10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ________ TO __________

Commission File Number: 001-37357

INNOVATION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada	30-0565645
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Empl.Ident. No.)

301 Edgewater Place- Suite 100

Wakefield, MA 01880

(Address of principal executive offices, Zip Code)

(978) 921-4125

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: none

Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: common stock, Class A, par value $0.0001 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐     No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐     No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-accelerated Filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐     No ☒

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates on December 31, 2022 was $9,197,344 (484,070,733 shares), based on the closing price of the registrant’s common stock of $0.019.

The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity, as of September 10, 2023 is as follows:

Class of Securities	Shares Outstanding
Common Stock Class A, $0.0001 par value	514,013,755
Common Stock Class B, $0.0001 par value	4,333,936

INNOVATION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

FORM 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		PAGE NO
PART I
ITEM 1	BUSINESS	6
ITEM 1A	RISK FACTORS	14
ITEM 1B	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	30
ITEM 2	PROPERTIES	30
ITEM 3	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	30
ITEM 4	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	30
PART II
ITEM 5	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	31
ITEM 6	[RESERVED]	31
ITEM 7	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	31
ITEM 7A	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	36
ITEM 8	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA	37
ITEM 9	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	38
ITEM 9A	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	38
ITEM 9B	OTHER INFORMATION	39
ITEM 9C	DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS	39
PART III
ITEM 10	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	40
ITEM 11	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	43
ITEM 12	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	45
ITEM 13	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	48
ITEM 14	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	49
PART IV
ITEM 15	EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	50
ITEM 16	FORM 10-K SUMMARY	51
SIGNATURES		52

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PART I

PRELIMINARY NOTES

References in this report to “Innovation Pharmaceuticals,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc., unless the context requires otherwise. References herein to our common stock refer to our Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, unless the context requires otherwise. The Company’s common stock is traded under the stock symbol “IPIX” on the OTC Pink.

Our fiscal year ends on June 30. When we refer to a fiscal year or quarter, we are referring to the year in which the fiscal year ends and the quarters during that fiscal year. Therefore, fiscal 2023 refers to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Set forth below are definitions of certain technical terms used in this report that are commonly used in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.

ABSSSI: Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection.

Coronavirus, SARS, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is a new strain of coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive sense, single-strand enveloped RNA virus. The Coronavirus name is derived from the Latin corona, meaning crown. The viral envelope under electron microscopy appears crown-like due to small bulbar projections formed by the viral spike (S) peplomers. SARS is the acronym for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.

EMA: The European Medicines Agency.

Emergency Use Authorization: An Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) is a mechanism to facilitate the availability and use of medical countermeasures during public health emergencies.

FDA: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

HNC: Head and Neck Cancer. Head and neck cancer is a term used to define cancer that develops in the mouth, throat, nose, salivary glands, oral cancers or other areas of the head and neck. Most of these cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, or cancers that begin in the lining of the mouth, nose and throat.

IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease. An umbrella term for chronic, hard-to-treat conditions of the Gastrointestinal tract, with ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease being common examples of extensive forms of the disease and ulcerative proctitis / proctosigmoiditis being more limited in distribution.

IND: Investigational New Drug. A substance that has been tested in the laboratory and has been approved by the FDA for testing in people.

In Vitro: Refers to the technique of performing a given experiment in a test tube, or, generally, in a controlled environment outside a living organism.

NDA: A New Drug Application with the FDA.

OM: Oral Mucositis. Oral mucositis is a common complication of cancer chemotherapy/ chemoradiation or radiation therapy. Oral mucositis causes the mucosal lining of the mouth to atrophy and break down, forming ulcers.

Small Molecule Drug: A medicinal drug compound having a low molecular weight.

Ulcerative Proctitis/Ulcerative Proctosigmoiditis: A mucosal inflammation involving only the rectum or rectum and sigmoid colon (lower end of the colon); a limited form of ulcerative colitis.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Any statements contained in this report that are not statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements. When we use the words “intends,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continues,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “believes,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, we are identifying forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, any statements regarding our future financial performance, results of operations or sufficiency of capital resources to fund our operating requirements; statements relating to potential licensing, partnering or similar arrangements concerning our drug compounds; statements concerning our future drug development plans and projected timelines for the initiation and completion of preclinical and clinical trials; the potential for the results of ongoing preclinical or clinical trials; other statements regarding our future product development and regulatory strategies, including with respect to specific indications; statements relating to future developments at BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd.; and any other statements which are other than statements of historical fact. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, our ability to continue as a going concern and our capital needs; our ability to fund and successfully progress internal research and development efforts; our ability to create effective, commercially-viable drugs; our ability to effectively and timely conduct clinical trials; our ability to ultimately distribute our drug candidates; our ability to achieve certain future regulatory, development and commercialization milestones under our license agreement with Alfasigma S.p.A.; BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd.’s ability to develop and commercialize its technology; and compliance with regulatory requirements, as well as other factors described elsewhere in this report and our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. Except as may be required by applicable law, we do not undertake or intend to update or revise our forward-looking statements, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this report as a result of new information or future events or developments. Thus, you should not assume that our silence over time means that actual events are bearing out as expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. You should carefully review and consider the various disclosures we make in this report and our other reports filed with the SEC that attempt to advise interested parties of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that may affect our business. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

For further information about these and other risks, uncertainties and factors, please review the disclosure included in this report under “Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors.”

SUMMARY RISK FACTORS

The following is a summary of the risks and uncertainties that could cause the Company’s business, financial condition or operating results to be harmed. Prospective investors should carefully consider all of the information in this report and, in particular, the disclosure included in this report under “Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors,” before deciding whether to invest in the Company’s common stock.

Risks Related to Our Business

· There are doubts about our ability to continue as a going concern.

· We need to raise substantial additional capital in the future to fund our operations and we may be unable to raise such funds.

· Our business could be adversely affected by the effects of health epidemics, including the global COVID-19 pandemic.

· We have no products approved for commercial sale to generate revenue.

· In our existing or any future potential collaborations or partnerships, we will likely not be able to control all aspects of the development and commercialization of our compounds.

· We depend on license agreements for the development and commercialization of certain compounds.

· We have limited experience in drug and formulation development and may not be able to successfully develop any drugs.

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· Development of pharmaceutical products is a risky and time-consuming process subject to a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control and we are subject to regulatory authority permissions and approvals, most importantly the FDA.

· We have limited experience in conducting or supervising clinical trials and must outsource all clinical trials.

· Success in early clinical trials may not be predictive or indicative of results in current ongoing clinical trials or potential future clinical trials.

· We are subject to risks inherent in conducting clinical trials.

· Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing could result in increased costs to us and delay or limit our ability to generate revenues.

· We must comply with significant and complex government regulations.

· We or third-party manufacturers we rely on may encounter failures or difficulties in manufacturing or formulating clinical development and commercial supplies of drugs.

· We can provide no assurance that our drug candidates will obtain regulatory approval or that the results of clinical studies will be favorable.

· Even if we obtain regulatory approvals, our marketed drug candidates will be subject to ongoing regulation.

· All of our Polymedix drug product candidates are licensed from or based upon licenses from the University of Pennsylvania.

· We or our third-party manufacturers may fail to comply with manufacturing regulations.

· Controls we or our third-party service providers have in place to ensure compliance with laws may not be effective to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

· The Company is exposed to product liability, clinical and preclinical liability risks which could place a substantial financial burden upon the Company should it be sued.

· Confidentiality agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.

· We may be unable to obtain or protect intellectual property rights relating to our products, and we may be liable for infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others.

· Our potential collaborative relationships with third parties could cause us to expend significant resources and incur substantial business risk.

· We determined that a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting existed as of June 30, 2023. If we fail to properly remediate this or any future material weakness or deficiencies, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements may be impaired.

· We may not be able to attract and retain highly skilled personnel or consultants.

· We depend upon our senior management and their loss or unavailability could put us at a competitive disadvantage.

· The biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries are characterized by rapid technological developments and a high degree of competition.

Risks Related to the Securities Markets and Investments in Our Class A Common Stock

· In addition to potential dilution associated with future fundraising transactions, we currently have significant numbers of securities outstanding that are exercisable for our common stock.

· We may elect to deregister our common stock under the Exchange Act and suspend our reporting obligations. Such deregistration and suspension would result in less disclosure about us and may negatively affect the liquidity and trading prices of our common stock.

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· Because our common stock is quoted on the OTC, your ability to sell your shares in the secondary trading market may be limited.

· Because our Class A Common Stock is considered “penny stock” you may have difficulty selling them in the secondary trading market.

· Our stock price may be volatile and your investment in our Class A Common Stock could suffer a decline in value.

· We do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

· We may issue additional equity shares to fund the Company’s operational requirements which would dilute your share ownership.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

OVERVIEW OF OUR BUSINESS

Overview

Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a clinical stage pharmaceutical company developing innovative therapies with anti-infective, oncology, anti-inflammatory and dermatology applications. The Company’s lead drug candidate Brilacidin is in a class of compounds called defensin-mimetics, small compounds that mimic the structure and function of defensins, also known as host defense peptides. The Company’s efforts are primarily focused on business development for the advancement of Brilacidin in the treatment of infectious diseases and Oral Mucositis. Ongoing activities include Brilacidin drug manufacturing, scientific report writing, and supportive research activities. The Company also owns an interest in BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd. (“BTL”), formerly known as Squalus Medical Ltd., a private company developing a novel image guided surgical laser platform. Management is focused on other avenues of business development, including, but not limited to, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, strategic investments, and licensing agreements, for the purpose of diversifying corporate assets, although there can be no assurances that any agreement will be consummated in the future.

Recent Developments

As of the date of this filing, Brilacidin is being studied by NIH/NIAID-affiliated and other independent researchers funded by US Government grants, as a potential broad-spectrum antifungal. We anticipate these studies to continue as long as researchers remain positive about the antifungal properties and therapeutic potential of Brilacidin and government funding is available.

On April 17, 2023, the Company reported the publication of Brilacidin antifungal research in Nature Communications, discussing combinations of Brilacidin and other antifungal drugs toward improving treatment outcomes in fungal diseases. To date, Brilacidin has exhibited varying degrees of antifungal activity in multiple hard-to-treat fungal pathogens.

On June 5, 2023, the Company announced a milestone in the development of BTL’s StingRay Laser System. BTL has completed the manufacture of MRI compatible fiber optic probes, allowing for additional comprehensive integration tests to be performed.

On June 21, 2023, the Company provided an update on U.S. patent applications for Brilacidin. Patents covering Brilacidin use in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Coronaviruses have been allowed, with a separate Brilacidin patent application in fungal diseases undergoing review.

Business Development and Licensing

The Company is actively engaged in business development and licensing initiatives with specialty and global pharmaceutical companies. The Company may also seek to enter into agreements with other third-party entities for research, development, and commercialization of other types of technologies or products. The goal of these efforts is to diversify and add value to the Company’s assets. From time to time, the Company may be party to various indications of interest and term sheets and participate in preliminary discussions and negotiations regarding potential licensing or partnership arrangements. It remains the Company’s primary objective to complete licensing deals, territorial and/or global, to provide access to non-dilutive capital to advance clinical assets forward in the most expeditious and cost-effective manner. The Company can make no assurance that partnerships will occur, but is committed toward executing on these potential alliance and partnership opportunities.

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In July 2019, the Company entered into a license agreement with Alfasigma S.p.A. (“Alfasigma”), granting Alfasigma the worldwide right to develop, manufacture and commercialize rectally administered Brilacidin for ulcerative proctitis/ulcerative proctosigmoiditis (“UP/UPS”). The license agreement provides Alfasigma with a right of first refusal for Brilacidin for the treatment of more extensive forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, as well as a right of first negotiation for Brilacidin in other gastrointestinal indications. Phase 1 studies in healthy volunteers using Brilacidin in a proprietary Alfasigma formulation have successfully completed. In late September 2022, Alfasigma notified the Company that a revised clinical development plan for UP/UPS, incorporating regulatory authority feedback, is being enacted. In July 2023, Alfasigma confirmed further delay in the progress of the UP/UPS clinical program, without providing an updated timeline. Brilacidin drug substance is manufactured under direction of the Company as part of the licensing agreement with Alfasigma. The Company is eligible to receive $24 million in upfront and milestone payments, and a 6 percent royalty (net sales) upon the successful marketing of Brilacidin for UP/UPS. There can be no assurance that Alfasigma will meet their estimated timeline.

The Company and Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc. (“FCCDC”) have a collaborative research agreement related to an antifungal drug discovery program.  In exchange for a six percent fee tied to all potential future proceeds, the Company granted FCCDC all discovery, intellectual property and commercialization rights related to its share of this joint antifungal drug program which is for a compound other than Brilacidin. On May 3, 2022, the Company received payment of $18,000 from FCCDC based on FCCDC’s third-party license of this compound. Subsequently in January 2023, this third party license was terminated.

Development Programs

Compound	Target/Indication	Clinical Status
Brilacidin	Oral Mucositis (OM)	Phase 2 Study (completed) Phase 3 planned, contingent upon sufficient funding
	Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)	Phase 2 UP/UPS Proof of Concept Study (completed) Phase 1 Safety/toleration/PK of oral dosage form (completed)
	COVID-19	Phase 2 Study (completed)
	ABSSSI (Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection)	Phase 2 (completed)

We have no product sales to date and we will not receive any product revenue until we receive approval from the FDA or equivalent foreign regulatory agencies to begin marketing a pharmaceutical product. Milestone payments from our licensee are also dependent on clinical/regulatory milestones. We are actively engaged in business development for partnering Brilacidin. Developing pharmaceutical products, however, is a lengthy and very expensive process and there can be no assurance that we will complete such development or commercialize such pharmaceutical products for several years, if ever. Advancement of our Brilacidin clinical programs is dependent on securing sufficient working capital.

The Company devotes most of its efforts and resources on Brilacidin. We expect to concentrate on product development and engage in a limited way in product discovery, avoiding the significant investment of time and financial resources that is generally required for a promising compound to be identified and brought into clinical trials.

Set forth below is an overview of our most recent research and development efforts on Brilacidin through the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

Brilacidin

Oral Mucositis (OM) study - In a randomized, double-blind Phase 2 study of Brilacidin for the prevention and control of OM in patients receiving chemoradiation for treatment of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC), Brilacidin (administered three times daily as an oral rinse) markedly reduced the rate of severe OM (WHO Grade ≥ 3), delayed onset of severe OM and decreased duration of severe OM. The Company and the FDA have completed an End-of-Phase 2 meeting concerning the continuing development of Brilacidin oral rinse to decrease the incidence of severe OM in HNC patients receiving chemoradiation. Both parties agreed to an acceptable Brilacidin Phase 3 development pathway, including studying Brilacidin oral rinse effects on severe OM when cisplatin, the preferred chemotherapy regimen in HNC care, is administered in higher concentrations (80-100 mg/m2) every 21 days, and at lower concentrations (30-40 mg/m2) administered weekly as part of the chemoradiation regimen.

An optimized oral rinse formulation has been developed, and 12-month stability testing shows it to be stable. Further advancement in the indication of oral mucositis requires additional drug formulation/analytical work, followed by clinical trial supply manufacturing prior to progressing to Phase 3 clinical trials. Given the low price per share of our common stock and the many multiple million dollar costs associated with a Phase 3 program, at this time clinical trial supply manufacturing and Phase 3 clinical trial conduct are delayed, with such activities pending securing sufficient working capital and/or partnership.

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IBD, Ulcerative Proctitis/Proctosigmoiditis (UP/UPS) study - A Phase 2a trial has previously been completed by the Company, comprised of three sequential cohorts, with progressive dose escalation by cohort: cohort A (6 patients) - 50 mg, cohort B (6 patients) - 100 mg, and cohort C (5 patients) - 200 mg, respectively. Treatment with Brilacidin by daily enema administration was performed for 42 days. The primary efficacy endpoint of clinical remission (accounting for stool frequency, rectal bleeding and endoscopy findings subscores) was met by the majority of patients across the cohorts. Brilacidin was generally well-tolerated. Patient quality of life (as assessed by the short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire, or SIBDQ) showed notable improvements. Limited systemic exposure to Brilacidin was demonstrated as measured by plasma Brilacidin concentrations. In July 2019, the Company entered into a license agreement with Alfasigma, granting Alfasigma the worldwide right to develop, manufacture and commercialize rectally administered Brilacidin for UP/UPS. Phase 1 studies in healthy volunteers using Brilacidin in a proprietary Alfasigma formulation have successfully completed, and Alfasigma has advised the Company that the Phase 2 study has been further delayed without providing an updated timeline.  

IBD, Ulcerative Colitis (UC) - Brilacidin has also been developed as a treatment in more extensive forms of IBD. Development of a delayed release oral formulation has been in progress, with development work expanding into immediate release formulations due to unexpected findings encountered. Such findings appear due to the inherent physiochemical properties of the compound, and those of polymers used to achieve delayed release. An immediate release, multi-particulate, capsule formulation has been developed, although further work has since been halted due to instability of that formulation being identified. Hence, further advancement in the indication of ulcerative colitis requires conduct of additional formulation development work prior to Phase 1 testing of that oral formulation. Completion of formulation/analytical development work, clinical trial supply manufacturing, and subsequent progression into clinical trials, are pending securing sufficient drug supply and working capital.

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), Additional Viruses - In December 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations (FDA) approved the Company’s Investigational New Drug (IND) application to proceed with initiation of a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2 clinical trial (NCT04784897) of Brilacidin in moderate-to-severe hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Similar regulatory approval was obtained from the Russian Ministry of Health. This Phase 2 clinical trial of intravenously-administered Brilacidin (3- and 5-day dosing) for COVID-19 conducted at sites in the United States and Russia has since completed (n=120). While the trial’s primary endpoint of time to sustained recovery through Day 29 was not met, patients who started study treatment within fewer than 7 days of onset of COVID-19 symptoms achieved sustained recovery more quickly (Brilacidin 5-dose group versus pooled placebo, p=0.03). Other beneficial treatment effects based on the trial’s primary endpoint of sustained recovery were also observed in subgroups of patients with the highest (upper quartile) baseline values for key COVID-19 biomarkers. On two secondary endpoints, more patients treated with Brilacidin (5-dose group) achieved clinical improvement by 10 days as measured by National Emergency Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) criteria, and the mean change from baseline in NEWS2 was greater for Brilacidin treatment groups at all assessment timepoints. Additionally, under compassionate use of Brilacidin in critical cases of COVID-19, where Brilacidin was administered more frequently and over a longer duration than in the Phase 2 trial, investigators reported positive changes to subject status. Pursing a biomarker-driven approach, increasing Brilacidin dosing, targeting different patient populations, testing Brilacidin in combination with other drugs (e.g., remdesivir, given synergistic in vitro data) -- all are areas under consideration for potential future Brilacidin COVID-19 clinical trials pending obtaining government, partnership-based or other financial support. Antiviral data on Brilacidin in non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses has been generated and presented at scientific conferences.

ABSSSI - In February 2016, the Company submitted a Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) request, along with a final protocol, to the FDA, for a Phase 3 clinical trial of Brilacidin for the treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection (ABSSSI) caused by gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We received from the FDA comments and considerations for incorporation into our study design. Management decided to delay its response to the FDA due to the low price per share of our common stock and the many multiple million dollar costs associated with a Phase 3 program. Our strategy, for now, is to achieve success with other trials and attract partnering opportunities that may provide significant upfront payments and milestone payments, which can then be used to fund the ABSSSI program. We see ABSSSI as the appropriate gateway indication in infectious diseases, enabling potential further studies of Brilacidin’s use for implant coating and biofilm infections.

Antifungal - Recent data generated from independent researchers suggest Brilacidin has potential to be developed as a novel antifungal agent. Brilacidin converted caspofungin from a fungistatic into a fungicidal drug, enabling it to overcome both drug resistance and biofilm formation. Brilacidin exerted, to a lesser degree, synergistic effects with voriconazole in A. fumigatus. Further in vitro testing showed Brilacidin synergized with caspofungin in C. albicans, C. auris and C. neoformans. In an A. fumigatus immunosuppressed mouse model in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, Brilacidin plus caspofungin cleared infection in the lungs by almost 95 percent, compared to ~50 percent when each compound was administered individually. In an A. fumigatus mouse model in ocular keratitis, compared to control, Brilacidin reduced fungal burden and disease severity, while also improving corneal thickness. Brilacidin also showed in vitro an additive inhibitory effect when combined with posaconazole in several species of Mucorales, the main etiological agents of mucormycosis, commonly referred to as black fungus. Brilacidin further showed potent in vitro stand-alone efficacy in C. neoformans, a major driver of illness in people living with HIV/AIDS. Brilacidin antifungal data has been presented at scientific conferences. Additional Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in vitro testing, via NIH-NIAID-affiliated researchers and a third-party vendor, has shown promising Brilacidin activity in numerous fungal pathogens. Further preclinical testing of Brilacidin is planned in C. albicans and C. neoformans., including additional in vivo testing in efficacy models.

Expenditures on Brilacidin were approximately $0.3 million and $3.3 million during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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We have no product sales to date and we will not receive any product revenue until we receive approval from the FDA or equivalent foreign regulatory agencies to begin marketing a pharmaceutical product. Developing pharmaceutical products, however, is a lengthy and very expensive process and there can be no assurance that we will complete such development or commercialize such for several years, if ever.

BT BEAMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES LTD.

On June 9, 2022, the Company entered into a Series A Preferred Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd. (formerly known as Squalus Medical Ltd.) (“BTL”), the inventing company and developer of a novel laser-based thermal ablation technology designed for treatment of previously inoperable cases of epilepsy and for improvement of outcomes and enablement of new treatment options for oncology procedures, including those treating brain, prostate, liver, breast and lung cancers.

The new fiber optic technology with an advanced laser console and computerized intelligent control is being designed to allow a match between the structure of tumors and epileptic focal points and the energy delivery, while protecting vital functional areas against thermal damage. The console integrates advanced imaging modalities, and guides the physician, making sure the treatment is adjusted to the specific patient needs with real time energy control.

BTL is pursuing the FDA 510(k) pathway for marketing clearance in the U.S. and the corresponding process for a CE Mark in Europe.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company purchased 55,556 shares of BTL’s Series A Redeemable Preferred Shares (the “Series A Shares”) and a warrant to purchase 27,778 Series A Shares for aggregate consideration of $4,000,000, or approximately $72.00 per Series A Share. Following the closing under the Purchase Agreement, the Company owns approximately 35.7% of BTL’s issued and outstanding equity securities and approximately 41.6% of BTL’s equity securities on a fully diluted basis. The Company also entered into customary investor rights and indemnification agreements with BTL.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

As of June 30, 2023, we had 8 issued patents, and 1 pending patent application relating to Brilacidin, in the United States and other countries. Our issued patents expire between 2024 and 2036. We rely on a combination of patents and trade secrets, as well as confidentiality and non-use agreements to protect our intellectual property. Our patent strategy is designed to facilitate commercialization of our current and future product candidates, and create barriers to entry.

Patent Write Off

During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company has written off the patent costs relating to Kevetrin of approximately $0 and $141,000, respectively and included these in general and administrative expenses.

Payments Related to Assignment of Compounds

In September 2013, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Polymedix Inc, and Polymedix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (together, “Polymedix”), including Polymedix’s rights to Brilacidin under a patent license agreement with the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania (“Penn”). Under the terms of the patent license agreement, the Company will pay to Penn a royalty on gross sales of the compounds licensed thereunder ranging from 0.5% to 3.0%, plus certain other payments as provided therein. In addition, the Company will pay Penn 10% of all consideration received from sublicensees.

MANUFACTURING

The Company does not intend to establish manufacturing capabilities or facilities. The Company believes it can contract or partner with third parties for manufacturing at sites registered with the FDA and contract with third-party scientists for pharmaco-kinetic, pharmaco-dynamic and toxicology studies. Such studies generally must be completed prior to filing an investigational new drug (IND) application with the FDA, and an IND is necessary to begin human safety and efficacy trials (Phase 1, 2 and 3).

GOVERNMENT REGULATION

Our operations and activities are subject to extensive regulation by numerous government authorities in the United States and other countries. In the United States, drugs are subject to rigorous regulation by the FDA. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) and other federal and state statutes and regulations govern the testing, development, manufacture, quality control, distribution, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, reporting, approval, advertising and promotion, and import and export of our investigational products. Failure to comply with FDA requirements may result in enforcement action, including warning letters, fines, civil or criminal penalties, suspension or delays in clinical development, recall or seizure of products, partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market. Although the discussion below focuses on regulation in the United States, which is our primary initial focus, we anticipate seeking approval to market our products in other countries. Generally, our activities in other countries will be subject to regulation that is similar in nature and scope as that imposed in the U.S., although there can be important differences.

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Development and Approval

Product development and the product approval process are very expensive and time consuming, and we cannot be certain that the FDA will grant approval for any of our drug product candidates on a timely basis, if at all. Under the FDCA, the FDA must approve any new drug before it can be sold in the United States. The general process for obtaining FDA approval of a drug is as follows:

Preclinical Testing

Before we can test a drug candidate in humans, we must develop extensive preclinical data, generally derived from laboratory evaluations of product chemistry and formulation, as well as toxicological and pharmacological studies in animals, to generate data to support the drug’s quality and potential safety and benefits. Certain animal studies must be performed in compliance with the FDA’s Good Laboratory Practice, or GLP, regulations and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal Welfare Act.

We submit this preclinical data and other information to the FDA in an IND. Human clinical trials cannot commence until an IND application is submitted and becomes effective. Based on the data and information contained in the IND, the FDA must determine whether there is an adequate basis for testing the drug candidate in initial clinical studies in human volunteers. Unless the FDA raises concerns, the IND becomes effective 30 days following its receipt by the FDA.

Clinical Trials

Once the IND goes into effect, we study an investigational drug in human clinical trials to determine if the drug is safe and effective for a particular use. Clinical trials involve the administration of the drug to healthy human volunteers or to patients under the supervision of a qualified investigator. The conduct of clinical trials is subject to extensive regulation, including compliance with the FDA’s bioresearch monitoring regulations and Good Clinical Practice, or GCP, requirements, which establish standards for conducting, recording data from, and reporting the results of clinical trials, and are intended to assure that the data and reported results are credible and accurate, and that the rights, safety, and well-being of study participants are protected. Clinical trials must be conducted under protocols that detail the study objectives, parameters for monitoring safety, and the efficacy criteria, if any, to be evaluated. FDA reviews each protocol that is submitted to the IND. In addition, each clinical trial must be reviewed and approved by, and conducted under the auspices of, an Institutional Review Board, or IRB, for each institution conducting the clinical trial. Companies sponsoring the clinical trials, investigators, and IRBs also must comply with regulations and guidelines for obtaining informed consent from the study subjects, complying with the protocol and investigational plan, adequately monitoring the clinical trial, and timely reporting adverse events. Foreign studies conducted under an IND must meet the same requirements that apply to studies being conducted in the U.S. Data from a foreign study not conducted under an IND may be submitted in support of an NDA if the study was conducted in accordance with GCP and, if necessary, the FDA is able to validate the data through an on-site inspection, if the agency deems such inspection necessary.

In general, clinical trials involve three separate phases that often overlap, can take many years to complete, and are very expensive. These three phases are as follows:

Phase 1. The investigational drug is given to a small number of human subjects to test for safety, dose tolerance, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, distribution and excretion. In most disease states Phase 1 studies are performed in healthy volunteers. In cancer, Phase 1 studies generally are performed in cancer patients.

Phase 2. The investigational drug is given to a limited patient population to determine the initial effect of the drug in treating the disease, the best dose of the drug, and the possible side effects and safety risks of the drug. Phase 2 trials typically are controlled studies.

Phase 3. If Phase 2 clinical trials of a compound yield promising data regarding safety and effectiveness, the compound may be advanced to Phase 3 clinical trials to confirm those results. Phase 3 clinical trials typically are long-term, involve a significantly larger population of patients, are conducted at numerous sites in different geographic regions, and are carefully designed to provide reliable and conclusive data regarding the safety and benefits of a drug and to form the basis for labeling. It is not uncommon for a drug that appears promising in Phase 2 clinical trials to fail in the more rigorous and reliable Phase 3 clinical trials.

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At any point in this process, the development of a drug could be stopped for a number of reasons, including safety concerns and lack of treatment benefit. We cannot be certain that any clinical trials that we are currently conducting, or any that we conduct in the future, will be completed successfully or within any specified time period. We may choose, or the FDA or an IRB may require us, to delay or suspend our clinical trials at any time if, for example, it appears that the patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk or if the drug candidate does not appear to have sufficient treatment benefit. Success in early-stage clinical trials does not assure success in later-stage clinical trials, and data obtained from clinical activities are not always conclusive and may be subject to alternative interpretations that could delay, limit or prevent further development and regulatory approval.

FDA Approval Process

If we believe that the data from the Phase 3 clinical trials show an adequate level of safety and effectiveness, we will file a new drug application (NDA) with the FDA seeking approval to sell the drug for a particular use. When an NDA is submitted, the FDA conducts a preliminary review to determine whether the application is sufficiently complete to be accepted for filing. If it is not, the FDA may refuse to file the application and request additional information, in which case the application must be resubmitted with the supplemental information, and review of the application is delayed.

Upon accepting the NDA for filing, the FDA will review the NDA and may hold a public hearing where an independent advisory committee of expert advisors considers key questions regarding the drug. This advisory committee makes a recommendation to the FDA, which is not binding on the FDA, but is generally followed.

Under the Pediatric Research Equity Act, certain applications for approval must include an assessment, generally based on clinical study data, of the safety and effectiveness of the subject drug in relevant pediatric populations. The FDA may waive or defer the requirement for a pediatric assessment, either at the company’s request or by the agency’s initiative. The FDA may determine that a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS, is necessary to ensure that the benefits of a new product outweigh its risks. A REMS may include various elements, ranging from a medication guide or patient package insert to limitations on who may prescribe or dispense the drug, depending on what the FDA considers necessary for the safe use of the drug.

Before approving an NDA, the FDA will inspect the facilities at which the product will be manufactured. The FDA will not approve the product unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities for the drug, including those of companies who manufacture our drugs for us and including foreign establishments that may manufacture the product for sale in the U.S., comply with cGMP requirements (described below) and are adequate to assure consistent production of the product within required specifications.

If the FDA concludes that an NDA does not meet the regulatory standards for approval, the FDA typically issues a Complete Response letter communicating the agency’s decision not to approve the application and outlining the deficiencies in the submission. The Complete Response letter also may request further information, including additional preclinical or clinical data or improvements to manufacturing processes, procedures, or facilities. Even if such additional information and data are submitted, the FDA may decide that the NDA still does not meet the standards for approval.

The FDA may reject an application because, among other reasons, it believes that the drug is not safe enough, or effective enough, or because it does not believe that the data submitted are reliable or conclusive. FDA may interpret data differently than the sponsor. Obtaining regulatory approval often takes a number of years, involves the expenditure of substantial resources, and depends on a number of factors, including the nature of the disease or condition the drug is intended to address, the availability of alternative treatments, and the risks and benefits demonstrated in clinical trials.

If the FDA agrees that the drug candidate has met the required level of safety and effectiveness for a particular use, it will approve the NDA, allowing the Company to sell the drug in the United States for that use. As a condition of approval, the FDA may impose restrictions that could affect the commercial success of a drug. For example, the FDA could require post-approval commitments, including completion within a specified time period of additional clinical studies, which often are referred to as “Phase 4” or “post-marketing” studies. The FDA also may limit the scope of the approved uses of the drug. Certain post-approval modifications to the drug product, such as changes in indications, labeling, or manufacturing processes or facilities, may require a sponsor to develop additional data or conduct additional preclinical or clinical trials, to be submitted in a new or supplemental NDA, which would require FDA approval.

Should our products be approved for marketing, we would also be subject to various other state and federal laws concerning the marketing and cost reimbursement of our products.

Major jurisdictions outside the United States, such as the European Union, Japan and Canada, have similarly rigorous regulatory processes. They may also require studies not required by the FDA, which can add to the cost and risk of development. Products approved by the FDA might not be approved in these other countries. After review by the health authorities, pricing and cost reimbursement are also subject to separate approvals in many of these countries.

Post-Approval Regulation

Even if regulatory approval is granted, a marketed drug product is subject to continuing comprehensive requirements under federal, state and foreign laws and regulations, including requirements and restrictions regarding adverse event reporting, recordkeeping, marketing, and compliance with current good manufacturing practices (cGMP). Adverse events reported after approval of a drug can result in additional restrictions on the use of a drug or requirements for additional post-marketing studies or clinical trials. The FDA or similar agencies in other countries may also require labeling changes to products at any time based on new safety information. If ongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety problems occur after the product reaches the market, the FDA or similar agencies in other countries may at any time withdraw product approval or take actions that would suspend marketing or approval.

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Good Manufacturing Practices. Companies engaged in manufacturing drug products or their components must comply with applicable cGMP requirements and product-specific regulations enforced by the FDA and other regulatory agencies. If, after approval, a company makes a material change in manufacturing equipment, location, or process (all of which are, to some degree, incorporated in the NDA), additional regulatory review and approval may be required. The FDA also conducts regular, periodic visits to re-inspect equipment, facilities, and processes following the initial approval of a product. Failure to comply with applicable cGMP requirements and conditions of product approval may lead the FDA to seek sanctions, including fines, civil penalties, injunctions, suspension of manufacturing operations, operating restrictions, withdrawal of FDA approval, seizure or recall of products, and criminal prosecution.

Advertising and Promotion. The FDA and other federal regulatory agencies closely regulate the marketing and promotion of drugs through, among other things, standards and regulations for advertising, promotion to physicians and patients, communications regarding unapproved uses, and industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities. Failure to comply with applicable FDA requirements and other restrictions in this area may subject a company to adverse publicity and enforcement action by the FDA, the Department of Justice, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, and state authorities, as well as civil and criminal fines and agreements that may materially restrict the manner in which a company promotes or distributes drug products.

Other Requirements. In addition, companies that manufacture or distribute drug products or that hold approved NDAs must comply with other regulatory requirements, including submitting annual reports, reporting information about adverse drug experiences, submitting establishment registrations and drug listings, and maintaining certain records.

Orphan Drug Exclusivity

The Orphan Drug Act established incentives for the development of drugs intended to treat rare diseases or conditions, which generally are diseases or conditions affecting less than 200,000 individuals in the U.S. at the time of the request for orphan designation. If a sponsor demonstrates that a drug is intended to treat a rare disease or condition and meets other applicable requirements, the FDA grants orphan drug designation to the product for that use. The benefits of orphan drug designation include tax credits for clinical testing expenses and exemption from user fees. A drug candidate that is approved for the orphan drug designated use typically is granted seven years of orphan drug exclusivity. During that period, the FDA generally may not approve any other application for the same product for the same indication, although there are exceptions, most notably when the later product is shown to be clinically superior to the product with exclusivity. There may be opportunities for the Company to pursue Orphan Drug designation for Brilacidin.

Pediatric Exclusivity

Section 505A of the FDCA provides for six months of additional exclusivity if an NDA sponsor submits pediatric data that fairly respond to a written request from the FDA for such data. The data do not need to show the product to be safe and effective in the pediatric population studied; rather, if the clinical trial is deemed to fairly respond to the FDA’s request, the additional protection is granted. If reports of requested pediatric studies are submitted to and accepted by the FDA within the statutory time limits, whatever statutory or regulatory periods of exclusivity or Orange Book listed patent protection that cover the drug are extended by six months.

Qualified Infectious Disease Product Exclusivity

The Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now (GAIN) Act amended the FDCA to encourage pharmaceutical companies to develop new antimicrobial drugs to treat serious and life-threatening infections. Among other measures, GAIN grants an additional five years of marketing exclusivity for new antibacterial or antifungal human drugs designated under the law as a “qualified infectious disease product” (QIDP). This five-year period of exclusivity is in addition to any existing regulatory exclusivity, including Hatch-Waxman, orphan drug, or pediatric exclusivity. In addition, QIDPs are eligible for fast-track designation and priority review to facilitate expedited development and review processes with the FDA. Our investigational drug Brilacidin has been granted QIDP designation as a potential new treatment for ABSSSI. There may be additional opportunities for the Company to pursue QIDP designation for Brilacidin.

Fast Track Designation and Priority Review

Brilacidin, for the indications of SARS-CoV-2 and Oral Mucositis, has been awarded Fast Track designation. The Fast Track program is intended to expedite or facilitate the process for reviewing new drugs that demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical needs involving serious or life-threatening diseases or conditions. If a drug receives Fast Track designation, the FDA may consider reviewing sections of the NDA on a rolling basis, rather than requiring the entire application to be submitted to begin the review. Products with Fast Track designation also may be eligible for more frequent meetings and correspondence with the FDA about the product’s development.

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Brilacidin also may qualify for priority review. Priority review is available to a drug that treats a serious condition and that, if approved, would provide a significant improvement in safety or effectiveness. Priority review designation provides for a six-month review goal for an NDA, rather than the standard 10-month review timeframe.

Other FDA programs intended to expedite development and review include accelerated approval, which allows the FDA to approve a drug on the basis of a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit, and Breakthrough Therapy designation, which is intended to expedite the development and review of drugs for serious or life-threatening conditions and where preliminary clinical evidence shows that the drug may have substantial improvement on at least one clinically significant endpoint over available therapy.

