty payments are subject to reduction under specified circumstances. These milestone and royalty payments will be expensed as incurred. Under the Agreement, Agensys also was granted the option to obtain an exclusive license, on a product-by-product basis, from the Company to commercialize in Japan each licensed product developed under the Agensys Agreement that has completed a phase 2 clinical trial. As to each such licensed product, if Agensys or its affiliate, Astellas Pharma, Inc., exercises the option, the Agensys Agreement provides that the Company will be paid an option exercise fee of $5.0 million. In addition, the Agensys Agreement provides that the Company will be paid a royalty that ranges from the mid to high single digits based on the level of annual net sales in Japan of each such licensed product. If the option is exercised, the aggregate milestone payments payable by the Company to Agensys, described above with respect to each licensed product, would be reduced by up to an aggregate of $65.0 million upon the achievement of certain specified clinical and sales milestones. The Agensys Agreement will terminate upon the expiration of the last royalty term for the products covered by the Agensys Agreement, which is the earlier of (i) the date of expiration or abandonment of the last valid claim within the licensed patent rights covering any licensed products under the Agreement, (ii) the expiration of regulatory exclusivity as to a licensed product, and (iii) 10 years after the first commercial sale of a licensed product. Either party may terminate the Agensys Agreement upon a material breach by the other party that remains uncured following 60 days after the date of written notice of such breach (or 30 days if such material breach is related to failure to make payment of amounts due under the Agensys Agreement) or upon certain insolvency events. In addition, Agensys may terminate the Agensys Agreement immediately upon written notice to the Company if the Company or any of its affiliates or permitted sublicensees commences an interference proceeding or challenges the validity or enforceability of any of Agensys’ patent rights.

License Agreement - BioVec

On June 10, 2015, the Company and BioVec Pharma, Inc. (“BioVec”) entered into a license agreement (the “BioVec Agreement”) pursuant to which BioVec agreed to supply the Company with certain proprietary cell lines and granted to the Company a non-exclusive, worldwide license to certain of its patent rights and related know-how related to such proprietary cell lines. As consideration for the products supplied and rights granted to the Company under the BioVec Agreement, the Company agreed to pay to BioVec an upfront fee of $100,000 within ten business days of the effective date of the BioVec Agreement and a fee of $300,000 within ten business days of its receipt of the first release of GMP lot of the products licensed under the BioVec Agreement. In addition, the Company agreed to pay to BioVec an annual fee of $150,000, commencing 30 days following the first filing of an Investigational New Drug Application (an IND filing), or its foreign equivalent, for a product covered by the license; with such annual fees being creditable against any royalties payable by the Company to BioVec under the BioVec Agreement. The Company also is required to make a $250,000 milestone payment to BioVec for each of the first three licensed products to enter into a clinical phase trial and one-time milestone payments of $2.0 million upon receipt of a registration granted by the Federal Drug Administration or European Medicines Agency on each of the Company’s first three licensed products. The BioVec Agreement additionally provides that the Company will pay to BioVec a royalty in the low single digits on net sales of products covered by the BioVec Agreement. The Company may also grant sublicensees under the licensed patent rights and know-how to third parties for limited purposes related to the use, sale and other exploitation of the products licensed under the BioVec Agreement. The BioVec Agreement will continue until terminated. The BioVec Agreement may be terminated by the Company, in its sole discretion, at any time upon 90 days written notice to BioVec. Either party may terminate the BioVec Agreement in the event of a breach by the other party of any material provision of the BioVec Agreement that remains uncured on the date that is 60 days after written notice of such failure or upon certain insolvency events that remain uncured following the date that is 30 days after the date of written notice to a party regarding such insolvency event.

Litigation

Securities Litigation

On May 29, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division granted the Company’s motion to dismiss with prejudice in the purported class action complaint filed on February 6, 2018 against the Company and certain of its current and former employees, captioned Nipun Kakkar v. Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rick Fair and Alan Musso. As previously reported, the complaint alleged that the Company and members of its management violated federal securities laws by making allegedly false and misleading statements. The court’s written order dismissed the case in its entirety with prejudice, resulting in a termination of all claims. The deadline for the plaintiffs to appeal has expired.

