Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2013

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Company's consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Supernus Europe Ltd., These are collectively referred to herein as "Supernus" or "the Company." All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP).

The Company, which is primarily located in the United States, operates in one business segment.

The assets and liabilities related to TCD Royalty Sub LLC (TCD) have identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities, and the Company does not have significant continuing involvement with the related products. Accordingly, the results of operations, related to TCD are presented as discontinued operations until its disposition on December 14, 2011.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and judgments in certain circumstances that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management has made its best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, fair value of financial assets and liabilities, common stock options and warrants, income taxes, preclinical study and clinical trial accruals, and other contingencies. Management bases its estimates on historical experience or on various other assumptions, including information received from its service providers and independent valuation consultants, which it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all investments in highly liquid financial instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Marketable Securities

Marketable Securities

Marketable securities may consist of investments in U.S. Treasuries, various U.S. governmental agency debt securities, corporate bonds and other fixed income securities. Management classifies the Company's investments as available-for-sale. Such securities are carried at estimated fair value, with any unrealized holding gains or losses reported, net of any tax effects reported, as accumulated other comprehensive income, which is a separate component of stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses, and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary, if any, are included in consolidated results of operations. A decline in the market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a reduction in fair value, which is charged to earnings in that period, and a new cost basis for the security is established. Dividend and interest income is recognized as interest income when earned. The cost of securities sold is calculated using the specific identification method. The Company places all investments with highly rated government or private sector or industrial financial institutions whose debt is rated as investment grade.

The Company established the Supernus Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) for the sole purpose of receiving funds for two executives from a previous SERP and providing a continuing deferral program under the Supernus SERP. As of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the estimated fair value of the mutual fund investment securities within the SERP was approximately $305,000 and $279,000 respectively. The fair value of these assets is included within other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. A corresponding noncurrent liability is also included in the consolidated balance sheets to reflect the Company's obligation for the SERP. The Company has not made, and has no plans to make, contributions to the SERP. The securities are restricted in nature and can only be used for purposes of paying benefits under the SERP.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable are reported in the consolidated balance sheets at outstanding amounts, less an allowance for doubtful accounts if necessary and net of prompt pay discounts. The Company extends credit without requiring collateral. The Company writes off uncollectible receivables when the likelihood of collection is remote. The Company evaluates the collectability of accounts receivable on a regular basis. An allowance for uncollectible receivables is based upon various factors including the financial condition and payment history of customers, an overall review of collections experience on other accounts, and economic factors or events expected to affect future collections experience. No accounts have been written off in 2013 and 2012. No allowance for uncollectible receivables is recorded at December 31, 2013 or December 31, 2012. The Company has an allowance of $0.1 million for expected prompt-pay discounts as of December 31, 2013 and no allowance at December 31, 2012. The following table includes those customers that represent more than 10% total revenue:


Customer A	34	%
Customer B	34	%
Customer C	26	%

Three customers each having a balance of more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2013 represent an aggregate of 96.4% of accounts receivable.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and marketable securities. The counterparties are various corporations and financial institutions of high credit standing.

Substantially all of the Company's cash and cash equivalents are maintained with well known, U.S. and non U.S. financial institutions, government agencies, and corporations. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, management believes they bear minimal risk.

Inventory

Inventory

Inventories, which are recorded at the lower of cost or market, include materials, labor, and other direct and indirect costs and are valued using the first-in, first-out method. The Company capitalizes inventories produced in preparation for commercial launches when it becomes probable that the related product candidates will receive regulatory approval and that the related costs will be recoverable through the commercial sale of the product. In the case of Oxtellar XR, manufacturing costs have been capitalized since October 2012, when the Company received tentative approval from the FDA for the commercialization of Oxtellar XR. In the case of Trokendi XR, manufacturing costs have been capitalized since June 2012, when the Company received tentative approval from the FDA for the commercialization of Trokendi XR.