Even if a product qualifies for Fast Track designation or Breakthrough Therapy designation, the FDA may later decide that the product no longer meets the conditions for qualification and may rescind the designation. Moreover, none of these programs assures ultimate approval of an investigational product. FDA may determine that the product does not meet the standards for approval.

Expanded Access

Sometimes called “compassionate use”, expanded access is a potential pathway for a patient with an immediately life-threatening condition or serious disease or condition to gain access to an investigational medical product (drug, biologic, or medical device) for treatment outside of clinical trials when no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy options are available.

Expanded access may be appropriate when all the following apply:

· Patient has a serious disease or condition, or whose life is immediately threatened by their disease or condition.

· There is no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy to diagnose, monitor, or treat the disease or condition.

· Patient enrollment in a clinical trial is not possible.

· Potential patient benefit justifies the potential risks of treatment.

· Providing the investigational medical product will not interfere with investigational trials that could support a medical product’s development or marketing approval for the treatment indication.

Investigational drugs, biologics or medical devices have not yet been approved or cleared by FDA and FDA has not found these products to be safe and effective for their specific use. Furthermore, the investigational medical product may, or may not, be effective in the treatment of the condition, and use of the product may cause unexpected serious side effects.

PAYCHECK PROTECTION PROGRAM

On May 10, 2020 and April 19, 2021, the Company received loan proceeds in the amount of approximately $93,000 and $79,000, respectively, under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) and it was recorded under loan payable. The PPP, established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), provides for loans to qualifying businesses for amounts up to 2.5 times of the average monthly payroll expenses of the qualifying business. The loans and accrued interest are forgivable after eight weeks as long as the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and maintains its payroll levels. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if the borrower terminates employees or reduces salaries during the eight-week period.

During the year ended June 30, 2022, the Company obtained the approval of the forgiveness of the above mentioned two loans, and the Company recorded the total loan forgiveness of $172,000 under other income. There was no other income in 2023.

COMPETITION

Competition in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries is intense and upon any successful drug approval we will have to compete with existing therapies. In addition, a large number of companies are pursuing the development of pharmaceuticals that target the same diseases and conditions that we are targeting. Many pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies have products on the market and are actively engaged in the research and development of products that are competitive with our potential products. Many of these companies and institutions, either alone or together with their collaborative partners, have substantially greater financial, manufacturing, sales, distribution and technical resources and more experience in research and development, clinical trials and regulatory matters, than we do. In addition, our competitors may succeed in developing technologies and drugs that are more effective, better tolerated or less costly than any which are being developed by us or which would render our technology or potential drugs obsolete or noncompetitive.

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With respect to Brilacidin, our drug candidate, there are many drugs approved to treat illnesses and infections in the therapeutic areas we are targeting, including inflammatory bowel disease, and ABSSSI, and many more in the publicly disclosed development pipeline. There is no drug yet approved for preventing severe oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients.

The key competitive factors affecting the success of our drug candidate, if approved, is likely to be its efficacy, safety, convenience and price, the effectiveness of alternative products, the level of competition and the availability of coverage and adequate reimbursement from government and other third-party payors.

Our commercial opportunity could be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop and commercialize products or therapies that are safer, more effective, have fewer or less severe side effects, are more convenient or are less expensive than any product that we may develop. Our competitors also may obtain FDA, European Medicines Agency (EMA), or other regulatory approval for their products more rapidly than we may obtain approval for ours, which could result in our competitors establishing a strong market position before we are able to enter the market. In addition, our ability to compete may be affected in many cases by insurers or other third-party payors seeking to encourage the use of generic products.

Our success depends on our ability to identify types of these respective diseases where our drug has an advantage over existing therapies and those in the publicly disclosed development pipeline.

EMPLOYEES

As of June 30, 2023, the Company had 4 employees. The Company also conducts its operations using contractors and consultants.

CORPORATE INFORMATION

Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. was incorporated on August 1, 2005 in the State of Nevada. The Company has as its corporate headquarters 301 Edgewater Place - Suite 100, Wakefield, MA 01880, a facility that maintains our virtual offices, and if needed, the use of physical offices, meeting rooms, and business support services on a fee for use basis. All our employees and consultants work remotely. The Company’s telephone number is (978) 921-4125. The Company maintains an internet website at www.IPharmInc.com. The Company makes available, free of charge, through the Investors section of its website, its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information on the Company’s website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part hereof or incorporated into this or any of our other filings with the SEC.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Investing in the Company’s common stock involves a high degree of risk. Prospective investors should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the other information included or referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, before purchasing shares of the Company’s common stock. There are numerous and varied risks, known and unknown, that may prevent the Company from achieving its goals. The risks described below are not the only ones the Company will face. If any of these risks actually occur, the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operation may be materially adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of the Company’s common stock could decline and investors in the Company’s common stock could lose all or part of their investment.

Risks Related to Our Business

There are doubts about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We have generated revenue of $0 and $18,000 for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and have an accumulated deficit of $125.3 million through June 30, 2023. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

There can be no assurance that sufficient funds required during the next year or thereafter will be generated from operations or that funds will be available from external sources, such as debt or equity financings or other potential sources. The lack of additional capital resulting from the inability to generate cash flow from operations, or to raise capital from external sources would force us to substantially curtail or cease operations and would, therefore, have a material adverse effect on our business. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that any such required funds, if available, will be available on attractive terms or that they will not have a significant dilutive effect on our existing stockholders.

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We seek to overcome the circumstances that impact our ability to remain a going concern through a combination of the growth of revenues, with interim cash flow deficiencies being addressed through additional equity and debt financing. We anticipate raising additional funds through public or private financing, strategic relationships or other arrangements in the near future to support our business operations; however, we may not have commitments from third parties for a sufficient amount of additional capital. We cannot be certain that any such financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could limit our ability to continue operations. Our ability to obtain additional funding will determine the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Failure to secure additional financing in a timely manner and on favorable terms would have a material adverse effect on our financial performance, results of operations and stock price and require us to curtail or cease operations, sell off our assets, seek protection from our creditors through bankruptcy proceedings, or otherwise. Furthermore, additional equity financing may be dilutive to the holders of our common stock, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants, and strategic relationships, if necessary, to raise additional funds, and may require that we relinquish valuable rights.

We need to raise substantial additional capital in the future to fund our operations and we may be unable to raise such funds when needed and on acceptable terms, which could prevent us from fully implementing our business, operating and development plans.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company has a history of losses, primarily due to being a mid-stage developmental pharmaceutical company. The Company intends on financing its future development activities largely from a variety of sources, including the sale of equity securities and seeking relationships with partners to help fund future clinical trial costs. However, there is no assurance these plans will be realized and that any additional financing will be available to us on satisfactory terms and conditions, if at all. In the event that we are unable to raise additional funds, we may be required to delay, reduce or severely curtail our operations or otherwise impede our ongoing efforts to develop our drug candidates, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and long-term prospects.

We currently have an approximate $1.0 million cash balance as of the date of this filing, but that is insufficient to complete the development and commercialization of any of our proposed products. We expect to incur costs of approximately $1.8 million in the upcoming fiscal year ending June 30, 2024 to operate our business in accordance with our business plans and budgets.

If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders will experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, would result in increased fixed payment obligations and may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. Any debt financing or additional equity that we raise may contain terms, such as liquidation and other preferences, which are not favorable to us or our stockholders. If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements with third parties, it may be necessary to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams or product candidates or to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us.

Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, it may be necessary to significantly reduce our current rate of spending through reductions in staff and delaying, scaling back or stopping certain research and development programs, including costly Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials, and our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects could be materially and adversely affected and we may be unable to continue our operations. In the event that we cannot obtain acceptable financing, we would be unable to complete preclinical development projects, and further clinical trials for Brilacidin. This will delay:

· research and development programs;

· preclinical studies and clinical trials;

· material characterization studies;

· regulatory processes;

· drug substance and drug product manufacturing; and

· establishment of our own laboratory or a search for third party marketing partners to market our products for us.

The amount of capital we may require will depend on many factors, including the:

· progress, timing and scope of our research and development programs;

· progress, timing and scope of our preclinical studies and clinical trials;

· time and cost necessary to obtain regulatory approvals;

· time and cost necessary to establish our own marketing capabilities or to seek marketing partners;

· time and cost necessary to respond to technological and market developments;

· changes made or new developments in our existing collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships; and

· new collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships that we may establish.

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Our fixed expenses, such as contractual commitments, may increase in the future, as we may:

· enter into leases for new facilities and capital equipment; and

· enter into additional licenses and collaborative agreements.

Our business could be adversely affected by the effects of health epidemics, including the global COVID-19 pandemic.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, since named SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 disease, was reported in China. Since then, COVID-19 has spread globally, including throughout the United States. The spread of COVID-19 has resulted in the World Health Organization (WHO) declaring the outbreak of COVID-19 as a “pandemic,” or a worldwide spread of a new disease, on March 11, 2020. Many countries around the world, including the United States, have imposed quarantines and restrictions on travel and mass gatherings to slow the spread of the virus, and have closed non-essential businesses.

The extent to which COVID-19 may impact our business, operations and clinical trials will depend on future developments, including the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United States and other countries, the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and other countries to contain and treat the disease and whether the United States and additional countries are required to move to complete lock-down status. The ultimate long-term impact of COVID-19 is highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence.

We have no products approved for commercial sale to generate revenue, however we signed an Exclusive License Agreement in 2019.

We currently have no products approved for commercial sale. On July 18, 2019, the Company entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with Alfasigma S.p.A., a global pharmaceutical company (“Alfasigma”), granting Alfasigma the worldwide right to develop, manufacture and commercialize locally-administered Brilacidin for the treatment of ulcerative proctitis/ulcerative proctosigmoiditis (UP/UPS).

Our ability to generate revenue depends heavily on:

· successful demonstration in clinical trials that our drug candidate, Brilacidin, is safe and effective;

· our ability to seek and obtain regulatory approvals, including with respect to the indications we are seeking;

· the successful commercialization of our product candidates; and

· market acceptance of our products.

If we and/or our licensee do not successfully develop and commercialize Brilacidin, we will not achieve revenues or profitability in the foreseeable future, if at all. If we are unable to generate revenues or achieve profitability, we may be unable to continue our operations.

In our existing or any future potential collaborations or partnerships, we will likely not be able to control all aspects of the development and commercialization of our drug candidate (compound). This lack of control could subject us to additional risks that could harm our business.

Collaborations or license agreements involving our compound, including our current license agreement with Alfasigma S.p.A. and any future collaboration or partnering arrangement with other pharmaceutical companies, are subject to numerous risks, which may include:

· partners have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that they will apply to collaborations;

· partners may not pursue development and commercialization of our compound or may elect not to continue or renew development or commercialization programs based on clinical study results, changes in their strategic focus due to the acquisition of competitive products, availability of funding, or other external factors, such as a business combination that diverts resources or creates competing priorities;

· partners may delay clinical studies, provide insufficient funding for a clinical study program, stop a clinical study, abandon a product candidate, repeat or conduct new clinical studies, or require a new formulation of a product candidate for clinical testing;

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· partners could independently develop, or develop with third parties, products that compete directly or indirectly with our compound;

· a partner with marketing, manufacturing, and distribution rights to one or more compound may not commit sufficient resources to or otherwise not perform satisfactorily in carrying out these activities;

· we could grant exclusive rights to our partners that would prevent us from collaborating with others;

· partners may not properly maintain or defend our intellectual property rights or may use our intellectual property or proprietary information in a way that gives rise to actual or threatened litigation that could jeopardize or invalidate our intellectual property or proprietary information or expose us to potential liability;

· partners may not aggressively or adequately pursue litigation concerning our compound or may settle such litigation on unfavorable terms, as they may have different economic interests than ours, and such decisions could negatively impact any royalties we may receive under our license agreements;

· disputes may arise between us and a partner that causes the delay or termination of the research, development, or commercialization of our current or future compounds or that results in costly litigation or arbitration that diverts management attention and resources;

· agreements may be terminated, possibly at-will, without penalty, and, if terminated, may result in a need for additional capital to pursue further development or commercialization of the applicable compound;

· partners may own or co-own intellectual property covering our products that results from our collaborating with them, and in such cases, we would not have the exclusive right to commercialize such intellectual property; and

· a partner’s sales and marketing activities or other operations may not be in compliance with applicable laws resulting in civil or criminal proceedings.

We depend on license agreements for the development and commercialization of certain compounds.

On July 18, 2019, we entered into a license agreement with Alfasigma, under which we granted Alfasigma the worldwide right to develop, manufacture and commercialize locally-administered Brilacidin for the treatment of ulcerative proctitis/ulcerative proctosigmoiditis (UP/UPS). Pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, Alfasigma is obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts (as defined in the license agreement) to develop, manufacture and commercialize Brilacidin for UP/UPS, and to achieve specified developmental milestones.

Under the terms of the license agreement, Alfasigma will make payments of up to $24.0 million to the Company based upon the achievement of certain milestones. In addition, Alfasigma will pay a royalty to the Company equal to six percent of net sales of Brilacidin for UP/UPS, subject to adjustment as provided in the license agreement.

The right to potential future payments under the license agreement represents a significant portion of the value of the license agreement to us. We cannot be certain that we will receive any future payments under the license agreement, which would adversely affect the trading price of our common stock and our business prospects.

Additionally, if Alfasigma were to breach or terminate the license agreement, we may not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for Brilacidin for UP/UPS and will not be able to, or may be delayed in our efforts to, successfully commercialize Brilacidin for UP/UPS. We may not be able to seek and obtain a viable, alternative collaborator to partner for the development and commercialization of the licensed products on similar terms or at all.

In addition, on July 22, 2020, the Company granted to Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc. (“FCCDC”) all discovery, intellectual property and commercialization rights related to its share of their joint antifungal drug program in exchange for a six percent fee tied to all potential future proceeds. Acquisitions of royalties from development-stage biopharmaceutical product candidates are subject to a number of uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that the FDA, the EMA or other regulatory authorities will approve such products or that such products will be brought to market timely or at all, or that the market will be receptive to such products. On January 18, 2023, the Company was notified by FCCDC that its third-party license with Basilea Pharmaceutica for development of broad-spectrum antifungals was terminated by the licensee.

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We have limited experience in drug and formulation development, the conduct of clinical trials, and may not be able to successfully develop any drugs.

We have limited experience in drug and formulation development and may not be able to successfully develop any drugs or drug formulations necessary to achieve a drug’s potential as seen in preclinical research and early clinical studies. Our ability to achieve revenues and profitability in our business will depend, among other things, on our ability to:

· develop products internally or obtain rights to them from others on favorable terms;

· complete laboratory testing and human clinical studies;

· obtain and maintain necessary intellectual property rights to our products;

· successfully fulfill regulatory requirements to obtain requisite marketing approvals from governmental agencies;

· enter into arrangements with third parties to manufacture our products on our behalf; and

· enter into arrangements with third parties to provide sales and marketing functions.

We have limited experience conducting clinical trials and obtaining regulatory approvals, and we may not be successful in some or all of these activities. We have not previously conducted a Phase 3 or later stage clinical trial such as the Phase 3 clinical trials planned (contingent upon sufficient funding) for our drug candidate Brilacidin.

We have no experience as a company in the sales, marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical products and do not currently have a sales and marketing organization. To the extent we are unable to, or determine not to develop these resources internally, we may be forced to rely on third parties for these capabilities, which could subject us to costs and to delays that are outside our control. If we are unable to establish adequate capabilities independently or with others, we may be unable to generate product revenues for certain candidates. If we are unable to achieve revenues and profitability, then we will be forced to cease operations, which could cause you to lose all of your investment.

Development of pharmaceutical products is a risky and time-consuming process subject to a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. We are subject to regulatory authority permissions and approvals, most importantly the FDA. Our drug candidate(s)/indications are at early and mid-stages of development. Consequently, we can provide no assurance of the successful and timely development of new drugs, and the failure to do so could cause us to cease operations.

The drug discovery and development process is highly uncertain and we have not developed, and may never develop, a drug candidate that ultimately leads to a commercially viable drug. Our drug candidate, Brilacidin, is in early and mid-stages of development, and has only completed Phase 2 testing. Further development and extensive testing will be required to determine their technical feasibility and commercial viability.

Conducting clinical trials is a complex, time-consuming and expensive process that requires an appropriate number of trial sites and patients to support the product label claims being sought. The length of time, number of trial sites and number of patients required for clinical trials vary substantially according to their type, complexity, novelty and the drug candidate’s intended use, and we may spend several years completing certain trials. The time within which we can complete our clinical trials depends in large part on the ability to enroll eligible patients who meet the enrollment criteria and who are in proximity to the trial sites. We face competition with other clinical trials for eligible patients. As a result, there may be limited availability of eligible patients, which can result in increased development costs, delays in regulatory approvals and associated delays in drug candidates reaching the market. We experienced these issues in our psoriasis and oral mucositis clinical trials.

At any time, we, the FDA (or foreign regulatory authority) or an institutional review board (“IRB”), may temporarily or permanently stop a clinical trial, for a variety of reasons. We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, the clinical development process that could delay or prevent our drug candidates from being approved, including:

· failure to achieve clinical trial results that indicate a candidate is effective in treating a specified condition or illness in humans;

· presence of harmful side effects;

· determination by the FDA that the submitted data do not satisfy the criteria for approval;

· lack of commercial viability of the drug;

· failure to acquire, on reasonable terms, intellectual property rights necessary for commercialization; and

· existence of alternative therapeutics that are more effective.

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As our drug candidate advances to later stage clinical trials, it is customary that various aspects of the development program, such as manufacturing, formulation and other processes, and methods of administration, may be altered to optimize the candidates and processes for scale-up necessary for later stage clinical trials and potential approval and commercialization. These changes may not produce the intended optimization, including production of drug substance and drug product of a quality and in a quantity sufficient for Phase 3 clinical stage development or for commercialization, which may cause delays in the initiation or completion of clinical trials and greater costs. We may also need to conduct “bridging studies” to demonstrate comparability between newly manufactured drug substance and/or drug product for commercialization relative to previously manufactured drug substance and/or drug product for clinical trials. Demonstrating comparability may require us to incur additional costs or delay initiation or completion of clinical trials and, if unsuccessful, could require us to complete additional preclinical studies or clinical trials.

If we fail to adequately manage the increasing number, size and complexity of clinical trials, the clinical trials and corresponding regulatory approvals may be delayed or we or our partners may fail to gain approval for our drug candidates altogether. Even if we successfully conduct clinical trials, we may not obtain favorable clinical trial results and may not be able to obtain regulatory approval on this basis. If we are unable to market and sell our drug candidate or are unable to obtain approvals in the time frame needed to execute our product strategies, our business and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

Our success will depend on our ability to achieve scientific and technological advances and to translate such advances into reliable, commercially competitive drugs on a timely basis. The length of time required to complete clinical studies, submit an application for marketing approval, and obtain approval can vary considerably from one product to another, and may be difficult to predict or control. Drugs that we may develop are not likely to be commercially available for several years, if ever. The proposed development schedules for our drug candidate may be affected by a variety of factors, including technological difficulties, proprietary technology of others, and changes in government regulation, many of which will not be within our control.

Any delay in the development, introduction or marketing of our drug candidate could result either in such a drug being marketed at a time when their cost and performance characteristics would not be competitive in the marketplace or in the shortening of their commercial lives. In light of the long-term nature of our projects, the unproven technology involved and the other factors described elsewhere in “Risk Factors”, we may not be able to complete successfully the development or marketing of our drug candidate.

We may fail to successfully develop and commercialize our drug candidate for multiple reasons, including because it:

· is found to be unsafe or ineffective in clinical trials;

· does not receive necessary approval from the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies;

· has manufacturing production problems, costs, pricing or reimbursement issues, or other factors that make the product not economical;

· is hampered by the proprietary rights of others and their competing products and technologies;

· fails to conform to a changing standard of care for the diseases it seeks to treat; or

· is less effective or more expensive than current or alternative treatment methods.

Drug development failure can occur at any stage of clinical trials and as a result of many factors and there can be no assurance that we will reach any clinical targets. Promising results in preclinical development or early clinical trials may not be predictive of results obtained in later clinical trials. Many pharmaceutical companies have experienced significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after obtaining promising results in earlier preclinical studies and clinical trials. Clinical results are susceptible to varying interpretations that may delay, limit, or prevent regulatory approvals.

Even if we complete our clinical trials, we do not know what the long-term effects of exposure to our drug candidate will be. Furthermore, our drug candidate may be used in combination with other treatments and there can be no assurance that such use will not lead to unique safety issues. Failure to complete clinical trials or to prove that our drug candidate is safe and effective would have a material adverse effect on our ability to generate revenue and could require us to reduce the scope of or discontinue our operations, which could cause you to lose all of your investment.

At any time, we may decide to discontinue the development of, or to not commercialize, a drug candidate, such as our decision in December 2018 to discontinue the Prurisol psoriasis program, and our decision in September 2022 to discontinue the Kevetrin oncology program. If we terminate a program in which we have invested significant resources, we will not receive any return on our investment and we will have missed the opportunity to allocate those resources to potentially more productive uses.

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We have limited experience in conducting or supervising clinical trials and must outsource all clinical trials, which exposes us to risks which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

We have limited experience in conducting and supervising clinical trials that must be performed to obtain data to submit in applications for approval by the FDA. Because we have limited experience in conducting or supervising clinical trials, we outsource a significant amount of the work relating to our clinical trials to third parties. We therefore have less control over the conduct of our clinical trials, the timing and completion of the trials, the required reporting of adverse events, and the management of data developed through the trials than would be the case if we were relying entirely upon our own staff.

We also have more limited control over compliance with procedures and protocols used to complete clinical trials. If these contractors fail to meet applicable regulatory standards, the testing of our drugs would be adversely affected, causing a delay in our ability to engage in revenue-generating operations that could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

Communicating with outside parties can also be challenging, potentially leading to mistakes, as well as difficulties in coordinating activities. Outside parties may have staffing difficulties, may undergo changes in priorities or may become financially distressed, adversely affecting their willingness or ability to conduct our trials. We may experience unexpected cost increases that are beyond our control. Problems with the timeliness or quality of the work of a contract research organization may lead us to seek to terminate the relationship and use an alternative service provider. However, making this change may be costly and may delay our trials and contractual restrictions may make such a change difficult or impossible. Additionally, it may be impossible to find a replacement organization that can conduct our trials in an acceptable manner and at an acceptable cost.

Success in early clinical trials may not be predictive or indicative of results in current ongoing clinical trials or potential future clinical trials. Likewise, preliminary data from clinical trials should be considered carefully and with caution since the final data may be materially different from the preliminary data, particularly as more patient data become available.

A number of new drugs and biologics have shown promising results in preclinical studies and initial clinical trials, but subsequently have failed to establish sufficient safety and efficacy data to obtain necessary regulatory approvals to initiate commercial sale. There is typically an extremely high rate of attrition from the failure of product candidates proceeding through clinical trials. Data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities are subject to varying interpretations, which may delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired benefit-risk profile despite having progressed through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials. As a result, data from our preclinical studies and Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials of our drug candidate, Brilacidin, as well as the results of the past or future internal data reviews, should not be relied upon as predictive or indicative of future clinical results. The results we have previously obtained, as well as any future results, may not predict the future therapeutic benefit of our drug candidate.

In addition, from time-to-time, preliminary or interim data from clinical trials or other research, such as relating to the Brilacidin Phase 2, open-label, UP/UPS Proof-of-Concept (PoC) clinical trial, the Brilacidin Phase 2 COVID-19 clinical trial, the ongoing research relating to Brilacidin as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of viruses, or potential future clinical trials, may be reported or announced by us or the clinical investigators and medical institutions with which we work. Such data are preliminary and the data from any final analysis may be materially different. Even if final safety and/or efficacy data are positive, significant additional clinical testing will be necessary to advance the future development of our drug candidate. Preliminary or interim results may also not be reproduced in any potential future clinical trials. Accordingly, preliminary or interim data should be considered carefully and with caution.

We are subject to risks inherent in conducting clinical trials. Non-compliance with the FDA-approved good clinical practices by clinical investigators, clinical sites, or data management services could delay or prevent us from developing or commercializing our drug candidate, which could cause us to cease operations.

Agreements with clinical investigators and medical institutions for clinical testing and with other third parties for data management services place substantial responsibilities on these parties, which could result in delays in, or termination of, our clinical trials if these parties fail to perform as expected. For example, if any of our clinical trial sites fail to comply with FDA-approved good clinical practices, we may be unable to use the data gathered at those sites. If these clinical investigators, medical institutions or other third parties do not carry out their contractual duties or obligations or fail to meet expected deadlines, or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to their failure to adhere to our clinical protocols or for other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated, and we may be unable to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize our drug candidate.

We or regulators may suspend or terminate our clinical trials for a number of reasons. We may voluntarily suspend or terminate our clinical trials if at any time we believe that they present an unacceptable risk to the patients enrolled in our clinical trials. In addition, regulatory agencies may order the temporary or permanent discontinuation of our clinical trials at any time if they believe that the clinical trials are not being conducted in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements or that they present an unacceptable safety risk to the patients enrolled in our clinical trials. In addition, clinical trials may have independent monitoring boards composed of experts in the field. These boards may also have the authority to suspend or terminate clinical trials.

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Our clinical trial operations are and will be subject to regulatory inspections at any time. If regulatory inspectors conclude that we or our clinical trial sites are not in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements for conducting clinical trials, we may receive reports of observations or warning letters detailing deficiencies, and we will be required to implement corrective actions. If regulatory agencies deem our responses to be inadequate, or are dissatisfied with the corrective actions that we or our clinical trial sites have implemented, our clinical trials may be temporarily or permanently discontinued, we may be fined, we or our investigators may be precluded from conducting any ongoing or any future clinical trials, the government may refuse to approve our marketing applications or allow us to manufacture or market our drug candidate or we may be criminally prosecuted. If we are unable to complete clinical trials and have our products approved due to our failure to comply with regulatory requirements, we will be unable to commence revenue-generating operations, which could force us to cease operations.

Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing could result in increased costs to us and delay or limit our ability to generate revenues.

Delays in the commencement or completion of clinical testing of our products or products could significantly affect our product development costs and our ability to generate revenue. We do not know whether the FDA will agree with the trial designs for future clinical trials or whether future clinical trials will begin on time or be completed on schedule, if at all. The commencement and completion of clinical trials can be delayed for a number of reasons, including delays related to our ability to do the following:

· provide sufficient safety, efficacy or other data regarding a drug candidate to support the commencement of a Phase 3 or other clinical trial;

· reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract manufacturers, contract research organizations (CROs) and trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different third parties;

· select CROs, trial sites and, where necessary, contract manufacturers that do not encounter any regulatory compliance problems;

· manufacture sufficient quantities of a product candidate for use in clinical trials;

· obtain IRB approval to conduct a clinical trial at a prospective site;

· recruit and enroll patients to participate in clinical trials, which can be impacted by many factors outside our or our contracted parties’ control, including competition from other clinical trial programs for the same or similar indications; and

· retain patients who have initiated a clinical trial but may be prone to withdraw due to side effects from the therapy, lack of efficacy or personal issues.

Clinical trials may also be delayed as a result of ambiguous or negative interim results. In addition, a clinical trial may be suspended or terminated by us or our partner, the FDA, an IRB, a clinical trial site with respect to that site, or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including:

· failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements, including GCP, or our protocol;

· inspection of the clinical trial operations, trial sites or manufacturing facility by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in findings of non-compliance and the imposition of a clinical hold;

· unforeseen safety issues or results that do not demonstrate efficacy; and

· lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial.

Additionally, we may need to amend clinical trial protocols for a variety of reasons, including changes in regulatory requirements and guidance. Such amendments may require us to, for example, resubmit our clinical trial protocols to IRBs for reexamination, which may impact the costs, timing or successful completion of a clinical trial. We may decide to terminate a clinical study for commercial reasons including increased market availability of generic treatments. If we experience delays in completion of, or if we terminate, any of our clinical trials, the commercial prospects for our product candidates may be harmed and our ability to generate product revenues will be delayed and/or reduced. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of a product candidate.

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We must comply with significant and complex government regulations, compliance with which may delay or prevent the commercialization of our drug candidate, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

The research and development (R&D), manufacture and marketing of drug candidates are subject to regulation, primarily by the FDA in the United States, and by comparable authorities in other countries. These national agencies and other federal, state, local and foreign entities regulate, among other things, R&D activities (including testing in animals and in humans) and the testing, manufacturing, handling, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval, advertising and promotion of the products that we are developing. Noncompliance with applicable requirements can result in various adverse consequences, including approval delays or refusals to approve drug licenses or other applications, suspension or termination of clinical investigations, revocation of approvals previously granted, fines, criminal prosecution, recalls or seizures of products, injunctions against shipping drugs and total or partial suspension of production and/or refusal to allow a company to enter into governmental supply contracts.

The process of obtaining FDA approval for a drug has historically been costly and time consuming. Current FDA requirements for a new human drug or biological product to be marketed in the United States include: (i) the successful conclusion of pre-clinical laboratory and animal tests, if appropriate, to gain preliminary information on the product’s safety; (ii) filing with the FDA of an IND application to conduct human clinical trials for drugs or biologics; (iii) the successful completion of adequate and well-controlled human clinical investigations to establish the safety and efficacy of the product for its recommended use; and (iv) filing by a company and acceptance and approval by the FDA of a New Drug Application (“NDA”), for a drug product or a biological license application (“BLA”), for a biological product to allow commercial distribution of the drug or biologic. A delay in one or more of the procedural steps outlined above could be harmful to the Company in terms of getting our drug candidates through clinical testing and to market.

The FDA reviews the results of the clinical trials and may order the temporary or permanent discontinuation of clinical trials at any time if it believes the drug candidate exposes clinical subjects to an unacceptable health risk. Investigational drugs used in clinical studies must be produced in compliance with cGMP rules pursuant to FDA regulations.

Sales outside the United States of products that we may develop will also be subject to additional regulatory requirements governing human clinical trials and marketing for drugs and biological products and devices. The requirements vary widely from country to country, but typically the registration and approval process takes several years and requires significant resources.

We also are subject to the following risks and obligations, related to the approval of our products:

· The FDA or foreign regulators may interpret data from pre-clinical testing and clinical trials in different ways than we interpret them.

· If regulatory approval of a product is granted, the approval may be limited to specific indications or limited with respect to its distribution. In addition, many foreign countries control pricing and coverage under their respective national social security systems.

· The FDA or foreign regulators may not approve our manufacturing processes or manufacturing facilities.

· The FDA or foreign regulators may change their approval policies or adopt new regulations.

· Even if regulatory approval for any of our product is obtained, the corresponding marketing license will be subject to continual review, and newly discovered or developed safety or effectiveness data may result in suspension or revocation of the marketing license.

· If regulatory approval of the product candidate is granted, the marketing of that product would be subject to adverse event reporting requirements and a general prohibition against promoting products for unapproved uses.

· In some foreign countries, we may be subject to official release requirements that require each batch of the product we produce to be officially released by regulatory authorities prior to its distribution by us.

· We will be subject to continual regulatory review and periodic inspection and approval of manufacturing modifications, including compliance with cGMP regulations.

If we do not have the requisite resources to comply with all applicable regulations, then we could be forced to cease operations, which could cause you to lose all of your investment.

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We or third-party manufacturers we rely on may encounter failures or difficulties in manufacturing or formulating clinical development and commercial supplies of drugs, which could delay the clinical development or regulatory approval of our drug candidates, or their ultimate commercial production if approved.

Currently, third parties manufacture our drug candidates on our behalf. Third-party manufacturers may lack capacity to meet our needs, go out of business or fail to perform. In addition, supplies of raw materials needed for manufacturing or formulation of clinical supplies may not be available or in short supply. Furthermore, should we obtain FDA or EMA approval for any of our drug candidates, we expect to rely, at least to some extent, on third-party manufacturers for commercial production. Our dependence on others for the manufacture of our drug candidates may adversely affect our ability to develop and deliver such drug candidates on a timely and competitive basis.

The most recent manufacturing campaign activities for production of Brilacidin drug substance are ongoing; the process conducted at scale has encountered delays at the third party manufacturing facility with cost overruns, and such delays have prevented the Company from delivering sufficient Brilacidin drug substance requested under a license agreement. There is no assurance the drug substance from this campaign will meet specifications or be received timely.

Any performance failure on the part of a third-party manufacturer could delay clinical development, regulatory approval or, ultimately, sales of our drug candidate. Our third-party manufacturers may encounter difficulties involving production yields, regulatory compliance, lot release, quality control and quality assurance, as well as shortages of qualified personnel. Approval of our drug candidate could be delayed, limited or denied if the FDA does not approve our or a third-party manufacturer’s processes or facilities. Moreover, the ability to adequately and timely manufacture and supply a drug candidate is dependent on the uninterrupted and efficient operation of the manufacturing facilities, which is impacted by many manufacturing variables including:

· availability or contamination of raw materials and components used in the manufacturing process, particularly those for which we have no other source or supplier;

· capacity of our facilities or those of our contract manufacturers;

· facility contamination by microorganisms or viruses or cross contamination;

· compliance with regulatory requirements, including Form 483 notices and Warning Letters;

· changes in forecasts of future demand;

· timing and actual number of production runs;

· production success rates and bulk drug yields; and

· timing and outcome of product quality testing.

In addition, our third-party manufacturers may encounter delays and problems in manufacturing our drug candidate or drug for a variety of reasons, including accidents during operation, failure of equipment, delays in receiving materials, natural or other disasters, political or governmental changes, or other factors inherent in operating complex manufacturing facilities. Supply chain management is complex, and involves sourcing from a number of different companies and foreign countries. Commercially available starting materials, reagents and excipients may become scarce or more expensive to procure, and we may not be able to obtain favorable terms in agreements with contractors or subcontractors. Our third-party manufacturers may not be able to operate their respective manufacturing facilities in a cost-effective manner or in a time frame that is consistent with our expected future manufacturing needs. If we or our third-party manufacturers cease or interrupt production or if our third-party manufacturers and other service providers fail to supply materials, products or services to us for any reason, such interruption could delay progress on our programs, or interrupt the commercial supply, with the potential for additional costs and lost revenues. If this were to occur, we may also need to seek alternative means to fulfill our manufacturing needs.

We may not be able to enter into agreements for the manufacture of our drug candidate with manufacturers whose facilities and procedures comply with applicable law. Manufacturers are subject to ongoing periodic unannounced inspection by the FDA and corresponding state and foreign authorities to ensure strict compliance with cGMP and other applicable government regulations and corresponding foreign standards. We do not have control over a third-party manufacturer’s compliance with these regulations and standards. If one of our manufacturers fails to maintain compliance, we or they could be subject to enforcement, the production of our drug candidates could be interrupted or suspended, and/or our product could be recalled or withdrawn, among other consequences. Any of these events could result in delays, additional costs and potentially lost revenues.

We can provide no assurance that our drug candidate will obtain regulatory approval or that the results of clinical studies will be favorable, and if we fail to obtain such approval or if clinical studies are not favorable, we could be forced to cease operations.

Our drug candidate Brilacidin will require lengthy and costly studies in humans to obtain approval from the FDA before it can be marketed. We cannot predict with any certainty that the study results will be satisfactory to the FDA for approval to ultimately be granted. Preclinical and clinical trials may reveal that one or more products are ineffective or unsafe, in which event further development of such products could be seriously delayed or terminated.

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Approval of a drug candidate as safe and effective for use in humans is never certain and regulatory agencies may delay or deny approval of drug candidates for commercialization. For example, even though our product candidate Brilacidin has received QIDP designation, such designation may not result in a faster development process, review, or approval than drugs considered for approval under conventional FDA procedures; nor does such designation assure ultimate approval by the FDA or related exclusivity benefits. Regulatory agencies also may delay or deny approval based on additional government regulation or administrative action, changes in regulatory policy during the period of clinical trials in humans and regulatory review, or the availability of alternative treatments.

Delays in obtaining, or failure to obtain, FDA or any other necessary regulatory approvals of any proposed drugs would have an adverse effect on the drug’s potential commercial success and on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, it is possible that a proposed drug may be found to be ineffective or unsafe due to conditions or facts that arise after development has been completed and regulatory approvals have been obtained. In this event, we may be required to withdraw such drug from the market. To the extent that our success will depend on any regulatory approvals from government authorities outside of the United States that perform roles similar to that of the FDA, uncertainties similar to those stated above will also exist.

Even if we obtain regulatory approvals, our marketed drug candidate will be subject to ongoing regulation. If we fail to comply with U.S. and foreign regulations, we could be subject to adverse consequences, including loss of our approvals to market the drug, and our business would be seriously harmed.

Following any initial regulatory approval of our drug candidate, we will also be subject to continuing regulation of the manufacture, labeling, storage, recordkeeping, reporting, distribution, advertising, promotion, marketing, sale, import, and export of those drugs. Such regulation includes review of adverse experiences and the results of any clinical trials completed after our drug candidate is made commercially available, including any post marketing requirements that were required as a condition of approval. The contract manufacturers that make our drug candidate will also be subject to periodic review and inspection by the FDA. If our products, if approved, or the manufacturing facilities for our products fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, a regulatory agency may suspend any ongoing clinical trials; issue warning letters or untitled letters; suspend or withdraw regulatory approval; refuse to approve pending applications or supplements to applications; suspend or impose restrictions on operations; seize or detain products, prohibit the export or import of products, or require us to initiate a product recall; or seek other monetary or injunctive remedies, or impose civil or criminal penalties. We do not have, and currently do not intend to develop, the ability to manufacture material for our clinical trials or on a commercial scale. Reliance on third-party manufacturers entails risks to which we would not be subject if we manufactured the drug ourselves, including reliance on the third-party manufacturer for regulatory compliance.