On July 19, 2018, a purported shareholder derivative complaint captioned Seung Paik v. Richard A. Fair, et al. was filed against the Company’s directors and certain of the Company’s officers in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division. The lawsuit is based on the same facts as the Kakkar class action and purports to seek damages on behalf of the Company against the individual defendants for breach of fiduciary duty, waste, unjust enrichment and violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act. The complaint alleges that the defendants caused or allowed the Company to disseminate misstatements regarding the clinical trials for rivo-cel and to make false or misleading statements in the proxy materials for the Company’s 2017 annual meeting of stockholders. On July 8, 2019, another purported shareholder derivative complaint captioned Scott Ludovissy and Ann Gordon Trammell v. Richard A. Fair, et al. was filed against the same defendants in the same court. On November 1, 2019, an additional purported shareholder derivative complaint captioned Mildred Taylor and Jessica Amor v. Richard A. Fair, et al. was filed against certain of the Company’s officers and directors in the District of Delaware. The lawsuit purports to seek monetary damages. The Taylor complaint includes substantially similar factual allegations as the other matters described above and seeks to hold the defendants liable for allegedly causing the Company to make material misstatements. The Paik, Ludovissy, and Taylor derivative causes of action have been stayed until reinstated on motion of the parties.

Other Litigation

On May 29, 2019, Bellicum was served with a second amended complaint indicating that the Company had been added as an additional defendant in an ongoing civil tort lawsuit, captioned Kelly v. Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles et al., filed in the Los Angeles County Superior Court, Case No. BC681477. On July 10, 2019, a third amended complaint was filed, which alleges claims for wrongful death, negligence, breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, medical battery on decedent, medical battery on individual plaintiffs, products liability - failure to warn, breach of express warranty and products liability design or manufacturing defect. Plaintiffs are seeking unspecified monetary damages including punitive damages. In response to the third amended complaint, Bellicum filed a demurrer and a motion to strike portions of the third amended complaint, the hearings for which have been continued indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in these proceedings. An adverse finding could materially affect our business and results of operations.

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ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of PresentationThe accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the authoritative U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Cancer Research Grant Contract

On August 9, 2017, the Company entered into a Cancer Research Grant Contract (the “CPRIT Agreement”) with the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas (“CPRIT”), pursuant to which CPRIT awarded a grant of approximately $16.9 million to the Company to fund development of rivo-cel for hematologic cancer (the “CPRIT Award”). The CPRIT Award is contingent upon funds being available during the term of the CPRIT Agreement and subject to CPRIT’s ability to perform its obligations under the CPRIT Agreement.

During 2017, the Company received $4.2 million in advance funding from CPRIT, which was recorded as deferred revenue. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020, the Company did not incur expenses or recognize revenue for work performed under the CPRIT grant. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019, the Company incurred expenses and recognized revenue of $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, for work performed under the CPRIT grant.

The CPRIT Agreement was due to expire on February 29, 2020, but was terminated early by the Company on January 31, 2020. Upon termination of the CPRIT Agreement, the Company reclassified the remaining unexpended award proceeds of $0.8 million from deferred revenue to accrued liabilities. During the three month period ended June 30, 2020, the Company returned the remaining unexpended award proceeds to CPRIT and released the accrued liability.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments with maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase and that can be liquidated without prior notice or penalty, to be cash equivalents.

Warrant Derivatives

Warrant Derivatives

Freestanding warrants are classified as liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as they are exercisable for multiple underlying instruments that are potentially redeemable. The Company accounts for these warrants at fair value on the date of issuance and are subject to re-measurement to fair value at each balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recognized as a component of other income (expense) on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company will continue to adjust the liability for changes in fair value until the earlier of the exercise or expiration of the warrants or a change in control, as defined. The warrants are freely exercisable at any time from the issuance date until the expiration date, provided exercise does not cause a warrant holder to exceed a pre-determined beneficial ownership limit.

