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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY  
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

16.   STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

        As of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Company's outstanding share capital was as follows:

Type
  2009   2010   2011  

Common stock outstanding

    154,227,746     156,955,746     157,320,070  
               

Common Stock

        The Company's certificate of incorporation authorizes the Company to issue 175,772,173 shares of common stock and, as of December 31, 2011, 157,320,070 shares were issued and outstanding. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held of record on all matters on which stockholders generally are entitled to vote.

        During 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Company's former and current employees exercised options to purchase an aggregate of 2,072,533, 2,728,000 and 364,324 shares of common stock, respectively, for aggregate consideration of $3,398, $42,812 and $5,352, respectively. See details below.

Dividends

        During 2011, the following dividends were declared and paid:

Declaration date
  Per Share
Dividend
  Aggregate
Dividend
  Record Date   Payment Date  

February 28, 2011

  $ 0.16   $ 25,115     March 1, 2011     March 29, 2011  

April 28, 2011

  $ 0.22   $ 34,599     June 1, 2011     June 29, 2011  

July 28, 2011

  $ 0.22   $ 34,606     September 1, 2011     October 30, 2011  

November 7, 2011

  $ 0.22   $ 34,610     December 1, 2011     December 28, 2011  

Stock-Based Compensation

        The Company has granted options and stock appreciation rights ("SAR") to its employees, consultants and members of its Board of Directors pursuant to its 1997 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan and its 2009 Stock Option Plan, as well as pursuant to individual option agreements that are described in more detail below.

  • The 1997 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan

        The 1997 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan ("1997 Plan") provided for the issuance of a maximum of 3,460,000 shares of common stock to employees, consultants and members of the Board of Directors. The 1997 Plan originally expired on May 14, 2007. At the Company's annual stockholders meeting held on May 16, 2007, the shareholders approved extending the term of the 1997 Plan by up to one year, or until May 14, 2008. Given that the 1997 Plan is now expired, no further grants can be made under it but the vesting and effectiveness of options previously granted under the 1997 Plan remain unaffected.

        Under the 1997 Plan the Company was permitted to grant both stock options and restricted stock awards. For option grants, the option exercise price per share was required to be not less than 85% of the fair market value per share of common stock on the option grant date for nonqualified options or 100% of fair market value for incentive stock options. If the person to whom the option was granted was a holder of 10% or more of common stock, then the exercise price per share was required to be not less than 110% of fair market value per share of common stock on the option grant date.

        For restricted stock grants, the purchase price per share was required to be not less than 85% of the fair market value per share of common stock on the issue date. If the person purchasing the common stock was a holder of 10% or more of common stock, then the purchase price per share was required to be not less than 110% of fair market value per share of common stock on the issue date.

        Under the 1997 Plan, option and stock issuance awards generally vested based on three to four years of continuous service and had ten-year contractual terms. The maximum term of an option granted under the 1997 Plan could not exceed ten years.

  • The 2009 Stock Incentive Plan

        In April 2009, the Company's stockholders approved the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2009 Plan"). The 2009 Plan allows for the granting of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance share awards and restricted stock awards ("Awards"). The 2009 Plan provides for the authorization of Awards covering an aggregate of 7,800,000 shares of common stock.

        Except as the Company's Board of Directors may otherwise determine or provide in an option, and subject to the conditions described in the following sentence, each option will become exercisable ("Vest") as to 25% of the original number of shares of common stock on the first anniversary of its date of grant and as to an additional 6.25% of the original number of shares of common stock at the end of each successive three-month period following the first anniversary of the date of grant until the fourth anniversary of the date of grant. Except as the Board may otherwise determine or provide in an option, in addition to satisfying the time-based vesting condition set forth in the immediately preceding sentence, at least 50% of the original number of shares of common stock underlying an option shall only become exercisable upon the achievement of performance-based objectives to be approved by the Company's Board of Directors. No option shall be exercisable after the tenth anniversary of its grant date.

        In October and December 2009, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of options to purchase up to 4,440,000 and 555,000 shares of common stock, respectively, to Company executives and employees. The exercise prices per share were $16.80 and $15.21, respectively. In addition, in April 2010, February 2011 and October 2011 the Compensation Committee approved an additional grant of options to purchase up to 120,000, 580,000 and 150,000 shares of common stock to an employee of the Company, at an exercise price of $17.45, $22.32 and $11.70, respectively. The exercise prices for all grants represented the fair market value of one share of common stock on the date of approval, as determined pursuant to the terms of the Company's 2009 Stock Incentive Plan.