Our drug promotion and advertising also would be subject to regulatory requirements and continuing FDA review. Our marketing of a drug also may be heavily scrutinized by the Department of Justice, the Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Inspector General, state attorneys general, members of Congress and the public. Our promotional activities will be regulated not only by the FDCA and FDA regulations, but also by federal and state laws pertaining to health care “fraud and abuse,” such as:

· the federal anti-kickback law prohibiting bribes, kickbacks or other remuneration for the order, purchase or recommendation of items or services reimbursed by federal health care programs;

· the federal False Claims Act, imposing criminal and civil penalties for knowingly presenting or causing to be presented claims to the federal government that are false or fraudulent; and

· the federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act, requiring pharmaceutical manufacturers to engage in extensive tracking of physician and teaching hospital payments, maintenance of a payments database and public reporting of the payment data.

Many states have similar laws applicable to items or services reimbursed by commercial insurers. Violations of fraud and abuse laws can result in costly litigation, fines and/or imprisonment, exclusion from participation in federal health care programs, and burdensome reporting and compliance obligations.

Compliance with ongoing regulation consumes substantial financial and management resources and may expose us to the potential for other adverse circumstances. For example, approval for a drug may be conditioned on costly post-marketing follow-up studies. Based on these studies, if a regulatory authority does not believe that the drug demonstrates an appropriate benefit-risk profile to patients, it could limit the indications for which a drug may be sold or revoke the drug’s marketing approval. In addition, identification of certain side effects after a drug is on the market may result in the subsequent withdrawal of approval, reformulation of a drug, additional preclinical and clinical trials, changes in labeling or distribution. Alternatively, we may be required by the FDA to develop and implement a REMS to ensure the safe use of our products. REMS may include costly risk management measures such as enhanced safety surveillance, restricted distribution and use, patient education, enhanced labeling, special packaging or labeling, expedited reporting of certain adverse events, pre-approval of promotional materials and restrictions on direct-to-consumer advertising. Any of these events could delay or prevent us from generating revenue, or limit the revenue, from the commercialization of a drug and/or cause us to incur significant additional costs.

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Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of a particular product candidate, if approved, and could significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects. If we are required to withdraw all or most of our drug from the market as a result of actions or inactions on our part or that of a third party, we may be unable to continue revenue-generating operations, which could cause you to lose all of your investment.

All of our Polymedix drug product candidates are licensed from or based upon licenses from the University of Pennsylvania. Upon our purchase of the Polymedix Assets we assumed all contractual rights and obligations of the licenses. If any of these license agreements are terminated, our ability to advance our Polymedix product candidates or develop new product candidates will be materially adversely affected which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

We now depend, and will continue to depend, on our Polymedix licenses and potentially on other licensing arrangements and/or strategic relationships with third parties for the research, development, manufacturing and commercialization of our Polymedix product candidates. If any of our licenses or relationships are terminated or breached, we may:

· lose our rights to develop and market our Polymedix product candidates;

· lose patent and/or trade secret protection for our Polymedix product candidates;

· experience significant delays in the development or commercialization of our Polymedix product candidates;

· not be able to obtain any other licenses on acceptable terms, if at all; and/or

· incur liability for damages.

If we experience any of the foregoing, it could have a materially adverse effect on our business and could force us to cease operations which could cause you to lose all of your investment.

We or our third-party manufacturers may fail to comply with manufacturing regulations.

All facilities and manufacturing processes used in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API, and drug products for clinical use in the U.S. must be operated in conformity with cGMP as established by the FDA. Similar requirements in other countries exist for manufacture of drug products for clinical use. These requirements include, among other things, quality control, quality assurance and the maintenance of records and documentation. Before we can commercialize a drug, we must obtain regulatory approval of our cGMP manufacturing facility and process, if any, or the cGMP manufacturing facility and process of the third party or parties with whom we may outsource our manufacturing activities.

In connection with any application for commercial approval, and if any drug candidate is approved by the FDA or other regulatory agencies for commercial sale, a significant scale-up in manufacturing may require additional validation studies. If we are unable to successfully increase the manufacturing capacity for a drug candidate, the regulatory approval or commercial launch of that drug candidate may be delayed, or there may be a shortage of supply, which could limit our ability to develop or commercialize the drug.

Our manufacturing facilities, if any in the future, and the manufacturing facilities of our third-party manufacturers will be subject to inspection by the FDA and other state, local and foreign regulatory authorities, before and after product approval. We cannot guarantee that we, or any potential third-party manufacturer of our products, will be able to comply with the cGMP regulations or other applicable manufacturing regulations.

Failure on our or our third party manufacturers’ part to comply with applicable regulations and specific requirements or specifications of other countries could result in the termination of ongoing research, disqualification of data for submission to regulatory authorities, delays or denials of new product approvals, warning letters, fines, consent decrees restricting or suspending manufacturing operations, injunctions, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products and criminal prosecution. Any of these consequences could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

Controls we or our third-party service providers have in place to ensure compliance with laws may not be effective to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

The development of our investigational products and our general operations are subject to extensive regulation in the U.S. and in foreign countries. Although we have developed and instituted controls to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, we cannot assure you that we, our employees, our consultants or our contractors will operate at all times in full compliance with all potentially applicable U.S. federal and state regulations and/or laws or all potentially applicable foreign law and/or regulations. Further, we have a limited ability to monitor and control the activities of third-party service providers, suppliers and manufacturers to ensure compliance by such parties with all applicable regulations and/or laws. We may be subject to direct liabilities or be required to indemnify such parties against certain liabilities arising out of any failure by them to comply with such regulations and/or laws. If we or our employees, consultants or contractors fail to comply with any of these regulations and/or laws a range of consequences could result, including, but not limited to, the termination of clinical trials, the failure to obtain approval of a product candidate, restrictions on our products or manufacturing processes, withdrawal of our products from the market, significant fines, exclusion from government healthcare programs or other sanctions or litigation that could adversely affect our results of operations.

25

The Company is exposed to product liability, clinical and preclinical liability risks which could place a substantial financial burden upon the Company should it be sued.

The Company could be exposed to potential product liability and other liability risks that are inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products. In addition, the use in the Company’s clinical trials of its investigational products and the potential subsequent sale of these products by the Company or its potential collaborators may cause the Company to bear some or all of the associated product liability risks. A successful liability claim or series of claims brought against the Company could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company has $5,000,000 per occurrence / $10,000,000 in aggregate in liability insurance for our clinical trials. The Company cannot assure that such insurance will provide adequate coverage against the Company’s potential liabilities. Claims or losses in excess of any product liability insurance coverage obtained by the Company could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Confidentiality agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information. Disclosure of our trade secrets or proprietary information could compromise any competitive advantage that we have, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

We depend upon confidentiality and non-use agreements with our officers, employees, consultants, and subcontractors to maintain the proprietary nature of the technology. These measures may not afford us sufficient or complete protection, and may not afford an adequate remedy in the event of an unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, others may independently develop technology similar to ours, otherwise avoiding the confidentiality agreements, or produce patents that would materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may be unable to obtain or protect intellectual property rights relating to our products, and we may be liable for infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

Our ability to compete effectively will depend on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature of our compounds and the proprietary compounds of others with which we have entered into licensing agreements. We have filed patent applications and expect to file a number of additional patent applications in the coming years. There can be no assurance that any of these patent applications will ultimately result in the issuance of a patent with respect to the proprietary compounds owned by us or licensed to us. The patent position of pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies, including ours, is generally uncertain and involves complex legal and factual considerations. The standards that the United States Patent and Trademark Office use to grant patents are not always applied predictably or uniformly and can change. There is also no uniform, worldwide policy regarding the subject matter and scope of claims granted or allowable in pharmaceutical or biotechnology patents. Accordingly, we do not know the degree of future protection for our proprietary rights or the breadth of claims that will be allowed in any patents issued to us or to others. Further, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, know-how, technology and nondisclosure, and other contractual agreements and technical measures to protect our rights in the proprietary compounds. If any trade secret, know-how or other proprietary information and/or compounds not protected by a patent were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our business and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

We do not believe that the compounds we are currently developing infringe upon the rights of any third parties nor are they infringed upon by third parties; however, there can be no assurance that our compounds will not be found in the future to infringe upon the rights of others or be infringed upon by others. In such a case, others may assert infringement claims against us, and should we be found to infringe upon their patents, or otherwise impermissibly utilize their intellectual property, we might be forced to pay damages, potentially including treble damages, if we are found to have willfully infringed on such parties’ patent rights. In addition to any damages we might have to pay, we may be required to obtain licenses from the holders of this intellectual property, enter into royalty agreements, or redesign our drug candidates so as not to utilize this intellectual property, each of which may prove to be uneconomical or otherwise impossible. Conversely, we may not always be able to successfully pursue our claims against others that infringe upon our proprietary compounds. Thus, the proprietary nature of our technology or technology licensed by us may not provide adequate protection against competitors.

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Moreover, the cost to us of any litigation or other proceeding relating to our patents and other intellectual property rights, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial, and the litigation would divert our management’s efforts. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could limit our ability to continue our operations.

Our potential collaborative relationships with third parties could cause us to expend significant resources and incur substantial business risk with no assurance of financial return, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

We may have to rely substantially upon strategic collaborations for R&D, marketing and commercialization. Our business will depend on our ability to sell drugs to both government agencies and to the general pharmaceutical market. We may have to sell our drugs through strategic partnerships with other pharmaceutical companies. If we are unable to establish or manage such strategic collaborations on terms favorable to us in the future, our revenue and drug development may be limited. To date, we have not yet commercialized any of our drug candidates.

If we determine to enter into R&D collaborations during the early phases of drug development, our success will in part depend on the performance of our research collaborators. We will not directly control the amount or timing of resources devoted by our research collaborators to activities related to our drug candidates. Our research collaborators may not commit sufficient resources to our programs. If any research collaborator fails to commit sufficient resources, our preclinical or clinical development programs related to this collaboration could be delayed or terminated. Also, our collaborators may pursue existing or other development-stage products or alternative technologies in preference to those being developed in collaboration with us. Finally, if we fail to make required milestone or royalty payments to our collaborators, or to observe other obligations in our agreements with them, our collaborators may have the right to terminate those agreements.

Management of our relationships with our collaborators will require:

· significant time and effort from our management team;

· coordination of our marketing and R&D programs with the marketing and R&D priorities of our collaborators; and

· effective allocation of our resources to multiple projects.

Establishing strategic collaborations is difficult and time-consuming. Our discussion with potential collaborators may not lead to the establishment of collaborations on favorable terms, if at all. Potential collaborators may reject collaborations based upon their assessment of our financial, regulatory or intellectual property position. Even if we successfully establish new collaborations, these relationships may never result in the successful development or commercialization of our drug candidates or the generation of sales revenue. To the extent that we enter into collaborative arrangements, our drug revenues are likely to be lower than if we directly marketed and sold any drugs that we may develop.

In addition, on June 9, 2022, we invested $4.0 million in BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd. (“BTL”). We rely on the management team of BTL to advance BTL’s technology, and BTL faces many of the risks described elsewhere in “Risk Factors” that are applicable to the Company. We may not receive an adequate return on our investment in BTL or any return at all.

We determined that a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting existed as of June 30, 2023. If we fail to properly remediate this or any future material weakness or deficiencies, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements may be impaired.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2023. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Management concluded that the Company’s accounting procedures relevant to an unconsolidated foreign investment are not sufficiently formal that management can determine whether the applicable control objectives are met and adequate documentation supporting the procedures is in place. Specifically, the Company does not have sufficient controls to conclude that data from the unconsolidated foreign investee underlying the Company’s financial statements is captured completely, accurately and timely, in accordance with the Company’s policies and procedures. This material weakness could result in a misstatement of the recorded equity investment as well as the equity in loss from equity investment that would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We may not have the resources to remediate this material weakness in the coming quarters and even if we remediate this material weakness, there can be no assurance that we will not have material weaknesses or deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could cause the price of our common stock to decline, and we may be subject to investigation or sanctions by the SEC.

27

We may not be able to attract and retain highly skilled personnel or consultants, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

Our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel or consultants is critical to our operations and expansion. We face competition for these types of personnel from other pharmaceutical companies and more established organizations, many of which have significantly larger operations and greater financial, technical, human and other resources than us. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel or consultants on a timely basis, on competitive terms, or at all. If we are not successful in attracting and retaining these personnel or consultants, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be materially adversely affected.

We depend upon our senior management and their loss or unavailability could put us at a competitive disadvantage.

We depend upon the efforts and abilities of our senior management team. Leo Ehrlich, the Company’s Chief Executive and Financial Officer presently has no employment agreement with the Company. The loss of a member of the senior management team could have an adverse impact on our business. Competition for senior management is intense, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining key personnel to replace such loss of a member of the senior management team, the inability of which could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

The biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries are characterized by rapid technological developments and a high degree of competition. We may be unable to compete with enterprises equipped with more substantial resources than us, which could cause us to cease operations.

The biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries are characterized by rapid technological developments and a high degree of competition based primarily on scientific and technological factors. These factors include the availability of patent and other protection for technology and products, the ability to commercialize technological developments and the ability to obtain government approval for testing, manufacturing and marketing.

We compete with biopharmaceutical firms in the United States, Europe and elsewhere, as well as a growing number of large pharmaceutical companies that are applying biotechnology to their operations. Many biopharmaceutical companies have focused their development efforts in the human therapeutics area, including cancer. Many major pharmaceutical companies have developed or acquired internal biotechnology capabilities or made commercial arrangements with other biopharmaceutical companies. These companies, as well as academic institutions, government agencies and private research organizations, also compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualified scientific personnel and consultants. Our ability to compete successfully with other companies in the pharmaceutical field will also depend to a considerable degree on the continuing availability of capital on terms and conditions acceptable to us.

We are aware of numerous products under development or manufactured by competitors that are used for the prevention or treatment of certain diseases we have targeted for drug development. Various companies are developing biopharmaceutical products that potentially directly compete with our drug candidate even though their approach to such treatment is different.

For example, with respect to Brilacidin, numerous drugs are already FDA approved for the treatment of IBD, ABSSSI, and COVID-19. Although there is presently no drug approved for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis for head and neck cancers, there are numerous clinical trials in progress and Kepivance is approved for limited use in patients with hematologic malignancies.

Our competition will be determined in part by the potential indications for which our investigational drug is developed and ultimately approved by regulatory authorities. Additionally, the timing of the market introduction of our potential drug or of competitors’ products may be an important competitive factor. Accordingly, the relative speed with which we can develop a drug; complete pre-clinical testing, clinical trials, and approval processes; and supply commercial quantities to market are likely to be important competitive factors. We expect that competition among drugs approved for sale will be based on various factors, including product efficacy, safety, reliability, availability, price and patent protection.

The successful development of biopharmaceuticals is highly uncertain. A variety of factors, including, but not limited to, unfavorable pre-clinical study results or failure to obtain regulatory approvals, could cause us to abandon development of our drug candidate, which could also cause us to cease operations and you may lose your entire investment.

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Risks Related to the Securities Markets and Investments in Our Class A Common Stock

In addition to potential dilution associated with future fundraising transactions, we currently have significant numbers of securities outstanding that are exercisable for our common stock, which will result in significant additional dilution and downward pressure on our stock price.

As of September 28, 2023, there were 514.0 million shares of our Class A common stock outstanding and 4.3 million shares of our Class B common stock outstanding. In addition, as of June 30, 2023, there were outstanding stock options, a convertible note and preferred stock representing the potential issuance of approximately an additional 43.8 million shares of our common stock. The issuance of these shares in the future would result in significant dilution to our current stockholders and could adversely affect the price of our common stock and the terms on which we could raise additional capital. In addition, the issuance and subsequent trading of shares could cause the supply of our common stock available for purchase in the market to exceed the purchase demand for our common stock. Such supply in excess of demand could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

We may elect to deregister our common stock under the Exchange Act and suspend our reporting obligations. Such deregistration and suspension would result in less disclosure about us and may negatively affect the liquidity and trading prices of our common stock.

Due to the relatively high cost of being a public company in the United States and our limited resources, our Board of Directors may elect to voluntarily deregister our Class A common stock under the Exchange Act and suspend our reporting obligations with the SEC, possibly in combination with beginning to satisfy the alternative reporting standard of the OTC Markets to continue the quotation of our Class A common stock on the OTC Pink. No Board approval of deregistration has taken place, but in the future, the Board may authorize the Company to file with the SEC a Form 15 to voluntarily deregister our Class A common stock under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act and suspend our reporting obligations under Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. If the Board approves such deregistration, we would file a Form 15 and our obligations to file periodic reports, such as annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, would be suspended immediately upon the filing of the Form 15 with the SEC, and our proxy statement, Section 16 and other Section 12(g) reporting responsibilities would terminate effective 90 days after the filing of the Form 15. Following any such deregistration and suspension, we would not expect to publish periodic financial information or furnish such information to our stockholders except as may be required by applicable laws or, if the Board so elects, as part of the alternative reporting standard of the OTC Markets, which requires companies to provide less information compared to the requirements under Section 13 and Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. As a result of the foregoing factors, deregistration may result in less disclosure about us and may negatively affect the liquidity and trading prices of our Class A common stock.

Because our common stock is quoted on the OTC your ability to sell your shares in the secondary trading market may be limited.

Our Class A Common Stock is currently quoted on the OTC. Consequently, the liquidity of our Class A Common Stock is impaired, not only in the number of shares that are bought and sold, but also through delays in the timing of transactions, and coverage by security analysts and the news media, if any, of our Company. As a result, prices for shares of our Class A Common Stock may be lower than might otherwise prevail if our Class A Common Stock were listed on a national securities exchange.

Because our Class A Common Stock is considered “penny stock” you may have difficulty selling them in the secondary trading market.

Federal regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) regulate the trading of so-called “penny stocks,” which are generally defined as any security not listed on a national securities exchange, priced at less than $5.00 per share and offered by an issuer with limited net tangible assets and revenues. Since our Class A Common Stock currently is quoted on the OTC at less than $5.00 per share, our shares are “penny stocks” and may not be traded unless a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock market and the risks associated therewith is delivered to a potential purchaser prior to any trade.

In addition, because our Class A Common Stock is not listed on any national securities exchange and currently is quoted at and trades at less than $5.00 per share, trading in our Class A Common Stock is subject to Rule 15g-9 under the Exchange Act. Under this rule, broker-dealers must take certain steps prior to selling a “penny stock,” which steps include:

· obtaining financial and investment information from the investor;

· obtaining a written suitability questionnaire and purchase agreement signed by the investor; and

· providing the investor a written identification of the shares being offered and the quantity of the shares.

If these penny stock rules are not followed by the broker-dealer, the investor has no obligation to purchase the shares. The application of these comprehensive rules will make it more difficult for broker-dealers to sell our Class A Common Stock and our stockholders, therefore, may have difficulty in selling their shares in the secondary trading market.

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Our stock price may be volatile and your investment in our Class A Common Stock could suffer a decline in value.

As of June 30, 2023, the last closing price of our Class A Common Stock, as quoted on the OTC, was $0.02 per share, and on September 28, 2023, the last closing price was $0.01 per share. The price may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include:

· progress of our products through the regulatory process;

· results of preclinical studies and clinical trials;

· announcements of technological innovations or new products by us or our competitors;

· government regulatory action affecting our products or our competitors’ products in both the United States and foreign countries;

· developments or disputes concerning patent or proprietary rights;

· general market conditions for emerging growth and pharmaceutical companies;

· economic conditions in the United States or abroad;

· actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results;

· broad market fluctuations; and

· changes in financial estimates by securities analysts.

We do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future and, therefore, any return on your investment in our Class A Common Stock must come from increases in the fair market value and trading price of the Class A Common Stock.

We have not paid any cash dividends on our Class A Common Stock and do not intend to pay cash dividends on our Class A Common Stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, for reinvestment in the development and expansion of our business. Any credit agreements, which we may enter into with institutional lenders, may restrict our ability to pay dividends. Whether we pay cash dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and any other factors that the board of directors decides is relevant. Therefore, any return on your investment in our Class A Common Stock must come from increases in the fair market value and trading price of the Class A Common Stock.

We may issue additional equity shares to fund the Company’s operational requirements which would dilute your share ownership.

The Company’s continued viability depends on its ability to raise capital. Changes in economic, regulatory or competitive conditions may lead to cost increases. Management may also determine that it is in the best interest of the Company to develop new services or products. In any such case additional financing is required for the Company to meet its operational requirements. There can be no assurances that the Company will be able to obtain such financing on terms acceptable to the Company and at times required by the Company, if at all. In such event, the Company may be required to materially alter its business plan or curtail all or a part of its operational plans.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our current Company headquarters is located at 301 Edgewater Place - Suite 100, Wakefield, MA 01880, a suite that maintains our virtual offices, and if needed, the use of physical offices, meeting rooms, and business support services on a fee for use basis. All our employees and consultants work remotely.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

On January 22, 2020, the Company filed a complaint against Cummings Properties, LLC in the Superior Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (C.A. No. 20-77CV00101), seeking, among other things, declaratory relief that the lease terminated in September 2018, as the Company’s prior principal executive offices did not automatically extend for an additional five years, return of the Company’s security deposit, and damages. On August 29, 2023, the trial for this case commenced and as of September 28, 2023, this trial is ongoing. The Company is currently unable to determine the probability of the trial outcome or reasonably estimate the loss or gain, if any.

The information called for by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth in Note 10. Commitment and contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s Class A Common Stock symbol is “IPIX” and is quoted on the OTC Pink. Quotations on the OTC Pink reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission, and may not represent actual transactions.

Number of Shareholders

As of September 28, 2023, a total of approximately 514,013,755 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock are outstanding and held by approximately 66 shareholders of record, including Cede & Co., the nominee for the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation and consequently that number does not include beneficial owners of our common stock who hold their stock in “street name” through their brokers. In addition, as of September 28, 2023, a total of shares of 4,333,936 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock are outstanding and held by one stockholder of record.

Dividends

The Company has not paid any cash dividends to our shareholders since its inception. The Company currently intends to retain any earnings for use in its business, and therefore does not anticipate paying cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. The accrued dividend on the balance sheet represents a portion of the unpaid accrued dividend to our Series B 5% convertible preferred stockholders. See Notes 15 and 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our accompanying audited financial statements and related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, the following discussion includes certain forward-looking statements. For a discussion of important factors, including factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from the results referred to in the forward-looking statements, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our fiscal year ends on June 30. When we refer to a fiscal year, we are referring to the year in which the fiscal year ends. Therefore, fiscal 2023 refers to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

Management’s Plan of Operation

The Company historically devoted most of its efforts and resources on business development, regulatory matters, and clinical trials. Presently, the Company does not have sufficient financial resources to advance our drug candidates meaningfully. Contingent upon sufficient funding, we anticipate that our efforts would primarily focus on advancement of our drug candidate Brilacidin for decreasing the incidence of severe oral mucositis as a complication of chemoradiation in Oral Mucositis. The antiviral and antifungal properties of Brilacidin also present potential clinical development opportunities going forward should sufficient funding be obtained via grants and/or pharmaceutical company partnerships. In general, we expect to concentrate on product development and engage in a limited way in product discovery, avoiding the significant investment of time and financial resources that is generally required for a promising compound to be identified and brought into clinical trials.

In the ordinary course of business, we engage in a continual review of opportunities to license our drug compound(s)/ indications and enter into partnering, joint development or similar arrangements with other companies. We may generally at any time have such opportunities in various stages of active review, including, for example, entry into indications of interest and term sheets and participation in preliminary discussions and negotiations. Any such transaction could be material to us.

The Company is monitoring BTL’s progress in advancing its novel laser-based thermal ablation technology platform targeting epilepsy and oncology procedures. BTL will use the FDA 510(k) pathway to achieve its goal of marketing approval in the United States. BTL recently received certification of ISO13485 for their new facility. ISO 13485 is the medical industry’s medical device standard, which is designed to ensure that all medical devices meet the proper regulatory compliance laws and customer needs.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles of the United States (“GAAP”) requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Critical accounting estimates are those estimates made in accordance with GAAP that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company. We also have other key accounting policies, which involve the use of estimates, judgments, and assumptions that are significant to understanding our results which are found in Note 3 – Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements, to the financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates are the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities, which in turn may impact our reported revenue and expenses. Although we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based upon information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments, or conditions.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 3. Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements to the consolidated financial statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and their effect, if any, on our financial statements.

Results of Operations

We expect to incur losses from operations for the next few years. Contingent upon sufficient funding, we expect to incur increasing research and development expenses, including expenses related to additional clinical trials for our proprietary programs. We currently anticipate that future budget expenditures will be approximately $1.8 million for the next 12 months, including approximately $0.6 million for development activities, supportive research, and drug manufacturing. However, continuing operations for the next 12 months from the date of this filing is very much dependent upon our ability to raise capital from existing or new financing sources. There can be no assurance as to the availability or terms upon which such financing and capital might be available.

Revenue

We generated revenue of $0 and $18,000 for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Revenue during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 represented the payment of $18,000 from FCCDC based on FCCDC’s third-party license of broad-spectrum anti-fungals and a separate agreement between the Company and FCCDC (see Note 8. Exclusive License Agreement and Patent Assignment Agreement of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K).

We incurred operating expenses of approximately $2.9 million and $6.9 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Research and Development Expenses for Proprietary Programs

Below is a summary of our research and development expenses for our proprietary programs by categories of costs for the fiscal years presented (rounded to nearest thousand):

	Year ended					Change
	June 30,					2023 vs. 2022
	2023			2022		$			%
Clinical studies and development research	$	981,000		$	3,631,000		(2,650,000	)		(73	)%
Refunds of unused project deposits		(175,000	)		-		(175,000	)		-
Reimbursement for Brilacidin manufacturing expenses		(222,000	)		-		(222,000	)		-
Employees payroll and payroll tax expenses related to R&D department		459,000			641,000		(182,000	)		(28	)%
Stock-based compensation - employee		44,000			100,000		(56,000	)		(56	)%
Stock-based compensation - consultants		2,000			60,000		(58,000	)		(97	)%
Depreciation and amortization expenses		373,000			382,000		(9,000	)		(2	)%
Total	$	1,462,000		$	4,814,000		(3,352,000	)		(70	)%

Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022 - Research and development expenses for proprietary programs decreased during the year ended June 30, 2023 compared with the year ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to less spending on our Brilacidin program for the fiscal year 2023.

Employees payroll and payroll tax expenses decreased during the year ended June 30, 2023 compared with the year ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to no bonus paid during the year ended June 30, 2023.

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Stock-based compensation for employees decreased during the year ended June 30, 2023 compared with the year ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to no new stock options being issued to employees during the year ended June 30, 2023.

Stock-based compensation - consultants decreased during the year ended June 30, 2023 compared with the year ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to no new stock options being issued to consultants during the year ended June 30, 2023.

Our research and development expenses include costs related to preclinical and clinical trials, outsourced services and consulting, officers’ payroll and related payroll tax expenses, other wages and related payroll tax expenses, stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization expenses. Clinical studies and development expenses may decrease in future reporting periods depending on the Company’s current and future financial liquidity. We manage our proprietary programs based on scientific data and achievement of research plan goals. Accordingly, the accurate assignment of time and costs to a specific project is difficult and may not give a true indication of the actual costs of a particular project. As a result, we do not report costs on an individual program basis.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist mainly of compensation and associated fringe benefits not included in the cost of research and development expenses for proprietary programs and include other management, business development, accounting, information technology and administration costs, including patent filing and prosecution, recruiting, consulting and professional services, travel and meals, sales commissions, facilities, depreciation and other office expenses.

Below is a summary of our general and administrative expenses (rounded to nearest thousand):

	Year ended				Change
	June 30,				2023 vs. 2022
	2023		2022			$		%
Insurance and health expense	$	287,000	$	277,000		10,000		4	%
Directors’ fees		150,000		150,000		-		0	%
Rent and utility expense		41,000		74,000		(33,000	)	(45	)%
Stock-based compensation - officers & directors		161,000		423,000		(262,000	)	(62	)%
Business development expense		5,000		29,000		(24,000	)	(83	)%
Patent write off		-		141,000		(141,000	)	(100	)%
Other G&A		106,000		129,000		(23,000	)	(18	)%
Total	$	750,000	$	1,223,000		(473,000	)	(39	)%

Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022 - General and administrative expenses decreased during the year ended June 30, 2023 compared with the year ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to the decrease in stock-based compensation - officers & directors of $262,000, a decrease in patent write off relating to Kevetrin of $141,000, and a decrease in other G&A expense of $23,000 due to less business development consultants’ fees and business events during the year ended June 30, 2023. Stock-based compensation for officers and directors decreased during the year ended June 30, 2023 due to no new stock options being issued to officers and directors during the year ended June 30, 2023 compared with the year ended June 30, 2022.

Officer’s payroll and payroll tax expenses

Below is a summary of our officer’s payroll and payroll tax expenses (rounded to nearest thousand):

	Year ended				Change
	June 30,				2023 vs. 2022
	2023		2022		$		%
Officers’ payroll and payroll tax expenses	$	482,000	$	428,000		54,000	13	%

Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022 – Officers’ payroll and payroll tax expenses increased during the year ended June 30, 2023 compared with the year ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to the increase in officers’ payroll taxes.

Professional fees

Below is a summary of our professional fees (rounded to nearest thousand):

	Year ended				Change
	June 30,				2023 vs. 2022
	2023		2022		$			%
Audit Fee, legal and professional fees	$	245,000	$	452,000		(207,000	)		(46	)%

33

Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022 - Professional fees decreased during the year ended June 30, 2023 compared with the year ended June 30, 2022, primarily related to fewer transactions in fiscal 2023. Professional fees during the year ended June 30, 2022 primarily related to the 2020 Securities Purchase Agreement and issuance of Series B-2 preferred stock.

Other Operating Income and (Loss)

	Year ended				Change
	June 30,				2023 vs. 2022
	2023		2022		$		%
Equity in loss from equity investment	$	172,000	$	22,000		150,000		682	%

Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022 – Other operating loss increased during the year ended June 30, 2023 compared with the year ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to the increase in equity loss from the equity investment (see Note 4. - Equity Investment of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K).

Other Income (Expense)

Below is a summary of our other income (expense) (rounded to nearest thousand):

	Year ended						Change
	June 30,						2023 vs. 2022
	2023			2022			$			%
Other income	$	-		$	172,000			(172,000	)		(100	)%
Change in fair value of preferred stock		-			(177,000	)		(177,000	)		(100	)%
Interest expense - debt		(28,000	)		(68,000	)		(40,000	)		(59	)%
Interest expense - preferred stock liability		(29,000	)		(47,000	)		(18,000	)		(38	)%
Other Income (Expense), net	$	(57,000	)	$	(120,000	)		(63,000	)		(53	)%

Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022 - Other income (expense), net decreased during the year ended June 30, 2023 compared with the year ended June 30, 2022, primarily due to the decrease in other income of $172,000 related to no forgiveness of the PPP Loan in 2023, a decrease in change in fair value of preferred stock of $177,000 related to series B-2 preferred stock, and a decrease in interest expense of $40,000, because the Company repaid $1,033,000 of note payable to Mr. Ehrlich, the Company’s Chairman and CEO during the year ended June 30, 2022.

There was a decrease in interest expense - preferred stock liability during the year ended June 30, 2023 compared with the year ended June 30, 2022, due to the less outstanding of series B-2 preferred stock during the year ended June 30, 2023.

Net Losses

We incurred net losses of $3.2 million and $7.0 million for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, because of the above-mentioned factors.

Liquidity, Going Concern and Capital Resources

Projected Future Working Capital Requirements - Next 12 Months

As of June 30, 2023, we had approximately $1.5 million in cash compared to $3.8 million of cash as of June 30, 2022, and as of the date of this filing, we have approximately $1.0 million in cash. Contingent upon sufficient funding, we currently anticipate that future budget expenditures will be approximately $1.8 million for the next 12 months, including approximately $0.6 million for development activities, supportive research, and drug manufacturing.

This assessment is based on current estimates and assumptions regarding our clinical development programs and business needs. Actual working capital requirements could differ materially from this above working capital projection.

Our ability to successfully raise sufficient funds through the sale of equity securities, when needed, is subject to many risks and uncertainties and even if we are successful, future equity issuances would result in dilution to our existing stockholders. Our risk factors are described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

34

In the event that we are unable to raise additional funds from others, we may be required to delay, reduce or severely curtail our operations or otherwise impede our on-going business efforts, which could have a material adverse effect on our future business, operating results, financial condition and long-term prospects. The Company expects to seek to obtain additional funding through business development activities (for example licensing and partnerships) and future equity issuances. There can be no assurance as to the availability or terms upon which such financing and capital might be available to us.

Going Concern

Our financial statements were prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. We have negative working capital of $3.4 million and have incurred losses since inception of $125.3 million. We expect to incur further losses in the development of our business and have been dependent on raising capital to fund operations from inception. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans include continuing to finance operations through the private or public placement of debt and/or equity securities and the reduction of expenditures. However, no assurance can be given at this time as to whether we will be able to achieve these objectives. The financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

Shelf Registration Statement - Current Status

The Company does not satisfy the conditions for use of Form S-3 for primary offerings of securities, and as a result, the Company generally may only utilize Form S-1 to register the sale of its securities. Form S-1 offers less flexibility on the timing and types of offerings compared to Form S-3.

Cash Flows

The following table provides information regarding our cash position, cash flows and capital expenditures for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (rounded to nearest thousand):

	Year ended						Change
	June 30,						Increase/
	2023			2022			(Decrease)
							%
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(2,106,000	)	$	(6,280,000	)		(66	)%
Net cash used in investing activities		(60,000	)		(4,080,000	)		(99	)%
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(123,000	)		3,973,000			(103	)%
Net decrease in cash	$	(2,289,000	)	$	(6,387,000	)		(64	)%

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $2.1 million and $6.3 million, a decrease of $4.2 million. For the year ended June 30, 2023, operating cash flows reflect our net loss of $3.2 million, noncash charges (stock-based compensation expense, amortization expense and equity in loss from investment) of $0.8 million and a net increase from changes in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $0.3 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities include an increase in accounts payable of $0.4 million and an increase in accrued officers’ salaries and payroll taxes of $0.1 million, offset by a decrease in operating lease liability of $0.2 million.

For the year ended June 30, 2022, operating cash flows reflect our net loss of $7.0 million, noncash charges (stock-based compensation expense, amortization expense and equity in loss from investment) of $1.1 million and a net decrease from changes in operating assets and liabilities of approximately $0.4 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities include a decrease in accrued expense of $0.2 million, a decrease in accrued officers’ salaries and payroll taxes of $0.4 million, a decrease in operating lease liability of $0.2 million, offset by an increase in accounts payable of $0.4 million.

Investing activities

Net cash used in our investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to net cash used in our investing activities in 2022, decreased by approximately $4.0 million. The decrease was due primarily to a decrease in the contribution of equity investment in 2023 as compared to the investment in BTL in 2022.

Financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to net cash provided by our financing activities in 2022, decreased by approximately $4.1 million. The decrease was due primarily to decreases in proceeds from exercise of warrants to purchase Series B Preferred stock.

35

During the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company did not raise any funds and repaid a note payable of $37,000 and paid dividends on preferred stock of $86,000.

During the year ended June 30, 2022, the Company raised $5.0 million in net cash proceeds, from exercise of warrants to purchase preferred stock and repaid $1.0 million of a note payable to officer.

Requirement for Additional Working Capital

The Company, contingent on future sales of its securities, currently expects to incur total operating expenses of approximately $1.8 million for the next 12 months, including approximately $0.6 million for development activities, supportive research, and drug manufacturing. The Company has limited experience with pharmaceutical product development. As such, this budget estimate may change in the future. In addition, the actual work to be performed is not known at this time, other than a broad outline, as is normal with any scientific work. As further work is performed, additional work may become necessary or a change in plans or workload may occur. Such changes may have an adverse impact on our estimated budget and on our projected timeline of drug development.

In the event that we are unable to raise additional funds from others, we may be required to delay, reduce or severely curtail our operations or otherwise impede our on-going business efforts, which could have a material adverse effect on our future business, operating results, financial condition and long-term prospects. The Company expects to seek to obtain additional funding through business development activities (for example licensing and partnerships) and future equity issuances. There can be no assurance as to the availability or terms upon which such financing and capital might be available to us.

Commitments and Contingencies

Please see Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a discussion of contractual commitments and contingent liability - disputed invoices.