The Company estimates the fair value of these liabilities using the Black-Scholes valuation technique, which utilizes assumptions including (i) the fair value of the underlying stock at the valuation measurement date, (ii) volatility of the price of the underlying stock, (iii) the expected term, and (iv) risk-free interest rates.

Preferred Stock

Preferred Stock

Preferred shares issued by the Company that are subject to mandatory redemption are classified as liability instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are measured at fair value at the date of issuance. Conditionally redeemable preferred shares (including preferred shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified within mezzanine equity in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. At all other times, preferred shares are classified within stockholders’ (deficit) equity.

Operating Leases

Operating Leases

At the inception of a contractual arrangement, the Company determines whether the contract contains a lease by assessing whether there is an identified asset and whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration over a period of time. If both criteria are met, upon lease commencement, the Company records a lease liability which represents the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, and a corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) asset which represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term.

Operating leases are recognized as ROU assets and operating lease liabilities on the balance sheet based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date calculated using the Company's incremental borrowing rate applicable to the underlying asset unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. Any lease incentives received are deferred and recorded as a reduction of the ROU asset and amortized over the term of the lease. Rent expense, comprised of amortization of the ROU asset and the implicit interest accreted on the operating lease liability, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of the lease and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the balance sheets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or an exit price paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in a principal market on the measurement date.

Accounting standards include disclosure requirements around fair values used for certain financial instruments and establish a fair value hierarchy. The three-tier hierarchy defines a three-tiered valuation hierarchy for disclosures that prioritizes valuation inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market, as described further in Note 2.

Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, and unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions.

These inputs are classified into the following hierarchy:

Level 1 Inputs - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date;

Level 2 Inputs - inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 Inputs - unobservable inputs for the assets.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company believes the recorded values of its financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and debt approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

Financial Instruments and Credit Risks

Financial Instruments and Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk include cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash is deposited in demand accounts in federally insured domestic institutions to minimize risk. Insurance is provided through the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Security Investor Protection Corporation. Although the balances in these accounts exceed the federally insured limit from time to time, the Company has not incurred losses related to these deposits.

Equity Issuance Costs

Equity Issuance Costs

Equity issuance costs represent costs paid to third parties in order to obtain equity financing. The costs related to preferred and common stock have been netted against the proceeds of the equity issuances.

Net Loss and Net Loss per Share of Common Stock Attributable to Common Stockholders

Net Loss and Net Loss per Share of Common Stock Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted earnings per share is based on the treasury stock method and includes the effect from potential issuance of ordinary shares, such as shares issuable pursuant to the conversion of preferred stock to common stock, exercise of warrants to purchase common stock, exercise of stock options, and vesting of restricted stock units.

Application of New Accounting Standards

New Accounting Requirements and Disclosures

Fair Value Measurement

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies fair value disclosures and removes some disclosure requirements for both public and private companies. In addition, public companies are subject to some new disclosure requirements which requires to disclose the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2020 with no material effect on its financial statements.

Financial Instruments – Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets including trade receivables held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2020 with no material effect on its financial statements. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. This ASU does not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2016-13, instead these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics included within the credit losses guidance. The FASB also subsequently issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Financial Instruments (Topic 842), which did not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2016-13 but clarified that expected recoveries of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off should be included in the valuation account and should not exceed amounts previously written off and expected to be written off. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019 for public business entities, excluding smaller reporting companies. Early adoption is permitted. As a smaller reporting company, the guidance will be effective for the Company during the first quarter of 2023. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740). The guidance eliminates certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. This guidance also includes guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. ASU 2019-12 is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this change will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Investments

In January 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-01, Investments—Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)—Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815 (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force), which clarifies the interaction of the accounting for equity securities, investments accounted for under the equity method, and certain forward contracts and purchased options. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of determining the impact the adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements as well as whether to early adopt the new guidance

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ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, Reconciliation

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the statements of cash flows.

