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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report") should refer to the audited financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2024, which are included in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K ("2024 Annual Report"), filed with the SEC and also available on our website (nxdt.nexpoint.com), since we have omitted from this Quarterly Report certain footnote disclosures which would substantially duplicate those contained in such audited financial statements. You should also refer to Note 3, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the notes to consolidated financial statements in our 2024 Annual Report for further discussion of our significant accounting policies and estimates. Information contained on, or accessible through, our website is not incorporated by reference into and does not constitute a part of this Quarterly Report or any other report or documents we file or furnish with the SEC.

Reclassification of Prior Year Activity on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Certain reclassifications have been made within the consolidated statements of cash flows to proceeds from asset redemptions, proceeds from sale of investments, and proceeds from paydowns of investments for the six months ended June 30, 2025 to be comparative to the consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Income Taxes

I.U.S. REIT Status

The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code"), and expects to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet a

number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute annually at least 90% of its “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Code, to its shareholders. As a REIT, the Company will be subject to federal income tax on its undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions it pays with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of its ordinary income, (2) 95% of its capital gain net income and (3) 100% of its undistributed income from prior years. The Company intends to operate in such a manner so as to qualify as a REIT, but no assurance can be given that the Company will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes.

If the Company fails to meet these requirements, it could be subject to federal income tax on all of the Company’s taxable income at regular corporate rates for that year. The Company would not be able to deduct distributions paid to shareholders in any year in which it fails to qualify as a REIT. Additionally, the Company will also be disqualified from electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost unless the Company is entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions. As of June 30, 2025, the Company believes it is in compliance with all applicable REIT requirements.

As a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company may deduct earnings distributed to shareholders against the income generated by our REIT operations. The Company continues to be subject to income taxes on the income of its taxable REIT subsidiaries. A reconciliation of the deferred tax asset (liability) for the periods indicated is as follows (in thousands):


	As of June 30,								As of December 31,
	2025								2024
	NHF TRS		NREO TRS		NHT TRSs		Combined		NHF TRS		NREO TRS		NHT TRSs		Combined
Deferred Tax Assets	$	14,945	$	218	$	372	$	15,535	$	14,942	$	290	$	6,561	$	21,793
Valuation Allowance	(10,632)		—		(223)		(10,855)		(10,487)		—		(6,535)		(17,022)
Deferred Tax Liability	—		(1,834)		—		(1,834)		—		(2,127)		(26)		(2,153)
Deferred Tax Asset (Liability), net of Valuation Allowance	$	4,313	$	(1,616)	$	149	$	2,846	$	4,455	$	(1,837)	$	—	$	2,618

The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual current and deferred effective tax rates, adjusted for discrete items. Our effective tax rates for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were (0.73)% and (2.73)%, respectively. Our effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to our REIT operations generally not being subject to federal income taxes.

The Company recognizes its tax positions and evaluates them using a two-step process. First, the Company determines whether a tax position is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Second, the Company will determine the amount of benefit to recognize and record the amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

The Company had no material unrecognized tax benefit or expense, accrued interest or penalties as of June 30, 2025 and 2024. The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to federal income tax as well as income tax of various state and local jurisdictions. The 2024, 2023, 2022 and 2021 tax years remain open to examination by tax jurisdictions to which the Company and its subsidiaries are subject. When applicable, the Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions on its Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Company has not recorded any uncertain tax positions for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

A reconciliation of the statutory income tax provisions to the effective income tax provisions for the periods indicated is as follows (in thousands):


	For the Period Ended June 30,
		2025		2024
Expected tax at statutory rate				$		(16,511)	21.0	%	$		(6,556)	21.0	%
Non-taxable REIT income			23,250	-29.6	%		7,600		-24.3	%

Change in valuation allowance			(6,167)	7.8	%		(191)		0.6	%
Total provision				$		572	-0.7	%	$		853	-2.7	%

II.Canadian mutual fund status

Through April 17, 2025, NHT was a mutual fund trust pursuant to the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the “Tax Act”). Under the-then current tax legislation, a mutual fund trust that was not a specified investment flow-through trust (“SIFT”) pursuant to the Tax Act generally was entitled to deduct distributions of taxable income such that it was not liable to pay Canadian income taxes provided that its taxable income was fully distributed to unitholders. On April 17, 2025, in connection with the merger of NHT into NXDT, NHT ceased to exist as a separate entity and no longer qualified for mutual fund trust status. Accordingly, the mutual fund trust provisions described above are no longer applicable subsequent to the merger date.

- Definition

Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.

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