Equity Transactions

During the year ended June 30, 2023, the 2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stockholder converted a total of 260 shares of Series B-2 preferred stock into a total of approximately 25,690,759 shares of common stock. With regard to conversions, the Company reversed Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock liability relating to the conversion and recorded $0.3 million as additional paid-in capital at par value. The Company reversed the amount of approximately $0.3 million based on the proportion of Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock converted relative to the original total issued.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 304(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

We do not expect the adoption of recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a significant impact on our results of operation, financial position or cash flow.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

36

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INNOVATION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms (Firm ID 6117)		F-1
Financial Statements of Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 and 2022		F-2
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022		F-3
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022		F-4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022		F-5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		F-6

37

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

Innovation Pharmaceutical, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Innovation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the Company) as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Going Concern Considerations

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.  The Company has negative working capital, has suffered losses and negative cash flow from operations, which raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.  Management’s plans in regard to these matters are described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Stock-Based Compensation

As described in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recorded stock-based compensation related to the issuance of common stock and stock options issued to employees and third-party service providers. Management establishes their estimates for the value of the stock-based compensation related to common stock issued for services using historical stock price information.  Management uses a valuation model requiring various inputs to establish their estimates for the value of stock options.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to stock-based compensation is a critical audit matter are due to the material impact it has on the consolidated financial statements.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included, among others, evaluating the reasonableness of the historical stock price information used by management for the valuation of the common stock along with evaluating the reasonableness of the input’s management used in the valuation model related to the stock options and warrants to determine the stock-based compensation expense.

/s/ Pinnacle Accountancy Group of Utah

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.

Pinnacle Accountancy Group of Utah

(a dba of Heaton & Company, PLLC)

Farmington, Utah

September 28, 2023

F-1

INNOVATION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

AS OF JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022

(Rounded to nearest thousand except for share data) 

	June 30,			June 30,
	2023			2022
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash	$	1,518,000		$	3,807,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		116,000			145,000
Total Current Assets		1,634,000			3,952,000
Equity investment		3,806,000			3,978,000
Other Assets:
Patent costs - net		1,999,000			2,312,000
Deferred offering costs		—			59,000
Security deposit		78,000			78,000
Total Other Assets		2,077,000			2,449,000
Total Assets	$	7,517,000		$	10,379,000
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable - (including related party payables of approx. $1,511,000 and $1,511,000, respectively)	$	2,985,000		$	2,567,000
Accrued expenses - (including related party accruals of approx. $24,000 and $12,000, respectively)		73,000			92,000
Accrued salaries and payroll taxes - (including related party accrued salaries of approx. $1,613,000 and $1,563,000, respectively)		1,690,000			1,640,000
Operating lease - current liability		55,000			197,000
Convertible note payable - related party		213,000			250,000
Accrued dividend - Series B 5% convertible preferred stock		5,000			62,000
Total Current Liabilities		5,021,000			4,808,000
Other Liabilities:
Series B 5% convertible preferred stock liability at $1,080 stated value; 360 shares and 620 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively		457,000			786,000
Operating lease - long term liability		—			55,000
Total Liabilities		5,478,000			5,649,000
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 designated shares, no shares issued and outstanding		—			—
Common Stock - Class A, $0.0001 par value, 600,000,000 shares authorized, 522,529,811 and 496,741,729 shares issued as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, 514,013,755 and 488,225,673 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.		51,000			49,000
Common Stock - Class B, (10 votes per share); $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 6,692,473 shares and 18,000,000 shares issued as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, and 4,333,936 shares and 15,641,463 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively		1,000			2,000
Additional paid-in capital		129,566,000			129,090,000
Accumulated deficit		(125,325,000	)		(122,157,000	)
Treasury Stock, at cost (10,874,593 shares as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively)		(2,254,000	)		(2,254,000	)
Total Stockholders’ Equity		2,039,000			4,730,000
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	7,517,000		$	10,379,000

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-2

INNOVATION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022

(Rounded to nearest thousand except for shares and per share data)

	For the Years Ended
	June 30,
	2023			2022
Revenues	$	—		$	18,000
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses		1,462,000			4,814,000
General and administrative expenses		750,000			1,223,000
Officers’ payroll and payroll tax expenses		482,000			428,000
Professional fees		245,000			452,000
Total operating expenses		2,939,000			6,917,000
Other Operating Income and (Loss)
Equity in loss from equity investment		(172,000	)		(22,000	)
Total Other Operating Income and (Loss)		(172,000	)		(22,000	)
Loss from operations		(3,111,000	)		(6,921,000	)
Other income (expenses)
Other income		—			172,000
Change in fair value of preferred stock		—			(177,000	)
Interest expense - debt		(28,000	)		(68,000	)
Interest expense - preferred stock		(29,000	)		(47,000	)
Total other income (expenses)		(57,000	)		(120,000	)
Loss before provision for income taxes		(3,168,000	)		(7,041,000	)
Provision for income taxes		-			-
Net loss	$	(3,168,000	)	$	(7,041,000	)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.01	)
Basic and Diluted Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding		505,767,599			503,867,136

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-3

INNOVATION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022

(Rounded to nearest thousand, except for shares data): 

	Common Stock A					Common Stock B					Additional
	Par Value					Par Value					Paid-in			Accumulated			Treasury Stock
	Shares		$	0.0001		Shares		$	0.0001		Capital			Deficit			Shares		Amount			Total
Balance at June 30, 2021		418,157,142		$	42,000		15,641,463		$	2,000	$	124,835,000		$	(115,116,000	)		10,874,593	$	(2,254,000	)	$	7,509,000
Offering cost		-			-		-			-		(718,000	)		-			-		-			(718,000	)
Conversion of 4,452 preferred stock into 69,901,865 common stocks		69,901,865			7,000		-			-		4,367,000			-			-		-			4,374,000
Shares issued for exercise of stock options		166,666			-		-			-		23,000			-			-		-			23,000
Shares issued to employee for services		-			-		-			-		8,000			-			-		-			8,000
Stock options issued to consultant for services		-			-		-			-		60,000			-			-		-			60,000
Stock options issued to director for services		-			-		-			-		423,000			-			-		-			423,000
Stock options issued to employee for services		-			-		-			-		92,000			-			-		-			92,000
Net loss		-			-		-			-		-			(7,041,000	)		-		-			(7,041,000	)
Balance at June 30, 2022		488,225,673			49,000		15,641,463			2,000		129,090,000			(122,157,000	)		10,874,593		(2,254,000	)		4,730,000

	Common Stock A					Common Stock B							Additional
	Par Value					Par Value							Paid-in			Accumulated			Treasury Stock
	Shares		$	0.0001		Shares			$	0.0001			Capital			Deficit			Shares		Amount			Total
Balance at June 30, 2022		488,225,673			49,000		15,641,463				2,000			129,090,000			(122,157,000	)		10,874,593		(2,254,000	)		4,730,000
Restricted common stock award issued to employee for services		97,323			-		-				-			-			-			-		-			-
Offering cost		-			-		-				-			(59,000	)		-			-		-			(59,000	)
Shares surrendered by Stockholder		-					(11,307,527	)			(1,000	)		1,000											-
Conversion of 260 preferred stock into 25,690,759 common stocks		25,690,759			2,000		-				-			327,000			-			-		-			329,000
Stock options issued to consultant for services		-			-		-				-			3,000			-			-		-			3,000
Stock options issued to director for services		-			-		-				-			161,000			-			-		-			161,000
Stock options issued to employee for services		-			-		-				-			39,000			-			-		-			39,000
Shares issued to employee for services		-			-		-				-			4,000			-			-		-			4,000
Net loss		-			-		-				-			-			(3,168,000	)		-		-			(3,168,000	)
Balance at June 30, 2023		514,013,755			51,000		4,333,936				1,000			129,566,000			(125,325,000	)		10,874,593		(2,254,000	)		2,039,000

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-4

INNOVATION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022

(Rounded to nearest thousand) 

	2023			2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$	(3,168,000	)	$	(7,041,000	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Patent write off		-			141,000
Stock based compensation		207,000			583,000
Amortization of patent costs		373,000			382,000
Gain on forgiveness of loans payable		-			(172,000	)
Change in fair value of preferred stock		-			177,000
Equity in loss from equity investment		172,000			22,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		29,000			350,000
Accounts payable		418,000			4,000
Accrued expenses		(19,000	)		(256,000	)
Accrued officers’ salaries and payroll taxes		50,000			(352,000	)
Operating lease liability		(197,000	)		(165,000	)
Accrued dividend		29,000			47,000
Net cash used in operating activities		(2,106,000	)		(6,280,000	)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Equity investment contribution		-			(4,000,000	)
Patent costs		(60,000	)		(80,000	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(60,000	)		(4,080,000	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from exercise of preferred stock warrants		-			4,983,000
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		-			23,000
Repayment of note payable to officer		(37,000	)		(1,033,000	)
Dividend paid to Preferred stockholders		(86,000	)		-
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(123,000	)		3,973,000
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH		(2,289,000	)		(6,387,000	)
CASH, BEGINNING OF YEAR		3,807,000			10,194,000
CASH, END OF YEAR	$	1,518,000		$	3,807,000
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for interest	$	12,000		$	59,000
Cash paid for income taxes	$	-		$	-
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH FLOW
INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Cancellation of 6,980,583 Class A shares for the purchase of 13,072,730 shares of Common Stock Class B	$	1,000		$	-
Conversion of Series B convertible preferred stock to Common stock	$	329,000		$	4,374,000

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-5

INNOVATION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022

1. Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations

Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. was incorporated on August 1, 2005 in the State of Nevada. Effective June 5, 2017, the Company amended its Articles of Incorporation and changed its name from Cellceutix Corporation to Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. On February 15, 2019, the Company formed IPIX Pharma Limited (“IPIX Pharma”), a wholly-owned subsidiary incorporated under the Companies Act 2014 of Ireland. IPIX Pharma is a Private Company Limited by Shares. The subsidiary is intended to serve as a key hub for strategic collaboration with European companies and medical communities in addition to providing cost-saving efficiencies and flexibility with respect to developing Brilacidin under European Medicines Agency standards.

The Company is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company. The Company’s common stock is quoted on the OTC Pink, symbol “IPIX.”

Basis of Consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc., a Nevada corporation, and our wholly-owned subsidiary, IPIX Pharma, an Ireland limited company. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. There was no translation gain and loss for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Nature of Operations - Overview

We are in the business of developing or licensing innovative small molecule therapies to treat diseases with significant medical need, particularly in the areas of inflammatory diseases, cancer, dermatology and anti-infectives. Our strategy is to maximize the value of our drug compound Brilacidin by advancing indications along the regulatory pathway as well as seeking additional health care-related investment opportunities with the aim of diversifying the Company’s assets. Ongoing activities include Brilacidin drug manufacturing, scientific report writing, and supportive research activities. The Company also acquired a non-controlling interest in BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd. (“BTL”), formerly known as Squalus Medical Ltd., a private company developing a novel image guided surgical laser platform. Management is focused on other avenues of business development, including, but not limited to, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, strategic investments, and licensing agreements, for the purpose of diversifying corporate assets. While no assurances are expressed or implied that any agreement will be consummated in the future, the Company is committed toward executing on opportunities at hand.

We currently own all development and marketing rights to our products, other than the license rights granted to Alfasigma S.p.A. in July 2019 for the development, manufacturing and commercialization of locally-administered Brilacidin for ulcerative proctitis/ulcerative proctosigmoiditis (“UP/UPS”). In order to successfully develop and market our products, we may have to partner with additional companies. Prospective partners may require that we grant them significant development and/or commercialization rights in return for agreeing to share the risk of development and/or commercialization.

2. Liquidity, Going Concern and Management’s Plan

Our financial statements were prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, the Company had a net loss of $3.2 million and negative cash flow from operations of $2.1 million. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has negative working capital of $3.4 million. As of June 30, 2023, the Company’s cash amounted to $1.5 million and current liabilities amounted to $5.0 million. The Company has expended substantial funds on its clinical trials and expects to continue our spending on research and development expenditures. We expect to incur further losses in the development of our business and have been dependent on funding operations from inception. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans include continuing to finance operations through the private or public placement of debt and/or equity securities and the reduction of expenditures. However, no assurance can be given at this time as to whether we will be able to achieve these objectives. The financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

3. Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include contract research accruals, recoverability of long-lived assets, valuation of equity grants and income tax valuation. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

F-6

Cash

Cash consists of bank deposits. There were no cash equivalents at June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Intangible Assets - Patents

Costs incurred to file patent applications and acquired intangibles are capitalized when the Company believes that there is a high likelihood that the patent will be issued and there will be future economic benefit associated with the patent. These costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over a 12 - 17 years life from the date of patent filing. All costs associated with abandoned patent applications are expensed. In addition, the Company will review the carrying value of patents for indicators of impairment on a periodic basis and if it determines that the carrying value is impaired, it values the patent at fair value. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, carrying value of patents was approximately $1,999,000 and $2,312,000, respectively. Amortization expense for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was approximately $373,000 and $382,000, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023, the Company expensed the costs associated with obtaining patents that have not yet resulted in products or gained market acceptance and the Company has or will let these patents go abandoned. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the patent expenses were insignificant.

In accordance with the provisions of the applicable authoritative guidance, the Company’s long-lived assets and amortizable intangible assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of such assets by determining whether their carrying value can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows, including its estimates of revenue driven by assumed market segment share and estimated costs. If impairment is indicated, the Company measures the amount of such impairment by comparing the fair value to the carrying value. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded patent write offs of approximately $0 and $141,000, respectively, and included them in general and administrative expenses.

Certain Risks and Uncertainties

Product Development

We devote significant resources to research and development programs in an effort to discover and develop potential future product candidates. The product candidates in our pipeline are at various stages of preclinical and clinical development. The path to regulatory approval includes three phases of clinical trials in which we collect data to support an application to regulatory authorities to allow us to market a product for treatment of a specified disease. There are many difficulties and uncertainties inherent in research and development of new products, resulting in a high rate of failure. To bring a drug from the discovery phase to regulatory approval, and ultimately to market, takes many years and significant cost. Failure can occur at any point in the process, including after the product is approved, based on post-market factors. New product candidates that appear promising in development may fail to reach the market or may have only limited commercial success because of efficacy or safety concerns, inability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals, limited scope of approved uses, reimbursement challenges, difficulty or excessive costs of manufacture, alternative therapies or infringement of the patents or intellectual property rights of others. Uncertainties in the FDA approval process and the approval processes in other countries can result in delays in product launches and lost market opportunities. Consequently, it is very difficult to predict which products will ultimately be submitted for approval, which have the highest likelihood of obtaining approval and which will be commercially viable and generate profits. Successful results in preclinical or clinical studies may not be an accurate predictor of the ultimate safety or effectiveness of a drug or product candidate.

Expenditures for research, development, and engineering of products are expensed as incurred. For the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred approximately $1.5 million and $4.8 million of research and development costs, respectively.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit and checking accounts that at times exceed federally insured limits of $250,000. Approximately $1.3 million is subject to credit risk at June 30, 2023. However, these cash balances are maintained at creditworthy financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk.

F-7

Commitments and Contingencies

The Company follows Subtopic 450-20 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) to report accounting for contingencies. Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed.

Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. The Company’s legal costs associated with contingent liabilities are recorded to expense as incurred.

Accrued Outsourcing Costs

Substantial portions of our preclinical studies and clinical trials are performed by third-party laboratories, medical centers, contract research organizations and other vendors, or collectively “CROs.” These CROs generally bill monthly or quarterly for services performed, or bill based upon milestone achievement. For preclinical studies, we accrue expenses based upon estimated percentage of work completed and the contract milestones remaining. For clinical studies, expenses are accrued based upon the number of patients enrolled and the duration of the study. We monitor patient enrollment, the progress of clinical studies and related activities to the extent possible through internal reviews of data reported to us by the CROs, correspondence with the CROs and clinical site visits. Our estimates depend on the timeliness and accuracy of the data provided by the CROs regarding the status of each program and total program spending. We periodically evaluate the estimates to determine if adjustments are necessary or appropriate based on information we receive.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities arise from temporary differences associated with differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as measured by the enacted tax rates, which are expected to be in effect when these differences reverse. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current, depending upon the classification of the asset or liabilities to which they relate. Deferred tax assets and liabilities not related to an asset or liability are classified as current or non-current depending on the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company has generated net losses since inception and accordingly has not recorded a provision for income taxes. The deferred tax assets were primarily comprised of federal and state tax net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards. Due to uncertainties surrounding the Company’s ability to generate future taxable income to realize these tax assets, a full valuation allowance has been established to offset the deferred tax assets. Additionally, the future utilization of the NOL carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to an annual limitation as a result of ownership changes that could occur in the future. If necessary, the deferred tax assets will be reduced by any carryforwards that expire prior to utilization as a result of such limitations, with a corresponding reduction of the valuation allowance.

The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC 740-10 “Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (ASC 740-10). The Company has not recognized a liability as a result of the implementation of ASC 740-10. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits has not been provided since there is no unrecognized benefit since the date of adoption. The Company has not recognized interest expense or penalties as a result of the implementation of ASC 740-10. If there were an unrecognized tax benefit, the Company would recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses.

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

Basic and diluted loss per share are computed based on the weighted-average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Except with respect to certain voting, conversion and transfer rights and as otherwise expressly provided in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation or required by applicable law, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock have the same rights and privileges and rank equally, share ratably and are identical in all respects as to all matters. Accordingly, basic and diluted net income (loss) per share are the same for both classes. Common share equivalents consist of stock options, restricted stock, warrants, convertible related party notes payable, and convertible preferred stock. Common share equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, because their effect was anti-dilutive.

F-8

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

	Year Ended
	June 30,
	2023			2022
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.01	)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Class A common stock		495,764,410			488,225,673
Class B common stock		10,003,189			15,641,463
Total weighted average shares outstanding		505,767,599			503,867,136
Antidilutive securities not included:
Stock options		7,778,269			8,268,269
Stock options arising from convertible note payable and accrued interest		457,467			508,448
Restricted stock grants		19,463			58,392
Convertible preferred stock		35,571,821			36,000,000
Total		43,827,020			44,835,109

Treasury Stock

The Company accounts for treasury stock using the cost method. The 10,874,593 treasury shares include 8,516,056 shares of Class A common stock and 2,358,537 shares of Class B common stock held in treasury, and they were purchased at a total cumulative cost of approximately $2.3 million as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 (see Note 15. Equity Transactions).

Treasury stock, representing shares of the Company’s common stock that have been acquired for payroll tax withholding on vested stock grants and to satisfy the exercise price on vested stock options, is recorded at its acquisition cost and these shares are not considered outstanding.

Revenue Recognition

The Company follows the guidance of accounting standard ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all the related amendments.

The Company has acquired and further developed license rights to Functional Intellectual Property (“functional IP”) that it licenses to customers for defined license periods. A functional IP license is a license to intellectual property that has significant standalone functionality that does not include supporting or maintaining the intellectual property during the license period. The Company’s patented drug formulas have significant standalone functionality in their abilities to treat a disease or condition. Further, there is no expectation that the Company will undertake any activities to change the functionality of the drug formulas during the license periods (see Note 8. Exclusive License Agreement and Patent Assignment Agreement).

Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

Pursuant to ASC 606, a customer is a party that has contracted with an entity to obtain goods or services that are an output of the entity’s ordinary activities in exchange for consideration.

To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps:

(i)	identify the contract(s) with a customer;
(ii)	identify the performance obligations in the contract, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract;
(iii)	determine the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration;
(iv)	allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
(v)	recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. If a promised good or service is not distinct, it is combined with other performance obligations. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

F-9

The terms of the Company’s licensing agreement include the following:

(i)	up-front fees;
(ii)	milestone payments related to the achievement of development, regulatory, or commercial goals; and
(iii)	royalties on net sales of licensed products.

License of Intellectual Property: If the license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable, up-front fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. If not distinct, the license is combined with other performance obligations in the contract. For licenses that are combined with other performance obligations, the Company assesses the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition.

Milestone Payments: At the inception of each arrangement that includes developmental and regulatory milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the achievement of each milestone specifically relates to the Company’s efforts to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service within a performance obligation. If the achievement of a milestone is considered a direct result of the Company’s efforts to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service and the receipt of the payment is based upon the achievement of the milestone, the associated milestone value is allocated to that distinct good or service. If the milestone payment is not specifically related to the Company’s effort to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service, the amount is allocated to all performance obligations using the relative standalone selling price method. The Company also evaluates the milestone to determine whether they are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price to be allocated, otherwise, such amounts are constrained and excluded from the transaction price. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of such development milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the transaction price. Any such adjustments to the transaction price are allocated to the performance obligations on the same basis as at contract inception. Amounts allocated to a satisfied performance obligation shall be recognized as revenue, or as a reduction of revenue, in the period in which the transaction price changes.

Royalties: For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company will recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied) in accordance with the royalty recognition constraint.

Accounting for Stock Based Compensation

The stock-based compensation expense incurred by the Company for employees, non-employees and directors in connection with its equity incentive plan is based on ASC 718, and the fair market value of the equity awards is measured at the grant date.

Awards with service-based vesting conditions only: Expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.

Awards with performance-based vesting conditions: Expense is not recognized until it is determined that it is probable the performance-based conditions will be met. When achievement of a performance-based condition is probable, a catch-up of expense will be recorded as if the award had been vesting on a straight-line basis from the award date. The award will continue to be expensed on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period basis until a higher performance-based condition is met, if applicable.

Awards with market-based vesting conditions: Expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the lesser of the derived service period or the explicit service period if one is present. However, if the market condition is satisfied prior to the end of the requisite service period, the Company will accelerate all remaining expense to be recognized.

Awards with both performance-based and market-based vesting conditions: If an award vesting or exercisability is conditional upon the achievement of either a market condition or performance or service conditions, the requisite service period is generally the shortest of the explicit, implicit, and derived service period.

F-10

We have elected to use the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options on the dates of grant. Restricted stock units are measured based on the fair market values of the underlying stock on the dates of grant. The grant date is also the valuation date for the non-employee awards. We recognize stock-based compensation using the straight-line method.

Investments

For those investments in common stock or in-substance common stock in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee, the investment is accounted for under the equity method. For those investments in which the Company does not have such significant influence, the Company applies the accounting guidance for certain investments in debt and equity securities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). This standard requires a financial asset to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The financial assets of the Company in scope of ASU 2016-13 will primarily be accounts receivable. The Company will estimate an allowance for expected credit losses on accounts receivable that result from the inability of customers to make required payments. In estimating the allowance for expected credit losses, consideration will be given to the current aging of receivables, historical experience, and a review for potential bad debts. The Company adopted this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 and it did not have an impact on its results of operations, financial position, and disclosures.

4. Equity Investment

BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd. (formerly known as Squalus Medical Ltd.)

On June 9, 2022, the Company entered into a Series A Preferred Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd. (formerly known as Squalus Medical Ltd.), a company established under the laws of the State of Israel (“BTL”), pursuant to which the Company purchased 55,556 shares of BTL’s Series A Redeemable Preferred Shares (the “Series A Shares”) and a warrant to purchase 27,778 Series A Shares for aggregate consideration of $4,000,000, or approximately $72.00 per Series A Share. Following the closing under the Purchase Agreement, the Company owns approximately 35.7% of BTL’s issued and outstanding equity securities and approximately 41.6% of BTL’s equity securities on a fully diluted basis. The Company also entered into customary investor rights and indemnification agreements with BTL. The Company therefore recorded an equity investment on our June 30, 2023 and 2022 consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s equity in losses in excess of its investment are accounted for under the equity method and consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 (rounded in nearest thousand):

	June 30,			June 30,
	2023			2022
BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd.
Ownership Interest		35.7	%		35.7	%
Carrying Amount
Total contributions	$	4,000,000		$	4,000,000
Less: Share of the loss in investment in BTL		(194,000	)		(22,000	)
Equity losses in excess of investment	$	3,806,000		$	3,978,000

The Company invested $4,000,000 in BTL as of June 30, 2023 and 2022. The cash balance in BTL at June 30, 2023 was approximately $0.6 million and the short-term time deposits in BTL at June 30, 2023 was approximately $2.7 million.

During the year ended June 30, 2023, BTL incurred a loss of approximately $481,000, and accordingly, the Company recorded its share of the loss in investment in BTL, in accordance with the provisions in the purchase agreement, of approximately $172,000 in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.  

During for the period from June 9, 2022 (date of acquisition) to June 30, 2022, BTL incurred a loss of approximately $63,000, and accordingly, the Company recorded its share of the loss in investment in BTL, in accordance with the provisions in the purchase agreement, of approximately $22,000 in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.

F-11

Summarized balance sheet information for the Company’s equity method investee BTL as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 is presented in the following table (rounded to nearest thousand):

	June 30,			June 30,
BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd.	2023			2022
Assets
Cash	$	575,000		$	3,850,000
Short term investment		2,694,000			—
Other current assets		144,000			1,000
Total current assets	$	3,413,000		$	3,851,000
Long-term assets		162,000			—
Total assets	$	3,575,000		$	3,851,000
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities	$	230,000		$	195,000
Long-term liabilities		101,000			—
Total liabilities	$	331,000		$	195,000
Equity
Equity	$	3,804,000		$	3,735,000
Accumulated deficits		(560,000	)		(79,000	)
Total equity		3,244,000			3,656,000
Total liabilities and equity	$	3,575,000		$	3,851,000

Summarized income statement information for the Company’s equity method investee BTL is presented in the following table for the period from June 9, 2022 (date of acquisition) to June 30, 2022 and for the year ended June 30, 2023 (rounded to nearest thousand):

				For the period
				From June 9, 2022
	For the Year Ended			(date of acquisition)
	June 30,			to June 30,
BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd.	2023			2022
Net sales and revenue	$	25,000		$	—
Research and development costs	$	533,000		$	7,000
Administrative expenses		100,000			55,000
Total operating expense		633,000			62,000
Loss from operations	$	(608,000	)	$	(62,000	)
Other income (expense)		127,000			(1,000	)
Net loss	$	(481,000	)	$	(63,000	)

5. Patents, net

Patents, net consisted of the following (rounded to nearest thousand):

	Useful life (years)		June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Purchased Patent Rights- Brilacidin and related compounds		14	$	4,082,000		$	4,082,000
Purchased Patent Rights-Anti-microbial- surfactants and related compounds		12		144,000			144,000
Patents - Kevetrin and related compounds		17		1,206,000			1,146,000
Total patents cost				5,432,000			5,372,000
Less: Accumulated amortization				(3,433,000	)		(3,060,000	)
Patents, net			$	1,999,000		$	2,312,000

The patents are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets, determined to be 12-17 years from the date of acquisition.

Amortization expense for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $373,000 and $382,000, respectively. The Company wrote off the patent costs relating to Kevetrin of approximately $141,000 during the fourth quarter of 2022 due to discontinuation of its Kevetrin program.

F-12

At June 30, 2023, the future amortization period for all patents was approximately 2.18 years to 16.75 years. Future estimated amortization expenses are approximately $372,000 for each year from 2024 to 2025, $362,000 for the year ending June 30, 2026, $360,000 for the year ending June 30, 2027 and a total of $533,000 for the year ending June 30, 2028 and thereafter.

6. Accrued Expenses - Related Parties and Other

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (rounded to nearest thousand):

	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Accrued research and development consulting fees	$	49,000	$	80,000
Accrued rent - related parties (Note 11. Related Party Transactions)		8,000		8,000
Accrued interest - related parties (Note 12. Convertible Note Payable - Related Party)		16,000		4,000
Total	$	73,000	$	92,000

7. Accrued Salaries and Payroll Taxes - Related Parties and Other

Accrued salaries and payroll taxes consisted of the following (rounded to nearest thousand):

	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Accrued salaries - related parties	$	1,543,000	$	1,492,000
Accrued payroll taxes - related parties		71,000		71,000
Withholding tax - payroll		76,000		77,000
Total	$	1,690,000	$	1,640,000

8. Exclusive License Agreement and Patent Assignment Agreement

On July 18, 2019, the Company entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with Alfasigma S.p.A., a global pharmaceutical company (“Alfasigma”), granting Alfasigma the worldwide right to develop, manufacture and commercialize locally-administered Brilacidin for the treatment of UP/UPS.

Under the terms of the License Agreement, Alfasigma made an initial upfront non-refundable payment of $0.4 million to the Company in July, 2019 and will make additional payments of up to $24.0 million to the Company based upon the achievement of certain milestones, including a $1.0 million payment due following commencement of the first Phase 3 clinical trial of Brilacidin for UP/UPS and an additional $1.0 million payment upon the filing of a marketing approval application with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency. At this time, Alfasigma has completed Phase 1 clinical research with Brilacidin. In addition to the milestones, Alfasigma will pay a royalty to the Company equal to six percent of net sales of Brilacidin for UP/UPS, subject to adjustment as provided in the License Agreement. The Company received an initial upfront non-refundable payment of $0.4 million and reported as revenue in July, 2019 and the Company did not receive any further milestone payment during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

On April 13, 2022, the Company entered a Patent Assignment Agreement with Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc. (“FCCDC”), pursuant to which the Company assigned the title, rights and interest in and to the applications of certain patents in accordance with an earlier collaborative research agreement related to antifungal drug discovery work to which the Company had rights.

On May 3, 2022, the Company received payment of $18,000 from FCCDC based on FCCDC’s third-party license of broad-spectrum anti-fungals and a separate agreement between the Company and FCCDC. Some of the preliminary data used in the FCCDC research program had been obtained as part of an earlier collaboration with the Company supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health.

On January 18, 2023, the Company was notified by FCCDC that its third-party license with Basilea Pharmaceutica for development of broad-spectrum antifungals was terminated by the licensee.

F-13

9. Operating Leases

Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Generally, the implicit rate of interest in arrangements is not readily determinable and the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be. The operating lease ROU asset includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our variable lease payments primarily consist of maintenance and other operating expenses from our real estate leases. Variable lease payments are excluded from the ROU assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. We have elected to account for these lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. We are also electing not to apply the recognition requirements to short-term leases of twelve months or less and instead will recognize lease payments as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company determined that the operating lease right-of-use asset was fully impaired on December 31, 2019. As such, the Company recognized an impairment loss of approximately $643,000, after recording amortization of the right-of-use asset for July, August, and September 2019 totaling approximately $27,000, resulting in a carrying value of $0 since December 31, 2019. The Company vacated the leased office space in December 2019, and in January 2020 the Company initiated a lawsuit against the lessor relating to an automatic extension of the lease for the office space and related matters (See Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies).

The components of lease expense and supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the year are as follows:

	Year Ended June 30, 2023
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost (included in general and administrative in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations)	$	26,000
Variable lease cost		12,000
	$	38,000
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for the year ended June 30, 2023	$	197,000
Weighted average remaining lease term – operating leases (in years)		0.25
Average discount rate – operating leases		18	%

The supplemental balance sheet information related to leases for the period is as follows:

	At June 30, 2023
Operating leases
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$	55,000
Long-term operating lease liabilities		—
Total operating lease liabilities	$	55,000

The following table provides maturities of the Company’s lease liabilities at June 30, 2024 as follows:

	Operating Leases
Fiscal Year Ending June 30,
2024 (remaining 3 months)	$	56,000
Total lease payments		56,000
Less: Imputed interest/present value discount		(1,000	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	55,000

Operating lease cost for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $26,000 and $59,000, respectively.

F-14

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

On January 22, 2020, the Company filed a complaint against Cummings Properties, LLC in the Superior Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (C.A. No. 20-77CV00101), seeking, among other things, declaratory relief that the lease terminated in September 2018, as the Company’s prior principal executive offices did not automatically extend for an additional five years, return of the Company’s security deposit, and damages. On August 29, 2023, the trial for this case commenced and as of September 28, 2023, this trial is ongoing. The Company is currently unable to determine the probability of the trial outcome or reasonably estimate the loss or gain, if any.

Contractual Commitments

The Company has total non-cancellable contractual minimum commitments of approximately $0.6 million to contract research organizations as of June 30, 2023. Expenses are recognized when services are performed by the contract research organizations.

Contingent Liability - Disputed Invoices

The Company accrued payroll to Dr. Krishna Menon, ex-President of Research of approximately $1,443,000 for his past services with the Company, and this amount was included in accrued salaries and payroll taxes (see Note 7. Accrued Salaries and Payroll Taxes). As described in Note 11. Related Party Transactions, the Company has a payable to Kard Scientific, Inc. (“KARD”) of approximately $1,486,000 for its research and development expenses and this amount was included in accounts payable. KARD is a company owned by Dr. Menon. Dr. Menon’s employment was terminated with the Company on September 18, 2018, and Dr. Menon resigned from the Company’s Board of Directors on December 11, 2018. Dr. Menon, on behalf of himself and KARD, demanded payment of these amounts in October 2019; however, the Company disputes the underlying basis for these amounts and notified Dr. Menon in November 2019 of the Company’s intent not to pay them.

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, all of the above disputed invoices were reflected as current liabilities.

11. Related Party Transactions

Pre-clinical Studies

The Company previously engaged KARD to conduct specified pre-clinical studies. The Company did not have an exclusive arrangement with KARD. All work performed by KARD needed prior approval by the executive officers of the Company, and the Company retained all intellectual property resulting from the services by KARD. The Company no longer uses KARD to conduct research study. At June 30, 2023 and 2022, the accrued research and development expenses payable to KARD was approximately $1,486,000 and this amount was included in accounts payable. Dr. Menon, the Company’s ex-principal shareholder and Director, on behalf of himself and KARD, demanded payment of these amounts in October 2019; however, the Company disputes the underlying basis for these amounts and notified Dr. Menon in November 2019 of the Company’s intent not to pay them.

Since September 1, 2013, the Company no longer leases space from KARD. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, rent payables to KARD of approximately $8,000, were included in accrued expenses.

12. Convertible Note Payable - Related Party

The Ehrlich Promissory Note C is an unsecured demand note with Mr. Ehrlich, the Company’s Chairman and CEO, that originated in 2010, bears 9% simple interest per annum and is convertible into the Company’s Class A common stock at $0.50 per share.

On December 29, 2010, the Company issued 18,000,000 Equity Incentive Options to purchase Class B common stock to Mr. Ehrlich, which are exercisable at $0.11 per share. On May 8, 2012, the Company did not have the ability to repay the Ehrlich Promissory Note C loan of approximately $2,022,000 and agreed to change the interest rate from 9% simple interest to 10% simple interest, and the Company issued 2,000,000 Equity Incentive Options exercisable at $0.51 per share equal to 110% of the closing bid price of $0.46 per share on May 7, 2012. All these stock options were valid for ten years from the date of issuance and expired in May, 2022.

During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company repaid the principal of $37,000 and $1,033,000, respectively to Mr. Ehrlich. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the principal balance of this convertible note payable to Mr. Ehrlich was approximately $213,000 and $250,000, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the balance of accrued interest payable was $16,000 and $4,000, respectively (see Note 6. Accrued Expenses - Related Parties and Other).

F-15

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the total outstanding balances of principal and interest were approximately $229,000 and $254,000, respectively.

13. Loan payable

On May 10, 2020 and April 19, 2021, the Company received loan proceeds in the amount of approximately $93,000 and $79,000, respectively, under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) and it was recorded under loan payable. The PPP, established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), provides for loans to qualifying businesses for amounts up to 2.5 times of the average monthly payroll expenses of the qualifying business. The loans and accrued interest are forgivable after eight weeks as long as the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and maintains its payroll levels. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if the borrower terminates employees or reduces salaries during the eight-week period.

During the year ended June 30, 2022, the Company obtained the approval of the forgiveness of the above mentioned two loans, and the Company recorded the total loan forgiveness of $172,000 under other income.

14. Equity Incentive Plans, Stock-Based Compensation, Exercise of Stock Options and Warrants Outstanding

Stock-based Compensation - Stock Options

2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”)

On June 30, 2016, the Board of Directors adopted the Company’s 2016 Plan. The 2016 Plan became effective upon adoption by the Board of Directors on June 30, 2016.

On February 23, 2020, the Board of Directors approved an amendment to Section 4.1 of the 2016 Plan to increase the annual limit on the number of awards under such Plan to outside directors from 250,000 to 1,500,000. 

On October 10, 2021, the Board of Directors approved amendments to the 2016 Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock available for issuance thereunder to 225,000,000 shares and to increase the annual limit on the number of awards under such Plan to outside directors from 1,500,000 to 5,000,000, among other changes. 

Up to 225,000,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock may be issued under the 2016 Plan (subject to adjustment as described in the 2016 Plan). 

Stock Options

The fair value of stock options granted during the year ended June 30, 2022 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton Model that uses assumptions noted in the following table. There was no option grant during the year ended June 30, 2023.

	Year ended June 30,
	2022
Expected term (in years)	5-10
Expected stock price volatility		80.84% to 112.37	%
Risk-free interest rate		0.69% to 1.61	%
Expected dividend yield		0

The components of stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s Statements of Operations for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (rounded to nearest thousand):

	Years ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Research and development expenses	$	46,000	$	160,000
General and administrative expenses		161,000		423,000
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	207,000	$	583,000

F-16

During the year ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

Directors and Employee

On October 10, 2021, the Compensation Committee approved the issuance of 1 million stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock each to 2 independent directors of the Company, and 1 million stock options to purchase shares of Company’s common stock to Mr. Ehrlich, the CEO, which are exercisable for 10 years at $0.24 per share of common stock. These 3 million stock options with 1 year vesting period were valued at approximately $585,000. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded approximately $161,000 and $423,000 of stock-based compensation costs, respectively. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model are disclosed above.

On October 10, 2021, the Company also issued to Ms. Jane Harness, the Senior Vice President, Clinical Sciences and Portfolio Management of the Company, 500,000 stock options to purchase common stock, which are exercisable for 10 years at $0.24 per share of common stock. These stock options with 1 year vesting period were valued at approximately $98,000. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded approximately $27,000 and $71,000 of related stock-based compensation cost, respectively. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model are disclosed above.