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	66,408	$	91,028
Restricted cash, current	87		2,788
Restricted cash, non-current	1,500		—
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows	$	67,995	$	93,816

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Accrued payroll	$	2,104	$	2,032
Accrued patient treatment costs	954		1,162
Accrued manufacturing costs	273		2,230
Accrued professional services	639		654
Accrued obligations under material supply agreements	1,123		1,121
Accrued other	2,015		2,571
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	7,108	$	9,770

Earnings Per Share, Potentially Dilutive Securities

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the computations of diluted net loss per share of common stock attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented as the effect of including such securities would be anti-dilutive.

	June 30, 2020	June 30, 2019
Common Stock Equivalents:	Number of Shares
Redeemable convertible series 1 preferred stock	5,340,000	—
Warrants to purchase common stock	5,750,000	—
Private placement option	9,675,000	—
Options to purchase common stock	1,122,938	766,533
Unvested shares of restricted stock units	187,705	21,593
Total common stock equivalents	22,075,643	788,126

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND INVESTMENT SECURITIES (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents the Company’s investment securities (including, if applicable, those classified on the Company’s balance sheet as cash equivalents) that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value at June 30, 2020						Fair Value at December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds and treasury bills	$	55,253	$	—	$	—	$	77,170	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents	$	55,253	$	—	$	—	$	77,170	$	—	$	—

Schedule of Derivative Liabilities at Fair Value

The fair value of the warrants has been estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Risk-free interest rate	0.41	%	1.83	%
Volatility of underlying stock price	90.00	%	78.67	%
Expected term (years)	6.14		6.64

The fair value of the private placement option has been estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	June 30, 2020
Risk-free interest rate	0.59	%
Volatility of underlying stock price	90.00	%
Expected term (years)	7.00

The following table provides the warrant derivative and private placement option reported at fair value and measured on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value at June 30, 2020						Fair Value at December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Warrant derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	28,183	$	—	$	—	$	52,184
Private placement option liability	—		—		33,970		—		—		12,094
Total fair value	$	—	$	—	$	62,153	$	—	$	—	$	64,278

The following table reflects the fair value roll forward reconciliation of the warrant derivative and private placement option liabilities for the period ended June 30, 2020:

(in thousands)	Warrant Derivative Liability		Private Placement Option Liability		Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	52,184	$	12,094	$	64,278
Change in fair value	(24,001)		21,876		(2,125)
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	28,183	$	33,970	$	62,153

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LEASES (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Components of Lease Cost

Components of lease cost are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of leased asset	$	18	$	18	$	36	$	24
Interest on lease liabilities	6		7		12		10
Operating lease cost	194		547		499		993
Short-term lease cost	207		12		241		47
Total lease cost	$	425	$	584	$	788	$	1,074

	June 30, 2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	2.10 years
Finance leases	1.90 years
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases	12.77	%
Finance leases	13.28	%

Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash activity related to the Company's operating leases are as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Operating cash flow information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	819	$	1,095
Operating cash flows from finance leases	12		10
Financing cash flows from finance leases	35		14
Non-cash activity:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	—	$	1,259

Maturities of lease liabilities by year for leases are as follows:

Maturity of Finance Lease Liabilities

(in thousands)	Operating Leases		Financing Leases
2020	$	252	$	48
2021	515		90
2022	316		39
2023 and beyond	—		—
Total lease payments	1,083		177
Less: Imputed interest	(139)		(21)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	944	$	156

Maturity of Operating Lease Liabilities

(in thousands)	Operating Leases		Financing Leases
2020	$	252	$	48
2021	515		90
2022	316		39
2023 and beyond	—		—
Total lease payments	1,083		177
Less: Imputed interest	(139)		(21)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	944	$	156

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AUGUST 2019 PUBLIC OFFERING AND PRIVATE PLACEMENT (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Derivative Liabilities at Fair Value

The fair value of the warrants has been estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Risk-free interest rate	0.41	%	1.83	%
Volatility of underlying stock price	90.00	%	78.67	%
Expected term (years)	6.14		6.64

