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BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2012
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

        The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on February 28, 2012 (the "2011 Annual Report"). The Company's accounting policies are more fully described in the Annual Report. The preparation of its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make judgments in selecting appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates, which inherently contain some degree of uncertainty. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The following discussion addresses the Company's most critical accounting policies, which require management's most difficult, subjective and complex judgments.

  • Basis of Presentation

        The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2012.

        The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2011 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for the complete financial statements.

        For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company's 2011 Annual Report.

  • Principles of Consolidation

        Wholly owned subsidiaries and majority owned ventures where the Company has operating and financial control, as well as variable interest entities where the Company has been deemed the primary beneficiary with power and ability to control, are consolidated. Those ventures where the Company exercises significant influence, but does not exercise operating and financial control, are accounted for under the equity method. The Company uses the purchase method of accounting for all business combinations. Results of subsidiaries acquired and accounted for under the purchase method are included in operations from the date of acquisition. Noncontrolling interests represent a noncontrolling shareholder's proportionate share of the equity in certain of the Company's consolidated entities. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. Disposals are reflected at the time risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred.

        The Company is the primary beneficiary of the Channel 31 Group, a variable interest entity consisting of a 20% participation interest in Teleradiokompaniya 31st Kanal LLP ("Channel 31"), and a 70% and 60% interest in Prim LLP and Advertising and Marketing LLP, respectively, which provide programming content and the advertising sales function to Channel 31 (together, the "Channel 31 Group"). These interests provide the Company with a right to 60% of the economic interest of the Channel 31 Group. The Company consolidates the Channel 31 Group. As of September 30, 2012, the Channel 31 Group had assets (excluding intercompany assets) totaling $23,385 and liabilities (excluding intercompany liabilities) totaling $11,709. These assets and liabilities primarily relate to broadcasting licenses, and the related deferred tax liabilities and tax contingencies assumed at acquisition of the Channel 31 Group. The Company finances the Channel 31 Group's operations during the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2012 the amount of intercompany payables of the Channel 31 Group totaled $5,443. Channel 31 Group's net loss attributable to CTC Media, Inc. stockholders totaled ($1,120) and ($454) for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012, respectively.

  • Seasonality

        The Company experiences seasonal fluctuations in overall television viewership and advertising revenues. Overall television viewership is lower during the summer months and highest in the first and fourth quarters. Seasonal fluctuations in consumer patterns also affect television advertising expenditures. In 2011, approximately 31% of our total advertising revenues were generated in the fourth quarter.

  • Use of Estimates

        The preparation of financial statements in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates in the financial statements include, among others, the estimate of fair values in business combinations, estimates of the fair value of the Company's common stock in determining stock- based compensation, the amortization method and periods for programming rights and sublicensing rights, useful lives of tangible and intangible assets, impairment of goodwill, valuation of intangible assets and long-lived assets, estimates of fair value of derivative instruments, estimates of contingencies, and the determination of valuation allowances for deferred tax assets. Consequently, actual results may differ from those estimates.

  • Revenue Recognition

        Revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained for estimated losses resulting from the customers' inability to make payments. The Company recognizes advertising revenues at the moment when the advertising is broadcast and net of Value Added Taxes ("VAT").

        The Company's own sales house serves as the exclusive advertising sales agent for all of its networks in Russia, and the advertising is placed with advertisers and their agencies under direct sales arrangements with them. The sales house is primarily responsible for all national and regional advertising sales, with the exception of advertising sales to several local clients of regional stations, which are made through Video International, a media sales house. The Company recognizes its Russian advertising revenues, excluding regional advertising revenues from local clients, based on the gross amounts billed to the advertisers and their agencies under direct sales arrangements. Advertising sales to local clients of regional stations under the Company's agency agreements with Video International are recognized net of agency commissions. Compensation expenses payable to Video International for the use of advertising software, related maintenance and analytical support and consulting services are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company's consolidated statement of income.

        Sublicensing, own production and other revenue primarily represent revenue the Company earns from sublicensing its rights to programming and from licensing of internally-produced programming. Sublicensing and own production revenue is recognized at such time as there is persuasive evidence that a sale or arrangement with a customer exists, the underlying programming is complete and has been transferred to the customer, the licensing period has commenced and the customer can begin use, the arrangement fee is fixed or determinable, and collection of the arrangement fee is reasonably assured.

        Payments received in advance for advertising and other revenue are recorded as deferred revenue until earned.

  • Fair Value Measurements

        Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prescribed by the standard contains three levels as follows:

        Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

        Level 2—Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including: (1) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; (2) quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets; (3) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and (4) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data.