On September 11, 2020, the Company issued to Ms. Harness 58,394 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company also issued 172,987 stock options to purchase common stock. These stock options with 3 years vesting period were valued at approximately $33,000 and these 58,394 shares of the Company’s common stock were valued at approximately $13,000, based on the closing bid price as quoted on the OTC on September 11, 2020 at $0.22 per share. During the years ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded approximately $15,000 of stock-based compensation expense in connection with the foregoing equity awards, including approximately $11,000 of stock option expense and $4,000 of stock awards. During the years ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded approximately $15,000 of stock-based compensation expense in connection with the foregoing equity awards, including approximately $11,000 of stock option expense and $4,000 of stock awards.

On September 1, 2019, the Company issued to Ms. Harness 58,394 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company also issued 172,987 stock options to purchase common stock. These stock options with 3 years vesting period were valued at approximately $20,000, based on the closing bid price as quoted on the OTC on August 30, 2019 at $0.132 per share. During the years ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded approximately $1,000 of stock-based compensation expense in connection with the foregoing equity awards, including approximately $1,000 of stock option expense. During the years ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded approximately $9,000 of stock-based compensation expense in connection with the foregoing equity awards, including approximately $6,000 of stock option expense and $3,000 of stock awards.

Consultants

On January 1, 2022, the Company agreed to issue stock options to purchase 75,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to one consultant for his one-year contract. These stock options were issued with an exercise price of $0.044 per share and vest 33 1/3% on January 1, 2022, 33 1/3% on July 1, 2022 and 33 1/3% on January 1, 2023. The value of these stock options was approximately $3,000. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded approximately $1,000 and $2,000 of related stock-based compensation. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model are disclosed above.

On July 30, 2021, the Company agreed to issue stock options to purchase 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to one consultant for his one-year contract. These stock options were issued with an exercise price of $0.27 per share and vest 33 1/3% on July 30, 2021, 33 1/3% on January 30, 2022, and 33 1/3% on July 30, 2022. The value of these stock options was approximately $19,000. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded approximately $2,000 and $18,000 of related stock-based compensation, respectively. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model are disclosed above.

On July 1, 2021, the Company agreed to issue stock options to purchase 225,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to one consultant for his one-year contract. These stock options were issued with an exercise price of $0.21 per share and vest 33 1/3% on July 1, 2021, 33 1/3% on January 1, 2022, and 33 1/3% on July 1, 2022. The value of these stock options was approximately $33,000. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $0 and approximately $32,000 of related stock-based compensation, respectively. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model are disclosed above.

Exercise of Stock Options

There was no exercise of stock options to purchase Class B common stock during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. During the year ended June 30, 2022, the Company received approximately $23,000 of net proceeds from the exercise of 166,666 stock options to purchase Class A common stock at $0.14 per share.

Forfeiture of Stock Options

There was forfeiture of 490,000 stock options and 2,245,000 stock options to purchase Class A common stock during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, relating to the expiry of stock options of consultants.

F-17

Stock Options Issued and Outstanding

The following table summarizes all stock option activity under the Company’s equity incentive plans: 

	Number of Stock Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at June 30, 2021		6,779,935		$	0.35		4.45	$	345,923
Granted		3,900,000		$	0.24		8.75		—
Exercised		(166,666	)	$	0.14		—		—
Forfeited/expired		(2,245,000	)	$	0.54		—		—
Outstanding at June 30, 2022		8,268,269		$	0.25		6.91	$	—
Granted		—		$	—		—		—
Exercised		—		$	—		—		—
Forfeited/expired		(490,000	)	$	0.50		—		—
Outstanding at June 30, 2023		7,778,269		$	0.23		6.31	$	—
Exercisable at June 30, 2023		7,720,607		$	0.23		6.30	$	—
Unvested stock options at June 30, 2023		57,662		$	0.22		7.21	$	—

Restricted Stock Awards Outstanding

The following summarizes our restricted stock activity:  

				Weighted
				Average
	Number of			Grant Date
	Shares			Fair Value
Total awards outstanding at June 30, 2021		116,786		$	0.22
Total shares granted		—		$	—
Total shares vested		(58,394	)	$	0.25
Total shares forfeited		—		$	—
Total unvested shares outstanding at June 30, 2022		58,392		$	0.19
Total shares granted		—		$	—
Total shares vested		(38,928	)	$	0.18
Total shares forfeited		—		$	—
Total unvested shares outstanding at June 30, 2023		19,464		$	0.22

Scheduled vesting for outstanding restricted stock awards at June 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Year Ending June 30,
	2024		Total
Scheduled vesting		19,464		19,464

As of June 30, 2023, there was approximately $1,000 of net unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock-based compensation arrangements. This compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis resulting in approximately $1,000 of compensation expected to be expensed over the next twelve months, and the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense having a weighted average recognition period of 0.2 years.

15. Equity Transactions

$30 million Class A Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Aspire Capital

On July 31, 2020, the Company entered into the 2020 Stock Purchase Agreement (the “2020 Purchase Agreement”) with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC (“Aspire Capital”) which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, Aspire Capital was committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $30.0 million of the Company’s common stock over the 24-month term of the Agreement. In consideration for entering into the 2020 Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to Aspire Capital 6,250,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock as a commitment fee. The commitment fee of approximately $1.4 million was recorded as deferred financing costs and additional paid-in capital and this asset was be amortized over the life of the 2020 Purchase Agreement. All deferred offering costs were fully amortized on July 31, 2022 (date of expiration of the agreement).

F-18

During the period from July 1, 2022 to July 31, 2022 (date of expiration of the agreement), the Company did not sell any shares to Aspire Capital. During the period from July 31, 2020 to June 30, 2022, the Company generated proceeds of approximately $4.6 million under the 2020 Purchase Agreement with Aspire Capital from the sale of approximately 22.5 million shares of its common stock.

Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock (“2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock”)

On December 4, 2020, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Series B-2 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with KIPS Bay Select LP for the sale of an aggregate of 5,089 shares of the Company’s Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock (the “Series B-2 preferred stock”), for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $5.0 million. An initial closing for the sale of 3,053 shares of the Series B-2 preferred stock closed on December 9, 2020 for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $3.0 million, and a second closing for the sale of 2,036 shares of the Series B-2 preferred stock closed on February 8, 2021 for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $2.0 million. Under the Series B-2 Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company also issued to the investors warrants to purchase up to an additional 10,178 shares of preferred stock.

The Series B-2 preferred stock is mandatorily redeemable under certain circumstances and, as such, is presented as a liability on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has elected to measure the value of its preferred stock using the fair value method with offsetting discounts associated with the fair value allocated to the warrants and for the intrinsic value attributed to the beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”). The fair value of the Series B-2 preferred stock (without the warrants) will be assessed at each subsequent reporting date with changes in fair value recorded in the profit and loss as a separate line item below the “loss from operations” section (See ASC 480-10-35-5).

The warrants issued in connection with the Series B-2 preferred stock are deemed to be free standing equity instruments and are recorded in permanent equity under additional paid in capital, based on a relative fair value allocation of proceeds, that is the warrants’ relative fair value to the Series B-2 preferred stock fair value (without the warrants), with an offsetting discount to the Series B-2 preferred stock. Given that the Series B-2 preferred stock is convertible at any time under these features, the underlying warrant discounts were accreted upon issuance and recorded as interest, resulting in no remaining discount to the Series B-2 preferred stock liability after the issuance.

The Company recorded the December 9, 2020 issuance of 3,053 shares Series B-2 Preferred Stock at approximately $2.1 million and the underlying Series 1 and Series 2 warrants at approximately $0.9 million in total by allocating the gross proceeds to Series B-2 preferred stock (without the warrants) and warrants based on their relative fair values or direct valuation as appropriate. The Company recorded BCF of approximately $1.8 million associated with the issuance of the 3,053 shares of Series B-2 preferred stock to additional paid-in capital. The Company then recorded interest of approximately $2.7 million for the BCF and warrant discounts as a first day interest given that the Series B-2 convertible preferred shares can be converted at any time to common stock and given no set term.

The issuance costs associated with the Series B-2 preferred stock transaction were attributed to the Series B-2 preferred stock (without the warrants) and to the Series 1 and Series 2 warrants based on their relative fair values. The issuance costs attributed to the warrants of approximately $10,000 were reflected as a reduction to additional paid-in capital. The issuances costs associated with the Series B-2 preferred stock liability of $25,000 was recorded immediately as an element of interest cost, which are reflected in interest expense - preferred stock on December 11, 2020.

The Company recorded the February 8, 2021 issuance of 2,036 shares Series B-2 Preferred Stock at approximately $1.5 million and the underlying Series 1 and Series 2 warrants at approximately $0.5 million in total by allocating the gross proceeds to Series B-2 preferred stock (without the warrants) and warrants based on their relative fair values or direct valuation as appropriate. The Company recorded BCF of approximately $1.5 million associated with the issuance of the 2,036 shares of Series B-2 preferred stock to additional paid-in capital. The Company then recorded interest of approximately $2.0 million for the BCF and warrant discounts as a first day interest given that the Series B-2 convertible preferred shares can be converted at any time to common stock and given no set term.

Underlying Series B-2 preferred stock dividends, paid quarterly, was accrued as interest (given the liability classification of the Series B-2 preferred stock) on a daily basis given fixed dividend terms under the Series B-2 preferred stock. The 5% accrued dividend is reported in interest expense-preferred stock in the consolidated statements of operation. The Company accrued 5% accrued dividend of $29,000 and $47,000 during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The unpaid accrued dividends of $5,000 and $62,000 was included under current liability as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

F-19

Terms of the 2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock

The rights and preferences of the preferred stock are set forth in a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B-2 5% Convertible Preferred Stock filed with the Nevada Secretary of State on December 4, 2020 (the “Certificate of Designation”). Each share of preferred stock has an initial stated value of $1,080 and may be converted at any time at the holder’s option into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price equal of the lower of (i) $0.35 until August 15, 2021 and $0.50 thereafter, and (ii) 85% of the lowest volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock on a trading day during the ten trading days prior to and ending on, and including, the conversion date. The conversion price may be adjusted following certain triggering events and subsequent equity sales and is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalization or similar events affecting the Company’s common stock.

The holders of the preferred stock are limited in the amount of stated value of the preferred stock they can convert on any trading day. The conversion cap limits conversions by the holders to the greater of $75,000 and an amount equal to 30% of the aggregate dollar trading volume of the Company’s common stock for the five trading days immediately preceding, and including, the conversion date. However, the conversion cap will be increased if the trading volume in the first 30 minutes of any trading session exceeds certain trailing average daily volume amounts. In addition, the holders of the preferred stock may not convert shares of preferred stock if, after giving effect to the conversion, a holder together with its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock.

Redemption Rights

Following 90 days after the scheduled date for the second closing date, the Company may elect to redeem the preferred stock for 120% of the aggregate stated value then outstanding, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends and all liquidated damages and other amounts due in respect of the preferred stock. The Company’s right to redeem the preferred stock is contingent upon it having complied with a number of conditions, including compliance with its obligations under the Certificate of Designation. Shares of preferred stock generally have no voting rights, except as required by law and except that the Company shall not take certain actions without the consent of the holders of the preferred stock.

2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock warrants

Each share of preferred stock was sold together with two warrants: (i) a Series 1 warrant, which entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of preferred stock at $982.50 per share, or 5,089 shares of preferred stock in the aggregate for approximately $5.0 million in aggregate exercise price, for a period of up to 18 months following issuance, and (ii) a Series 2 warrant, which entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of preferred stock at $982.50 per share, or 5,089 shares of preferred stock in the aggregate for approximately $5.0 million in aggregate exercise price, for a period of up to 24 months following issuance.

Subject to the satisfaction of certain circumstances, the Company may call for cancellation any or all of the warrants following 90 days after their issuance, for a payment in cash equal to 8% of the aggregate exercise price of the warrants being called. The warrants subject to any such call notice will be cancelled 10 days following the Company’s payment of the call fee, provided that the warrant holders have not exercised the warrants prior to cancellation.

Exercise of 2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock warrants

During the year ended June 30, 2023, there was no exercise of warrants because all warrants were exercised since November 4, 2021.

During the year ended June 30, 2022, the Company issued 5,072 shares of its Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $5.0 million, upon exercise of 3,036 Series 1 warrants and exercise of 2,036 Series 2 warrants issued by the Company. With regard to the exercise of these 5,072 warrants, the Company recorded gross proceeds of approximately $5.0 million to the preferred stock liability.

Conversion of 2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock to common stock

During the year ended June 30, 2023, the 2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stockholder converted a total of 260 shares of Series B-2 preferred stock into a total of approximately 25,690,759 shares of common stock. With regard to conversions, the Company reversed Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock liability relating to the conversion and recorded $0.3 million as additional paid-in capital at par value. The Company reversed the amount of approximately $0.3 million based on the proportion of Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock converted relative to the original total issued.

During the year ended June 30, 2022, the 2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stockholder converted a total of 4,452 shares of Series B-2 preferred stock into a total of approximately 69,901,865 shares of common stock. With regard to conversions, the Company reversed Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock liability relating to the conversion and recorded $4.4 million as Additional paid-in capital at par value. The Company reversed the amount of approximately $4.4 million based on the proportion of Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock converted relative to the original total issued.

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock liability was approximately $0.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

F-20

The fair value of the Series B convertible preferred stock is measured in accordance with ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurement,” using option pricing methodologies, incorporating the following inputs:

	June 30, 2022
Expected dividend yield		5	%
Expected stock-price volatility		60	%
Risk-free interest rate		2.92	%
Stock price	$	0.03
Exercise price	$	982.5

Treasury Stock

All treasury stock, representing shares of the Company’s common stock that have been acquired for payroll tax withholding on vested stock grants and to satisfy the exercise price on vested stock options, is recorded at its acquisition cost and these shares are not considered outstanding.

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had the total of 10,874,593 treasury shares, representing 8,516,056 shares of Class A common stock and 2,358,537 shares of Class B common stock held in treasury, and they were purchased at a total cumulative cost of approximately $2.3 million as of as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Surrender of Shares

On December 29, 2022, Mr. Ehrlich entered into a Share Surrender Agreement with the Company pursuant to which Mr. Ehrlich permanently surrendered all legal right, title, and interest in 11,307,527 shares of Class B common stock to the Company and relinquished all rights in such shares, free and clear of any liens, mortgages, adverse claims, charges, security interests, encumbrances, any interest of any third party, or other restrictions or limitations whatsoever of any kind. Mr. Ehrlich received no consideration from the Company or any other party in connection with the surrender. Mr. Ehrlich effected the Surrender solely for his individual tax planning purposes. These 11,307,527 shares of Class B common stock were retired and returned to Class B common stock on the same day.

16. Fair Value Measurements

We disclose and recognize the fair value of our assets and liabilities using a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date;

Level 2: Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data.

Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and preferred stock liability. At June 30, 2023 and 2022, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximated fair value due to their short-term maturities.

The Company has elected to measure its preferred stock using the fair value method. The fair value of the preferred stock is the estimated amount that would be paid to redeem the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company calculates the fair value of the Series B-2 Preferred stock using a lattice model that takes into consideration the future redemption value on the instrument, which is tied to the Company’s stock price.

These valuations are considered to be Level 3 fair value measurements as the significant inputs are unobservable and require significant management judgment or estimation. Considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the Company’s estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company, or holders of the instruments, could realize in a current market exchange. Significant assumptions used in the fair value models include: the estimates of the redemption dates; credit spreads; dividend payments; and the market price of the Company’s common stock. The use of different assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair values.

F-21

The table below sets forth a reconciliation of the Company’s beginning and ending Level 3 Series B-2 preferred stock liability balance for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

	FY 2023
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	—
Exercise of Series 1 and 2 warrants		4,983,000
Conversion of Series B-2 preferred stock to common stock		(4,374,000	)
Change in fair value of Series B-2 preferred stock (1)		177,000
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	786,000
Conversion of Series B-2 preferred stock to common stock		(329,000	)
Change in fair value of Series B-2 preferred stock (1)		—
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	457,000

(1)	Change in fair value of preferred stock is reported in interest expense-preferred stock.
(2)	The 5% accrued dividend is reported in interest expense-preferred stock in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company accrued 5% accrued dividend of $29,000 and $47,000 during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The unpaid accrued dividends of $5,000 and $62,000 was included under current liability as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

17. Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the book values and the tax bases of particular assets and liabilities and the tax effects of net operating loss and capital loss carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in the tax rate is recognized as income or expense in the period that included the enactment date.

The Company has a net operating loss carry-forward for federal and state tax purposes of approximately $107.8 million at June 30, 2023, that is potentially available to offset future taxable income. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) changes the rules on net operating loss (NOL) carry-forwards. The 20-year limitation was eliminated for losses incurred after January 1, 2018, giving the taxpayer the ability to carry forward losses indefinitely. However, NOL carry forward arising after January 1, 2018, will now be limited to 80% of taxable income. The $107.8 million available at June 30, 2023 includes $53.0 million of post 2017 NOLs without expiration dates and $54.8 million of pre-2018 NOLs expiring from 2024 to 2037. Given the Company’s projections of taxable income for the years between 2024 and 2037, it’s likely these NOLs will expire unused.

The income tax provision benefit differs from the amount of tax determined by applying the Federal and States statutory rates as follows:  

	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Book income at federal statutory rate		21.00	%		21.00	%
State income tax, net of federal tax benefit		6.32	%		6.32	%
Change in valuation allowance		(17.76	)%		(39.84	)%
Research and development credit		—	%		12.42	%
Permanent difference		—	%		—	%
Change in Federal Statutory Rate		—	%		—	%
Others - net		(9.56	)%		0.10	%
Total		0.00	%		0.00	%

There was no current or deferred provision or benefit for income taxes for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The components of deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (rounded to nearest thousand):

	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carry forwards	$	29,863,962		$	28,888,330
Accrued payroll		394,091			806,829
Stock compensation		2,943,278			2,943,278
General business credit		6,068,138			6,068,138
Other		99,761			99,761
	$	39,369,230		$	38,806,336
Valuation allowance		(39,369,230	)		(38,806,336	)
Total deferred taxes	$	—		$	—

18. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated events subsequent to June 30, 2023 through the issuance of these consolidated financial statements and determined that there were no additional events requiring disclosure.

F-22

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

There have been no changes in or disagreements with the Company’s accountants on accounting and financial disclosure.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of June 30, 2023, management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based on such evaluation, as of June 30, 2023, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the Company have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023 as described below.

Notwithstanding the conclusion that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2023, management believes that the Company’s consolidated financial statements and other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K present fairly, in all material respects, our business, financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, management is required to assess the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year and report, based on that assessment, whether the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance as to the reliability of the Company’s financial reporting and the preparation of external financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Internal controls over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, internal control over financial reporting, even if determined to be effective, can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The Company’s management has assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023. In making this assessment, the Company used the criteria established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013).” These criteria are in the areas of control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring. The Company’s assessment included extensive documenting, evaluating and testing the design and operating effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting.

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Based on the Company’s processes and assessment, as described above, management has concluded that, as of June 30, 2023, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective due to the material weakness described below.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Material Weakness and Remediation Plan

As a result of the assessment described above, management concluded that the Company’s accounting procedures relevant to an unconsolidated foreign investment are not sufficiently formal that management can determine whether the applicable control objectives are met and adequate documentation supporting the procedures is in place. Specifically, the Company does not have sufficient controls to conclude that data from the unconsolidated foreign investee underlying the Company’s financial statements is captured completely, accurately and timely, in accordance with the Company’s policies and procedures. This material weakness could result in a misstatement of the recorded equity investment as well as the equity in loss from equity investment that would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Management intends to enhance the Company’s internal control environment by refining policies and procedures applicable to the unconsolidated foreign investment, which may include (subject to securing adequate financial resources through) the use of qualified consultants to assist the Company in addressing the design, operation and testing of such policies and procedures.

Changes in Internal Controls

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

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PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE; COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 16(a) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT

DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY

The following provides information regarding current members of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”), which consists of three members, and the Company’s executive officers. Each director is elected for a term ending at the next annual meeting of stockholders or until his or her successor is elected and qualified. Our executive officers are appointed by, and serve at the discretion of, the Board.

Name	Age	Position with the Company	Director Since
Leo Ehrlich	65	Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Director	November 2007
Barry Schechter	59	Director	October 2014
Zorik Spektor	66	Director	April 2015
Jane Harness	54	Sr. Vice President, Clinical Sciences and Portfolio Management	-

Leo Ehrlich, has served as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer since November 5, 2010. Previously, he served as Chief Financial Officer of Cellceutix Pharma since its inception in June 2007. Mr. Ehrlich previously practiced as a Certified Public Accountant and received his BBA from Bernard Baruch College of the City University of New York.

The Board has determined that Mr. Ehrlich’s extensive knowledge of the Company, financial and industry knowledge and executive management experience make him a suitable member of the Company’s Board of Directors.

Barry Schechter, M.D., F.A.A.O., joined the Board on October 1, 2014 as an independent member. Dr. Schechter has been the Director of Department of Cornea and External Disease at Florida Eye Microsurgical Institute since 2005. Dr. Schechter’s practice involves diseases of the ocular surface including dry eyes, allergies, infection, the latest in corneal, refractive, and cataract surgery, and glaucoma. In addition, Dr. Schechter is an expert consultant for Gerson Lehrman and Guidepoint Global regarding the business and technology of eye care and consults for several ophthalmic pharmaceutical companies. He is on the executive committee and heads the Scientific advisory board for Aperta Biosciences. He is the Medical Director for Amniochor. He is also on the editorial board for Advanced Ocular Care, a journal that reaches the top 10% of ophthalmologists and select optometrists. Dr. Schechter has reviewed articles for Cornea, the British Journal of Ophthalmology, and the Journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. He has lectured internationally and published on the subjects of treatment of ocular tumors, lens implants and dry eyes. Dr. Schechter has also written a textbook chapter on surgical techniques. Dr. Schechter is involved in clinical research.

The Board has determined that Dr. Schechter’s extensive medical knowledge and consulting work make him a suitable member of the Company’s Board of Directors.

Zorik Spektor, M.D., F.A.A.P. was appointed as an independent member of the Board in April 2015. Dr. Spektor is a fellowship trained Pediatric Otolaryngologist and Head and Neck Surgeon and has been the Director of The Center for Pediatric ENT - Head and Neck Surgery in Boynton Beach, Florida since 1995. In addition, he is a Voluntary Assistant Professor of Surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, and an Affiliate Clinical Assistant Professor of Biomedical Science at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida. Dr. Spektor received his Bachelor’s Degree from Cornell University, and his Medical Doctorate at Albany Medical College of Union University in Albany, New York. Following Dr. Spektor’s completion of his residency training in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Connecticut, he completed his fellowship in Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery at LeBonheur Children’s Medical Center in Memphis, Tennessee. Dr. Spektor is board certified in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery and American Academy of Pediatrics. He is also a member of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology and Society for Ear, Nose & Throat Advances in Children.

Prior to establishing the Center for Pediatric ENT - Head and Neck Surgery in 1995, Dr. Spektor was on the faculty of the University of Connecticut Health Science Center, Hartford Hospital and Newington Children’s Hospital, now known as Connecticut Children’s Hospital. He has lectured and presented extensively in the field of pediatric otolaryngology, and has authored numerous peer-reviewed publications. Dr. Spektor has been a presenter as well as an invited speaker at local, national and international conferences. He continually conducts clinical research studies, which have produced significant advances in the field of otolaryngology and pediatric otolaryngology. During the past decade he has been selected as one of the nation’s top doctors by several independent rating agencies for many consecutive years. Dr. Spektor has served on advisory boards for several medical device and pharmaceutical companies and has been involved in significant advances in the field of otolaryngology and Pediatric Otolaryngology.

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The Board has determined that Dr. Spektor’s extensive medical knowledge, research experience and broad industry exposure make him a suitable member of the Company’s Board of Directors.

Jane Harness, MP, MS is Senior Vice President, Clinical Sciences and Portfolio Management and joined the Company on September 1, 2016. Ms. Harness has over 20 years in domestic and international clinical drug development experience. Before joining the Company, she served as Vice President, Clinical Operations, at Revance Therapeutics in 2015 and as Head of Clinical Sciences, Dermatology and ATI Translational Research, at Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research from 2010 to 2014. Before joining Novartis, Ms. Harness held the following notable positions at Pfizer over the prior 15 years: Global Clinical Lead, Inflammation and Immunology, Early Clinical Lead, Dermatology, and Clinical Trial Head and Process Improvement Lead, Experimental Medicine. Ms. Harness received a BS and MP (Protein Biochemistry) degree from University of Leicester, and a MS (Clinical Pharmacology) from University of Aberdeen.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Board and Committees of the Board

The Company is governed by the Board, which currently consists of three members: Mr. Leo Ehrlich, Dr. Barry Schechter, and Dr. Zorik Spektor. The Board has established three committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee. Each of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee is comprised entirely of independent directors. The Board has adopted written charters for each of its committees which are available on the Company’s website at http://www.ipharminc.com. Copies of the charters are available on the Company’s website. Printed copies of these charters may be obtained, without charge, by contacting the Corporate Secretary, Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc., 301 Edgewater Place - Suite 100, Wakefield, MA 01880. All directors are encouraged to attend meetings of stockholders, either in person or remotely, absent an unavoidable and irreconcilable conflict. Each director attended at least 75% of the aggregate number of Board meetings and the number of meetings held by all of the committees on which he served.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee met once during fiscal year 2023. The Audit Committee consists of Dr. Barry Schechter and Dr. Zorik Spektor, each of whom is “independent” as that term is defined under the Nasdaq Listing Rules. No member of the Audit Committee qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined by applicable SEC rules. The Company has not appointed an “audit committee financial expert” to the Audit Committee in light of the Company’s limited financial resources and the fees and expenses associated with finding and appointing an “audit committee financial expert,” and the relative simplicity of the Company’s financial statements.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee did not meet during in fiscal 2023. The Compensation Committee consists of Dr. Barry Schechter and Dr. Zorik Spektor, each of whom is “independent” as that term is defined under the Nasdaq Listing Rules. The Compensation Committee assists the Board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure of our directors and executive officers, including all forms of compensation to be provided to our directors and executive officers. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things:

· approving and overseeing the compensation package for our executive officers;

· reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to the compensation of our directors; and

· reviewing periodically and making recommendations to the Board regarding any long-term incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements, annual bonuses, employee pension and welfare benefit plans.

Under its charter, the Compensation Committee has sole authority to retain and terminate outside counsel, compensation consultants for the purpose of assisting the Compensation Committee in determining the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer or senior executive officers, or other experts or consultants, in each case, as it deems appropriate and including sole authority to approve such parties’ fees and other retention terms. The Compensation Committee may also form and delegate authority to subcommittees and may delegate authority to one or more designated members of the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee may from time to time seek recommendations from the executive officers of the Company regarding matters under the purview of the Compensation Committee, though the authority to act on such recommendation rests solely with the Compensation Committee.

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Nominating and Governance Committee

The Nominating and Governance Committee did not hold any meetings in fiscal 2023. Our Nominating and Governance Committee consists of Dr. Barry Schechter and Dr. Zorik Spektor, each of whom is “independent” as that term is defined under the Nasdaq Listing Rules. The Nominating and Governance Committee assists the Board of Directors in identifying individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the Board and its committees.

Qualifications for Directors

Directors are responsible for overseeing the Company’s business consistent with their fiduciary duty to stockholders. The Board believes that there are general requirements for service on the Board that are applicable to all directors and that there are other skills and experience that should be represented on the Board as a whole but not necessarily by each director. The Board and the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board consider the qualifications of directors and director candidates individually and in the broader context of the Board’s overall composition and the Company’s current and future needs.

In its assessment of each potential candidate, including those recommended by stockholders, the Nominating and Governance Committee considers the nominee’s judgment, integrity, experience, independence, understanding of the Company’s business or other related industries and such other factors the Nominating and Governance Committee determines are pertinent in light of the current needs of the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee also takes into account the ability of a director to devote the time and effort necessary to fulfil his or her responsibilities to the Company.

The Board and the Nominating and Governance Committee require that each director be a recognized person of high integrity with a proven record of success in his or her field. In addition to the qualifications required of all directors, the Board assesses intangible qualities including the individual’s ability to ask difficult questions and, simultaneously, to work collegially.

The Board does not have a specific diversity policy, but considers diversity of race, ethnicity, gender, age, cultural background and professional experiences in evaluating candidates for Board membership.

Stockholder Nominations

The Nominating and Governance Committee does not have a specific policy with regard to the consideration of candidates recommended by stockholders; however, any nominees proposed by our stockholders will be considered on the same basis as nominees proposed by the Board. If a stockholder wants to submit a candidate for consideration to the Board, that stockholder may submit his or her proposal to our Corporate Secretary:

·	by sending a written request by mail to:
	Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. 301 Edgewater Place - Suite 100 Wakefield, MA 01880 Attention: Corporate Secretary
·	by calling our Corporate Secretary, at (978) 921-4125.

Code of Ethics

The Board has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to the Company’s directors, officers and employees. A copy of this policy is available via our website at http://www.ipharminc.com. Printed copies of our Code of Ethics may be obtained, without charge, by contacting the Corporate Secretary, Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc, 301 Edgewater Place - Suite 100, Wakefield, MA 01880. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, there were no waivers of our Code of Ethics.

Stockholder Communication with the Board of Directors

Stockholders may communicate with the Board, including non-management directors, by sending a letter to our Board, c/o Corporate Secretary, Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc, 301 Edgewater Place - Suite 100, Wakefield, MA 01880 for submission to the Board or committee or to any specific director to whom the correspondence is directed. Stockholders communicating through this means should include with the correspondence evidence, such as documentation from a brokerage firm, that the sender is a current record or beneficial stockholder of the Company. All communications received as set forth above will be opened by the Corporate Secretary or his designee for the sole purpose of determining whether the contents contain a message to one or more of our directors. Any contents that are not advertising materials, promotions of a product or service, patently offensive materials or matters deemed, using reasonable judgment, inappropriate for the Board will be forwarded promptly to the Chairman of the Board, the appropriate committee or the specific director, as applicable.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

The following table sets forth information concerning all cash and non-cash compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and our Senior Vice President, Clinical Sciences and Portfolio Management, whom we refer to collectively as our named executive officers, for services rendered in all capacities during the noted periods.

Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary			Bonus		Stock Awards(1)		Option Awards(1)		Total
Leo Ehrlich	2023	$	515,850	(2)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	515,850
Chief Executive and Financial Officer	2022	$	515,850	(2)	$	—	$	—	$	195,000	$	710,850
Jane Harness	2023	$	275,000		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	275,000
Sr. Vice President, Clinical Sciences and Portfolio Management	2022	$	275,000		$	150,000	$	—	$	97,500	$	522,500

_____________

(1)

Amounts shown reflect the total grant date fair value of restricted stock and option awards, determined in accordance with ASC 718, made during fiscal years 2022 and 2023. Amounts shown do not represent cash payments, amounts realized or amounts that may be realized. Refer to Notes 14 to the accompanying financial statements for a discussion on the valuation of the restricted stock and option awards.

(2)

Includes $50,000 in director fees for Mr. Ehrlich’s service as a director of the Company.

OUTSTANDING EQUITY AWARDS AT FISCAL YEAR END

The following table sets forth all outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of June 30, 2023.

	Stock Option Awards							Stock Awards
Name	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Stock Options (#) Exercisable		Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Stock Options (#) Unexercisable		Option Exercise Price ($)		Option Expiration Date	Number of Shares or Units That Have Not Vested (#)			Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested(1) ($)
Leo Ehrlich		500,000		—	$	0.10	2/23/2030		—			—
		1,000,000		—	$	0.24	10/10/2031		—			—
Jane Harness		172,987		—	$	1.37	9/1/2026		—		$	—
		172,987		—	$	0.71	9/1/2027		—		$	—
		172,987		—	$	0.40	9/1/2028		—		$	—
		172,987		—	$	0.13	9/1/2029		—		$	—
		115,325		57,663	$	0.22	9/11/2030		19,464	(2)	$	389
		500,000		—	$	0.24	10/10/2031		—			—

(1)	Market value is based on a stock price of $0.02, the closing price of the Company’s common stock on June 30, 2023, and the outstanding number of shares of restricted stock.
(2)	The remaining unvested stock options expiring in 2030 vest on September 11, 2023.

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POTENTIAL PAYMENTS UPON TERMINATION OR CHANGE OF CONTROL

Mr. Ehrlich does not have a current employment agreement with the Company, and all of the stock options held by Mr. Ehrlich are fully vested. As previously disclosed, the Compensation Committee and Board approved a new employment agreement between the Company and Mr. Ehrlich on October 10, 2021. However, the parties never entered into the new employment agreement.

Pursuant to the employment agreement between Ms. Harness and the Company, the executive would be entitled to the following termination benefits:

☐	For Cause or Without Good Reason. If the executive’s employment is terminated by the Company for “cause” or by the executive without “good reason” (each as defined in the employment agreements), the executive would be entitled to receive (i) all accrued but unpaid salary and accrued but unused vacation, (ii) reimbursement of unreimbursed business expenses, and (iii) any employee benefits which the executive may be entitled to under the Company’s employee benefits plans.
☐	Without Cause or With Good Reason. If the executive’s employment is terminated by the Company without “cause” or by the executive with “good reason,” the executive would be entitled to receive (i) the payments outlined in the previous bullet, plus (ii) continued salary for six months. Such payments would be subject to the executive’s execution of a release in favor of the Company and the executive’s compliance with certain non-solicitation and non-disparagement covenants in the employment agreement.
☐	Death or Disability. If the executive’s employment is terminated on account of the executive’s death or disability, the executive or her estate would be entitled to receive (i) the payments outlined in the first bullet above, plus (ii) an amount equal to her prorated target bonus for the fiscal year during which her employment is terminated.
☐	Change in Control. If the executive’s employment is terminated by the Company without “cause” or by the executive with “good reason” within 12 months following a change of control, the executive would be entitled to receive (i) the payments outlined in the first bullet above, plus (ii) continued salary for nine months, plus (iii) the target bonus for the fiscal year during which her employment is terminated. Such payments would be subject to the executive’s execution of a release in favor of the Company and the executive’s compliance with certain non-solicitation and non-disparagement covenants in the employment agreement. The executive would also be entitled to reimbursement for certain health insurance expenses, and all of her outstanding equity awards would automatically vest, subject to certain equity awards other than stock options satisfying any applicable performance criteria.

For purposes of the employment agreement with Ms. Harness, a “change of control” means the occurrence of any of the following:

☐	one person (or more than one person acting as a group) acquires ownership of stock of the Company that, together with the stock held by such person or group, constitutes more than 50% of the total fair market value or total voting power of the stock of such corporation;
☐	one person (or more than one person acting as a group) acquires (or has acquired during the twelve-month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition) ownership of the Company’s stock possessing 50% or more of the total voting power of the stock of such corporation;
☐	a majority of the members of the Board are replaced during any twelve-month period by directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the Board before the date of appointment or election; or
☐	the sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a “change in control” shall not occur unless such transaction constitutes a change in the ownership of the Company, a change in effective control of the Company, or a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets under Section 409A.

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DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

The following table sets forth certain information concerning the compensation paid to our independent directors for services rendered to us during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. Mr. Ehrlich’s compensation is also disclosed under “Summary Compensation Table” above.

Name	Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)		Stock Awards		Option Awards		Total
Schechter Barry	$	50,000	$	—	$	—	$	50,000
Spektor Zorik	$	50,000	$	—	$	—	$	50,000
Leo Ehrlich	$	50,000	$	—	$	—	$	50,000

Narrative to Director Compensation Table

Commencing with the first quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company increased the quarterly cash payment to $12,500 per quarter, which payments are made to all directors serving on the Company’s Board of Directors, rather than only the independent directors. Directors are reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses incurred as a result of their participation on our Board and committees.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The following table sets forth information known to us with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of September 28, 2023, for: (i) each person known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our voting securities, (ii) each named executive officer, (iii) each of our directors, and (iv) all of our current executive officers and directors as a group. The address of each of the officers and directors set forth below is in care of Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc., 301 Edgewater Place - Suite 100, Wakefield, MA 01880.

Name of Beneficial Owner	Shares Beneficially Owned(1)										% of
	Class A					Class B					Total Voting
	Shares		%			Shares		%			Power(2)
Stockholders
Kips Bay Select LP (3)		44,712,000		8.7	%		—		—	%		8.0	%
Officers and Directors
Leo Ehrlich(4)		4,709,777		*	%		4,333,936		100	%		8.6	%
Barry Schechter(5)		2,250,000		*			—		—	%		—	%
Zorik Spektor(5)		2,025,000		*			—		—	%		—	%
Jane Harness(6)		1,551,691		*			—		—	%		—	%
All current executive officers and directors as a group (4 persons)		10,536,468		2.0	%		4,333,936		100	%		9.6	%

____________

*

Denotes less than 1%.