The fair value of the private placement option has been estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	June 30, 2020
Risk-free interest rate	0.59	%
Volatility of underlying stock price	90.00	%
Expected term (years)	7.00

The following table provides the warrant derivative and private placement option reported at fair value and measured on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value at June 30, 2020						Fair Value at December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Warrant derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	28,183	$	—	$	—	$	52,184
Private placement option liability	—		—		33,970		—		—		12,094
Total fair value	$	—	$	—	$	62,153	$	—	$	—	$	64,278

The following table reflects the fair value roll forward reconciliation of the warrant derivative and private placement option liabilities for the period ended June 30, 2020:

(in thousands)	Warrant Derivative Liability		Private Placement Option Liability		Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	52,184	$	12,094	$	64,278
Change in fair value	(24,001)		21,876		(2,125)
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	28,183	$	33,970	$	62,153

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity for all stock plans during the six months ended June 30, 2020:

	Options and Inducement Awards
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	567,842
Granted	634,085
Exercised	—
Forfeited	(78,989)
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	1,122,938
Exercisable at June 30, 2020	335,278

Stock Award Activity For All Stock Plans

The following table summarizes the stock award activity for all stock plans during the six months ended June 30, 2020:

	Restricted Stock Awards and Units
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	6,359
Granted	207,547
Vested	(2,309)
Forfeited	(23,892)
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	187,705

ESPP Activity

A summary of activity within the ESPP follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019
Deductions from employees	$	62	$	48
Share-based compensation expense recognized	46		57
Remaining share-based compensation expense	144		135

Valuation Assumptions

The fair value of option grants is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and has been estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Risk-free interest rate	1.24	%	2.25	%
Volatility	81.53	%	72.10	%
Expected life (years)	6.04		6.08
Expected dividend yield	—		—

Share-Based Compensation Expense by Classification

Share-based compensation expense by classification for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Research and development	$	661	$	959	$	1,209	$	2,024
General and administrative	903		1,037		1,678		2,108
Total	$	1,564	$	1,996	$	2,887	$	4,132

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ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details)			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 14, 2020 USD ($)	Feb. 05, 2020 shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 15, 2020 shares	Jun. 14, 2020 shares	Feb. 04, 2020 shares	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Aug. 09, 2017 USD ($)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Reverse stock split ratio		0.1
Common stock, authorized (in shares) | shares		40,000,000	80,000,000		80,000,000		80,000,000	40,000,000	200,000,000	80,000,000
Accumulated deficit			$ (558,643,000)		$ (558,643,000)					$ (533,025,000)
Revenues			0	$ 1,391,000	0	$ 1,907,000
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			7,108,000		7,108,000					$ 9,770,000
Gain on dispositions, net			3,761,000	0	3,761,000	0
Grant from CPRIT
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Restricted cash, noncurrent			100,000		100,000						$ 4,200,000
Release Of Restricted Cash					(3,300,000)
Held in escrow
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Restricted cash, noncurrent			1,100,000		1,100,000
2130 W. Holcombe Blvd.
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Escrow Deposits Related to Property Sales	$ 1,500,000
Amount paid upon closing of asset sale	$ 15,000,000.0
Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Assets held for sale, property and equipment			12,000,000.0		12,000,000.0
Assets held for sale, right-of-use assets			4,800,000		4,800,000
Assets held for sale, current lease liabilities			1,400,000		1,400,000
Assets held for sale, long-term lease liabilities			4,600,000		4,600,000
Gain on dispositions, net			3,800,000		3,800,000
Grants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Revenues			0	$ 1,391,000	0	$ 1,907,000
CPRIT
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Grants awarded												$ 16,900,000
Advanced funding											$ 4,200,000
CPRIT | Grants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Revenues			0		0
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			$ 800,000		$ 800,000

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ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION, AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Cash Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 66,408	$ 91,028
Restricted cash, current	87	2,788
Restricted cash, non-current	1,500	0
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows	$ 67,995	$ 93,816	$ 46,841	$ 48,668