Inventory is evaluated for impairment through consideration of factors such as the net realizable value, lower of cost or market, obsolescence, and expiry. Inventories do not have carrying values that exceed either cost or net realizable value. The company had no inventory reserve at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to operations. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the following average useful lives:


Computer equipment		3 years
Software		3 years
Lab equipment and furniture		5 - 10 years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of lease term or useful life

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist primarily of purchased patents. Patents are carried at cost less accumulated amortization, which is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the patents, generally estimated to be ten years. The carrying value of the patents is assessed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. There were no indicators of impairment identified at December 31, 2013 or 2012.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets consist primarily of purchased patents and property and equipment. The Company assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If indications of impairment exist, projected future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset are compared to the carrying amount to determine whether the asset's value is recoverable. Evaluating for impairment requires judgment, including the estimation of future cash flows, future growth rates and profitability and the expected life over which cash flows will occur. Changes in the Company's business strategy or adverse changes in market conditions could impact impairment analyses and require the recognition of an impairment charge equal to the excess of the carrying value of the long-lived assets over its estimated fair value. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company determined that there was no impairment of the Company's long-lived assets.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs consist of financing costs incurred by the Company in connection with the closing of the Company's 7.50% Convertible Senior Secured Notes and Secured Notes Payable (see Note 8). The Company amortizes deferred financing costs over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method. Upon extinguishment of debt the related deferred financing costs are written off.

Preclinical Study and Clinical Trial Accruals and Deferred Advance Payments

Preclinical Study and Clinical Trial Accruals and Deferred Advance Payments

The Company estimates preclinical study and clinical trial expenses based on the services performed pursuant to contracts with research institutions, investigators, and clinical research organizations that conduct these activities on our behalf. In recording service fees, the Company estimates the time period over which the related services will be performed and compares the level of effort expended through the end of each period to the cumulative expenses recorded and payments made for such services and, as appropriate, accrues additional service fees or defers any non-refundable advance payments until the related services are performed. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the estimate, the Company will adjust its accrual or deferred advance payment accordingly. If the Company later determines that it no longer expects the services associated with a nonrefundable advance payment to be rendered, the advance payment will be charged to expense in the period that such determination is made.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in its consolidated financial statements when it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions must initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts. The Company's policy is to recognize any interest and penalties related to income taxes in income tax expense.

Revenue Recognition on Product Sales

Revenue Recognition on Product Sales

Revenue from product sales are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred and title of the product and associated risk of loss has passed to the customer, the price is fixed or determinable, collection from the customer has been reasonably assured and all performance obligations have been met and returns and allowances can be reasonably estimated. Product sales are recorded net of estimated rebates, chargebacks, discounts, co-pay assistance and other deductions (collectively, "sales deductions") as well as estimated product returns.

Oxtellar XR Gross Revenue

The Company launched Oxtellar XR on February 4, 2013. During the fourth quarter of 2013, we began to recognize revenue for Oxtellar XR contemporaneously upon shipment of finished product to wholesalers less allowances for estimated net sales deductions (defined below).

Trokendi XR Gross Revenue

Our products are distributed through wholesalers and pharmaceutical distributors. Each of these wholesalers and distributors will take title and ownership of the product upon physical receipt of the product and then distribute our products to the pharmacies. Though these distributors will be invoiced concurrent with product shipment, we will be unable to recognize revenue upon shipment until such time as we can reasonably estimate and record provisions for sales deductions and product returns utilizing historical information and market research projections.

The Company launched Trokendi XR on August 26, 2013. Through December 31, 2013 the Company recorded shipments to wholesalers as deferred revenue i.e., sales price net of known sales deductions (e.g. prompt pay discounts and other similar charges defined below). We lack the experiential data which would allow us to estimate all remaining sales rebates, allowances and returns. Accordingly, we must wait until these data become available to the Company.

Rather than recognize revenue upon shipments to wholesalers, the Company currently recognizes Trokendi XR revenue upon filling prescriptions at pharmacies because prescriptions filled at the pharmacy level have no remaining right of return. However, because we are still compiling historical data related to our experience with other sales deductions, we cannot reasonably estimate all other sales rebates and allowances, but rather must wait until this data becomes available to the Company. Because this occurs approximately eight weeks after the close of the quarter, the Company currently delays recognition of revenue until the subsequent fiscal quarter.

