Franchise fees and royalty income

Franchise fees and royalty income consisted of the following (in thousands):



	Fiscal year ended
	December 30, 2017		December 31, 2016	December 26, 2015
Royalty income	$	518,572	500,927	463,960
Initial franchise fees and renewal income	74,117		48,644	49,262
Total franchise fees and royalty income	$	592,689	549,571	513,222

The changes in franchised and company-operated points of distribution were as follows:



	Fiscal year ended
	December 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		December 26, 2015
Systemwide points of distribution:
Franchised points of distribution in operation—beginning of year	20,080		19,308		18,821
Franchised points of distribution—opened	1,339		1,540		1,536
Franchised points of distribution—closed	(899	)	(819	)	(1,051	)
Net transfers from company-operated points of distribution	—		51		2
Franchised points of distribution in operation—end of year	20,520		20,080		19,308
Company-operated points of distribution—end of year	—		—		49
Total systemwide points of distribution—end of year	20,520		20,080		19,357

During fiscal year 2016, the Company sold all remaining company-operated restaurants and recognized gains on sales of $7.6 million, which are included in other operating income, net in our consolidated statement of operations. As of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company did not own or operate any restaurants.