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ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION, AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Accrued payroll	$ 2,104	$ 2,032
Accrued patient treatment costs	954	1,162
Accrued manufacturing costs	273	2,230
Accrued professional services	639	654
Accrued obligations under material supply agreements	1,123	1,121
Accrued other	2,015	2,571
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 7,108	$ 9,770

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ORGANIZATION, BASIS OF PRESENTATION, AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Earnings Per Share, Potentially Dilutive Securities (Details) - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Total common stock equivalents (in shares)	22,075,643	788,126
Redeemable convertible series 1 preferred stock
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Total common stock equivalents (in shares)	5,340,000	0
Warrants to purchase common stock
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Total common stock equivalents (in shares)	5,750,000	0
Private placement option
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Total common stock equivalents (in shares)	9,675,000	0
Options to purchase common stock
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Total common stock equivalents (in shares)	1,122,938	766,533
Unvested shares of restricted stock units
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Total common stock equivalents (in shares)	187,705	21,593

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FAIR VALUE OF MEASUREMENTS AND INVESTMENT SECURITIES - Assets Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Restricted cash, non-current	$ 1,500	$ 0
Level 1
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	55,253	77,170
Level 1 | Money market funds and treasury bills
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	55,253	77,170
Level 2
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	0	0
Level 2 | Money market funds and treasury bills
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	0	0
Level 3
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	0	0
Level 3 | Money market funds and treasury bills
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Total cash equivalents	$ 0	$ 0

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FAIR VALUE OF MEASUREMENTS AND INVESTMENT SECURITIES - Fair Value of Warrants (Details)	6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Derivative [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	1.24%	2.25%
Volatility of underlying stock price	81.53%	72.10%
Expected life (years)	6 years 14 days	6 years 29 days
Warrant Derivative Liability
Derivative [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	0.41%		1.83%
Volatility of underlying stock price	90.00%		78.67%
Expected life (years)	6 years 1 month 20 days		6 years 7 months 20 days
Private Placement Option Liability
Derivative [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	0.59%
Volatility of underlying stock price	90.00%
Expected life (years)	7 years

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FAIR VALUE OF MEASUREMENTS AND INVESTMENT SECURITIES - Derivative Liabilities Reported at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrant derivative liability	$ 28,183	$ 52,184
Private placement option derivative liability	33,970	12,094
Level 1
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrant derivative liability	0	0
Private placement option derivative liability	0	0
Total derivative liabilities	0	0
Level 2
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrant derivative liability	0	0
Private placement option derivative liability	0	0
Total derivative liabilities	0	0
Level 3
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrant derivative liability	28,183	52,184
Private placement option derivative liability	33,970	12,094
Total derivative liabilities	$ 62,153	$ 64,278

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LEASES - Additional Information (Details)	Jun. 30, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Remaining lease term	2 years

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LEASES - Components of Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of leased asset	$ 18	$ 18	$ 36	$ 24
Interest on lease liabilities	6	7	12	10
Operating lease cost	194	547	499	993
Short-term lease cost	207	12	241	47
Total lease cost	$ 425	$ 584	$ 788	$ 1,074
Weighted-average remaining lease term, operating leases	2 years 1 month 6 days		2 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average remaining lease term, finance leases	1 year 10 months 24 days		1 year 10 months 24 days
Weighted-average discount rate, operating leases	12.77%		12.77%
Weighted-average discount rate, finance leases	13.28%		13.28%

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LEASES - Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Operating cash flow information:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 819	$ 1,095
Operating cash flows from operating leases	12	10
Financing cash flows from finance leases	35	14
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$ 0	$ 1,259

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LEASES - Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate (Details)	Jun. 30, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term, operating leases	2 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average discount rate, operating leases	12.77%