(1)

“Beneficial owner” means having or sharing, directly or indirectly (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting, or (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose or to direct the disposition, of shares of the common stock of an issuer. The definition of beneficial ownership includes shares underlying stock options or warrants to purchase common stock, or other securities or convertible debt convertible into common stock, that are exercisable or convertible or that will become exercisable or convertible within 60 days. Unless otherwise indicated, the beneficial owner has sole voting and investment power. For each stockholder, the calculation of percentage of beneficial ownership is based upon 514,013,755 shares of Class A common stock and 4,333,936 shares of Class B common stock outstanding as of September 28, 2023, and shares of common stock subject to stock options, warrants and/or conversion rights held by the stockholder that are currently exercisable or are exercisable within 60 days of September 28, 2023, which are deemed to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the stockholder holding such stock options, warrants or conversion rights. The percentage ownership of any stockholder is determined by assuming that the stockholder has exercised all stock options, warrants and conversion rights to obtain additional securities and that no other stockholder has exercised such rights.

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(2)	Percentage total voting power represents voting power with respect to all shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, voting together as a single class. Each holder of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share of Class B common stock, and each holder of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share of Class A common stock on all matters submitted to our stockholders for a vote. The Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders, except as may otherwise be required by law. The Class B common stock is convertible at any time by the holder into shares of Class A common stock on a share-for-share basis.
(3)	Based on information provided to the Company by Kips Bay Select LP on September 22, 2023. The address of Kips Bay Select LP is 350 Lincoln Rd., Miami, Florida 33139.
(4)	For Leo Ehrlich, includes (i) 2,752,310 shares of Class A common stock held by Mr. Ehrlich’s spouse, (ii) 457,467 shares of Class A common stock into which a convertible loan and accrued interest in the amount of $228,734 may be converted at $0.50 per share, (iii) vested stock options to purchase 500,000 shares of Class A common stock granted to Mr. Ehrlich under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, (iv) 1,000,000 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options that are currently exercisable or are exercisable within 60 days of September 28, 2023, and (v) 4,333,936 shares of Class B common stock held directly by Mr. Ehrlich. Each share of Class A common stock carries one vote and each share of Class B common stock carries ten votes on all matters before the Company’s stockholders. Class B common stock is convertible into shares of Class A common stock at the holder’s election.

(5)	For each of Messrs. Schechter and Spektor, includes 1,500,000 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options that are currently exercisable or are exercisable within 60 days of September 28, 2023.
(6)	For Jane Harness, includes 1,364,935 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options that are currently exercisable or are exercisable within 60 days of September 28, 2023 and 244,417 shares of Class A common stock, in each case that are currently exercisable or are exercisable within 60 days of September 28, 2023.

SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

The following table sets forth certain information about the securities authorized for issuance under our equity incentive plans as of June 30, 2023.

Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options, warrants and rights (a)		Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding stock options, warrants and rights (b)		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders (1)		90,000	$	1.24		0
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders (2)		7,707,733	$	0.22		213,699,762
Total		7,797,733	$	0.23		213,699,762

__________________

(1)	Consists of the Company’s 2010 Equity Incentive Plan.
(2)	Consists of the Company’s 2016 Equity Incentive Plan.

46

Pay Versus Performance

The following table sets forth information about the relationship between executive compensation actually paid (CAP) and certain financial performance of our Company.

Year	Summary Compensation Table Total for PEO (1)		Compensation Actually Paid to PEO (2)		Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-PEO Named Executive Officer (3)		Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-PEO Named Executive Officer (4)		Value of Initial Fixed $100 Investment Based on Total Shareholder Return (5)		Net Income (Loss) (6)
(a)	(b)		(c)		(d)		(e)		(f)		(g)
2023	$	515,850	$	515,850	$	275,000	$	273,032	$	9.09	$	(3,168,000	)
2022	$	710,850	$	541,850	$	522,500	$	409,326	$	13.64	$	(7,041,000	)

________

(1)

Reflects compensation amounts reporting in the “Summary Compensation Table” for our CEO, Leo Ehrlich, for the respective years shown.

(2)

Reflects the respective amounts set forth in column (b) of the table above, adjusted as set forth in the table below, as determined in accordance with SEC rules. The dollar amounts reflected in column (b) of the table above do not reflect the actual amount of compensation earned by or paid to our CEO during the applicable year. For information regarding the decisions made by our Compensation Committee in regard to the CEO’s compensation for each fiscal year, please see the Compensation Discussion & Analysis sections of the proxy statements reporting pay for the fiscal years covered in the table above.

Year		Reported Summary Compensation Table Total for PEO (1)	Reported Value of Equity Awards $		Equity Award Adjustments $		Compensation Actually Paid to PEO $
(a)		(b)		(c)		(d)		(e)
2023	$	515,850	$	—	$	—	$	515,850
2022	$	710,850	$	(195,000)	$	26,000	$	541,850

___________
(1)	The grant date fair value of equity awards represents the total amounts reported in the “Stock Awards” column in the “Summary Compensation Table” for our CEO, Leo Ehrlich, for the respective years shown.
The amounts deducted or added in calculating the equity award adjustments are as follows.

CEO		2023		2022
The fair value as of fiscal year-end of any equity awards granted during the covered year that are unvested at the end of the year		—		26,000
The change, measured from the end of the prior fiscal year to the end of the most recently completed fiscal year, in the fair value of any equity awards granted in prior years that are unvested as of the end of the covered year		—		—
The fair value as of the end of the prior fiscal year for any awards granted in any prior fiscal year that fail to meet the applicable vesting conditions during the covered year		—		—
For awards that are granted and vest in the same year, the fair value as of the vesting date		—		—
The change, measured from the end of the prior fiscal year to the vesting date, in fair value of equity awards granted in prior years that vested during the covered year		—		—
The dollar value of any dividends or earnings paid on equity awards in the fiscal year prior to the vesting date that are not otherwise included in total compensation for the year		—		—
Total Equity Award Adjustments	$	—	$	26,000

(3)	Reflects the amounts reported for our Company’s named executive officer, Ms. Jane Harness (excluding Mr. Leo Ehrlich) in the “Summary Compensation Table” for the respective years shown.
(4)	Reflects the “compensation actually paid” to the named executive officer, Ms. Jane Harness, as determined in accordance with SEC rules. The dollar amounts do not reflect the actual amount of compensation earned by or paid to the named executive officer, Ms. Jane Harness, during the applicable year.

47

Year	Reported Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-PEO NEOs		Reported Value of Equity Awards $			Equity Award Adjustments $			Compensation Actually Paid to Non- PEO NEOs $
(a)	(b)		(c)			(d)			(e)
2023	$	275,000	$	—		$	(1,968	)	$	273,032
2022	$	522,500	$	(97,500	)	$	(15,674	)	$	409,326

The amounts deducted or added in calculating the equity award adjustments are as follows.

Non-PEO NEO		2023			2022
The fair value as of fiscal year-end of any equity awards granted during the covered year that are unvested at the end of the year		—			13,000
The change, measured from the end of the prior fiscal year to the end of the most recently completed fiscal year, in the fair value of any equity awards granted in prior years that are unvested as of the end of the covered year		1,370			6,077
The fair value as of the end of the prior fiscal year for any awards granted in any prior fiscal year that fail to meet the applicable vesting conditions during the covered year		(2,026	)		(42,370	)
For awards that are granted and vest in the same year, the fair value as of the vesting date		—			—
The change, measured from the end of the prior fiscal year to the vesting date, in fair value of equity awards granted in prior years that vested during the covered year		(1,312	)		7,619
The dollar value of any dividends or earnings paid on equity awards in the fiscal year prior to the vesting date that are not otherwise included in total compensation for the year		—			—
Total Equity Award Adjustments	$	(1,968	)	$	(15,674	)

(5)	The total shareholder returns for 2023 and 2022 each reflect the cumulative value of $100 invested in the Company’s stock on June 30, 2021.
(6)	Reflects the amount of net income (loss) reflected in our consolidated audited financial statements for the applicable year.

Analysis of the Information Presented in the Pay Versus Performance Table

We generally seek to incentivize long-term performance, and therefore do not specifically align our performance measures with “compensation actually paid” (as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K) for a particular year. In accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, we are providing the following descriptions of the relationships between information presented in the Pay Versus Performance table.

Compensation Actually Paid and Net Loss

Because we are not a commercial-stage company, we did not have any revenue during the periods presented. Consequently, our Company has not historically looked to net loss as a performance measure for our executive compensation program. In 2022 and 2023, our net loss declined approximately 55%, but the compensation actually paid for both our PEO and non-PEO NEOs in 2022 and 2023 declined in spite of the improvement in net loss, reflecting that our executive compensation program does not consider net loss as a performance measure.

Compensation Actually Paid and Cumulative TSR

TSR decreased in 2022 and 2023 and the compensation actually paid for both the PEO and non-PEO NEOs decreased from 2022 to 2023.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

Related Party Transactions

The Audit Committee’s charter requires it to approve or ratify certain transactions involving the Company and “related persons,” as defined under the relevant SEC rules. Any transaction with a related person, other than transactions available to all employees generally or involving aggregate amounts of less than $120,000, must be approved or ratified by the Audit Committee. The policy applies to all executive officers, directors and their family members and entities in which any of these individuals has a substantial ownership interest or control. None of such related persons has been involved in any transactions with us since the beginning of fiscal 2022 which are required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of SEC Regulation S-K. For information about transactions with related persons that were entered into before fiscal 2022, see Notes 11 and 12 in the accompanying notes to the financial statements.

48

Independent Directors

In considering and making decisions as to the independence of each of the directors of the Company, the Board considered transactions and relationships between the Company (and its subsidiaries) and each director (and each member of such director’s immediate family and any entity with which the director or family member has an affiliation such that the director or family member may have a material indirect interest in a transaction or relationship with such entity). The Board has determined that the following members of the Board are independent as defined in applicable SEC and Nasdaq rules and regulations, and that each constitutes an “Independent Director” as defined in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605: Dr. Barry Schechter and Dr. Zorik Spektor.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANTS FEES AND SERVICES

The following table sets forth the aggregate fees for professional audit services rendered by Heaton & Company, PLLC (d/b/a Pinnacle Accountancy Group of Utah) (“Pinnacle”) for the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and fees billed for other services provided by Pinnacle in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The Board of Directors has approved all of the following fees.

	2023		2022
Audit Fees	$	81,000	$	79,000
Audit Related Fees		—		—
Tax Fees		—		—
All Other Fees		—		—
Total	$	81,000	$	79,000

(1) Audit Fees consist of the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements and the reviews of the financial statements included in our Forms 10-Q and for any other services that were normally provided by Pinnacle in connection with our statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

Our Audit Committee has considered whether the provision of the non-audit services described above is compatible with maintaining auditor independence and determined that such services are appropriate. Before auditors are engaged to provide us audit or non-audit services, such engagement is (without exception, required to be) approved by the Audit Committee of our Board.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, all audit and non-audit services performed by our auditors must be approved in advance by our Audit Committee to assure that such services do not impair the auditors’ independence from us. In accordance with its policies and procedures, our Audit Committee pre-approved the audit service performed by Pinnacle for our financial statements as of and for the year ended June 30, 2023.

49

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(a)	Financial statements
	See Index to financial statements and Supplemental Data under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(b)	Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Title	Method of Filing
3.1	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc.	Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2019 filed on September 30, 2019 (File No. 001-37357).
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc.	Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2017 filed on September 11, 2017 (File No. 001-37357).
3.3	Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B-2 5% Convertible Preferred Stock	Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed on December 10, 2020 (File No. 001-37357).
4.1	Description of Class A common stock	Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2019 filed on September 30, 2019 (File No. 001-37357).
10.1	Patent License Agreement, dated January 3, 2003, between PolyMedix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (formerly known as PolyMedix, Inc.) and the University of Pennsylvania, Assigned by U.S. Court to the Company	Exhibit 10.20 to the Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2013 filed on September 30, 2013 (File No. 001-37357).
10.2	Letter Agreement, dated December 23, 2003, amending the Patent License Agreement, dated January 3, 2003, between PolyMedix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (formerly known as PolyMedix, Inc.) and the University of Pennsylvania, Assigned by U.S. Court to the Company	Exhibit 10.21 to the Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2013 filed on September 30, 2013 (File No. 001-37357).
10.3	Software License Agreement, dated May 30, 2003, between PolyMedix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (formerly known as PolyMedix, Inc.) and the University of Pennsylvania, Assigned by U.S. Court to the Company	Exhibit 10.22 to the Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2013 filed on September 30, 2013 (File No. 001-37357).
10.4	Exclusive License Agreement, dated July 18, 2019, between the Company and Alfasigma S.p.A.	Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed on July 22, 2019 (File No. 001-37357).
10.5	Series A Preferred Share Purchase Agreement, dated June 9, 2022, between BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd. (formerly known as Squalus Medical Ltd.) and the Company	Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed on June 15, 2022 (File No. 001-37357).
10.6	Demand Unsecured Note between the Company and Leo Ehrlich dated August 25, 2010	Exhibit 10.27 to the Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2010 filed on March 8, 2011 (File No. 001-37357).
10.7*	Form of executive employment agreement	Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016 filed on November 9, 2016 (File No. 001-37357).
10.8*	Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2010 Equity Incentive Plan	Exhibit 99-3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K/A of the Company filed on February 22, 2011 (File No. 001-37357).
10.9*	Form of Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement for the Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2010 Equity Incentive Plan	Exhibit 10.16 to the Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2017 filed on September 11, 2017 (File No. 001-37357).
10.10*	Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan	Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed on July 1, 2016 (File No. 001-37357).
10.11*	Amendments to the Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended	Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed on October 14, 2021 (File No. 001-37357).

50

10.12*	Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement for Employees for the Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan	Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed on July 1, 2016 (File No. 001-37357).
10.13*	Form of Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement for Employees for the Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan	Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed on July 1, 2016 (File No. 001-37357).
10.14*	Form of Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement for Non-Employee Directors for the Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan	Exhibit 10.5 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed on July 1, 2016 (File No. 001-37357).
10.15*	Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Employees for the Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan	Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed on July 1, 2016 (File No. 001-37357).
10.16*	Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Non-Employee Directors for the Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan	Exhibit 10.7 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company filed on July 1, 2016 (File No. 001-37357).
21.1	Subsidiaries of Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc.	Exhibit 21.1 to the Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2019 filed on September 30, 2019 (File No. 001-37357).
23.1	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	Filed herewith
31.1	Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certification required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
32.1	Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certification required under Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002	Furnished herewith
101	The following materials from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2023 formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Statements of Income, (ii) the Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Balance Sheets, (iv) the Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Statements of Equity and (vi) related notes	Filed herewith
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).	Filed herewith

____________

* Identifies a management contract or compensation plan or arrangement.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

Not applicable.

51

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc.
	(Registrant)
Date: September 28, 2023	By:	/s/ Leo Ehrlich
	Name:	Leo Ehrlich
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer, and Secretary

52

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Leo Ehrlich, his attorney-in-fact, with the power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Leo Ehrlich	Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer,	September 28, 2023
Leo Ehrlich	Principal Accounting Officer, Secretary and Director
/s/ Barry Schechter	Director	September 28, 2023
Barry Schechter
/s/ Zorik Spektor	Director	September 28, 2023
Zorik Spektor

53

EX-23.1

EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To Whom It May Concern:

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements on Form S-8 (File Nos. 333-212549 and 333-212551) of our Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, dated September 28, 2023, on the consolidated balance sheets of Innovation Pharmaceuticals, Inc., as of June 30, 2023 and the related statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ deficit and cash flows for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and the related notes, which appears in the annual report of Innovation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2023. Our report contains an explanatory paragraph regarding Innovation Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s ability to continue as a going concern.

/s/ Pinnacle Accountancy Group of Utah

Pinnacle Accountancy Group of Utah

Farmington, UT

September 28, 2023

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Leo Ehrlich, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: September 28, 2023	By:	/s/ Leo Ehrlich
		Leo Ehrlich, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer, and Secretary

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

(Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code)

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), the undersigned officer of Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certify, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

· The Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

· the information contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: September 28, 2023	By:	/s/ Leo Ehrlich
		Leo Ehrlich,
		Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer,
		Principal Accounting Officer, and Secretary

XML

Cover - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 10, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	INNOVATION PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001355250
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--06-30
Entity Well Known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding		514,013,755
Entity Public Float			$ 9,197,344
Entity File Number	001-37357
Entity Incorporation State Country Code	NV
Entity Tax Identification Number	30-0565645
Entity Address Address Line 1	301 Edgewater Place
Entity Address Address Line 2	Suite 100
Entity Address City Or Town	Wakefield
Entity Address State Or Province	MA
Entity Address Postal Zip Code	01880
City Area Code	978
Local Phone Number	921-4125
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Icfr Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Auditor Firm Id	6117
Auditor Name	Pinnacle Accountancy Group of Utah
Auditor Location	Farmington, Utah

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Current Assets:
Cash	$ 1,518,000	$ 3,807,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	116,000	145,000
Total Current Assets	1,634,000	3,952,000
Equity investment	3,806,000	3,978,000
Other Assets:
Patent costs - net	1,999,000	2,312,000
Deferred offering costs	0	59,000
Security deposit	78,000	78,000
Total Other Assets	2,077,000	2,449,000
Total Assets	7,517,000	10,379,000
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable - (including related party payables of approx. $1,511,000 and $1,511,000, respectively)	2,985,000	2,567,000
Accrued expenses - (including related party accruals of approx. $24,000 and $12,000, respectively)	73,000	92,000
Accrued salaries and payroll taxes - (including related party accrued salaries of approx. $1,613,000 and $1,563,000, respectively)	1,690,000	1,640,000
Operating lease - current liability	55,000	197,000
Convertible note payable - related party	213,000	250,000
Accrued dividend - Series B 5% convertible preferred stock	5,000	62,000
Total Current Liabilities	5,021,000	4,808,000
Other Liabilities:
Series B 5% convertible preferred stock liability at $1,080 stated value; 360 shares and 620 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively	457,000	786,000
Operating lease - long term liability	0	55,000
Total Liabilities	5,478,000	5,649,000
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 designated shares, no shares issued and outstanding	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	129,566,000	129,090,000
Accumulated deficit	(125,325,000)	(122,157,000)
Treasury Stock, at cost (10,874,593 shares as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively)	(2,254,000)	(2,254,000)
Total Stockholders' Equity	2,039,000	4,730,000
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	7,517,000	10,379,000
Common Class A Member
Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock, value	51,000	49,000
Common Class B Member
Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock, value	$ 1,000	$ 2,000

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Related party payables	$ 1,511,000	$ 1,511,000
Related party accruals	24,000	12,000
Related party accrued salaries	1,613,000	1,563,000
Series B 5% convertible preferred stock liability	$ 1,080	$ 1,080
Series B 5% Preferred Stock, Shares issued	360	620
Series B 5% Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	360	620
Preferred Stock, Par Value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred Stock, Shares Designated	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued	0	0
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	0	0
Treasury Stock Shares	10,874,593	10,874,593
Common Class A Member
Treasury Stock Shares	8,516,056
Common Stock, Par Value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	600,000,000	600,000,000
Common Stock, Shares Issued	522,529,811	496,741,729
Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	514,013,755	488,225,673
Common Class B Member
Treasury Stock Shares	2,358,537
Common Stock, Par Value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common Stock, Shares Issued	6,692,473	18,000,000
Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	4,333,936	15,641,463

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenues	$ 0	$ 18,000
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses	1,462,000	4,814,000
General and administrative expenses	750,000	1,223,000
Officers' payroll and payroll tax expenses	482,000	428,000
Professional fees	245,000	452,000
Total operating expenses	2,939,000	6,917,000
Equity in loss from equity investment	(172,000)	(22,000)
Total Other Operating Income and (Loss)	(172,000)	(22,000)
Loss from operations	(3,111,000)	(6,921,000)
Other income (expenses)
Other income	0	172,000
Change in fair value of preferred stock	0	(177,000)
Interest expense - debt	(28,000)	(68,000)
Interest expense - preferred stock	(29,000)	(47,000)
Total other income (expenses)	(57,000)	(120,000)
Loss before provision for income taxes	(3,168,000)	(7,041,000)
Provision for income taxes	0	0
Net loss	$ (3,168,000)	$ (7,041,000)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$ (0.01)	$ (0.01)
Basic and Diluted Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding	505,767,599	503,867,136

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY - USD ($)	Total	Common stock B Member	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	Common Stock A [Member]	Treasury Stock
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2021		15,641,463			418,157,142	10,874,593
Balance, amount at Jun. 30, 2021	$ 7,509,000	$ 2,000	$ 124,835,000	$ (115,116,000)	$ 42,000	$ (2,254,000)
Offering cost	(718,000)	0	(718,000)	0	$ 0	0
Conversion of 4,452 preferred stock into 69,901,865 common stocks, shares					69,901,865
Conversion of 4,452 preferred stock into 69,901,865 common stocks, amount	4,374,000	0	4,367,000	0	$ 7,000	0
Shares issued for exercise of stock options, shares					166,666
Shares issued for exercise of stock options, amount	23,000	0	23,000	0	$ 0	0
Shares issued to employee for services	8,000	0	8,000	0	0	0
Stock options issued to consultant for services	60,000	0	60,000	0	0	0
Stock options issued to director for services	423,000	0	423,000	0	0	0
Stock options issued to employee for services	92,000	0	92,000	0	0	0
Net loss	(7,041,000)	$ 0	0	(7,041,000)	$ 0	$ 0
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2022		15,641,463			488,225,673	10,874,593
Balance, amount at Jun. 30, 2022	4,730,000	$ 2,000	129,090,000	(122,157,000)	$ 49,000	$ (2,254,000)
Offering cost	$ (59,000)	0	$ (59,000)	0	$ 0	0
Conversion of 4,452 preferred stock into 69,901,865 common stocks, shares	329,000		327,000		25,690,759
Conversion of 4,452 preferred stock into 69,901,865 common stocks, amount		0			$ 2,000	0
Shares issued to employee for services	$ 4,000	0	$ 4,000	0	0	0
Stock options issued to consultant for services	3,000	0	3,000	0	0	0
Stock options issued to director for services	161,000	0	161,000	0	0	0
Stock options issued to employee for services	39,000	0	39,000	0	$ 0	0
Net loss	(3,168,000)			(3,168,000)
Restricted common stock award issued to employee for services, shares					97,323
Restricted common stock award issued to employee for services, amount	0	$ 0	0	0	$ 0	$ 0
Shares surrendered by Stockholder, shares		(11,307,527)
Shares surrendered by Stockholder, amount	0	$ (1,000)	1,000
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2023		4,333,936			514,013,755	10,874,593
Balance, amount at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 2,039,000	$ 1,000	$ 129,566,000	$ (125,325,000)	$ 51,000	$ (2,254,000)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$ (3,168,000)	$ (7,041,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Patent write off	0	141,000
Stock based compensation	207,000	583,000
Amortization of patent costs	373,000	382,000
Gain on forgiveness of loans payable	0	(172,000)
Change in fair value of preferred stock	0	177,000
Equity in loss from equity investment	172,000	22,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	29,000	350,000
Accounts payable	418,000	4,000
Accrued expenses	(19,000)	(256,000)
Accrued officers' salaries and payroll taxes	50,000	(352,000)
Operating lease liability	(197,000)	(165,000)
Accrued dividend	29,000	47,000
Net cash used in operating activities	(2,106,000)	(6,280,000)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Equity investment contribution	0	(4,000,000)
Patent costs	(60,000)	(80,000)
Net cash used in investing activities	(60,000)	(4,080,000)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from exercise of preferred stock warrants	0	4,983,000
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	0	23,000
Repayment of note payable to officer	(37,000)	(1,033,000)
Dividend paid to Preferred stockholders	(86,000)	0
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(123,000)	3,973,000
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH	(2,289,000)	(6,387,000)
CASH, BEGINNING OF YEAR	3,807,000	10,194,000
CASH, END OF YEAR	1,518,000	3,807,000
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for interest	12,000	59,000
Cash paid for income taxes	0	0
INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Cancellation of 6,980,583 Class A shares for the purchase of 13,072,730 shares of Common Stock Class B	1,000	0
Conversion of Series B convertible preferred stock to Common stock	$ 329,000	$ 4,374,000

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Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations

Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations

1. Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations

Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. was incorporated on August 1, 2005 in the State of Nevada. Effective June 5, 2017, the Company amended its Articles of Incorporation and changed its name from Cellceutix Corporation to Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. On February 15, 2019, the Company formed IPIX Pharma Limited (“IPIX Pharma”), a wholly-owned subsidiary incorporated under the Companies Act 2014 of Ireland. IPIX Pharma is a Private Company Limited by Shares. The subsidiary is intended to serve as a key hub for strategic collaboration with European companies and medical communities in addition to providing cost-saving efficiencies and flexibility with respect to developing Brilacidin under European Medicines Agency standards.

The Company is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company. The Company’s common stock is quoted on the OTC Pink, symbol “IPIX.”

Basis of Consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Innovation Pharmaceuticals Inc., a Nevada corporation, and our wholly-owned subsidiary, IPIX Pharma, an Ireland limited company. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. There was no translation gain and loss for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Nature of Operations - Overview

We are in the business of developing or licensing innovative small molecule therapies to treat diseases with significant medical need, particularly in the areas of inflammatory diseases, cancer, dermatology and anti-infectives. Our strategy is to maximize the value of our drug compound Brilacidin by advancing indications along the regulatory pathway as well as seeking additional health care-related investment opportunities with the aim of diversifying the Company’s assets. Ongoing activities include Brilacidin drug manufacturing, scientific report writing, and supportive research activities. The Company also acquired a non-controlling interest in BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd. (“BTL”), formerly known as Squalus Medical Ltd., a private company developing a novel image guided surgical laser platform. Management is focused on other avenues of business development, including, but not limited to, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, strategic investments, and licensing agreements, for the purpose of diversifying corporate assets. While no assurances are expressed or implied that any agreement will be consummated in the future, the Company is committed toward executing on opportunities at hand.

We currently own all development and marketing rights to our products, other than the license rights granted to Alfasigma S.p.A. in July 2019 for the development, manufacturing and commercialization of locally-administered Brilacidin for ulcerative proctitis/ulcerative proctosigmoiditis (“UP/UPS”). In order to successfully develop and market our products, we may have to partner with additional companies. Prospective partners may require that we grant them significant development and/or commercialization rights in return for agreeing to share the risk of development and/or commercialization.

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Liquidity Going Concern and Managements Plan

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Liquidity Going Concern and Managements Plan

Liquidity, Going Concern and Management's Plan

2. Liquidity, Going Concern and Management’s Plan

Our financial statements were prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, the Company had a net loss of $3.2 million and negative cash flow from operations of $2.1 million. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has negative working capital of $3.4 million. As of June 30, 2023, the Company’s cash amounted to $1.5 million and current liabilities amounted to $5.0 million. The Company has expended substantial funds on its clinical trials and expects to continue our spending on research and development expenditures. We expect to incur further losses in the development of our business and have been dependent on funding operations from inception. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans include continuing to finance operations through the private or public placement of debt and/or equity securities and the reduction of expenditures. However, no assurance can be given at this time as to whether we will be able to achieve these objectives. The financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

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Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

3. Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include contract research accruals, recoverability of long-lived assets, valuation of equity grants and income tax valuation. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash

Cash consists of bank deposits. There were no cash equivalents at June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Intangible Assets - Patents

Costs incurred to file patent applications and acquired intangibles are capitalized when the Company believes that there is a high likelihood that the patent will be issued and there will be future economic benefit associated with the patent. These costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over a 12 - 17 years life from the date of patent filing. All costs associated with abandoned patent applications are expensed. In addition, the Company will review the carrying value of patents for indicators of impairment on a periodic basis and if it determines that the carrying value is impaired, it values the patent at fair value. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, carrying value of patents was approximately $1,999,000 and $2,312,000, respectively. Amortization expense for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was approximately $373,000 and $382,000, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023, the Company expensed the costs associated with obtaining patents that have not yet resulted in products or gained market acceptance and the Company has or will let these patents go abandoned. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the patent expenses were insignificant.

In accordance with the provisions of the applicable authoritative guidance, the Company’s long-lived assets and amortizable intangible assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of such assets by determining whether their carrying value can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows, including its estimates of revenue driven by assumed market segment share and estimated costs. If impairment is indicated, the Company measures the amount of such impairment by comparing the fair value to the carrying value. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded patent write offs of approximately $0 and $141,000, respectively, and included them in general and administrative expenses.

Certain Risks and Uncertainties

Product Development

We devote significant resources to research and development programs in an effort to discover and develop potential future product candidates. The product candidates in our pipeline are at various stages of preclinical and clinical development. The path to regulatory approval includes three phases of clinical trials in which we collect data to support an application to regulatory authorities to allow us to market a product for treatment of a specified disease. There are many difficulties and uncertainties inherent in research and development of new products, resulting in a high rate of failure. To bring a drug from the discovery phase to regulatory approval, and ultimately to market, takes many years and significant cost. Failure can occur at any point in the process, including after the product is approved, based on post-market factors. New product candidates that appear promising in development may fail to reach the market or may have only limited commercial success because of efficacy or safety concerns, inability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals, limited scope of approved uses, reimbursement challenges, difficulty or excessive costs of manufacture, alternative therapies or infringement of the patents or intellectual property rights of others. Uncertainties in the FDA approval process and the approval processes in other countries can result in delays in product launches and lost market opportunities. Consequently, it is very difficult to predict which products will ultimately be submitted for approval, which have the highest likelihood of obtaining approval and which will be commercially viable and generate profits. Successful results in preclinical or clinical studies may not be an accurate predictor of the ultimate safety or effectiveness of a drug or product candidate.

Expenditures for research, development, and engineering of products are expensed as incurred. For the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred approximately $1.5 million and $4.8 million of research and development costs, respectively.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit and checking accounts that at times exceed federally insured limits of $250,000. Approximately $1.3 million is subject to credit risk at June 30, 2023. However, these cash balances are maintained at creditworthy financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk.

Commitments and Contingencies

The Company follows Subtopic 450-20 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) to report accounting for contingencies. Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed.

Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. The Company’s legal costs associated with contingent liabilities are recorded to expense as incurred.

Accrued Outsourcing Costs

Substantial portions of our preclinical studies and clinical trials are performed by third-party laboratories, medical centers, contract research organizations and other vendors, or collectively “CROs.” These CROs generally bill monthly or quarterly for services performed, or bill based upon milestone achievement. For preclinical studies, we accrue expenses based upon estimated percentage of work completed and the contract milestones remaining. For clinical studies, expenses are accrued based upon the number of patients enrolled and the duration of the study. We monitor patient enrollment, the progress of clinical studies and related activities to the extent possible through internal reviews of data reported to us by the CROs, correspondence with the CROs and clinical site visits. Our estimates depend on the timeliness and accuracy of the data provided by the CROs regarding the status of each program and total program spending. We periodically evaluate the estimates to determine if adjustments are necessary or appropriate based on information we receive.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities arise from temporary differences associated with differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as measured by the enacted tax rates, which are expected to be in effect when these differences reverse. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current, depending upon the classification of the asset or liabilities to which they relate. Deferred tax assets and liabilities not related to an asset or liability are classified as current or non-current depending on the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company has generated net losses since inception and accordingly has not recorded a provision for income taxes. The deferred tax assets were primarily comprised of federal and state tax net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards. Due to uncertainties surrounding the Company’s ability to generate future taxable income to realize these tax assets, a full valuation allowance has been established to offset the deferred tax assets. Additionally, the future utilization of the NOL carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to an annual limitation as a result of ownership changes that could occur in the future. If necessary, the deferred tax assets will be reduced by any carryforwards that expire prior to utilization as a result of such limitations, with a corresponding reduction of the valuation allowance.

The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC 740-10 “Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (ASC 740-10). The Company has not recognized a liability as a result of the implementation of ASC 740-10. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits has not been provided since there is no unrecognized benefit since the date of adoption. The Company has not recognized interest expense or penalties as a result of the implementation of ASC 740-10. If there were an unrecognized tax benefit, the Company would recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses.

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

Basic and diluted loss per share are computed based on the weighted-average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Except with respect to certain voting, conversion and transfer rights and as otherwise expressly provided in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation or required by applicable law, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock have the same rights and privileges and rank equally, share ratably and are identical in all respects as to all matters. Accordingly, basic and diluted net income (loss) per share are the same for both classes. Common share equivalents consist of stock options, restricted stock, warrants, convertible related party notes payable, and convertible preferred stock. Common share equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, because their effect was anti-dilutive.

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

	Year Ended
	June 30,
	2023			2022
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.01	)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Class A common stock		495,764,410			488,225,673
Class B common stock		10,003,189			15,641,463
Total weighted average shares outstanding		505,767,599			503,867,136
Antidilutive securities not included:
Stock options		7,778,269			8,268,269
Stock options arising from convertible note payable and accrued interest		457,467			508,448
Restricted stock grants		19,463			58,392
Convertible preferred stock		35,571,821			36,000,000
Total		43,827,020			44,835,109

Treasury Stock

The Company accounts for treasury stock using the cost method. The 10,874,593 treasury shares include 8,516,056 shares of Class A common stock and 2,358,537 shares of Class B common stock held in treasury, and they were purchased at a total cumulative cost of approximately $2.3 million as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 (see Note 15. Equity Transactions).

Treasury stock, representing shares of the Company’s common stock that have been acquired for payroll tax withholding on vested stock grants and to satisfy the exercise price on vested stock options, is recorded at its acquisition cost and these shares are not considered outstanding.

Revenue Recognition

The Company follows the guidance of accounting standard ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all the related amendments.

The Company has acquired and further developed license rights to Functional Intellectual Property (“functional IP”) that it licenses to customers for defined license periods. A functional IP license is a license to intellectual property that has significant standalone functionality that does not include supporting or maintaining the intellectual property during the license period. The Company’s patented drug formulas have significant standalone functionality in their abilities to treat a disease or condition. Further, there is no expectation that the Company will undertake any activities to change the functionality of the drug formulas during the license periods (see Note 8. Exclusive License Agreement and Patent Assignment Agreement).

Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

Pursuant to ASC 606, a customer is a party that has contracted with an entity to obtain goods or services that are an output of the entity’s ordinary activities in exchange for consideration.

To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps:

(i)	identify the contract(s) with a customer;
(ii)	identify the performance obligations in the contract, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract;
(iii)	determine the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration;
(iv)	allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
(v)	recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. If a promised good or service is not distinct, it is combined with other performance obligations. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

The terms of the Company’s licensing agreement include the following:

(i)	up-front fees;
(ii)	milestone payments related to the achievement of development, regulatory, or commercial goals; and
(iii)	royalties on net sales of licensed products.

License of Intellectual Property: If the license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable, up-front fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. If not distinct, the license is combined with other performance obligations in the contract. For licenses that are combined with other performance obligations, the Company assesses the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition.

Milestone Payments: At the inception of each arrangement that includes developmental and regulatory milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the achievement of each milestone specifically relates to the Company’s efforts to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service within a performance obligation. If the achievement of a milestone is considered a direct result of the Company’s efforts to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service and the receipt of the payment is based upon the achievement of the milestone, the associated milestone value is allocated to that distinct good or service. If the milestone payment is not specifically related to the Company’s effort to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service, the amount is allocated to all performance obligations using the relative standalone selling price method. The Company also evaluates the milestone to determine whether they are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price to be allocated, otherwise, such amounts are constrained and excluded from the transaction price. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of such development milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the transaction price. Any such adjustments to the transaction price are allocated to the performance obligations on the same basis as at contract inception. Amounts allocated to a satisfied performance obligation shall be recognized as revenue, or as a reduction of revenue, in the period in which the transaction price changes.

Royalties: For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company will recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied) in accordance with the royalty recognition constraint.

Accounting for Stock Based Compensation

The stock-based compensation expense incurred by the Company for employees, non-employees and directors in connection with its equity incentive plan is based on ASC 718, and the fair market value of the equity awards is measured at the grant date.

Awards with service-based vesting conditions only: Expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.

Awards with performance-based vesting conditions: Expense is not recognized until it is determined that it is probable the performance-based conditions will be met. When achievement of a performance-based condition is probable, a catch-up of expense will be recorded as if the award had been vesting on a straight-line basis from the award date. The award will continue to be expensed on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period basis until a higher performance-based condition is met, if applicable.

Awards with market-based vesting conditions: Expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the lesser of the derived service period or the explicit service period if one is present. However, if the market condition is satisfied prior to the end of the requisite service period, the Company will accelerate all remaining expense to be recognized.

Awards with both performance-based and market-based vesting conditions: If an award vesting or exercisability is conditional upon the achievement of either a market condition or performance or service conditions, the requisite service period is generally the shortest of the explicit, implicit, and derived service period.

We have elected to use the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options on the dates of grant. Restricted stock units are measured based on the fair market values of the underlying stock on the dates of grant. The grant date is also the valuation date for the non-employee awards. We recognize stock-based compensation using the straight-line method.

Investments

For those investments in common stock or in-substance common stock in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee, the investment is accounted for under the equity method. For those investments in which the Company does not have such significant influence, the Company applies the accounting guidance for certain investments in debt and equity securities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). This standard requires a financial asset to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The financial assets of the Company in scope of ASU 2016-13 will primarily be accounts receivable. The Company will estimate an allowance for expected credit losses on accounts receivable that result from the inability of customers to make required payments. In estimating the allowance for expected credit losses, consideration will be given to the current aging of receivables, historical experience, and a review for potential bad debts. The Company adopted this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 and it did not have an impact on its results of operations, financial position, and disclosures.

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Equity Investment

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity Investment

Equity Investment

4. Equity Investment

BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd. (formerly known as Squalus Medical Ltd.)