        These options are divided equally into two tranches: options that vest over four years and are subject only to passage of time (with 25% of options vesting on the first anniversary and the remainder vesting on a quarterly basis over the following three years) (the "Time-based Tranche") and options that are subdivided in four equal sub-tranches that vest upon the achievement of certain performance criteria set by the board of directors annually for each year (the "Performance-based Tranche"). The grant dates of the Time-based Tranches discussed above are October 22, 2009, December 17, 2009, April 22, 2010, February 16, 2011 and October 26, 2011, respectively.

        On April 22, 2010, the the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board approved performance criteria for the 2010 Performance-based sub-tranche in respect of options to purchase an aggregate of 530,000, 69,375 and 15,000 shares of common stock, under the October 2009, December 2009 and April 2010 grants, respectively. The grant date of the 2010 Performance-based sub-tranche is April 22, 2010. On February 16, 2011, the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board approved performance criteria for the 2011 Performance-based sub-tranche in respect of options to purchase an aggregate of 512,500, 43,125, 15,000 and 72,500 shares of common stock, under the October 2009, December 2009, April 2010 and February 2011 grants, respectively. The grant date of the 2011 Performance-based sub-tranche is February 16, 2011.

        The grant date for the 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 Performance-based sub-tranches will be the date when performance criteria for the relevant year are set. See also Note 21.

        In addition, on October 22, 2009, an option to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares was granted to one senior executive, with one-third vesting on the grant date and one-third vesting on each of the second and third anniversaries of the grant date. The exercise price per share for this grant was $16.80 (which represented the average of the closing prices for the 20 trading days ending on the date prior to grant), which represented the fair market value of one share of common stock on the grant date.

  • Equity-based incentive awards

        At the end of 2009, the Company's board of directors approved the terms of the Company's 2009 Equity-Based Incentive Program (the "Program"). Pursuant to the original terms of the Program, the Company was authorized to grant cash bonuses to certain of its employees, including the Company's principal financial officer and certain named executives. On February 24, 2010, the Compensation Committee amended the Program. As amended, each recipient of an option granted in October 2009 (including both Time-based and Performance-based tranches) will have the right to receive potential cash payments in respect of any appreciation of the Company's share price above $14.00 per share, capped at $16.80 per share, and tied to both the vesting and exercise of the corresponding stock options. The Company's board of directors has the authority to permit the separate exercise of such right at its discretion.

        The Company remeasures these awards at each reporting date at their fair value until settlement, to the extent that this value does not exceed the maximum benefit available to option holders. The fair value of unsettled awards is recognized in liabilities. The following table summarizes the assumptions used for valuation of fair value as of December 31, 2011.

 
  December 31, 2011  

Risk free interest rate

    0.6 %

Expected option life (years)

    4.5  

Expected dividend yield

    7.25 %

Volatility factor

    76.87 %

Weighted-average grant date fair value (per share)

  $ 2.37  

Equity-based incentive awards vested and exercisable

    1,894,701  

Liability as of December 31, 2011 (in thousands)

  $ 4,487  
  • Executive Officers' Options

        In addition to the stock option/stock issuance plans described above, from time to time the Company's Board of Directors approves additional grants of options to executive officers. These stock options vest on a quarterly basis over three to four year periods starting from the date of grant or starting a year after the date of grant and have a maximum term of ten years from the grant date.

  • Former CEO Stock Options

        In 2008, Anton Kudryashov joined the Company in the role of Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"). The Company's Board of Directors agreed to grant Mr. Kudryashov an inducement option to purchase up to 3,042,482 shares of the Company's common stock in three tranches ("CEO Stock Options"). The options had a ten-year contractual term measured from Mr. Kudryashov's first day of employment, August 4, 2008. The first tranche was granted on August 4, 2008, and represented options to purchase an aggregate of 1,521,241 shares of the Company's common stock (the "Time-Based Option"). Under the original terms, one third of these options vested on the first anniversary of the employment start date and the remaining options vested in equal installments at the end of each of the immediately following eight quarters. The exercise price for shares underlying the Time-Based Option was $22.07 per share at the date of original grant.

        The second and third tranches under the CEO Stock Options were granted on January 2, 2009, and represented options to purchase up to 760,621 shares and 760,620 shares of the Company's common stock for each of the second tranche (the "Revenue Objective Option") and the third tranche (the "Cost Objective Option"), respectively, and vested depending on the Company's achievement of certain performance criteria for 2009, 2010 and 2011. The exercise prices for shares underlying both the Revenue Objective Option and the Cost Objective Option were $5.49 per share, which was the closing sales price per share of the Company's common stock on January 2, 2009.