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LEASES - Maturity of Lease Liabilities (Details)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Operating Leases
2020	$ 252,000
2021	515,000
2022	316,000
2023 and beyond	0
Total lease payments	1,083,000
Less: Imputed interest	(139,000)
Present value of lease liabilities	944,000
Financing Leases
2020	48,000
2021	90,000
2022	39,000
2023 and beyond	0
Total lease payments	177,000
Less: Imputed interest	(21,000)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 156,000

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DEBT (Details)			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 14, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 21, 2017 USD ($) installment	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Payment on debt					$ 10,000,000	$ 0
Amortization of deferred issuance costs					388,000	439,000
Oxford Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowings		$ 35,000,000.0
Number of periodic payments | installment		35
Final payment, percent of principal		8.70%
Early repayment fee, percentage of prepaid amount, period one		3.00%
Early repayment fee, percentage of prepaid amount, period two		2.00%
Early repayment fee, percentage of prepaid amount, period three		1.00%
Payment on debt	$ 7,000,000.0
Partial payment of final payment percentage	$ 600,000
Payment of debt issuance costs		$ 100,000
Final facility charge payment		$ 3,000,000.0
Amortization of deferred issuance costs			$ 200,000	$ 200,000	$ 400,000	$ 400,000
Interest rate at end of period			10.98%		10.98%
Oxford Loan | Floating per Annum Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate - plus (minus)		7.25%
Oxford Loan | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate - plus (minus)		1.25%
Hercules Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Payment on debt		$ 32,900,000

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AUGUST 2019 PUBLIC OFFERING AND PRIVATE PLACEMENT - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		6 Months Ended
	Aug. 16, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock in a public offering, net		$ 53.8
Proceeds upon entering into private placement agreement		11.2
Total offering costs related to warrants and options		$ 3.0
Series 1 redeemable convertible non-voting preferred stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issuable per warrants (in shares)		10
Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issuable under warrants (in shares)	5,750,000
Price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 100.00
Public Offering | Series 1 redeemable convertible non-voting preferred stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold in offering (in shares)	575,000
Warrants exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 130.00
Public Offering | Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issuable per warrants (in shares)	10
Warrants exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 13.00
Public Offering | Common Stock | Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants, limitations on ownership after exercise		9.99%
Public Offering | Common Stock | Maximum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants, limitations on ownership after exercise		19.99%
Private Placement | Series 2 Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold in offering (in shares)	350,000
Shares issuable under warrants (in shares)	2,800,000
Price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 100.00
Warrants exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.00
Private Placement | Series 3 Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold in offering (in shares)	250,000
Private Placement | Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issuable under warrants (in shares)	875,000
Price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 140.00
Warrants exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 14.00

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AUGUST 2019 PUBLIC OFFERING AND PRIVATE PLACEMENT - Fair Value of Derivative Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Change in fair value of warrant and private placement option liabilities	$ 30,701	$ 0	$ (2,125)	$ 0
Level 3
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liability, fair value at date of issuance	62,153		62,153		$ 64,278
Change in fair value of warrant and private placement option liabilities			(2,125)
Warrant Derivative Liability |  Level 3
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liability, fair value at date of issuance	28,183		28,183		52,184
Change in fair value of warrant and private placement option liabilities			(24,001)
Private Placement Option Liability |  Level 3
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liability, fair value at date of issuance	$ 33,970		33,970		$ 12,094
Change in fair value of warrant and private placement option liabilities			$ 21,876

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REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK (Details) - $ / shares	Aug. 16, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Aug. 31, 2019
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)			10,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)			$ 0.01
50-day trading volume on Nasdaq stock market (in shares)		50,000
Series 1 redeemable convertible non-voting preferred stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, authorized (in shares)			1,517,500
Preferred stock, outstanding (in shares)		534,000
Shares issuable per warrants (in shares)		10
Series 2 Preferred Stock | Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold in offering (in shares)	350,000
Price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 100.00
Series 3 Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Closing price of common stock (in usd per share)		$ 35.00
Series 3 Preferred Stock | Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock sold in offering (in shares)	250,000
Series 1 and 2 Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Price per share (in dollars per share)		100.00
Closing price of common stock (in usd per share)		$ 25.00
Preferred Stock | Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 140.00