On June 9, 2022, the Company entered into a Series A Preferred Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd. (formerly known as Squalus Medical Ltd.), a company established under the laws of the State of Israel (“BTL”), pursuant to which the Company purchased 55,556 shares of BTL’s Series A Redeemable Preferred Shares (the “Series A Shares”) and a warrant to purchase 27,778 Series A Shares for aggregate consideration of $4,000,000, or approximately $72.00 per Series A Share. Following the closing under the Purchase Agreement, the Company owns approximately 35.7% of BTL’s issued and outstanding equity securities and approximately 41.6% of BTL’s equity securities on a fully diluted basis. The Company also entered into customary investor rights and indemnification agreements with BTL. The Company therefore recorded an equity investment on our June 30, 2023 and 2022 consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s equity in losses in excess of its investment are accounted for under the equity method and consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 (rounded in nearest thousand):

	June 30,			June 30,
	2023			2022
BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd.
Ownership Interest		35.7	%		35.7	%
Carrying Amount
Total contributions	$	4,000,000		$	4,000,000
Less: Share of the loss in investment in BTL		(194,000	)		(22,000	)
Equity losses in excess of investment	$	3,806,000		$	3,978,000

The Company invested $4,000,000 in BTL as of June 30, 2023 and 2022. The cash balance in BTL at June 30, 2023 was approximately $0.6 million and the short-term time deposits in BTL at June 30, 2023 was approximately $2.7 million.

During the year ended June 30, 2023, BTL incurred a loss of approximately $481,000, and accordingly, the Company recorded its share of the loss in investment in BTL, in accordance with the provisions in the purchase agreement, of approximately $172,000 in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.  

During for the period from June 9, 2022 (date of acquisition) to June 30, 2022, BTL incurred a loss of approximately $63,000, and accordingly, the Company recorded its share of the loss in investment in BTL, in accordance with the provisions in the purchase agreement, of approximately $22,000 in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.

Summarized balance sheet information for the Company’s equity method investee BTL as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 is presented in the following table (rounded to nearest thousand):

	June 30,			June 30,
BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd.	2023			2022
Assets
Cash	$	575,000		$	3,850,000
Short term investment		2,694,000			—
Other current assets		144,000			1,000
Total current assets	$	3,413,000		$	3,851,000
Long-term assets		162,000			—
Total assets	$	3,575,000		$	3,851,000
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities	$	230,000		$	195,000
Long-term liabilities		101,000			—
Total liabilities	$	331,000		$	195,000
Equity
Equity	$	3,804,000		$	3,735,000
Accumulated deficits		(560,000	)		(79,000	)
Total equity		3,244,000			3,656,000
Total liabilities and equity	$	3,575,000		$	3,851,000

Summarized income statement information for the Company’s equity method investee BTL is presented in the following table for the period from June 9, 2022 (date of acquisition) to June 30, 2022 and for the year ended June 30, 2023 (rounded to nearest thousand):

				For the period
				From June 9, 2022
	For the Year Ended			(date of acquisition)
	June 30,			to June 30,
BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd.	2023			2022
Net sales and revenue	$	25,000		$	—
Research and development costs	$	533,000		$	7,000
Administrative expenses		100,000			55,000
Total operating expense		633,000			62,000
Loss from operations	$	(608,000	)	$	(62,000	)
Other income (expense)		127,000			(1,000	)
Net loss	$	(481,000	)	$	(63,000	)

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Patents net

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Patents net

Patents, Net

5. Patents, net

Patents, net consisted of the following (rounded to nearest thousand):

	Useful life (years)		June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Purchased Patent Rights- Brilacidin and related compounds		14	$	4,082,000		$	4,082,000
Purchased Patent Rights-Anti-microbial- surfactants and related compounds		12		144,000			144,000
Patents - Kevetrin and related compounds		17		1,206,000			1,146,000
Total patents cost				5,432,000			5,372,000
Less: Accumulated amortization				(3,433,000	)		(3,060,000	)
Patents, net			$	1,999,000		$	2,312,000

The patents are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets, determined to be 12-17 years from the date of acquisition.

Amortization expense for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $373,000 and $382,000, respectively. The Company wrote off the patent costs relating to Kevetrin of approximately $141,000 during the fourth quarter of 2022 due to discontinuation of its Kevetrin program.

At June 30, 2023, the future amortization period for all patents was approximately 2.18 years to 16.75 years. Future estimated amortization expenses are approximately $372,000 for each year from 2024 to 2025, $362,000 for the year ending June 30, 2026, $360,000 for the year ending June 30, 2027 and a total of $533,000 for the year ending June 30, 2028 and thereafter.

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Accrued Expenses Related Parties and Other

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accrued Expenses Related Parties and Other

Accrued Expenses - Related Parties and Other

6. Accrued Expenses - Related Parties and Other

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (rounded to nearest thousand):

	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Accrued research and development consulting fees	$	49,000	$	80,000
Accrued rent - related parties (Note 11. Related Party Transactions)		8,000		8,000
Accrued interest - related parties (Note 12. Convertible Note Payable - Related Party)		16,000		4,000
Total	$	73,000	$	92,000

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Accrued Salaries and Payroll Taxes Related Parties and Other

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accrued Salaries and Payroll Taxes Related Parties and Other

Accrued Salaries and Payroll Taxes - Related Parties and Other

7. Accrued Salaries and Payroll Taxes - Related Parties and Other

Accrued salaries and payroll taxes consisted of the following (rounded to nearest thousand):

	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Accrued salaries - related parties	$	1,543,000	$	1,492,000
Accrued payroll taxes - related parties		71,000		71,000
Withholding tax - payroll		76,000		77,000
Total	$	1,690,000	$	1,640,000

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Exclusive License Agreement and Patent Assignment Agreement

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Exclusive License Agreement and Patent Assignment Agreement

Exclusive License Agreement and Patent Assignment Agreement

8. Exclusive License Agreement and Patent Assignment Agreement

On July 18, 2019, the Company entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with Alfasigma S.p.A., a global pharmaceutical company (“Alfasigma”), granting Alfasigma the worldwide right to develop, manufacture and commercialize locally-administered Brilacidin for the treatment of UP/UPS.

Under the terms of the License Agreement, Alfasigma made an initial upfront non-refundable payment of $0.4 million to the Company in July, 2019 and will make additional payments of up to $24.0 million to the Company based upon the achievement of certain milestones, including a $1.0 million payment due following commencement of the first Phase 3 clinical trial of Brilacidin for UP/UPS and an additional $1.0 million payment upon the filing of a marketing approval application with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency. At this time, Alfasigma has completed Phase 1 clinical research with Brilacidin. In addition to the milestones, Alfasigma will pay a royalty to the Company equal to six percent of net sales of Brilacidin for UP/UPS, subject to adjustment as provided in the License Agreement. The Company received an initial upfront non-refundable payment of $0.4 million and reported as revenue in July, 2019 and the Company did not receive any further milestone payment during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

On April 13, 2022, the Company entered a Patent Assignment Agreement with Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc. (“FCCDC”), pursuant to which the Company assigned the title, rights and interest in and to the applications of certain patents in accordance with an earlier collaborative research agreement related to antifungal drug discovery work to which the Company had rights.

On May 3, 2022, the Company received payment of $18,000 from FCCDC based on FCCDC’s third-party license of broad-spectrum anti-fungals and a separate agreement between the Company and FCCDC. Some of the preliminary data used in the FCCDC research program had been obtained as part of an earlier collaboration with the Company supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health.

On January 18, 2023, the Company was notified by FCCDC that its third-party license with Basilea Pharmaceutica for development of broad-spectrum antifungals was terminated by the licensee.

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Operating Leases

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Operating Leases

Operating Leases

9. Operating Leases

Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Generally, the implicit rate of interest in arrangements is not readily determinable and the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be. The operating lease ROU asset includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our variable lease payments primarily consist of maintenance and other operating expenses from our real estate leases. Variable lease payments are excluded from the ROU assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. We have elected to account for these lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. We are also electing not to apply the recognition requirements to short-term leases of twelve months or less and instead will recognize lease payments as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company determined that the operating lease right-of-use asset was fully impaired on December 31, 2019. As such, the Company recognized an impairment loss of approximately $643,000, after recording amortization of the right-of-use asset for July, August, and September 2019 totaling approximately $27,000, resulting in a carrying value of $0 since December 31, 2019. The Company vacated the leased office space in December 2019, and in January 2020 the Company initiated a lawsuit against the lessor relating to an automatic extension of the lease for the office space and related matters (See Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies).

The components of lease expense and supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the year are as follows:

	Year Ended June 30, 2023
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost (included in general and administrative in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations)	$	26,000
Variable lease cost		12,000
	$	38,000
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for the year ended June 30, 2023	$	197,000
Weighted average remaining lease term – operating leases (in years)		0.25
Average discount rate – operating leases		18	%

The supplemental balance sheet information related to leases for the period is as follows:

	At June 30, 2023
Operating leases
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$	55,000
Long-term operating lease liabilities		—
Total operating lease liabilities	$	55,000

The following table provides maturities of the Company’s lease liabilities at June 30, 2024 as follows:

	Operating Leases
Fiscal Year Ending June 30,
2024 (remaining 3 months)	$	56,000
Total lease payments		56,000
Less: Imputed interest/present value discount		(1,000	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	55,000

Operating lease cost for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $26,000 and $59,000, respectively.

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Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)

Commitments and Contingencies

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

On January 22, 2020, the Company filed a complaint against Cummings Properties, LLC in the Superior Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (C.A. No. 20-77CV00101), seeking, among other things, declaratory relief that the lease terminated in September 2018, as the Company’s prior principal executive offices did not automatically extend for an additional five years, return of the Company’s security deposit, and damages. On August 29, 2023, the trial for this case commenced and as of September 28, 2023, this trial is ongoing. The Company is currently unable to determine the probability of the trial outcome or reasonably estimate the loss or gain, if any.

Contractual Commitments

The Company has total non-cancellable contractual minimum commitments of approximately $0.6 million to contract research organizations as of June 30, 2023. Expenses are recognized when services are performed by the contract research organizations.

Contingent Liability - Disputed Invoices

The Company accrued payroll to Dr. Krishna Menon, ex-President of Research of approximately $1,443,000 for his past services with the Company, and this amount was included in accrued salaries and payroll taxes (see Note 7. Accrued Salaries and Payroll Taxes). As described in Note 11. Related Party Transactions, the Company has a payable to Kard Scientific, Inc. (“KARD”) of approximately $1,486,000 for its research and development expenses and this amount was included in accounts payable. KARD is a company owned by Dr. Menon. Dr. Menon’s employment was terminated with the Company on September 18, 2018, and Dr. Menon resigned from the Company’s Board of Directors on December 11, 2018. Dr. Menon, on behalf of himself and KARD, demanded payment of these amounts in October 2019; however, the Company disputes the underlying basis for these amounts and notified Dr. Menon in November 2019 of the Company’s intent not to pay them.

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, all of the above disputed invoices were reflected as current liabilities.

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Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

11. Related Party Transactions

Pre-clinical Studies

The Company previously engaged KARD to conduct specified pre-clinical studies. The Company did not have an exclusive arrangement with KARD. All work performed by KARD needed prior approval by the executive officers of the Company, and the Company retained all intellectual property resulting from the services by KARD. The Company no longer uses KARD to conduct research study. At June 30, 2023 and 2022, the accrued research and development expenses payable to KARD was approximately $1,486,000 and this amount was included in accounts payable. Dr. Menon, the Company’s ex-principal shareholder and Director, on behalf of himself and KARD, demanded payment of these amounts in October 2019; however, the Company disputes the underlying basis for these amounts and notified Dr. Menon in November 2019 of the Company’s intent not to pay them.

Since September 1, 2013, the Company no longer leases space from KARD. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, rent payables to KARD of approximately $8,000, were included in accrued expenses.

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Convertible Note Payable Related Party

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Convertible Note Payable Related Party

Convertible Note Payable - Related Party

12. Convertible Note Payable - Related Party

The Ehrlich Promissory Note C is an unsecured demand note with Mr. Ehrlich, the Company’s Chairman and CEO, that originated in 2010, bears 9% simple interest per annum and is convertible into the Company’s Class A common stock at $0.50 per share.

On December 29, 2010, the Company issued 18,000,000 Equity Incentive Options to purchase Class B common stock to Mr. Ehrlich, which are exercisable at $0.11 per share. On May 8, 2012, the Company did not have the ability to repay the Ehrlich Promissory Note C loan of approximately $2,022,000 and agreed to change the interest rate from 9% simple interest to 10% simple interest, and the Company issued 2,000,000 Equity Incentive Options exercisable at $0.51 per share equal to 110% of the closing bid price of $0.46 per share on May 7, 2012. All these stock options were valid for ten years from the date of issuance and expired in May, 2022.

During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company repaid the principal of $37,000 and $1,033,000, respectively to Mr. Ehrlich. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the principal balance of this convertible note payable to Mr. Ehrlich was approximately $213,000 and $250,000, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the balance of accrued interest payable was $16,000 and $4,000, respectively (see Note 6. Accrued Expenses - Related Parties and Other).

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the total outstanding balances of principal and interest were approximately $229,000 and $254,000, respectively.

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Loan Payable

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Loan Payable

Loan Payable

13. Loan payable

On May 10, 2020 and April 19, 2021, the Company received loan proceeds in the amount of approximately $93,000 and $79,000, respectively, under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) and it was recorded under loan payable. The PPP, established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), provides for loans to qualifying businesses for amounts up to 2.5 times of the average monthly payroll expenses of the qualifying business. The loans and accrued interest are forgivable after eight weeks as long as the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and maintains its payroll levels. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if the borrower terminates employees or reduces salaries during the eight-week period.

During the year ended June 30, 2022, the Company obtained the approval of the forgiveness of the above mentioned two loans, and the Company recorded the total loan forgiveness of $172,000 under other income.

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Equity Incentive Plans StockBased Compensation Exercise of Options and Warrants Outstanding

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity Incentive Plans StockBased Compensation Exercise of Options and Warrants Outstanding

Equity Incentive Plans, Stock-Based Compensation, Exercise of Options and Warrants Outstanding

14. Equity Incentive Plans, Stock-Based Compensation, Exercise of Stock Options and Warrants Outstanding

Stock-based Compensation - Stock Options

2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”)

On June 30, 2016, the Board of Directors adopted the Company’s 2016 Plan. The 2016 Plan became effective upon adoption by the Board of Directors on June 30, 2016.

On February 23, 2020, the Board of Directors approved an amendment to Section 4.1 of the 2016 Plan to increase the annual limit on the number of awards under such Plan to outside directors from 250,000 to 1,500,000. 

On October 10, 2021, the Board of Directors approved amendments to the 2016 Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock available for issuance thereunder to 225,000,000 shares and to increase the annual limit on the number of awards under such Plan to outside directors from 1,500,000 to 5,000,000, among other changes. 

Up to 225,000,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock may be issued under the 2016 Plan (subject to adjustment as described in the 2016 Plan). 

Stock Options

The fair value of stock options granted during the year ended June 30, 2022 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton Model that uses assumptions noted in the following table. There was no option grant during the year ended June 30, 2023.

	Year ended June 30,
	2022
Expected term (in years)	5-10
Expected stock price volatility		80.84% to 112.37	%
Risk-free interest rate		0.69% to 1.61	%
Expected dividend yield		0

The components of stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s Statements of Operations for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (rounded to nearest thousand):

	Years ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Research and development expenses	$	46,000	$	160,000
General and administrative expenses		161,000		423,000
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	207,000	$	583,000

During the year ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

Directors and Employee

On October 10, 2021, the Compensation Committee approved the issuance of 1 million stock options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock each to 2 independent directors of the Company, and 1 million stock options to purchase shares of Company’s common stock to Mr. Ehrlich, the CEO, which are exercisable for 10 years at $0.24 per share of common stock. These 3 million stock options with 1 year vesting period were valued at approximately $585,000. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded approximately $161,000 and $423,000 of stock-based compensation costs, respectively. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model are disclosed above.

On October 10, 2021, the Company also issued to Ms. Jane Harness, the Senior Vice President, Clinical Sciences and Portfolio Management of the Company, 500,000 stock options to purchase common stock, which are exercisable for 10 years at $0.24 per share of common stock. These stock options with 1 year vesting period were valued at approximately $98,000. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded approximately $27,000 and $71,000 of related stock-based compensation cost, respectively. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model are disclosed above.

On September 11, 2020, the Company issued to Ms. Harness 58,394 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company also issued 172,987 stock options to purchase common stock. These stock options with 3 years vesting period were valued at approximately $33,000 and these 58,394 shares of the Company’s common stock were valued at approximately $13,000, based on the closing bid price as quoted on the OTC on September 11, 2020 at $0.22 per share. During the years ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded approximately $15,000 of stock-based compensation expense in connection with the foregoing equity awards, including approximately $11,000 of stock option expense and $4,000 of stock awards. During the years ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded approximately $15,000 of stock-based compensation expense in connection with the foregoing equity awards, including approximately $11,000 of stock option expense and $4,000 of stock awards.

On September 1, 2019, the Company issued to Ms. Harness 58,394 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company also issued 172,987 stock options to purchase common stock. These stock options with 3 years vesting period were valued at approximately $20,000, based on the closing bid price as quoted on the OTC on August 30, 2019 at $0.132 per share. During the years ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded approximately $1,000 of stock-based compensation expense in connection with the foregoing equity awards, including approximately $1,000 of stock option expense. During the years ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded approximately $9,000 of stock-based compensation expense in connection with the foregoing equity awards, including approximately $6,000 of stock option expense and $3,000 of stock awards.

Consultants

On January 1, 2022, the Company agreed to issue stock options to purchase 75,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to one consultant for his one-year contract. These stock options were issued with an exercise price of $0.044 per share and vest 33 1/3% on January 1, 2022, 33 1/3% on July 1, 2022 and 33 1/3% on January 1, 2023. The value of these stock options was approximately $3,000. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded approximately $1,000 and $2,000 of related stock-based compensation. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model are disclosed above.

On July 30, 2021, the Company agreed to issue stock options to purchase 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to one consultant for his one-year contract. These stock options were issued with an exercise price of $0.27 per share and vest 33 1/3% on July 30, 2021, 33 1/3% on January 30, 2022, and 33 1/3% on July 30, 2022. The value of these stock options was approximately $19,000. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded approximately $2,000 and $18,000 of related stock-based compensation, respectively. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model are disclosed above.

On July 1, 2021, the Company agreed to issue stock options to purchase 225,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to one consultant for his one-year contract. These stock options were issued with an exercise price of $0.21 per share and vest 33 1/3% on July 1, 2021, 33 1/3% on January 1, 2022, and 33 1/3% on July 1, 2022. The value of these stock options was approximately $33,000. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $0 and approximately $32,000 of related stock-based compensation, respectively. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model are disclosed above.

Exercise of Stock Options

There was no exercise of stock options to purchase Class B common stock during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. During the year ended June 30, 2022, the Company received approximately $23,000 of net proceeds from the exercise of 166,666 stock options to purchase Class A common stock at $0.14 per share.

Forfeiture of Stock Options

There was forfeiture of 490,000 stock options and 2,245,000 stock options to purchase Class A common stock during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, relating to the expiry of stock options of consultants.

Stock Options Issued and Outstanding

The following table summarizes all stock option activity under the Company’s equity incentive plans: 

	Number of Stock Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at June 30, 2021		6,779,935		$	0.35		4.45	$	345,923
Granted		3,900,000		$	0.24		8.75		—
Exercised		(166,666	)	$	0.14		—		—
Forfeited/expired		(2,245,000	)	$	0.54		—		—
Outstanding at June 30, 2022		8,268,269		$	0.25		6.91	$	—
Granted		—		$	—		—		—
Exercised		—		$	—		—		—
Forfeited/expired		(490,000	)	$	0.50		—		—
Outstanding at June 30, 2023		7,778,269		$	0.23		6.31	$	—
Exercisable at June 30, 2023		7,720,607		$	0.23		6.30	$	—
Unvested stock options at June 30, 2023		57,662		$	0.22		7.21	$	—

Restricted Stock Awards Outstanding

The following summarizes our restricted stock activity:  

				Weighted
				Average
	Number of			Grant Date
	Shares			Fair Value
Total awards outstanding at June 30, 2021		116,786		$	0.22
Total shares granted		—		$	—
Total shares vested		(58,394	)	$	0.25
Total shares forfeited		—		$	—
Total unvested shares outstanding at June 30, 2022		58,392		$	0.19
Total shares granted		—		$	—
Total shares vested		(38,928	)	$	0.18
Total shares forfeited		—		$	—
Total unvested shares outstanding at June 30, 2023		19,464		$	0.22

Scheduled vesting for outstanding restricted stock awards at June 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Year Ending June 30,
	2024		Total
Scheduled vesting		19,464		19,464

As of June 30, 2023, there was approximately $1,000 of net unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock-based compensation arrangements. This compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis resulting in approximately $1,000 of compensation expected to be expensed over the next twelve months, and the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense having a weighted average recognition period of 0.2 years.

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Equity Transactions

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity Transactions

Equity Transactions

15. Equity Transactions

$30 million Class A Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Aspire Capital

On July 31, 2020, the Company entered into the 2020 Stock Purchase Agreement (the “2020 Purchase Agreement”) with Aspire Capital Fund, LLC (“Aspire Capital”) which provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, Aspire Capital was committed to purchase up to an aggregate of $30.0 million of the Company’s common stock over the 24-month term of the Agreement. In consideration for entering into the 2020 Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to Aspire Capital 6,250,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock as a commitment fee. The commitment fee of approximately $1.4 million was recorded as deferred financing costs and additional paid-in capital and this asset was be amortized over the life of the 2020 Purchase Agreement. All deferred offering costs were fully amortized on July 31, 2022 (date of expiration of the agreement).

During the period from July 1, 2022 to July 31, 2022 (date of expiration of the agreement), the Company did not sell any shares to Aspire Capital. During the period from July 31, 2020 to June 30, 2022, the Company generated proceeds of approximately $4.6 million under the 2020 Purchase Agreement with Aspire Capital from the sale of approximately 22.5 million shares of its common stock.

Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock (“2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock”)

On December 4, 2020, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Series B-2 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with KIPS Bay Select LP for the sale of an aggregate of 5,089 shares of the Company’s Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock (the “Series B-2 preferred stock”), for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $5.0 million. An initial closing for the sale of 3,053 shares of the Series B-2 preferred stock closed on December 9, 2020 for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $3.0 million, and a second closing for the sale of 2,036 shares of the Series B-2 preferred stock closed on February 8, 2021 for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $2.0 million. Under the Series B-2 Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company also issued to the investors warrants to purchase up to an additional 10,178 shares of preferred stock.

The Series B-2 preferred stock is mandatorily redeemable under certain circumstances and, as such, is presented as a liability on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has elected to measure the value of its preferred stock using the fair value method with offsetting discounts associated with the fair value allocated to the warrants and for the intrinsic value attributed to the beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”). The fair value of the Series B-2 preferred stock (without the warrants) will be assessed at each subsequent reporting date with changes in fair value recorded in the profit and loss as a separate line item below the “loss from operations” section (See ASC 480-10-35-5).

The warrants issued in connection with the Series B-2 preferred stock are deemed to be free standing equity instruments and are recorded in permanent equity under additional paid in capital, based on a relative fair value allocation of proceeds, that is the warrants’ relative fair value to the Series B-2 preferred stock fair value (without the warrants), with an offsetting discount to the Series B-2 preferred stock. Given that the Series B-2 preferred stock is convertible at any time under these features, the underlying warrant discounts were accreted upon issuance and recorded as interest, resulting in no remaining discount to the Series B-2 preferred stock liability after the issuance.

The Company recorded the December 9, 2020 issuance of 3,053 shares Series B-2 Preferred Stock at approximately $2.1 million and the underlying Series 1 and Series 2 warrants at approximately $0.9 million in total by allocating the gross proceeds to Series B-2 preferred stock (without the warrants) and warrants based on their relative fair values or direct valuation as appropriate. The Company recorded BCF of approximately $1.8 million associated with the issuance of the 3,053 shares of Series B-2 preferred stock to additional paid-in capital. The Company then recorded interest of approximately $2.7 million for the BCF and warrant discounts as a first day interest given that the Series B-2 convertible preferred shares can be converted at any time to common stock and given no set term.

The issuance costs associated with the Series B-2 preferred stock transaction were attributed to the Series B-2 preferred stock (without the warrants) and to the Series 1 and Series 2 warrants based on their relative fair values. The issuance costs attributed to the warrants of approximately $10,000 were reflected as a reduction to additional paid-in capital. The issuances costs associated with the Series B-2 preferred stock liability of $25,000 was recorded immediately as an element of interest cost, which are reflected in interest expense - preferred stock on December 11, 2020.

The Company recorded the February 8, 2021 issuance of 2,036 shares Series B-2 Preferred Stock at approximately $1.5 million and the underlying Series 1 and Series 2 warrants at approximately $0.5 million in total by allocating the gross proceeds to Series B-2 preferred stock (without the warrants) and warrants based on their relative fair values or direct valuation as appropriate. The Company recorded BCF of approximately $1.5 million associated with the issuance of the 2,036 shares of Series B-2 preferred stock to additional paid-in capital. The Company then recorded interest of approximately $2.0 million for the BCF and warrant discounts as a first day interest given that the Series B-2 convertible preferred shares can be converted at any time to common stock and given no set term.

Underlying Series B-2 preferred stock dividends, paid quarterly, was accrued as interest (given the liability classification of the Series B-2 preferred stock) on a daily basis given fixed dividend terms under the Series B-2 preferred stock. The 5% accrued dividend is reported in interest expense-preferred stock in the consolidated statements of operation. The Company accrued 5% accrued dividend of $29,000 and $47,000 during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The unpaid accrued dividends of $5,000 and $62,000 was included under current liability as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Terms of the 2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock

The rights and preferences of the preferred stock are set forth in a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B-2 5% Convertible Preferred Stock filed with the Nevada Secretary of State on December 4, 2020 (the “Certificate of Designation”). Each share of preferred stock has an initial stated value of $1,080 and may be converted at any time at the holder’s option into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price equal of the lower of (i) $0.35 until August 15, 2021 and $0.50 thereafter, and (ii) 85% of the lowest volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock on a trading day during the ten trading days prior to and ending on, and including, the conversion date. The conversion price may be adjusted following certain triggering events and subsequent equity sales and is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalization or similar events affecting the Company’s common stock.

The holders of the preferred stock are limited in the amount of stated value of the preferred stock they can convert on any trading day. The conversion cap limits conversions by the holders to the greater of $75,000 and an amount equal to 30% of the aggregate dollar trading volume of the Company’s common stock for the five trading days immediately preceding, and including, the conversion date. However, the conversion cap will be increased if the trading volume in the first 30 minutes of any trading session exceeds certain trailing average daily volume amounts. In addition, the holders of the preferred stock may not convert shares of preferred stock if, after giving effect to the conversion, a holder together with its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock.

Redemption Rights

Following 90 days after the scheduled date for the second closing date, the Company may elect to redeem the preferred stock for 120% of the aggregate stated value then outstanding, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends and all liquidated damages and other amounts due in respect of the preferred stock. The Company’s right to redeem the preferred stock is contingent upon it having complied with a number of conditions, including compliance with its obligations under the Certificate of Designation. Shares of preferred stock generally have no voting rights, except as required by law and except that the Company shall not take certain actions without the consent of the holders of the preferred stock.

2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock warrants

Each share of preferred stock was sold together with two warrants: (i) a Series 1 warrant, which entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of preferred stock at $982.50 per share, or 5,089 shares of preferred stock in the aggregate for approximately $5.0 million in aggregate exercise price, for a period of up to 18 months following issuance, and (ii) a Series 2 warrant, which entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of preferred stock at $982.50 per share, or 5,089 shares of preferred stock in the aggregate for approximately $5.0 million in aggregate exercise price, for a period of up to 24 months following issuance.

Subject to the satisfaction of certain circumstances, the Company may call for cancellation any or all of the warrants following 90 days after their issuance, for a payment in cash equal to 8% of the aggregate exercise price of the warrants being called. The warrants subject to any such call notice will be cancelled 10 days following the Company’s payment of the call fee, provided that the warrant holders have not exercised the warrants prior to cancellation.

Exercise of 2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock warrants

During the year ended June 30, 2023, there was no exercise of warrants because all warrants were exercised since November 4, 2021.

During the year ended June 30, 2022, the Company issued 5,072 shares of its Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $5.0 million, upon exercise of 3,036 Series 1 warrants and exercise of 2,036 Series 2 warrants issued by the Company. With regard to the exercise of these 5,072 warrants, the Company recorded gross proceeds of approximately $5.0 million to the preferred stock liability.

Conversion of 2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock to common stock

During the year ended June 30, 2023, the 2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stockholder converted a total of 260 shares of Series B-2 preferred stock into a total of approximately 25,690,759 shares of common stock. With regard to conversions, the Company reversed Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock liability relating to the conversion and recorded $0.3 million as additional paid-in capital at par value. The Company reversed the amount of approximately $0.3 million based on the proportion of Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock converted relative to the original total issued.

During the year ended June 30, 2022, the 2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stockholder converted a total of 4,452 shares of Series B-2 preferred stock into a total of approximately 69,901,865 shares of common stock. With regard to conversions, the Company reversed Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock liability relating to the conversion and recorded $4.4 million as Additional paid-in capital at par value. The Company reversed the amount of approximately $4.4 million based on the proportion of Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock converted relative to the original total issued.

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock liability was approximately $0.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

The fair value of the Series B convertible preferred stock is measured in accordance with ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurement,” using option pricing methodologies, incorporating the following inputs:

	June 30, 2022
Expected dividend yield		5	%
Expected stock-price volatility		60	%
Risk-free interest rate		2.92	%
Stock price	$	0.03
Exercise price	$	982.5

Treasury Stock

All treasury stock, representing shares of the Company’s common stock that have been acquired for payroll tax withholding on vested stock grants and to satisfy the exercise price on vested stock options, is recorded at its acquisition cost and these shares are not considered outstanding.

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had the total of 10,874,593 treasury shares, representing 8,516,056 shares of Class A common stock and 2,358,537 shares of Class B common stock held in treasury, and they were purchased at a total cumulative cost of approximately $2.3 million as of as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Surrender of Shares

On December 29, 2022, Mr. Ehrlich entered into a Share Surrender Agreement with the Company pursuant to which Mr. Ehrlich permanently surrendered all legal right, title, and interest in 11,307,527 shares of Class B common stock to the Company and relinquished all rights in such shares, free and clear of any liens, mortgages, adverse claims, charges, security interests, encumbrances, any interest of any third party, or other restrictions or limitations whatsoever of any kind. Mr. Ehrlich received no consideration from the Company or any other party in connection with the surrender. Mr. Ehrlich effected the Surrender solely for his individual tax planning purposes. These 11,307,527 shares of Class B common stock were retired and returned to Class B common stock on the same day.

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Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

16. Fair Value Measurements

We disclose and recognize the fair value of our assets and liabilities using a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance establishes three levels of the fair value hierarchy as follows:

Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date;

Level 2: Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data.

Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and preferred stock liability. At June 30, 2023 and 2022, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximated fair value due to their short-term maturities.

The Company has elected to measure its preferred stock using the fair value method. The fair value of the preferred stock is the estimated amount that would be paid to redeem the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company calculates the fair value of the Series B-2 Preferred stock using a lattice model that takes into consideration the future redemption value on the instrument, which is tied to the Company’s stock price.

These valuations are considered to be Level 3 fair value measurements as the significant inputs are unobservable and require significant management judgment or estimation. Considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the Company’s estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company, or holders of the instruments, could realize in a current market exchange. Significant assumptions used in the fair value models include: the estimates of the redemption dates; credit spreads; dividend payments; and the market price of the Company’s common stock. The use of different assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair values.

The table below sets forth a reconciliation of the Company’s beginning and ending Level 3 Series B-2 preferred stock liability balance for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

	FY 2023
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	—
Exercise of Series 1 and 2 warrants		4,983,000
Conversion of Series B-2 preferred stock to common stock		(4,374,000	)
Change in fair value of Series B-2 preferred stock (1)		177,000
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	786,000
Conversion of Series B-2 preferred stock to common stock		(329,000	)
Change in fair value of Series B-2 preferred stock (1)		—
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	457,000

(1)	Change in fair value of preferred stock is reported in interest expense-preferred stock.
(2)	The 5% accrued dividend is reported in interest expense-preferred stock in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company accrued 5% accrued dividend of $29,000 and $47,000 during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The unpaid accrued dividends of $5,000 and $62,000 was included under current liability as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

17. Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the book values and the tax bases of particular assets and liabilities and the tax effects of net operating loss and capital loss carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in the tax rate is recognized as income or expense in the period that included the enactment date.

The Company has a net operating loss carry-forward for federal and state tax purposes of approximately $107.8 million at June 30, 2023, that is potentially available to offset future taxable income. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) changes the rules on net operating loss (NOL) carry-forwards. The 20-year limitation was eliminated for losses incurred after January 1, 2018, giving the taxpayer the ability to carry forward losses indefinitely. However, NOL carry forward arising after January 1, 2018, will now be limited to 80% of taxable income. The $107.8 million available at June 30, 2023 includes $53.0 million of post 2017 NOLs without expiration dates and $54.8 million of pre-2018 NOLs expiring from 2024 to 2037. Given the Company’s projections of taxable income for the years between 2024 and 2037, it’s likely these NOLs will expire unused.

The income tax provision benefit differs from the amount of tax determined by applying the Federal and States statutory rates as follows:  

	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Book income at federal statutory rate		21.00	%		21.00	%
State income tax, net of federal tax benefit		6.32	%		6.32	%
Change in valuation allowance		(17.76	)%		(39.84	)%
Research and development credit		—	%		12.42	%
Permanent difference		—	%		—	%
Change in Federal Statutory Rate		—	%		—	%
Others - net		(9.56	)%		0.10	%
Total		0.00	%		0.00	%

There was no current or deferred provision or benefit for income taxes for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The components of deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (rounded to nearest thousand):

	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carry forwards	$	29,863,962		$	28,888,330
Accrued payroll		394,091			806,829
Stock compensation		2,943,278			2,943,278
General business credit		6,068,138			6,068,138
Other		99,761			99,761
	$	39,369,230		$	38,806,336
Valuation allowance		(39,369,230	)		(38,806,336	)
Total deferred taxes	$	—		$	—

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Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

18. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated events subsequent to June 30, 2023 through the issuance of these consolidated financial statements and determined that there were no additional events requiring disclosure.

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Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include contract research accruals, recoverability of long-lived assets, valuation of equity grants and income tax valuation. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash

Cash consists of bank deposits. There were no cash equivalents at June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Intangible Assets - Patents

Costs incurred to file patent applications and acquired intangibles are capitalized when the Company believes that there is a high likelihood that the patent will be issued and there will be future economic benefit associated with the patent. These costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over a 12 - 17 years life from the date of patent filing. All costs associated with abandoned patent applications are expensed. In addition, the Company will review the carrying value of patents for indicators of impairment on a periodic basis and if it determines that the carrying value is impaired, it values the patent at fair value. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, carrying value of patents was approximately $1,999,000 and $2,312,000, respectively. Amortization expense for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was approximately $373,000 and $382,000, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023, the Company expensed the costs associated with obtaining patents that have not yet resulted in products or gained market acceptance and the Company has or will let these patents go abandoned. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the patent expenses were insignificant.

In accordance with the provisions of the applicable authoritative guidance, the Company’s long-lived assets and amortizable intangible assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of such assets by determining whether their carrying value can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows, including its estimates of revenue driven by assumed market segment share and estimated costs. If impairment is indicated, the Company measures the amount of such impairment by comparing the fair value to the carrying value. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded patent write offs of approximately $0 and $141,000, respectively, and included them in general and administrative expenses.

Certain Risks and Uncertainties

Product Development

We devote significant resources to research and development programs in an effort to discover and develop potential future product candidates. The product candidates in our pipeline are at various stages of preclinical and clinical development. The path to regulatory approval includes three phases of clinical trials in which we collect data to support an application to regulatory authorities to allow us to market a product for treatment of a specified disease. There are many difficulties and uncertainties inherent in research and development of new products, resulting in a high rate of failure. To bring a drug from the discovery phase to regulatory approval, and ultimately to market, takes many years and significant cost. Failure can occur at any point in the process, including after the product is approved, based on post-market factors. New product candidates that appear promising in development may fail to reach the market or may have only limited commercial success because of efficacy or safety concerns, inability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals, limited scope of approved uses, reimbursement challenges, difficulty or excessive costs of manufacture, alternative therapies or infringement of the patents or intellectual property rights of others. Uncertainties in the FDA approval process and the approval processes in other countries can result in delays in product launches and lost market opportunities. Consequently, it is very difficult to predict which products will ultimately be submitted for approval, which have the highest likelihood of obtaining approval and which will be commercially viable and generate profits. Successful results in preclinical or clinical studies may not be an accurate predictor of the ultimate safety or effectiveness of a drug or product candidate.

Expenditures for research, development, and engineering of products are expensed as incurred. For the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred approximately $1.5 million and $4.8 million of research and development costs, respectively.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit and checking accounts that at times exceed federally insured limits of $250,000. Approximately $1.3 million is subject to credit risk at June 30, 2023. However, these cash balances are maintained at creditworthy financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk.