        Level 3—Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management's estimates of market participant assumptions.

        The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate their fair value as of December 31, 2011 and September 30, 2012, respectively. There were no transfers between categories during the periods presented.

        For the three- and nine-months periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2012, the Company recognized impairments of its broadcast licenses, measuring the impacted licenses at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). The licenses were valued using an income approach based on discounted cash flow models and involving assumptions that the Company believes a hypothetical marketplace participant would use in estimating fair value on the measurement date (See the 2011 Annual Report—Item 8. Financial Statements—Note 2, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—"Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Impairment Tests,—Fair value determination" for these valuation techniques). See also below—"Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Goodwill Impairment Tests" and Note 8, Impairment loss.

        For the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2011, broadcasting licenses with carrying amounts totaling $46,917 were written down to their estimated fair values totaling $41,210, resulting in impairment charges of $5,707 which were included in earnings for the periods. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2012, revisions of the Company's broadcasting licenses from indefinite to finite useful lives (see Note 8) resulted in broadcasting licenses with carrying amounts totaling $167,069 being written down to their estimated fair values totaling $84,566, resulting in impairment charges of $82,503 which were included in earnings for the periods. The table below represents fair value measurements on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2012:

 
   
  Fair Value Measurement Using  
 
  September 30,
2012
  Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
  Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
  Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
  Total Gains
(Losses)
 

Broadcasting licenses

  $ 84,566   $   $   $ 84,566   $ (82,503 )
                       

Total

  $ 84,566           $ 84,566   $ (82,503 )
                       

        For broadcasting licenses that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2012 using Level 3 inputs, the following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement:

 
  Fair value at
September 30,
2012
  Valuation Technique   Unobservable Inputs*   Range
(Weighted Average)*
Broadcasting licenses   $ 84,566   Discounted cash flow   Television advertising Market, CAGR,%   8 - 11% (9%)
              Costs inflation, CAGR, %   6 - 12% (9%)
              Weighted average cost of capital,%   12.7%
              Cash flows period, years   2.75 - 5.75 (4.25)
                 

*
Represent estimated inputs that market participants would take into account when valuing the analog broadcasting licenses.

        See below—"Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Goodwill Impairment Tests" and Note 8, Impairment loss.

  • Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets and Goodwill Impairment Tests

        In valuing broadcasting licenses, the Company allocates cash flows that the licenses generate both from national and regional advertising using the "direct value" method. The most significant of the assumptions used in its valuations include cost of capital, total advertising market, allocation of cash flows from national advertising to broadcasting licenses, market participants market shares,and forecasted operating costs and capital expenditures. (See the 2011 Annual Report—Item 8. Financial Statements—Note 2, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—"Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Impairment Tests,—Fair value determination" for further discussion of these significant assumptions).

        As more fully described in Note 8, after considering recent developments regarding the expected terms of digital broadcasting, the Company determined that the lives of its analog broadcast licenses were no longer indefinite. As these licenses are no longer expected to continue to contribute to the Company's cash flows for the foreseeable future, assumptions have been required to estimate the remaining lives over which the Company expects to generate cash flows with each of these licenses. As of September 30, 2012, this determination has been the most significant change in assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Company's broadcast licenses; by contrast, in prior periods the Company's estimate of cash flows were based on perpetuity. Based on the estimated timelines for switching-off analog broadcasting indicated by the governmental authorities, the Company's estimate of the periods of economic lives of its analog broadcasting licenses was reassessed to the range of 2.75 to 5.75 years, depending on the region.

        The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that such carrying value may not be recoverable. Other than annual review, there are a number of factors which could trigger an impairment review including under-performance of operating segments or changes in projected results; changes in the manner of utilization of an asset; severe and sustained declines in the traded price of the Company's common stock that are not attributable to factors other than the underlying value of its assets; negative market conditions or economic trends; and specific events, such as new legislation, new market entrants, changes in technology or adverse legal judgments that the Company believes could have a negative impact on its business. See also Note 8.

  • Programming rights

        Programming rights are stated at the lower of their amortized cost or net realizable value. The Company reports an asset and liability for the rights acquired and obligations incurred at the commencement of the licensing period when the cost of the programming is known or reasonably determinable, the program material has been accepted and the programming is available for airing.

        The Company's programming rights also include internally produced programming. The cost of such programming includes expenses related to the acquisition of format rights, direct costs associated with production and capitalized overhead. The Company capitalizes production costs, including costs of individuals or departments with exclusive or significant responsibility for the production of programming that can be allocated to particular programming, as a component of film costs. Internally-produced programming is reported at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

        Purchased program rights are classified as current or non-current assets based on anticipated usage. Internally produced programming is classified as non-current.