        On July 30, 2009, the Company's Board of Directors approved an amendment to the exercise price in respect of all shares under all three tranches of CEO Stock Options. Pursuant to the amendment, the exercise price for all shares under the CEO Stock Options was re-set to $13.60 per share, which was the official closing price per share of the common stock on August 11, 2009, the first full trading day after the end of the Company's quarterly black-out period. The amendment of the exercise price of the CEO Stock Option was subject to, and contingent upon, the approval of such amendment by the Company's stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2010. MTG Russia AB and Alfa CTC Holdings Limited, which together hold a majority of the Company's capital stock, indicated that they intended to approve the amendment at the 2010 annual meeting of stockholders. In conjunction with the amendment of the applicable exercise prices, the agreement was further amended to provide that the option shares under the Time-Based Option would be subject to vesting over four years, rather than three years as originally provided. Accordingly, one third of the shares under the Time-Based Option vested on August 4, 2009, as provided under the original agreement, and the remaining two-thirds of such shares were to vest ratably on a quarterly basis through June 30, 2012, subject to Mr. Kudryashov's continued employment with the Company.

        In addition, on August 24, 2009, the Company's Board of Directors approved an amendment related to certain performance criteria of the Cost Objective Option.

        The total incremental compensation cost that resulted from the above 2009 modifications amounted to $4,151 over the vesting period. This incremental cost is generally measured as the excess (if any) of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the original award immediately before its terms were modified, and is based on the number of instruments expected to vest immediately before and after modification.

        On February 24, 2010, MTG Russia AB and Alfa CTC Holdings Limited informed the Company that they no longer intended to approve the proposed amendment of the exercise prices and vesting schedule as described above. The Company therefore did not submit such matter to the stockholders for approval at the 2010 annual meeting of stockholders. Accordingly, per the original agreement, the exercise price of the Revenue Objective Option and Cost Objective Option shares remains $5.49 per share, and the exercise price of the Time-Based Option remains $22.07 per share. The vesting period of shares subject solely to time-based vesting remains three years, per the original agreement.

        In addition, on April 22, 2010, the Company's board of directors approved an amendment related to the performance criteria for 2010 and 2011 applicable to the vesting of the third tranche of these CEO stock options. According to this amendment, the original cost objectives were replaced by a Return on Capital Employed objective in respect of 2010 and 2011.

        The total incremental compensation cost that resulted from both of these 2010 modifications amounted to $5,951. This incremental cost is generally measured as the excess (if any) of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the original award immediately before its terms were modified, and is based on the number of instruments expected to vest immediately before and after modification.

        On December 15, 2011, Anton Kudryashov resigned from the Company. The Company and Mr. Kudryashov have entered into a separation agreement in connection with such resignation, and the Company has agreed that as of the separation date an aggregate of 2,364,890 of unexercised option shares with a weighted-average exercise price $16.17 shall be vested, but no further options would vest. Mr.Kudryashov's options to acquire 2,364,890 shares of common stock are exercisable until March 15, 2012. After this date the option to purchase shares that then remain unexercised shall terminate and lapse. From 2,364,890 options 211,283 should have been vested on December 31, 2011 and January 1, 2012. The effect of accelerated vesting resulted in decrease of 2011 stock-based compensation of $0.8 million.

  • A. Rodnyansky Stock-based Compensation

        On June 29, 2009, Alexander Rodnyansky, the Company's former Chief Executive Officer (preceding Mr. Kudryashov), provided written notice (the "Exercise Notice") to the Co-Chairmen of the Board of Directors to exercise in full his outstanding and fully vested stock appreciation right ("SAR") granted to him in September 2003 to purchase 6,217,600 shares of common stock. The exercise price applicable to the purchase of 4,663,200 shares was $1.79 per share and the exercise price for the remaining 1,554,400 shares was $1.19 per share.

        Mr. Rodnyansky subsequently revoked and withdrew this proposed exercise notice, and on August 24, 2009, such revocation and withdrawal was accepted by the Company's Compensation Committee (on authority delegated by the Board). In November 2009, CTC Media filed lawsuits against Mr. Rodnyansky claiming breaches of fiduciary duty and contractual obligations. On December 18, 2009, the Company entered into a voluntary agreement with Mr. Rodnyansky to settle these lawsuits. According to the terms of the settlement, Mr. Rodnyansky resigned from the Company's Board of Directors effective December 18, 2009 and forfeited one-third of the SAR granted to him in 2003 and one-third of the vested stock options granted to him in 2006. The Company settled the remaining value of the SAR by issuing 2,072,533 shares of common stock to him and by paying him $29,390 in cash. The cash portion of the settlement resulted in an additional compensation expense of $28,588 which the Company recognized in 2009. Mr. Rodnyansky's options to acquire 1,836,826 shares of common stock were exercisable until June 18, 2010 at the previously set exercise price of $16.95 per share, but no further options would vest. In 2010 Mr. Rodnyansky exercised 1,406,700 options, while the remaining 430,126 options expired.

