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BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2013
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

        The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2013 should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on March 6, 2013. The Company's accounting policies are more fully described in the Annual Report. The preparation of the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make judgments in selecting appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates, which inherently contain some degree of uncertainty. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The following discussion addresses the Company's most critical accounting policies, which require management's most difficult, subjective and complex judgments.

Basis of Presentation

        The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been recorded. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2013.

        The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2012 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for the complete financial statements.

        For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Principles of Consolidation

        Wholly owned subsidiaries and majority owned ventures where the Company has operating and financial control, as well as variable interest entities where the Company has been deemed the primary beneficiary with power and ability to control, are consolidated. Those ventures where the Company exercises significant influence, but does not exercise operating and financial control, are accounted for under the equity method. The Company uses the purchase method of accounting for all business combinations. Results of subsidiaries acquired and accounted for under the purchase method are included in operations from the date of acquisition. Noncontrolling interests represent a noncontrolling shareholder's proportionate share of the equity in certain of the Company's consolidated entities. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. Disposals are reflected at the time risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred.

        The Company is the primary beneficiary of the Channel 31 Group, a variable interest entity consisting of a 20% participation interest in Teleradiokompaniya 31st Kanal LLP ("Channel 31"), and a 70% and 60% interest in Prim LLP and Advertising and Marketing LLP, respectively, which provide programming content and the advertising sales function to Channel 31 (together, the "Channel 31 Group"). These interests provide the Company with a right to 60% of the economic interest of the Channel 31 Group. The Company consolidates the Channel 31 Group. As of March 31, 2013, the Channel 31 Group had assets (excluding intercompany assets) totaling $21,690 and liabilities (excluding intercompany liabilities) totaling $6,653. These assets and liabilities primarily relate to broadcasting licenses, trade payables for programming rights, and the related deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company finances the Channel 31 Group's operations during the ordinary course of business. As of March 31, 2013 the amount of intercompany payables of the Channel 31 Group totaled $4,061. Channel 31 Group's net loss attributable to CTC Media, Inc. stockholders excluding intercompany expenses totaled $300 for the three months ended March 31, 2013.

  • Seasonality

        The Company experiences seasonal fluctuations in overall television viewership and advertising revenues. Overall television viewership is lower during the summer months and highest in the first and fourth quarters. Seasonal fluctuations in consumer patterns also affect television advertising expenditures. In 2012, approximately 33% of the Company's total advertising revenues were generated in the fourth quarter.

  • Use of Estimates

        The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates in the financial statements include, among others, the estimate of fair values in business combinations, estimates of the fair value of the Company's common stock in determining stock-based compensation, the amortization method and periods for programming rights, useful lives of tangible and intangible assets, impairment of goodwill, valuation of intangible assets and long-lived assets, estimates of contingencies, and the determination of valuation allowances for deferred tax assets. Consequently, actual results may differ from those estimates.

  • Revenue Recognition

        Revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained for estimated losses resulting from the customers' inability to make payments. The Company recognizes advertising revenues at the moment when the advertising is broadcast and net of Value Added Taxes ("VAT").

        The Company's own sales house serves as the exclusive advertising sales agent for all of its channels in Russia, and the advertising is placed with advertisers and their agencies under direct sales arrangements with them. The sales house is primarily responsible for all of national and regional advertising sales, with the exception of advertising sales to several local clients of regional stations, which is made through Video International. The Company recognizes its Russian advertising revenues, excluding regional advertising revenues from local clients, based on the gross amounts billed to the advertisers and their agencies under direct sales arrangements. Advertising sales to local clients of regional stations under the Company's agency agreements with Video International are recognized net of agency commissions. Compensation expenses payable to Video International for the use of advertising software, related maintenance and analytical support and consulting services are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company's consolidated statement of income.

        Sublicensing revenues primarily represent revenues the Company earns from sublicensing its rights to programming and from licensing of internally-produced programming. Sublicensing revenue is recognized at such time as there is persuasive evidence that a sale or arrangement with a customer exists, the underlying programming is complete and has been transferred to the customer, the licensing period has commenced and the customer can begin use, the arrangement fee is fixed or determinable, and collection of the arrangement fee is reasonably assured.

        Payments received in advance for advertising and other revenue are recorded as deferred revenue until earned.