Commitments and Contingencies

The Company follows Subtopic 450-20 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) to report accounting for contingencies. Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company, but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed.

Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. The Company’s legal costs associated with contingent liabilities are recorded to expense as incurred.

Accrued Outsourcing Costs

Substantial portions of our preclinical studies and clinical trials are performed by third-party laboratories, medical centers, contract research organizations and other vendors, or collectively “CROs.” These CROs generally bill monthly or quarterly for services performed, or bill based upon milestone achievement. For preclinical studies, we accrue expenses based upon estimated percentage of work completed and the contract milestones remaining. For clinical studies, expenses are accrued based upon the number of patients enrolled and the duration of the study. We monitor patient enrollment, the progress of clinical studies and related activities to the extent possible through internal reviews of data reported to us by the CROs, correspondence with the CROs and clinical site visits. Our estimates depend on the timeliness and accuracy of the data provided by the CROs regarding the status of each program and total program spending. We periodically evaluate the estimates to determine if adjustments are necessary or appropriate based on information we receive.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities arise from temporary differences associated with differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as measured by the enacted tax rates, which are expected to be in effect when these differences reverse. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current, depending upon the classification of the asset or liabilities to which they relate. Deferred tax assets and liabilities not related to an asset or liability are classified as current or non-current depending on the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company has generated net losses since inception and accordingly has not recorded a provision for income taxes. The deferred tax assets were primarily comprised of federal and state tax net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards. Due to uncertainties surrounding the Company’s ability to generate future taxable income to realize these tax assets, a full valuation allowance has been established to offset the deferred tax assets. Additionally, the future utilization of the NOL carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be subject to an annual limitation as a result of ownership changes that could occur in the future. If necessary, the deferred tax assets will be reduced by any carryforwards that expire prior to utilization as a result of such limitations, with a corresponding reduction of the valuation allowance.

The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC 740-10 “Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (ASC 740-10). The Company has not recognized a liability as a result of the implementation of ASC 740-10. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits has not been provided since there is no unrecognized benefit since the date of adoption. The Company has not recognized interest expense or penalties as a result of the implementation of ASC 740-10. If there were an unrecognized tax benefit, the Company would recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses.

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

Basic and diluted loss per share are computed based on the weighted-average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Except with respect to certain voting, conversion and transfer rights and as otherwise expressly provided in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation or required by applicable law, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock have the same rights and privileges and rank equally, share ratably and are identical in all respects as to all matters. Accordingly, basic and diluted net income (loss) per share are the same for both classes. Common share equivalents consist of stock options, restricted stock, warrants, convertible related party notes payable, and convertible preferred stock. Common share equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, because their effect was anti-dilutive.

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

	Year Ended
	June 30,
	2023			2022
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.01	)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Class A common stock		495,764,410			488,225,673
Class B common stock		10,003,189			15,641,463
Total weighted average shares outstanding		505,767,599			503,867,136
Antidilutive securities not included:
Stock options		7,778,269			8,268,269
Stock options arising from convertible note payable and accrued interest		457,467			508,448
Restricted stock grants		19,463			58,392
Convertible preferred stock		35,571,821			36,000,000
Total		43,827,020			44,835,109

Treasury Stock

The Company accounts for treasury stock using the cost method. The 10,874,593 treasury shares include 8,516,056 shares of Class A common stock and 2,358,537 shares of Class B common stock held in treasury, and they were purchased at a total cumulative cost of approximately $2.3 million as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 (see Note 15. Equity Transactions).

Treasury stock, representing shares of the Company’s common stock that have been acquired for payroll tax withholding on vested stock grants and to satisfy the exercise price on vested stock options, is recorded at its acquisition cost and these shares are not considered outstanding.

Revenue Recognition

The Company follows the guidance of accounting standard ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all the related amendments.

The Company has acquired and further developed license rights to Functional Intellectual Property (“functional IP”) that it licenses to customers for defined license periods. A functional IP license is a license to intellectual property that has significant standalone functionality that does not include supporting or maintaining the intellectual property during the license period. The Company’s patented drug formulas have significant standalone functionality in their abilities to treat a disease or condition. Further, there is no expectation that the Company will undertake any activities to change the functionality of the drug formulas during the license periods (see Note 8. Exclusive License Agreement and Patent Assignment Agreement).

Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services.

Pursuant to ASC 606, a customer is a party that has contracted with an entity to obtain goods or services that are an output of the entity’s ordinary activities in exchange for consideration.

To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps:

(i)	identify the contract(s) with a customer;
(ii)	identify the performance obligations in the contract, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract;
(iii)	determine the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration;
(iv)	allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
(v)	recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. If a promised good or service is not distinct, it is combined with other performance obligations. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

The terms of the Company’s licensing agreement include the following:

(i)	up-front fees;
(ii)	milestone payments related to the achievement of development, regulatory, or commercial goals; and
(iii)	royalties on net sales of licensed products.

License of Intellectual Property: If the license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable, up-front fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. If not distinct, the license is combined with other performance obligations in the contract. For licenses that are combined with other performance obligations, the Company assesses the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition.

Milestone Payments: At the inception of each arrangement that includes developmental and regulatory milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the achievement of each milestone specifically relates to the Company’s efforts to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service within a performance obligation. If the achievement of a milestone is considered a direct result of the Company’s efforts to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service and the receipt of the payment is based upon the achievement of the milestone, the associated milestone value is allocated to that distinct good or service. If the milestone payment is not specifically related to the Company’s effort to satisfy a performance obligation or transfer a distinct good or service, the amount is allocated to all performance obligations using the relative standalone selling price method. The Company also evaluates the milestone to determine whether they are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price to be allocated, otherwise, such amounts are constrained and excluded from the transaction price. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability of achievement of such development milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimate of the transaction price. Any such adjustments to the transaction price are allocated to the performance obligations on the same basis as at contract inception. Amounts allocated to a satisfied performance obligation shall be recognized as revenue, or as a reduction of revenue, in the period in which the transaction price changes.

Royalties: For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company will recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied) in accordance with the royalty recognition constraint.

Accounting for Stock Based Compensation

The stock-based compensation expense incurred by the Company for employees, non-employees and directors in connection with its equity incentive plan is based on ASC 718, and the fair market value of the equity awards is measured at the grant date.

Awards with service-based vesting conditions only: Expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.

Awards with performance-based vesting conditions: Expense is not recognized until it is determined that it is probable the performance-based conditions will be met. When achievement of a performance-based condition is probable, a catch-up of expense will be recorded as if the award had been vesting on a straight-line basis from the award date. The award will continue to be expensed on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period basis until a higher performance-based condition is met, if applicable.

Awards with market-based vesting conditions: Expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the lesser of the derived service period or the explicit service period if one is present. However, if the market condition is satisfied prior to the end of the requisite service period, the Company will accelerate all remaining expense to be recognized.

Awards with both performance-based and market-based vesting conditions: If an award vesting or exercisability is conditional upon the achievement of either a market condition or performance or service conditions, the requisite service period is generally the shortest of the explicit, implicit, and derived service period.

We have elected to use the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options on the dates of grant. Restricted stock units are measured based on the fair market values of the underlying stock on the dates of grant. The grant date is also the valuation date for the non-employee awards. We recognize stock-based compensation using the straight-line method.

Investments

For those investments in common stock or in-substance common stock in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee, the investment is accounted for under the equity method. For those investments in which the Company does not have such significant influence, the Company applies the accounting guidance for certain investments in debt and equity securities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). This standard requires a financial asset to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The financial assets of the Company in scope of ASU 2016-13 will primarily be accounts receivable. The Company will estimate an allowance for expected credit losses on accounts receivable that result from the inability of customers to make required payments. In estimating the allowance for expected credit losses, consideration will be given to the current aging of receivables, historical experience, and a review for potential bad debts. The Company adopted this guidance in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 and it did not have an impact on its results of operations, financial position, and disclosures.

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Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Schedule of basic and diluted earning per share

	Year Ended
	June 30,
	2023			2022
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.01	)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Class A common stock		495,764,410			488,225,673
Class B common stock		10,003,189			15,641,463
Total weighted average shares outstanding		505,767,599			503,867,136
Antidilutive securities not included:
Stock options		7,778,269			8,268,269
Stock options arising from convertible note payable and accrued interest		457,467			508,448
Restricted stock grants		19,463			58,392
Convertible preferred stock		35,571,821			36,000,000
Total		43,827,020			44,835,109

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Equity Investment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity Investment

Schedule of equity investments

	June 30,			June 30,
	2023			2022
BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd.
Ownership Interest		35.7	%		35.7	%
Carrying Amount
Total contributions	$	4,000,000		$	4,000,000
Less: Share of the loss in investment in BTL		(194,000	)		(22,000	)
Equity losses in excess of investment	$	3,806,000		$	3,978,000

Summary of balance sheet for the Company's equity method investee

	June 30,			June 30,
BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd.	2023			2022
Assets
Cash	$	575,000		$	3,850,000
Short term investment		2,694,000			—
Other current assets		144,000			1,000
Total current assets	$	3,413,000		$	3,851,000
Long-term assets		162,000			—
Total assets	$	3,575,000		$	3,851,000
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities	$	230,000		$	195,000
Long-term liabilities		101,000			—
Total liabilities	$	331,000		$	195,000
Equity
Equity	$	3,804,000		$	3,735,000
Accumulated deficits		(560,000	)		(79,000	)
Total equity		3,244,000			3,656,000
Total liabilities and equity	$	3,575,000		$	3,851,000

Summary of income statement information for equity method investee

				For the period
				From June 9, 2022
	For the Year Ended			(date of acquisition)
	June 30,			to June 30,
BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd.	2023			2022
Net sales and revenue	$	25,000		$	—
Research and development costs	$	533,000		$	7,000
Administrative expenses		100,000			55,000
Total operating expense		633,000			62,000
Loss from operations	$	(608,000	)	$	(62,000	)
Other income (expense)		127,000			(1,000	)
Net loss	$	(481,000	)	$	(63,000	)

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Patents net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Patents net

Schedule of patents

	Useful life (years)		June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Purchased Patent Rights- Brilacidin and related compounds		14	$	4,082,000		$	4,082,000
Purchased Patent Rights-Anti-microbial- surfactants and related compounds		12		144,000			144,000
Patents - Kevetrin and related compounds		17		1,206,000			1,146,000
Total patents cost				5,432,000			5,372,000
Less: Accumulated amortization				(3,433,000	)		(3,060,000	)
Patents, net			$	1,999,000		$	2,312,000

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Accrued Expenses Related Parties and Other (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accrued Expenses Related Parties and Other

Schedule of accrued expenses

	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Accrued research and development consulting fees	$	49,000	$	80,000
Accrued rent - related parties (Note 11. Related Party Transactions)		8,000		8,000
Accrued interest - related parties (Note 12. Convertible Note Payable - Related Party)		16,000		4,000
Total	$	73,000	$	92,000

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Accrued Salaries and Payroll Taxes Related Parties And Other (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accrued Salaries and Payroll Taxes Related Parties And Other (Tables)

Schedule of accrued salaries and payroll taxes

	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Accrued salaries - related parties	$	1,543,000	$	1,492,000
Accrued payroll taxes - related parties		71,000		71,000
Withholding tax - payroll		76,000		77,000
Total	$	1,690,000	$	1,640,000

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Operating Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Operating Leases

Schedule of components of lease expense

	Year Ended June 30, 2023
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost (included in general and administrative in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations)	$	26,000
Variable lease cost		12,000
	$	38,000
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for the year ended June 30, 2023	$	197,000
Weighted average remaining lease term – operating leases (in years)		0.25
Average discount rate – operating leases		18	%

Schedule of operating lease liabilities

	At June 30, 2023
Operating leases
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$	55,000
Long-term operating lease liabilities		—
Total operating lease liabilities	$	55,000

Schedule of maturities of the lease liabilities

	Operating Leases
Fiscal Year Ending June 30,
2024 (remaining 3 months)	$	56,000
Total lease payments		56,000
Less: Imputed interest/present value discount		(1,000	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	55,000

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Equity Incentive Plans StockBased Compensation Exercise of Options and Warrants Outstanding (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity Incentive Plans StockBased Compensation Exercise of Options and Warrants Outstanding

Schedule of fair value of the warrants assumptions

	Year ended June 30,
	2022
Expected term (in years)	5-10
Expected stock price volatility		80.84% to 112.37	%
Risk-free interest rate		0.69% to 1.61	%
Expected dividend yield		0

Components of stock-based compensation expense

	Years ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Research and development expenses	$	46,000	$	160,000
General and administrative expenses		161,000		423,000
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	207,000	$	583,000

Schedule of stock option activity

	Number of Stock Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at June 30, 2021		6,779,935		$	0.35		4.45	$	345,923
Granted		3,900,000		$	0.24		8.75		—
Exercised		(166,666	)	$	0.14		—		—
Forfeited/expired		(2,245,000	)	$	0.54		—		—
Outstanding at June 30, 2022		8,268,269		$	0.25		6.91	$	—
Granted		—		$	—		—		—
Exercised		—		$	—		—		—
Forfeited/expired		(490,000	)	$	0.50		—		—
Outstanding at June 30, 2023		7,778,269		$	0.23		6.31	$	—
Exercisable at June 30, 2023		7,720,607		$	0.23		6.30	$	—
Unvested stock options at June 30, 2023		57,662		$	0.22		7.21	$	—

Schedule of Restricted Stock Award Activity

				Weighted
				Average
	Number of			Grant Date
	Shares			Fair Value
Total awards outstanding at June 30, 2021		116,786		$	0.22
Total shares granted		—		$	—
Total shares vested		(58,394	)	$	0.25
Total shares forfeited		—		$	—
Total unvested shares outstanding at June 30, 2022		58,392		$	0.19
Total shares granted		—		$	—
Total shares vested		(38,928	)	$	0.18
Total shares forfeited		—		$	—
Total unvested shares outstanding at June 30, 2023		19,464		$	0.22

Schedule of vesting outstanding restricted stock

	Year Ending June 30,
	2024		Total
Scheduled vesting		19,464		19,464

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Equity Transactions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Equity Transactions

Schedule of fair value of convertible preferred stock

	June 30, 2022
Expected dividend yield		5	%
Expected stock-price volatility		60	%
Risk-free interest rate		2.92	%
Stock price	$	0.03
Exercise price	$	982.5

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Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Measurements

Schedule of Change in fair value of preferred stock

	FY 2023
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	—
Exercise of Series 1 and 2 warrants		4,983,000
Conversion of Series B-2 preferred stock to common stock		(4,374,000	)
Change in fair value of Series B-2 preferred stock (1)		177,000
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	786,000
Conversion of Series B-2 preferred stock to common stock		(329,000	)
Change in fair value of Series B-2 preferred stock (1)		—
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	457,000

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Income Taxes

Schedule of federal statutory rate

	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Book income at federal statutory rate		21.00	%		21.00	%
State income tax, net of federal tax benefit		6.32	%		6.32	%
Change in valuation allowance		(17.76	)%		(39.84	)%
Research and development credit		—	%		12.42	%
Permanent difference		—	%		—	%
Change in Federal Statutory Rate		—	%		—	%
Others - net		(9.56	)%		0.10	%
Total		0.00	%		0.00	%

Schedule of deferred tax assets

	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carry forwards	$	29,863,962		$	28,888,330
Accrued payroll		394,091			806,829
Stock compensation		2,943,278			2,943,278
General business credit		6,068,138			6,068,138
Other		99,761			99,761
	$	39,369,230		$	38,806,336
Valuation allowance		(39,369,230	)		(38,806,336	)
Total deferred taxes	$	—		$	—

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Liquidity Going Concern and Managements Plan (Details Narrative) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Liquidity Going Concern and Managements Plan
Cash	$ 1.5
Total Current Liabilities	5.0
Net Loss	(3.2)
Working Capital	3.4
Cash flow from operations	$ (2.1)

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Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$ (0.01)	$ (0.01)
Total weighted average shares outstanding	505,767,599	503,867,136
Stock options	7,778,269	8,268,269
Stock options arising from convertible note payable and accrued interest	457,467	508,448
Restricted stock grants	19,463	58,392
Total	35,571,821	36,000,000
Convertible preferred stock	43,827,020	44,835,109
Common Class A Member
Total weighted average shares outstanding	495,764,410	488,225,673
Common Class B Member
Total weighted average shares outstanding	10,003,189	15,641,463

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Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Value of patent	$ 1,999,000	$ 2,312,000
Patent Write off	0	141,000
Amortization expenses	$ 373,000	$ 382,000
Treasury stock, shares	10,874,593	10,874,593
Expenses for research and development	$ 1,500,000	$ 4,800,000
Federally isured limit	250,000
Credit risk	1,300,000
Treasury Stocks [Member]
Purchase values of shares	$ 2,300,000	$ 2,300,000.0
Common Class A Member
Treasury stock, shares	8,516,056
Common Class B Member
Treasury stock, shares	2,358,537

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Equity Investment (Details) - BT BeaMedical Technologies Limited ("BTL") [Member] - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Ownership interest	35.70%	35.70%
Total contributions	$ 4,000,000	$ 4,000,000
Less: Share of the loss in investment in BTL	(194,000)	(22,000)
Equity losses in excess of investment	$ 3,806,000	$ 3,978,000

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Equity Investment (Details 1) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Total current assets	$ 1,634,000	$ 3,952,000
Total assets	7,517,000	10,379,000
Current liabilities	5,021,000	4,808,000
Total liabilities	5,478,000	5,649,000
Equity	129,566,000	129,090,000
Accumulated deficits	(125,325,000)	(122,157,000)
Total equity	2,039,000	4,730,000	$ 7,509,000
Total liabilities and equity	7,517,000	10,379,000
BT BeaMedical Technologies Limited [Member]
Cash	575,000	3,850,000
Short term investment	2,694,000	0
Other current assets	144,000	1,000
Total current assets	3,413,000	3,851,000
Long-term assets	162,000	0
Total assets	3,575,000	3,851,000
Current liabilities	230,000	195,000
Long-term liabilities	101,000	0
Total liabilities	331,000	195,000
Equity	3,804,000	3,735,000
Accumulated deficits	(560,000)	(79,000)
Total equity	3,244,000	3,656,000
Total liabilities and equity	$ 3,575,000	$ 3,851,000

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Equity Investment (Details 2) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Research and development costs		$ 1,462,000	$ 4,814,000
Total operating expenses		2,939,000	6,917,000
Loss from operations		(3,111,000)	(6,921,000)
Net loss		(3,168,000)	$ (7,041,000)
BT BeaMedical Technologies Ltd [Member]
Net sales and revenue	$ 0	25,000
Research and development costs	7,000	533,000
Administrative expenses	55,000	100,000
Total operating expenses	62,000	633,000
Loss from operations	(62,000)	(608,000)
Other income (expense)	(1,000)	127,000
Net loss	$ (63,000)	$ (481,000)

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Equity Investment (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023
Equity Investment contribution		$ 4,000,000
Cash balance		600,000
Equity in loss from equity investment	$ 22,000	172,000
Incurred a loss of BTL	$ 63,000	481,000
Short term deposits of BTL		$ 2,700,000
BT BeaMedical Technologies Limited ("BTL") [Member] | Purchase Agreement [Member]
Description of Equity Investment	a company established under the laws of the State of Israel (“BTL”), pursuant to which the Company purchased 55,556 shares of BTL’s Series A Redeemable Preferred Shares (the “Series A Shares”) and a warrant to purchase 27,778 Series A Shares for aggregate consideration of $4,000,000, or approximately $72.00 per Series A Share. Following the closing under the Purchase Agreement, the Company owns approximately 35.7% of BTL’s issued and outstanding equity securities and approximately 41.6% of BTL’s equity securities on a fully diluted basis

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Patents net (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Total Patents, gross	$ 5,432,000	$ 5,372,000
Less : Accumulated amortization	(3,433,000)	(3,060,000)
Total Patents, net	1,999,000	2,312,000
Patents Two [Member]
Total Patents, gross	$ 144,000	144,000
Useful life	12 years
Patents Three [Member]
Total Patents, gross	$ 1,206,000	1,146,000
Useful life	17 years
Patents One [Member]
Total Patents, gross	$ 4,082,000	$ 4,082,000
Useful life	14 years

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Patents net (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Amortization expense		$ 373,000	$ 382,000
General and administrative expenses	$ 141,000
Patents [Member]
June 30, 2024		372,000
June 30, 2025		372,000
June 30, 2026		362,000
June 30, 2027		360,000
June 30, 2028 and Thereafter		$ 533,000
Patents [Member] | Minimum [Member] | IntangibleAssets [Member]
Future Amortization Period		2 years 2 months 4 days
Estimated remaining useful lives of the assets		12 years
Patents [Member] | Maximum [Member] | IntangibleAssets [Member]
Future Amortization Period		16 years 9 months
Estimated remaining useful lives of the assets		17 years

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Accrued Expenses - Related Parties and Other (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Accrued Expenses Related Parties and Other
Accrued research and development consulting fees	$ 49,000	$ 80,000
Accrued rent - related parties (Note 11. Related Party Transactions)	8,000	8,000
Accrued interest - related parties (Note 12. Convertible Note Payable - Related Party)	16,000	4,000
Total	$ 73,000	$ 92,000

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Accrued Salaries and Payroll Taxes - Related Parties and Other (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Accrued Salaries and Payroll Taxes Related Parties and Other
Accrued Salaries - Related Parties	$ 1,543,000	$ 1,492,000
Accrued Payroll Taxes - Related Parties	71,000	71,000
Withholding Tax - Payroll	76,000	77,000
Total	$ 1,690,000	$ 1,640,000

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Exclusive License Agreement and Patent Assignment Agreement (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	May 03, 2022	Jul. 18, 2019
Non-refundable Payment	$ 400,000
License Agreement [Member]
Non-refundable Payment			$ 400,000
Additional Payments Payable Upon Achievement Of Certain Milestones Under Agreement By Related Party			24,000,000.0
Payment Due Following Commencement Of First Phase Iii Clinical Trial Of Brilacidin			1,000,000.0
Payment Due Upon Filing Of A Marketing Approval Application			$ 1,000,000.0
FCCDC's third-party license of broad-spectrum anti-fungals		$ 18,000

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Operating Leases (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost (included in general and administrative in the Company's consolidated statements of operations)	$ 26,000
Variable lease cost	12,000
Total operating cost	38,000
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities for the year ended June 30, 2023	$ 197,000
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years)	3 months
Average discount rate - operating leases	18.00%

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Operating Leases (Details 1) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Operating Leases
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$ 55,000	$ 197,000
Long-term operating lease liabilities	0	$ 55,000
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 55,000

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Operating Leases (Details 2)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Fiscal Year Ending June 30,
2024 (remaining 3 months)	$ 56,000
Total lease payments	56,000
Less: Imputed interest/present value discount	(1,000)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 55,000

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Operating Leases (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating Leases
Amortization of the right-of-use asset	$ 27,000
Operating lease cost	26,000	$ 59,000
Impairment loss	$ 643,000
Operating lease carrying value			$ 0

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Contractual commitments	$ 600,000
Ex-President of Research [Member]
Accrued salaries and payroll taxes	1,443,000
Accounts payable	$ 1,486,000

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Related Party Transactions (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Accrued Expenses	$ 8,000	$ 8,000
Accounts Payable	2,985,000	2,567,000
Clinical Studies [Member]
Accrued Expenses	8,000	8,000
Accounts Payable	$ 1,486,000	$ 1,486,000

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Convertible Note Payable Related Party (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 07, 2012	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	May 08, 2012
Total outstanding balance of principal and interest		$ 229,000	$ 254,000
Accrued interest - related parties		$ 16,000	4,000
Ehrlich Promissory Note C [Member]
Exercise price	$ 0.51
Principal balance of demand notes				$ 2,022,000
Equity incentive shares	2,000,000
Closing bid price per share	$ 0.46
Percentage of closing bid price	110.00%
Ehrlich Promissory Note C [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Interest rate				9.00%
Ehrlich Promissory Note C [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Interest rate				10.00%
Originated In 2010 [Member] | Ehrlich Promissory Note C [Member]
Interest rate		9.00%
Common stock price per share		$ 0.50
Mr. Ehrlich [Member]
Repayment of note payable to officer		$ 213,000	250,000
Principal balance of demand notes		$ 37,000	$ 1,033,000
Mr. Ehrlich [Member] | December 29, 2010 [Member]
Exercise price		$ 0.11
Option issued		18,000,000

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Loan payable (Details Narrative) - Paycheck Protection Program [Member] - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 10, 2020	Apr. 19, 2021	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Loan Forgivness				$ 172,000
Monthly payroll expenses			$ 2,500,000
Loan Proceeds	$ 93,000	$ 79,000

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Equity Incentive Plans, Stock-Based Compensation, Exercise of Stock Options and Warrants Outstanding (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022
Expected Stock Price Volatility, maximum	112.37%
Expected Stock Price Volatility, minimum	80.84%
Risk-free Interest Rate, minimum	0.69%
Risk-free Interest Rate, maximum	1.61%
Expected Dividend Yield	0.00%
Minimum [Member] | Stock Option [Member]
Expected Term (in Years)	5 years
Maximum [Member] | Stock Option [Member]
Expected Term (in Years)	10 years

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Equity Incentive Plans StockBased Compensation Exercise of Options and Warrants Outstanding (Details 1) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Total Stock-based Compensation Expense	$ 207,000	$ 583,000
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Total Stock-based Compensation Expense	161,000	423,000
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Total Stock-based Compensation Expense	$ 46,000	$ 160,000

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Equity Incentive Plans StockBased Compensation Exercise of Options and Warrants Outstanding (Details 2) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Exercised	(7,778,269)	(8,268,269)
Stock Option [Member]
Beginning Balance, Outstanding	8,268,269	6,779,935
Granted		3,900,000
Exercised		(166,666)
Forfeited/expired	(490,000)	(2,245,000)
Ending Balance, Outstanding	7,778,269	8,268,269	6,779,935
Exercisable, ending	7,720,607
Unvested Stock Options ending	57,662
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning Balance	$ 0.25	$ 0.35
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted		0.24
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised		0.14
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited/expired	0.50	0.54
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Ending Balance	0.23	$ 0.25	$ 0.35
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercisable ending	0.23
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Unvested Stock Options ending	$ 0.22
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	6 years 3 months 21 days	6 years 10 months 28 days	4 years 5 months 12 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Granted		8 years 9 months
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Exercisable	6 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Unvested Stock Options	7 years 2 months 15 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Beginning	$ 0	$ 345,923

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Equity Incentive Plans StockBased Compensation Exercise of Options and Warrants Outstanding (Details 3) - Restricted Stock [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Beginning Balance, Outstanding	58,392	116,786
Total Shares Granted		0
Total Shares Vested	(38,928)	(58,394)
Ending Balance, Outstanding	19,464	58,392
Weighted Average, Beginning Balance	$ 0.19	$ 0.22
Weighted Average, Total Shares Granted	0
Weighted Average, Total Shares Vested	0.18	0.25
Weighted Average, Total Shares Forfeited	0
Weighted Average, Ending Balance	$ 0.22	$ 0.19

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Equity Incentive Plans StockBased Compensation Exercise of Options and Warrants Outstanding (Details 4)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 shares
Total Scheduled Vesting	19,464
Year Ending June 30, 2024 [Member]
Total Scheduled Vesting	19,464

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Equity Incentive Plans StockBased Compensation Exercise of Options and Warrants Outstanding (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Unrecognized Compensation	$ 1,000
Proceeds from exercise of options	0	$ 23,000
Stock Option		166,666
Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,000
Weighted average recognition period	2 months 12 days
Stock-based compensation cost	$ 207,000	$ 583,000
Stock Option Exercise Price		$ 0.14
On October Ten Two Thousand Twenty [Member]
Stock Options To Purchase Shares	1
Stock-based compensation cost	$ 27,000	$ 71,000
Stock Option Exercise Price	$ 0.24
Exercisable Period	10 years
Stock Issue, Value	$ 98,000
Amortization Period Of Restricted Stock	1 year
February 23, 2020 [Member] | 2016 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Annual Limit Description	the Board of Directors approved an amendment to Section 4.1 of the 2016 Plan to increase the annual limit on the number of awards under such Plan to outside directors from 250,000 to 1,500,000
October 10, 2021 [Member] | 2016 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Annual Limit Description	the Board of Directors approved amendments to the 2016 Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock available for issuance thereunder to 225,000,000 shares and to increase the annual limit on the number of awards under such Plan to outside directors from 1,500,000 to 5,000,000, among other changes
June 30, 2016 [Member] | 2016 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Stock Option Vested Or To Be Vested, Description	Up to 225,000,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock may be issued under the 2016 Plan (subject to adjustment as described in the 2016 Plan).
Mr. Ehrlich [Member] | On October Ten Two Thousand Twenty One [Member]
Stock Options To Purchase Shares	500,000
Stock-based compensation cost	$ 161,000	423,000
Stock Option Exercise Price	$ 0.24
Exercisable Period	10 years
Stock Issue, Value	$ 585,000
Amortization Period Of Restricted Stock	1 year
Ms Jane Harness [Member] | On September 11, 2020 [Member]
Stock Options To Purchase Shares	172,987
Stock Option Exercise Price	$ 0.22
Stock Based Compensation Expenses	$ 15,000	15,000
Stock Issue, Value	$ 33,000
Stock Issued, Shares	58,394
Stock Awards	$ 4,000	4,000
Stock Option Expenses	$ 11,000	11,000
Vested Shares	58,394
Common Stock Value	$ 13,000
Amortization Period Of Restricted Stock	3 years
Ms Jane Harness [Member] | On September 1, 2019 [Member]
Stock Options To Purchase Shares	172,987
Stock Option Exercise Price	$ 0.132
Exercisable Period	3 years
Stock Based Compensation Expenses	$ 1,000	9,000
Stock Issued, Shares	58,394
Stock Awards		3,000
Stock Option Expenses	$ 1,000	6,000
Closing Bid Price	$ 20,000
one Consultant [Member] | January 1, 2022 [Member]
Stock Options To Purchase Shares	75,000
Stock-based compensation cost	$ 1,000	2,000
Stock Issue, Value	$ 3,000
Stock Options, Vested Percentage Description	vest 33 1/3% on January 1, 2022, 33 1/3% on July 1, 2022 and 33 1/3% on January 1, 2023
Stock Option Exercise Price	$ 0.044
Two Consultant [Member] | July 30, 2021 [Member]
Stock Options To Purchase Shares	100,000
Stock-based compensation cost	$ 2,000	18,000
Stock Option Exercise Price	$ 0.27
Stock Issue, Value	$ 19,000
Stock Options, Vested Percentage Description	vest 33 1/3% on July 30, 2021, 33 1/3% on January 30, 2022, and 33 1/3% on July 30, 2022
Three Consultant [Member] | July 1, 2021 [Member]
Stock Options To Purchase Shares	225,000
Stock-based compensation cost	$ 0	32,000
Stock Option Exercise Price	$ 0.21
Stock Issue, Value	$ 33,000
Stock Options, Vested Percentage Description	vest 33 1/3% on July 1, 2021, 33 1/3% on January 1, 2022, and 33 1/3% on July 1, 2022
Four Consultant [Member] | February 10, 2021 [Member]
Stock Options To Purchase Shares	75,000
Stock-based compensation cost	$ 0	$ 7,000
Stock Option Exercise Price	$ 0.38
Stock Issue, Value	$ 20,000
Stock Options, Vested Percentage Description	vest 33 1/3% on February 10, 2021, 33 1/3% on July 1, 2021, and 33 1/3% on January 1, 2022
Common Class A Member
Forfeiture of Stock Options	490,000	2,245,000
Common Stock Value	$ 51,000	$ 49,000

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Equity Transactions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 $ / shares
Equity Transactions
Expected dividend yield	5.00%
Expected stock-price volatility	60.00%
Risk-free interest rate	2.92%
Stock price	$ 0.03
Exercise price	$ 982.5

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Equity Transaction (Details Narrative) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	7 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Feb. 08, 2021	Dec. 09, 2020	Dec. 04, 2020	Jul. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 29, 2022	Jul. 30, 2022
Redeem preferred stock							5.00%
Accrued Dividends Under Current Liability								$ 62,000
Common Class A Member
Treasury Stock Shares							8,516,056	8,516,056
Common Class B Member
Treasury Stock Shares							2,358,537	2,358,537
Gross Proceeds	$ 500,000
Common Stock, Shares Issued									11,307,527
Cumulative Cost							$ 2,300,000
Common Class B Member | October 2, 2020 [Member] | Mr. Ehrlich [Member]
Sale Of Aggregate Shares	2,036
Common Class B Member | Mr. Ehrlich [Member]
Treasury Stock Shares							10,874,593	10,874,593
Common Stock Held Satisfy Exercise Price									$ 11,307,527
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | 2020 Series B 5% Convertible Preferred Stock 1 [Member]
Accrued Dividends Under Current Liability							$ 29,000	$ 47,000
Accrued dividend							5,000	62,000
Warrants Amount	$ 1,500,000	$ 2,100,000
Gross Proceeds		$ 900,000
Preferred Stock Liability					$ 25,000
Sale Of Aggregate Shares	2,036	3,053	5,089
Warrant Discounts	$ 2.0	$ 2,700,000
Reduction In Warrant Additional Paid-in Capital	$ 10,000
Conversion Amount Limits			$ 75,000
Initial Stated Value,preferred Stock			$ 1,080
Conversion Percentage			30.00%
Beneficially Own In Excess Coversion			9.99%
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | 2020 Series B 5% Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Gross Proceeds		$ 3.0	$ 5.0
Sale Of Aggregate Shares		3,053
Additional Warrant Purchase	10,178
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock warrants [Member] | Exercise of 2020 Series B 5% Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants 1 [Member]
Gross Proceeds			$ 2.0
Convertible Preferred Stock, Shares			3,053
Convertible Preferred Stock, Exercise						3,053
Convertible Preferred Stock Liabilities							$ 500,000	$ 800,000
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock warrants [Member] | Exercise of 2020 Series B 2.5% Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant [Member]
Convertible Preferred Stock, Shares								5,072
Proceeds for convertible preferred stock								$ 5.0
Proceeds for preferred stock liability								$ 5.0
Convertible Preferred Stock, Exercise								5,072
Warrant Shares								3,036
Convertible Preferred Stock, Outstanding								2,036
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock warrants [Member] | Conversion of 2020 Series B-2 5% convertible preferred stock to common stock [Member]
Convertible preferred stockholder							260	4,452
Gross Proceeds							$ 25,690,759	$ 69,901,865
Convertible Preferred Stock Into Common Stock							300,000	4,400,000
Reversed Amount							$ 300,000	$ 4,400,000
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock warrants [Member] | 2020 Series B 5% Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant [Member]
Per Share							$ 982.50
Preferred Stock Shares							5,089
Preferred Stock Amount							$ 5,000,000.0
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock warrants [Member] | 2020 Series B 5% Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant 1 [Member]
Per Share							$ 982.50
Preferred Stock Shares							5,089
Preferred Stock Amount							$ 5,000,000.0
Cash Payment Percentage							8.00%
Class A Common Stock [Member] | Tewnty thousand twenty Agreement [Member] | Aspire Capital [Member]
Common Stock, Shares Issued										6,250,000
Aggregate Purchase				$ 4,600,000			$ 30,000
Aggregate Purchase, commmon shares				22,500,000
Commitment fee					$ 1,400,000

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Fair Value Measurement (Details) - Series B-2 Preferred Stock [Member] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Beginning Balance	$ 786,000	$ 0
Exercise of Series 1 and 2 warrants		4,983,000
Conversion of Series B-2 preferred stock to common stock	(329,000)	(4,374,000)
Change in fair value of Series B-2 preferred stock	0	177,000
Ending Balance	$ 457,000	$ 786,000

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Fair Value Measurement (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Fair Value Measurements
Unpaid Accrued Dividends	$ 5,000	$ 62,000
Accrued dividend	5.00%
Interest expense - preferred stock	$ 29,000	$ 47,000

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Income Taxes (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Income Taxes
Book income at federal statutory rate	21.00%	21.00%
State income tax, net of federal tax benefit	6.32%	6.32%
Change in valuation allowance	(17.76%)	(39.84%)
General business credit	0.00%	12.42%
Permanent difference	0.00%	0.00%
Change in Federal Statutory Rate	0.00%	0.00%
Others - net	(9.56%)	0.10%
Total	0.00%	0.00%

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Income Taxes (Details 1) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Deferred tax asset:
Net operating loss carry forwards	$ 29,863,962	$ 28,888,330
Accrued payroll	394,091	806,829
Stock compensation	2,943,278	2,943,278
General business credit	6,068,138	6,068,138
Other	99,761	99,761
Deferred tax assets, Total	39,369,230	38,806,336
Valuation allowance	(39,369,230)	(38,806,336)
Total deferred taxes	$ 0	$ 0

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Income Taxes (Details Narrative) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Income Taxes
Description for the ability to carryforward losses	The 20-year limitation was eliminated for losses incurred after January 1, 2018, giving the taxpayer the ability to carry forward losses indefinitely. However, NOL carry forward arising after January 1, 2018, will now be limited to 80% of taxable income. The $107.8 million available at June 30, 2023 includes $53.0 million of post 2017 NOLs without expiration dates and $54.8 million of pre-2018 NOLs expiring from 2024 to 2037
Operating loss carryforward	$ 107.8