The Company believes the compilation of sufficient product specific historical data to reasonably estimate returns, rebates, and allowances for Trokendi XR may be available by the second quarter of 2014, at which time the Company may record revenue based on shipments to wholesalers rather than on prescriptions filled at the pharmacy level.

With respect to prescriptions which were filled in the third quarter, data on rebates and allowances were generally received by the end of November. As a result of the time lag between the end of the quarter and receipt of these data, the Company could not determine net revenue in a timeframe which would allow reporting third quarter net revenue in the Form 10-Q filed for the quarter ended September 30, 2013. Consequently, revenue generated from prescriptions filled at the pharmacy level in the third quarter are being reported in the Company's fourth quarter financial results. We expect to continue to report revenue based on prescriptions filled at the pharmacy level until sufficient experience with rebates and allowances is assembled to allow reporting of revenue based on shipments to wholesalers.

Net Sales Deductions

Allowances for estimated sales deductions are provided for the following:

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Rebates.  Allowances for rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, the Medicare coverage gap program, as well as negotiated discounts with commercial health-care providers. Rebates are amounts owed after the final dispensing of products to a benefit plan participant and are based upon contractual agreements or legal requirements with the public sector (e.g. Medicaid) and with private sector benefit providers. The allowance for rebates is based on statutory and contractual discount rates and expected claimed rebates paid based on a plan provider's utilization. Our estimates for expected claimed rebates are based in part on third party market research. Rebates are generally invoiced and paid quarterly in arrears so that the accrual balance consists of an estimate of the amount expected to be incurred for the current quarter's activity, plus an accrual balance for known prior quarters' unpaid rebates. If actual future rebates vary from estimates, we may need to adjust prior period accruals, which would affect revenue in the period of adjustment.

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Chargebacks.  Chargebacks are discounts that occur when contracted customers purchase directly from an intermediary distributor or wholesaler. Contracted customers, which currently consist primarily of Public Health Service institutions and Federal government entities purchasing via the Federal Supply Schedule, generally purchase the product at a discounted price. The distributor or wholesaler, in turn, charges back the difference between the price initially paid by the distributor or wholesaler and the discounted price paid to the distributor or wholesaler by the customer. The allowance for distributor/wholesaler chargebacks is based on known sales to contracted customers.

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Distributor/Wholesaler deductions and discounts.  U.S. specialty distributors and wholesalers are offered various forms of consideration including allowances, service fees and prompt payment discounts as consideration for distributing our products. Distributor allowances and service fees arise from contractual agreements with distributors and are generally a percentage of the purchase price paid by the distributors and wholesalers. Wholesale customers are offered a prompt pay discount for payment within a specified period.

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Co-pay assistance.  Patients who pay in cash or have commercial insurance and meet certain eligibility requirements may receive co-pay assistance from the Company. The intent of this program is to reduce the patient's out of pocket costs. Liabilities for co-pay assistance will be based on actual program participation and estimates of program redemption using data provided by third-party administrators.

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Returns.  Sales of our products are not subject to a general right of return; however, the Company will accept product that is damaged or defective when shipped directly from our warehouse or for expired product up to 12 months subsequent to its expiry date. Product that has been used to fill patient prescriptions is no longer subject to any right of return.

Revenue recognition of License Revenue

Revenue recognition of License Revenue

Multiple Element Arrangements

For arrangements entered into with multiple elements, such as collaboration agreements, the Company evaluates whether the components of each arrangement are separate elements based on certain criteria. Accordingly, revenues from such agreements are recognized based on the performance requirements of the agreements. The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the fee is fixed and determinable, and collection is reasonably assured.

Non-refundable license fees are recognized as revenue when the Company has a contractual right to receive such payment, the contract price is fixed or determinable, the collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured, and the Company has no further significant performance obligations in exchange for the license.

