Share-Based Payments

The Company records the fair value of stock options issued to employees and non-employees as of the grant date as stock-based compensation expense. Stock-based compensation expense for employees and non-employees is recognized over the requisite service period, which is typically the vesting period. Stock-based compensation costs included in the consolidated statements of operations are presented below:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Cost of products	$	30	$	20	$	56	$	40
Cost of services	82		70		160		138
Research and development	2,442		2,178		4,635		4,743
Selling, general and administrative	9,444		4,383		15,041		14,918
Total	$	11,998	$	6,651	$	19,892	$	19,839

Intrexon Stock Option Plans

In April 2008, Intrexon adopted the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2008 Plan") for employees and nonemployees pursuant to which Intrexon's board of directors granted share based awards, including stock options, to officers, key employees and nonemployees. Upon the effectiveness of the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2013 Plan"), no new awards may be granted under the 2008 Plan. As of June 30, 2017, there were 563,337 stock options outstanding under the 2008 Plan.

Intrexon adopted the 2013 Plan for employees and nonemployees pursuant to which Intrexon's board of directors may grant share based awards, including stock options and shares of common stock, to employees, officers, consultants, advisors, and nonemployee directors. The 2013 Plan became effective upon the closing of the Company's initial public offering in August 2013, and as of June 30, 2017, there were 18,000,000 shares authorized for issuance under the 2013 Plan, of which 12,258,214 stock options were outstanding and 3,783,076 shares were available for grant.

Stock option activity was as follows:



	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price			Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Balances at December 31, 2016	11,640,383		$	31.25		8.21
Granted	3,672,950		21.46
Adjustment due to dividend (Note 14)	46,766		31.11
Exercised	(39,048	)	(16.65		)
Forfeited	(2,375,366	)	(30.22		)
Expired	(124,134	)	(31.95		)
Balances at June 30, 2017	12,821,551		28.56			8.04
Exercisable at June 30, 2017	4,545,590		28.59			6.69

Intrexon currently uses authorized and unissued shares to satisfy share award exercises.

In October 2015, the compensation committee and the independent members of Intrexon's board of directors approved a compensation arrangement whereby the Company's Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") would receive a monthly salary. Previously, the CEO did not receive compensation for his services as an employee of the Company other than through his participation in the Company's Annual Executive Incentive Plan which became effective January 1, 2015. Pursuant to the compensation agreement, the CEO receives a base salary of $200 per month payable in fully vested shares of Intrexon common stock with such shares subject to a three-year lock-up on resale. The monthly number of shares of common stock is calculated based on the closing price on the last trading day of each month and the shares are issued pursuant to the terms of a Restricted Stock Unit Agreement ("RSU Agreement") which was executed between Intrexon and the CEO pursuant to the terms of the 2013 Plan. The RSU Agreement became effective in November 2015, and had an initial term of 12 months. In October 2016, the independent members of Intrexon's board of directors, with the recommendation of the compensation committee of the board of directors, approved an extension of the RSU Agreement through December 31, 2016, and in December 2016 further approved an extension of the RSU Agreement to expire on March 31, 2017, both of which were on the same terms as the original RSU Agreement. In March 2017, the independent members of Intrexon's board of directors, with the recommendation of the compensation committee of the board of directors, approved a renewal of the RSU Agreement through March 31, 2018 on the same terms as the original RSU Agreement. The fair value of the shares issued as compensation for services is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and totaled $477 and $463 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $948 and $934 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

AquaBounty Stock Option Plans

In March 2016, AquaBounty's board of directors adopted the AquaBounty 2016 Equity Incentive Plan ("AquaBounty 2016 Plan") to replace the AquaBounty 2006 Equity Incentive Plan ("AquaBounty 2006 Plan"). The AquaBounty 2016 Plan provides for the issuance of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options and awards of restricted and direct stock purchases to directors, officers, employees, and consultants of AquaBounty. The AquaBounty 2016 Plan was approved by AquaBounty's shareholders at its annual meeting in April 2016. Upon the effectiveness of the AquaBounty 2016 Plan, no new awards may be granted under the AquaBounty 2006 Plan.

As of June 30, 2017, there were 227,203 options outstanding under both AquaBounty plans, of which 179,500 were exercisable, at a weighted average exercise price of $9.39 per share. As of December 31, 2016, there were 185,951 options outstanding under these plans, of which 181,766 were exercisable, at a weighted average exercise price of $7.89 per share. The AquaBounty stock option data reflect a 1-for-30 reverse stock split of AquaBounty's common stock effective January 5, 2017.