Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued compensation and benefits, other accrued liabilities, and related party payables approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

The following table presents the placement in the fair value hierarchy of financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including the items for which the fair value option has been elected, as of December 31, 2016:



	Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		December 31, 2016
Assets
U.S. government debt securities	$	—	$	180,323	$	—	$	180,323
Equity securities	15,544		7,978		—		23,522
Preferred stock	—		—		129,545		129,545
Other	—		1,917		—		1,917
Total	$	15,544	$	190,218	$	129,545	$	335,307



	Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		December 31, 2015
Assets
U.S. government debt securities	$	—	$	207,704	$	—	$	207,704
Equity securities	65,850		17,803		—		83,653
Other	—		405		—		405
Total	$	65,850	$	225,912	$	—	$	291,762

The method used to estimate the fair value of the Level 1 assets in the tables above is based on observable market data as these equity securities are publicly-traded. The method used to estimate the fair value of the Level 2 short-term and long-term investments in the tables above is based on professional pricing sources for identical or comparable instruments, rather than direct observations of quoted prices in active markets. The method used to estimate the fair value of the Level 2 equity securities in the tables above is based on the quoted market price of the publicly-traded security, adjusted for a discount for lack of marketability. The method used to estimate the fair value of the Level 3 asset is discussed in Note 7.

There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2016.

The carrying values of the Company's long term debt approximates fair value due to the length of time to maturity and/or the existence of interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates. Significant financial liabilities measured on a recurring basis were $2,081 as of December 31, 2016. The Company accounted for the contingent consideration liability to the members of Old EnviroFlight by recording its fair value as a liability on the date of the asset acquisition (Note 4) whereby the regulatory and commercial milestones were valued using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model using discount rates reflecting the time value of money and additional risk inherent in meeting the milestones. These fair value measurements were based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represented a Level 3 measurement. A significant change in unobservable inputs discussed above could result in a significant impact to the fair value of the Company's contingent consideration liability. The contingent consideration liability is remeasured to fair value at each reporting date until the contingency is resolved, and those changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. The changes in the fair value of the Level 3 liability during the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows:



	2016
Beginning balance	$	—
Fair value of contingent consideration assumed in asset acquisition	3,660
Payment of contingent consideration (Note 4)	(1,583		)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses	4
Ending balance	$	2,081

Financial liabilities measured on a recurring basis were not significant as of December 31, 2015.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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