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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of share-based compensation expense
Share-based compensation expense is as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Research and development
$
2,599

 
$
1,943

 
$
1,387

Selling, general and administrative
12,247

 
9,348

 
7,046

Total
$
14,846

 
$
11,291

 
$
8,433


Schedule of assumptions used in estimation of fair value of each award option on the date of grant using Black-Scholes option-pricing model
The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of the grant, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the assumptions in the following table:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Fair value of common stock
$22.99 - $37.78
 
$37.20 - $58.15
 
$25.30 - $41.00
Expected volatility
61.36% - 63.28%
 
57.95% - 60.56%
 
53.61% - 60.60%
Dividend yield
0%
 
0%
 
0%
Expected term
5.53 years - 6.18 years
 
6.25 years
 
6.25 years
Risk-free interest rate
1.69% - 2.55%
 
2.69% - 2.85%
 
1.90% - 2.18%
Expected forfeiture rate
0%
 
0%
 
0%

Summary of stock option and SAR activity
 
Number of
Options
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
 
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (in years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding , December 31, 2017
4,280,670

 
$
14.50

 
7.37
 
$
108,520

Granted
762,915

 
$
39.91

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(930,483
)
 
$
10.07

 
 
 
$
36,317

Forfeited
(196,139
)
 
$
25.01

 
 
 
 
Outstanding, December 31, 2018
3,916,963

 
$
19.98

 
7.10
 
$
57,220

Granted
880,235

 
$
36.43

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(114,753
)
 
$
12.90

 
 
 
$
2,423

Forfeited
(75,886
)
 
$
34.80

 
 
 
 
Outstanding, December 31, 2019
4,606,559

 
$
23.05

 
6.66
 
$
27,716

As of December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vested and expected to vest
4,606,559

 
$
23.05

 
6.66
 
$
27,716

Exercisable
2,598,112

 
$
15.68

 
5.48
 
$
25,594