As of January 1, 2011, the Company adopted Accounting Standard Update (ASU) No. 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)—Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements: a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force (ASU No. 2009-13) which was codified in ASC 605-25. ASU No. 2009-13 establishes a selling-price hierarchy for determining the selling price of each element within a multiple-deliverable arrangement. Specifically, the selling price assigned to each deliverable is to be based on vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) if available; third-party evidence, if VSOE is unavailable; and estimated selling prices if neither VSOE or third-party evidence is available. In addition, ASU No. 2009-13 eliminates the residual method of allocating arrangement consideration and instead requires allocation using the relative selling price method. The adoption of ASU No. 2009-13 did not impact the Company's consolidated financial statements, as the Company did not enter into or modify any multiple element arrangements during 2011. The Company evaluates new or materially modified multiple element arrangements pursuant to the guidance in ASC 605-25.

License and Collaboration Agreements

We have entered into collaboration agreements to have both Oxtellar XR and Trokendi XR commercialized outside of the U.S. These agreements generally include an up-front license fee and ongoing milestone payments upon the achievement of specific events. We believe the milestones meet all of the necessary criteria to be considered substantive and therefore should be recognized as revenue when achieved. For up-front license fees, we have estimated the service period of the contract and are recognizing this payment as revenue on a straight-line basis over the respective service period.

Milestone Payments

Milestone payments on licensing agreements are recognized as revenue when the collaborative partner acknowledges completion of the milestone and substantive effort was necessary to achieve the milestone. Management may recognize revenue contingent upon the achievement of a milestone in its entirety in the period in which the milestone is achieved only if the milestone meets all the criteria to be considered substantive. Substantive milestone payments are recognized upon achievement of the milestone only if all of the following conditions are met:

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the milestone payments are non-refundable;

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achievement of the milestone involves a degree of risk and was not reasonably assured at the inception of the arrangement;

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substantive effort on the Company's part is involved in achieving the milestone;

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the amount of the milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the effort expended or the risk associated with achievement of the milestone; and

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a reasonable amount of time passes between the up-front license payment and the first milestone payment as well as between each subsequent milestone payment.

Determination as to whether a payment meets the aforementioned conditions involves management's judgment. If any of these conditions are not met, the resulting payment would not be considered a substantive milestone, and therefore the resulting payment would be considered part of the consideration for the single unit of accounting and amortized over the appropriate period.

The Company recorded no milestone revenues during the year ended December, 31, 2013 and $1.1 million of milestone revenue during the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively.

Cost of Product Sales

Cost of Product Sales

The cost of product sales consist primarily of materials, third-party manufacturing costs, freight and distribution costs, allocation of labor, quality control and assurance, and other overhead costs associated with the sales of Oxtellar XR based on product shipped to distributors through December 31, 2013 and sales of Trokendi XR based on prescriptions filled at the pharmacy level during the third quarter of 2013.

Research and Development Costs

Research and Development Costs

Research and development expenditures are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs primarily consist of employee-related expenses, including salaries and benefits; expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations, investigative sites, and consultants that conduct the Company's clinical trials; the cost of acquiring and manufacturing clinical trial materials; the cost of manufacturing materials used in process validation, to the extent that those materials are manufactured prior to receiving regulatory approval for those products and are not expected to be sold commercially, facilities costs that do not have an alternative future use; related depreciation and other allocated expenses; license fees for and milestone payments related to in-licensed products and technologies; share-based compensation expense; and costs associated with non-clinical activities and regulatory approvals.

Advertising Expense

Advertising Expense

The Company records the cost of its advertising efforts when services are performed or goods are delivered. The Company incurred approximately $14.6 million and $5.8 million in advertising costs for the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

Employee share-based compensation is measured based on the estimated fair value on the grant date. The grant date fair value is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the use of subjective assumptions including volatility, expected term, risk-free rate, and the fair value of the underlying common stock. The Company has awarded non-vested stock that vest based on service conditions. The Company recognizes expense using the straight-line method less estimated forfeitures.

The Company records the expense for stock option grants to non-employees based on the estimated fair value of the stock option using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of non-employee awards is re-measured at each reporting period. As a result, stock compensation expense for non-employee awards with vesting is affected by subsequent changes in the fair value of the Company's common stock.