        The Company amortizes programming based on expected revenue generation patterns, based on the proportion that current estimated revenues bear to the estimated remaining total lifetime revenues. If the initial airing of content allowed by a license is expected to provide more value than subsequent airings, the Company applies an accelerated method of amortization. These accelerated methods of amortization depend on the estimated number of runs the content is expected to receive, and are determined based on a study of historical results for similar programming. For content that is expected to be aired only once, the entire cost is recognized as an expense on the first run. To the extent that the revenues the Company expects to earn from broadcasting a program are lower than the book value, the program rights are written down to their net realizable value by way of recording an additional amortization charge. Such write-downs establish a new cost basis for programming rights.

  • Stock-based compensation expense

        The Company estimates the fair value of stock options at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes pricing model was originally developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have different characteristics than the Company's employee stock options. The model is also sensitive to changes in subjective assumptions, which can materially affect the fair value estimate. These subjective assumptions include expected volatility, the expected life of the options, future employee turnover rates, future employee stock option exercise behavior and the fair value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The Company determines the fair value of its common stock by using closing prices as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Performance-based non-vested share awards require management to make assumptions regarding the likelihood of achieving the set goals.

        Once the Company has estimated the fair value of the equity instruments, it recognizes this estimated cost as a stock-based compensation expense over the service period. Equity-based incentive awards that meet liability accounting criteria are remeasured at each reporting date at their fair value until settlement. The fair value of such unsettled equity-based incentive awards is recognized in liabilities.

  • Financial instruments and hedging activities

        The Company measures derivatives at fair value and recognizes them as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. The Company designates derivatives as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges when the required criteria are met. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the consolidated statement of income together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that is attributed to the hedged risk. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are recognized in equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the consolidated statement of income. For derivatives that do not meet the conditions for hedge accounting, gains and losses from changes in the fair value are included in the consolidated statement of income.

  • Tax provisions and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets

        The Company records valuation allowances related to the tax effects of deductible temporary differences and loss carryforwards when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that the respective tax assets will not be realized. Changes in the Company's assessment of the probability of realization of deferred tax assets may affect the Company's effective income tax rate.

        The Company records temporary differences related to investments in its Russian subsidiaries. These temporary differences consist primarily of undistributed earnings that the Company does not plan to permanently reinvest in operations outside the U.S.

        Significant judgment is required to determine when income tax provisions should be recorded and, when facts and circumstances change, when such provisions should be released. Although the Company believes that its judgments and estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ, and the Company may be exposed to impairment losses that could be material.

  • New Accounting Pronouncements

        Effective January 1, 2012, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment ("ASU 2011-08"), Accounting Standards Update 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards ("ASU 2011-04") and Accounting Standards Update 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income ("ASU 2011-05"). The adoption of these amendments did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet or results of operations.

        In December 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities ("ASU 2011-11"), which requires disclosure of both gross and net information about financial instruments and derivatives that are either offset on the statement of financial position or subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement, irrespective of whether they are offset on the statement of financial position. The adoption of this guidance, which is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated balance sheet or results of operations.

        In October 2012, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2012-07, "Accounting for Fair Value Information That Arises after the Measurement Date and Its Inclusion in the Impairment Analysis of Unamortized Film Costs" ("ASU 2012-07"), which eliminates the rebuttable presumption that the conditions leading to the write-off of unamortized film costs after the balance sheet date existed as of the balance sheet date. The amendments also eliminate the requirement that an entity incorporate into fair value measurements used in the impairment tests the effects of any changes in estimates resulting from the consideration of subsequent evidence if the information would not have been considered by market participants at the measurement date. To the extent that uncertainties are resolved or other information becomes known after the balance sheet date, but before the financial statements are issued or available to be issued, such effects should not be incorporated with certainty into the fair value measurement as of the balance sheet date unless market participants would have made such assumptions. The amendments do not change the company's responsibility to analyze and consider any relevant subsequent events and information to assess whether the fair value measurement reflects all relevant information and assumptions that market participants would have considered under the current conditions at the measurement date. For public companies these amendments are effective for impairment assessments performed on or after December 15, 2012 and should be applied prospectively. The Company will apply these amendments for reporting period ended December 31, 2012. The adoption of this guidance may cause the recognition of impairment of unamortized film costs to be deferred into later periods if conditions which exist before financial statements are issued but subsequent to the measurement date would not have been considered by a market participant at the measurement date.