Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

The components of loss from continuing operations before income taxes are presented below:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Domestic	$	(93,540)	$	(97,313)	$	(167,990)
Foreign	(3,385)		(6,542)		(3,274)
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	$	(96,925)	$	(103,855)	$	(171,264)

Components of Income Tax Benefit

The components of income tax benefit from continuing operations are presented below:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
United States federal income taxes:

Deferred	$	37	$	37	$	(561)
Foreign income taxes:
Current	7		74		34
Deferred	(215)		(204)		(230)
State income taxes:

Deferred	11		11		(173)
Income tax benefit from continuing operations	$	(160)	$	(82)	$	(930)

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

Income tax benefit from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 differed from amounts computed by applying the applicable United States federal corporate income tax rate of 21% to loss before income taxes as a result of the following:


	2021		2020		2019
Computed statutory income tax benefit from continuing operations	$	(20,354)	$	(21,810)	$	(35,965)
State and provincial income tax benefit, net of federal income taxes	(3,993)		(5,167)		(5,494)
Nondeductible stock based compensation	832		5,709		10,303
Nondeductible officer compensation	1,459		728		595
Impairment of goodwill	—		—		273
Research and development tax incentives	(958)		(524)		(1,772)
Acquisition and internal restructuring transaction costs	—		—		260



United States-foreign rate differential	(32)		(21)		(76)
Other, net	(46)		(306)		(72)
	(23,092)		(21,391)		(31,948)
Change in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	22,932		21,309		31,018
Total income tax benefit from continuing operations	$	(160)	$	(82)	$	(930)

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that comprise the deferred tax assets and liabilities included in continuing operations as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, are as follows:


	2021		2020
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	1,506	$	1,816
Inventory	370		289
Equity securities and investments in affiliates	570		570
Property, plant and equipment	—		1,882
Intangible assets	69,679		74,981
Accrued liabilities	3,090		1,834
Lease liabilities	2,839		6,140
Stock-based compensation	15,227		16,402
Deferred revenue	7,300		7,423
Research and development tax credits	11,168		10,210

Net operating, capital loss, and interest expense carryforwards	301,791		275,519
Total deferred tax assets	413,540		397,066
Less: Valuation allowance	408,396		387,348
Net deferred tax assets	5,144		9,718
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment	250		—
Right-of-use assets	2,735		5,011

Long-term debt	4,698		7,604
Total deferred tax liabilities	7,683		12,615
Net deferred tax liabilities included in continuing operations	$	(2,539)	$	(2,897)

Summary of Valuation Allowance

Activity within the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets included in continuing operations during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was as follows:


	2021		2020		2019
Valuation allowance at beginning of year	$	387,348	$	349,008	$	292,217
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance as a result of

Deconsolidation of AquaBounty	—		—		(3,504)
Establishment of deferred taxes for subsidiaries included in discontinued operations	—		—		8,592
Current year continuing operations	22,932		21,309		31,018
Discontinued operations treated as asset sales	—		7,977		10,585
Discontinued operations related to MBP Titan	(1,186)		8,019		9,663
Adoption of ASC 842	—		—		512




Foreign currency translation adjustment	(698)		1,035		(75)
Valuation allowance at end of year	$	408,396	$	387,348	$	349,008