  • Fair value of Option Awards

        Under the provisions of ASC 718, the fair value of stock options that are expected to vest is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and recognized ratably over the requisite service period. The calculation of compensation cost requires the use of several significant assumptions which are calculated as follows:

  • Expected forfeitures.  ASC 718 requires that compensation cost only be calculated on those instruments that are expected to vest in the future. The number of options that actually vest will usually differ from the total number issued because employees forfeit options when they do not meet the service or performance conditions stipulated in the agreement. For the forfeitures resulting from failure to meet service conditions, we have calculated the forfeiture rate by reference to the historical employee turnover rate. For the forfeitures resulting from failure to meet performance conditions, we have calculated the forfeiture rate by reference to the proportion of performance conditions not met.

    Expected volatilities.  Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of the Company's stock and by considering the volatility of the stock of other public companies in the media industry.

    Expected term.  The expected option life has been calculated using the "shortcut" method (in cases when the Company's options meet the definition of "plain vanilla") or the "lattice" model.         

    Risk-free interest rate.  The risk-free interest rates for the periods within the expected term of these options are based on the US Treasury yield curve in effect at the grant date.

        The assumptions used in the option-pricing models for grants made in the years ending December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011 were as follows:

 
  2009   2010   2011  

Risk free interest rate

    1.8%-3.3%     1.1%-2.11%     0.02%-2.37%  

Expected option life (years)

    3.5-7.1     2.0-4.0     0.25-5.0  

Expected dividend yield

        1.3%-1.5%     2.87%-7.15%  

Volatility factor

    62%-83%     80%-81%     39.37%-87.88%  

Weighted-average grant date fair value (per share)

  $ 9.29   $ 9.68   $ 7.88  

        The following table summarizes common stock options and equity-based incentive awards activity for the Company:

 
  Common Stock Options   Equity-based
incentive awards
 
 
  Quantity   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
  Quantity   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2010

    7,426,499     16.78     3,192,483     14.00  
                   

Granted

    945,625     18.08     512,500     14.00  

Modified December 15, 2011

    (211,283 )   5.49          

Modified December 15, 2011

    211,283     5.49          

Exercised

    (364,326 )   14.69     (213,406 )   14.00  

Forfeited

    (1,436,488 )   12.27     (649,688 )   14.00  

Expired

    (130,000 )   23.42     (3,750 )   14.00  
                   

Outstanding as of December 31, 2011

    6,441,310     17.96     2,838,139     14.00  
                   

        The following table summarizes information about nonvested common stock options and equity-based incentive awards:

 
  Common stock options   Equity-based
incentive awards
 
 
  Quantity   Weighted
Average
Grant-date
Fair Value
  Quantity   Weighted
Average
Grant-date
Fair Value
 

Nonvested as of December 31, 2010

    4,204,468     10.97     2,276,667     2.80  
                   

Granted

    945,625     7.88     512,500     2.80  

Modified December 15, 2011

    (211,283 )   11.90          

Modified December 15, 2011

    211,283     3.34          

Vested

    (2,356,414 )   10.15     (1,196,041 )   2.80  

Forfeited

    (1,436,488 )   10.10     (649,688 )   2.80  
                   

Nonvested as of December 31, 2011

    1,357,191     10.13     943,438     2.80  
                   

        The following table summarizes information about vested common stock options and equity-based incentive awards:

 
  Common Stock Options   Equity-based incentive awards
 
  Quantity   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
  Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
  Quantity   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
  Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term

December 31, 2011

    5,084,119     18.10   6.9 years     1,894,701     14.00   7.8 years

        As of December 31, 2011, all vested options and equity-based incentive awards were exercisable.

        The following table summarizes information about the intrinsic value of the Company's common stock options and equity-based incentive awards outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2011:

 
  Common Stock
Options
  Equity-based
incentive awards
 

Total intrinsic value of options/equity-based incentive awards outstanding/exercisable

  $ 2,757   $  

        The following table summarizes information about the intrinsic value of Company's common stock options, SAR and equity-based incentive awards exercised during 2009, 2010 and 2011:

 
  2009   2010   2011  

Total intrinsic value of options exercised

      $ 11,651   $ 2,575  

Total intrinsic value of SAR exercised

  $ 45,347          

Total intrinsic value of equity-based incentive awards exercised

      $ 857   $ 598  

        The Company recognized stock-based compensation expenses of $47,607, $34,005 and $18,318 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. As of December 31, 2011, the total compensation expense related to unvested granted awards not yet recognized was $11,172 to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.03 years.