Warrant Liability

Warrant Liability

In January 2011, the Company entered into a secured credit facility pursuant to a loan and security agreement with certain lenders, which was subsequently amended in December 2011, providing for term loans of up to an aggregate of $30.0 million. In connection with the drawdown of $15.0 million under the secured credit facility on January 26, 2011, the Company issued to its lenders warrants to purchase an aggregate of 375,000 shares of the Company's Series A Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. The warrants became exercisable immediately and expire on January 26, 2021. Upon completion of the Company's IPO on May 1, 2012, the lender warrants converted into warrants to purchase 93,750 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $4.00 per share. These warrants are recorded as a derivative liability and, as such, the Company reflects the warrant liability at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of this derivative liability is re-measured at the end of every reporting period and the change in fair value is reported in the consolidated statements of operations as other income (expense). On October 5, 2012, a holder exercised warrants to purchase an aggregate of 75,000 shares of common stock via a cashless net share settlement election in accordance with the terms of the agreement, pursuant to which we issued the warrant holder 49,137 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the fair value of the outstanding warrants was estimated to be approximately $119,000 and $114,000, respectively. The change in fair value of approximately $5,000 and $506,000 has been recorded in other income (expense) in the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

In connection with the drawdown of the second $15.0 million under the secured credit facility on December 30, 2011, the Company issued to its lenders warrants to purchase an aggregate of 200,000 shares of the Company's Series A Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share. The warrants became exercisable immediately and expire on December 30, 2021. Upon completion of the Company's IPO on May 1, 2012, the warrants converted into warrants to purchase 49,999 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share. These warrants are recorded as a derivative liability and, as such, the Company reflects the warrant liability at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of this derivative liability is re-measured at the end of every reporting period and the change in fair value is reported in the consolidated statements of operations as other income (expense). On October 5, 2012, a holder exercised warrants to purchase an aggregate of 26,667 shares of common stock via a cashless net share settlement election in accordance with the terms of the agreement, pursuant to which we issued the warrant holder 15,172 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the fair value of the outstanding warrants was estimated to be approximately $153,000 and $138,000, respectively. The change in fair value of approximately $15,000 and $204,000 has been recorded in other income (expense) in the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

The terms of the warrant agreements provide for "down-round" anti-dilution adjustment for the warrants in certain situations whereby the Company sells or issues (a) shares at a price per share less than the exercise price of the warrants, or (b) equity-linked financial instruments with strike prices less than the exercise price of the warrants. As a result of this "down round" provision, the warrants continue to be classified as derivative liabilities.

Subsequent to the completion of its IPO, which occurred on May 1, 2012, the fair value of the Common Stock warrants is determined using a Black-Scholes model within a Monte-Carlo framework. The Monte-Carlo simulation is a generally accepted statistical method used to estimate fair value based on the application of subjective assumptions, consistently applied for each period, including the probability, timing and magnitude of the Company's issuance of additional common stock in future financings or raising capital via debt issuance. This valuation is computed at the end of each fiscal quarter to reflect conditions at each valuation date until the warrants are exercised or they expire. In addition to assumptions regarding future equity financings, consideration is also given to the current stock price, anticipated stock volatility going forward, and the anti-dilution provisions embedded in the warrant agreements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In April 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which amended interim and annual reporting requirements about accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). In interim periods, companies are required to report information about reclassifications out of AOCI and changes in AOCI balances. The provision of ASU 2013-02 became effective for the first quarter of 2013. The adoption of ASU 2013-02 did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11, which amended ASC Topic 740 regarding presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss (NOL) carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists. The amendments in ASU No. 2013-11 require an entity to present an unrecognized tax benefit as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for an NOL carryforward, or similar tax loss or tax credit carryforward, rather than as a liability when (1) the uncertain tax position would reduce the NOL or other carryforward under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction and (2) the entity intends to use the deferred tax asset for that purpose. The ASU does not require new recurring disclosures. This amendment is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013. The Company does not believe this amendment will have a material impact on its financial statements.