  • Programming rights

        Programming rights are stated at the lower of their amortized cost or net realizable value. The Company reports an asset and liability for the rights acquired and obligations incurred at the commencement of the licensing period when the cost of the programming is known or reasonably determinable, the program material has been accepted and the programming is available for airing.

        The Company's programming rights also include internally produced programming. The cost of such programming includes expenses related to the acquisition of format rights, direct costs associated with production and capitalized overhead. The Company capitalizes production costs, including costs of individuals or departments with exclusive or significant responsibility for the production of programming that can be allocated to such particular programming, as a component of programming costs. Internally-produced programming is reported at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

        Purchased program rights are classified as current or non-current assets based on anticipated usage. Internally produced and purchased programming with unlimited rights are classified as non-current.

        The Company amortizes programming based on expected revenue generation patterns, based on the proportion that current estimated revenues bear to the estimated remaining total lifetime revenues. If the initial airing of content allowed by a license is expected to provide more value than subsequent airings, the Company applies an accelerated method of amortization. These accelerated methods of amortization depend on the estimated number of runs the content is expected to receive, and are determined based on a study of historical results for similar programming. For content that is expected to be aired only once, the entire cost is recognized as an expense on the first run. To the extent that the revenues the Company expects to earn from broadcasting a program are lower than the book value, the program rights are written down to their net realizable value by way of recording an additional amortization charge. Such write-downs establish a new cost basis for programming rights.

  • Amortizable Long-Lived Assets

        Amortizable assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Definite-lived intangible assets primarily represent broadcast licenses and cable network connections. Cable network connections are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated period of future economic benefit, approximately until 2018.

        Until September 30, 2012, the Company's broadcasting licenses were determined to have indefinite lives and were subject to annual impairment reviews. As of September 30, 2012, as a result of developments in the transition to digital broadcasting, the Company changed its estimate of the useful lives of its broadcasting licenses from indefinite to definite. See the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2013—"Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 10, Impairment loss". Starting from October 1, 2012, the Company began to amortize the remaining balances of its broadcasting licenses on a straight-line basis over each broadcasting license's estimated remaining useful life, ranging from 2.75 to 5.75 years, depending on the region.

  • Fair Value Measurements

        Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prescribed by the standard contains three levels as follows:

  •         Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

            Level 2—Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including: (1) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; (2) quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets; (3) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and (4) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data.

            Level 3—Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management's estimates of market participant assumptions.

        There were no transfers between categories during the periods presented.

        The fair values of the Company's derivative assets of $1,069 and derivative liabilities of $28 have been classified as Level 2. The fair value of the Company's foreign exchange forward contracts is determined based on the present value of future cash flows using market-based observable inputs such as forward rates, discounts rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Counterparty credit risk did not have a material impact on derivative fair value estimates. The Company's derivative instruments are short-term in nature, primarily one month to one year in duration.

        The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair value as of December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013, respectively.

  • Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Impairment Tests

        The Company evaluates goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that such carrying value may not be recoverable. Other than the annual review, there are a number of factors that could trigger an impairment review including under-performance of operating segments or changes in projected results; changes in the manner of utilization of an asset; severe and sustained declines in the traded price of the Company's common stock that are not attributable to factors other than the underlying value of its assets; negative market conditions or economic trends; and specific events, such as new legislation, new market entrants, changes in technology or adverse legal judgments that the Company believes could have a negative impact on its business.

        In 2012, after considering developments regarding the expected terms of the introduction of digital broadcasting, the Company determined that the lives of its analog broadcast licenses were no longer indefinite. As the broadcasting licenses were no longer expected to continue to contribute to the Company's cash flows for the foreseeable future, the Company tested them for impairment and commenced amortization from October 1, 2012. The decrease in estimated cash flows attributable to analog broadcasting licenses resulted in impairment losses of $82,503 in 2012.