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions		1 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 05, 2018 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) shares	Jan. 31, 2020 shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) plan shares	Jun. 30, 2019 shares	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock, issued (in shares)		5,127,525		5,127,525		5,076,593
Number of share-based compensation plans | plan				5
Compensation cost not yet recognized | $		$ 9.4		$ 9.4
Period for recognition				2 years 3 months 18 days
2019 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized (in shares)		250,000		250,000
Additional authorized shares approved (in shares)		500,000	600,000
2019 Equity Incentive Plan | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized (in shares)			600,540
Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period (in years)				4 years
Expiration period (in years)				10 years
ESPP
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Discount rate from grant date fair market value				15.00%
Issuance of common stock - Employee Stock Purchase Plan (in shares)				9,526	4,000
Shares available for issuance under ESPP (in shares)		23,937		23,937
ESPP | 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized (in shares)		55,000		55,000
Jefferies LLC
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of stock from employee stock purchase plan | $	$ 60.0					$ 9.0
Common stock, issued (in shares)						259,115

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS - Stock Option Activity (Details) - Employee Stock Options And Inducement Option Awards	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 shares
Options and Inducement awards
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	567,842
Granted (in shares)	634,085
Exercised (in shares)	0
Forfeited (in shares)	(78,989)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares)	1,122,938
Exercisable (in shares)	335,278

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS - Stock Award Activity For All Stock Plans (Details) - Restricted Stock Awards and Units	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 shares
Restricted Stock Awards and Units
Beginning balance (in shares)	6,359
Granted (in shares)	207,547
Vested (in shares)	(2,309)
Forfeited (in shares)	(23,892)
Ending balance (in shares)	187,705

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS - ESPP Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense recognized	$ 1,564	$ 1,996	$ 2,887	$ 4,132
Remaining share-based compensation expense			2,887	4,132
ESPP
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Deductions from employees			62	48
Share-based compensation expense recognized			46	57
Remaining share-based compensation expense			$ 144	$ 135

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS - Valuation Assumptions (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Risk-free interest rate	1.24%	2.25%
Volatility	81.53%	72.10%
Expected life (years)	6 years 14 days	6 years 29 days
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS - Expense by Classification (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense recognized	$ 1,564	$ 1,996	$ 2,887	$ 4,132
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense recognized	661	959	1,209	2,024
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense recognized	$ 903	$ 1,037	$ 1,678	$ 2,108

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Details) - Licensing Agreements			1 Months Ended
	Dec. 10, 2015 USD ($)	Jun. 10, 2015 USD ($) product	Mar. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Baylor
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Nonrefundable license fee			$ 100,000
Agensys, Inc.
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Nonrefundable upfront fee	$ 3,000,000.0
Milestone payments upon first achievement of specified clinical milestones	5,000,000.0
Milestone payments upon achievement of specified clinical milestones for each licensed product	50,000,000.0
Milestone payments upon achievement of sales milestones	75,000,000.0
Option exercise fee	5,000,000.0
Milestone payments reduced upon exercise of option	$ 65,000,000.0
Termination period, number of years after first commercial sale of licensed product	10 years
Termination period, notice of failure on uncured items	60 days
Period of notice of failure on uncured items, if material breach is related to failure to make payments	30 days
BioVec Pharma Inc
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Nonrefundable upfront fee		$ 100,000
Milestone payments upon first achievement of specified clinical milestones		$ 250,000
Termination period, notice of failure on uncured items		60 days
Upfront fee payment period, number of days from effective date		10 days
License costs due upon first release of product		$ 300,000
License costs due upon first release of product, period of payment		10 days
License agreement, annual fee		$ 150,000
License agreement, annual fee period, from first IND filing		30 days
Milestone payments, number of initial products | product		3
License agreement, milestone payments upon receipt of FDA or EMA registration		$ 2,000,000.0
Termination notice period for any other breach		90 days
Termination period, after insolvency event		30 days