        The further transition to digital broadcasting also could impact the Company's assumptions used in economic models and its assessment of the carrying value of its goodwill. Given the terms and fees associated with participation in the second multiplex, the Company expects to encounter certain risks and uncertainties in the execution of each of CTC and Domashny channels' business models. It is difficult to predict accurately how the digitalization of broadcasting may affect the market. While digital broadcasting would increase CTC's and Domashny's overall technical penetration, the necessary investments for digital migration may not be fully monetized. Currently, the Company believes the most significant of these uncertainties is the Company's overall operating costs during (and following) the transition to digital broadcasting. In addition, uncertainty exists about Peretz's technical penetration and its impact on advertising revenues after the end of analog broadcasting. There may be other risks and expenses that the Company encounters during and subsequent to the transition that the Company is unable to anticipate at this time that could be material to its future financial position and results of operations. While the models used in the Company's assessments of its reporting units in its impairment testing incorporate changes in assumptions on revenues and costs, as well as risks associated with those uncertainties, depending on further information about the terms of the transition to digital broadcasting, as well as other future developments, the Company may need to further revise its projected cash flows, which could adversely impact the fair value of its reporting units and related goodwill. Subject to the availability of further information from the government and market participants, and the Company's ability to make further assessments of the government's plans, additional impairments may be required in the foreseeable future.

        In addition, uncertainty remains concerning global economic stability in the medium-term. Any significant continuation or worsening of the current economic instability could result in decreases in the fair values of goodwill and require the Company to record additional impairment losses that could have a material adverse impact on its net income.

        As of March 31, 2013, currently available information regarding the TV advertising markets in which the Company operates and management's current assessment of factors that could impact the Company's future cash flows in connection with the anticipated digitalization indicated there were no downward revisions to the Company's internal cash flow projections. There were no indicators of additional impairment for the Company's goodwill or long-lived assets, and the Company was not required to record any additional impairment charges.

        The fair value of the goodwill attributable to the Company's production operating unit is highly sensitive to the volume of in-house programming that is expected to be produced and sold to the Company's channels for broadcast. If the in-house production unit is not successful in developing and producing appropriate levels of quality programming for the Company's channels, the Company may be required to lower its estimates of future production by this unit. A significant decline in original programming compared with planned volumes, or downward revisions of the Company's long-term projections may then require the Company to record an impairment of the goodwill. As of March 31, 2013, the carrying value of production unit goodwill was $31,450.

        The Company considers all current information in determining the need for or calculating the amount of any impairment charges; however, future changes in events or circumstances could result in decreases in the fair values of its intangible assets and goodwill.

  • Stock-based compensation expense

        The Company estimates the fair value of stock options at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes pricing model was originally developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have different characteristics than the Company's employee stock options. The model is also sensitive to changes in the subjective assumptions, which can materially affect the fair value estimate. These subjective assumptions include expected volatility, the expected life of the options, future employee turnover rates, future employee stock option exercise behavior and the fair value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The Company determines the fair value of its common stock by using closing prices as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Performance-based nonvested share awards require management to make assumptions regarding the likelihood of achieving the set goals.

        Once the Company has estimated the fair value of the equity instruments, it recognizes this estimated cost as stock-based compensation expense over the service period. Equity-based incentive awards that meet liability accounting criteria are remeasured at each reporting date at their fair value until settlement. The fair value of such unsettled equity-based incentive awards is recognized in liabilities.

  • Tax provisions and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets

        The Company records valuation allowances related to the tax effects of deductible temporary differences and loss carryforwards when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that the respective tax assets will not be realized. Changes in the Company's assessment of the probability of realization of deferred tax assets may affect the Company's effective income tax rate.

        The Company records temporary differences related to investments in its Russian subsidiaries. These temporary differences consisted primarily of undistributed earnings that the Company does not plan to permanently reinvest in operations outside the U.S.

        Significant judgment is required to determine when income tax provisions should be recorded and, when facts and circumstances change, when such provisions should be released. Although the Company believes that its judgments and estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ, and the Company may be exposed to impairment losses that could be material.

  • New Accounting Pronouncements

        Effective January 1, 2013, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities ("ASU 2011-11"), Accounting Standards Update 2013-01, Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities ("ASU 2013-01") and Accounting Standards Update 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("ASU 2013-02"). The adoption of these amendments did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet or results of operations.

        In March 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2013-05, Parent's Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity ("ASU 2013-05"). The amendments applies to the release of the cumulative translation adjustment into net income when a parent loses a controlling financial interest in part or all of its investment in a foreign entity (by sale or other transfer event) and those that acquire a business in stages by increasing an investment in a foreign entity from one accounted for under the equity method to one accounted for as a consolidated investment or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business within a foreign entity. The adoption of this guidance, which is effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013, is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet or results of operations.