497 1 dentprospectus.htm DENT STRATEGIC FOCUS PORTFOLIO Northern Lights Variable Trust


Dent Strategic Portfolio




a series of Northern Lights
Variable Trust


PROSPECTUS   


MAY 1, 2008









This Prospectus provides important information about the Portfolio that you should know before investing.  Please read it carefully and keep it for future reference.





These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and Exchange Commission nor has the Securities and Exchange Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.





TABLE OF CONTENTS


RISK/RETURN SUMMARY

1

PERFORMANCE

4

FEES AND EXPENSES

4

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS

6

MANAGEMENT OF THE PORTFOLIO

6

NET ASSET VALUE

7

HOW TO PURCHASE AND REDEEM SHARES

8

TAX STATUS

9

DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

10

MARKET TIMING

10

VOTING AND MEETINGS

11

DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES PLAN

12

NOTICE OF PRIVACY POLICY & PRACTICES

13







See the Portfolio's Notice of Privacy Policy on the last page of this Prospectus.






Dent Strategic Portfolio


This Prospectus describes the Dent Strategic Portfolio (the "Portfolio").  The Portfolio is a series of Northern Lights Variable Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the "Trust").  Shares of the Portfolio are offered only to the participating insurance company and its separate accounts to fund the benefits of variable annuity contracts, and to qualified pension and retirement plans and unregistered separate accounts.  Shares are not offered to the general public.  HS Dent Investment Management, LLC (the "Adviser") is the Portfolio's investment adviser.  


This Prospectus includes important information about the Portfolio that you should know before investing.  You should read this Prospectus and keep it for future reference.  You should also read the separate account prospectus for the variable annuity contract that you want to purchase.  That prospectus contains information about the contract, the separate accounts and expenses related to purchasing and owning a variable annuity contract.


RISK/RETURN SUMMARY  


Investment Objective.  The Dent Strategic Portfolio's investment objective is long term growth of capital.  The Portfolio's investment objective is a non-fundamental policy and may be changed upon 60 days' written notice to shareholders.


Principal Investment Strategies.  The Adviser seeks to achieve the Portfolio's investment objective by identifying, through proprietary economic and demographic analysis, the overall trend of the U.S. and global economies, and then implementing investment strategies in asset classes that the Adviser believes will benefit from these trends.  The Adviser believes its modeling can accurately forecast economic trends such as gross domestic product ("GDP") growth and inflation based on its research concerning consumer spending, consumer debt, consumer savings and investment, and technological innovation.  The Adviser is of the opinion that maximizing investment returns depends on understanding the right balance of asset classes that are favored by different fundamental economic trends and accurately rebalancing the Portfolio's investments as the trends emerge.  


The Adviser follows its model to determine how offensive or defensive the Portfolio will be, and then selects securities to buy or sell.  Offensive holdings are those that the Adviser anticipates will appreciate in value.  Defensive positions are those which the Adviser anticipates will maintain their value, regardless of market conditions or cycles.  The model is objective and the Adviser applies little subjective judgment in security selection, retention, or sales decisions.


The securities that comprise the Portfolio’s offensive strategy are selected using the following method:


·

The Adviser identifies sectors, styles and/or geographic regions it believes are demographically favored based on H.S. Dent research.  

·

Using a proprietary selection process, the Adviser creates a universe of ETFs that correspond to the favored sectors, styles and/or geographic regions.

·

On a monthly basis, using a proprietary ranking process and objective third party research, the selected ETFs are ranked by the Adviser according to their relative strength.  The relative strength is gauged by a third party research firm that measures price momentum and similar characteristics in order to determine relative strength.  

·

The Adviser then constructs the Portfolio using the highest ranked ETFs that meet a minimum relative strength requirement.  When the Portfolio is in a fully offensive position, no less than 5 sectors will be represented.  

·

The offensive strategy also applies the following rules:

- No more then 10% of the Portfolio assets may be invested in any one ETF,

- No more then 20% of the Portfolio assets may be invested in any one sector,

- As of the time of the allocation all sectors included in the Portfolio will have an equal weighting.


When there are not sufficient sectors and/or ETFs that meet the minimum relative strength requirement of the model, the balance of the Portfolio's assets will be allocated to defensive investments such as high quality debt and money market instruments.


The model will be applied monthly and the holdings of the Portfolio will be reallocated accordingly.  As a result, the Portfolio may have a high rate of portfolio turnover.  All assets invested during the month will be allocated according to the allocation developed the proceeding month.


Principal Risks of Investing in the Portfolio


As with all mutual funds, there is the risk that you could lose money through your investment in the Portfolio. Although the Portfolio will seek to meet its investment objective, there is no assurance that it will do so.


Management Style Risks:  The share price of the Portfolio changes daily based on the performance of the securities in which it invests.  The ability of a Portfolio to meet its investment objective is directly related to the Adviser's selection process and allocation of the Portfolio's assets.  The Adviser's judgments about overall economic and demographic trends in the U.S. and global economies may prove to be incorrect and there is no guarantee that the Adviser's investment strategy will produce the desired results.  


Equity Market Risks:  The net asset value of the Portfolio will fluctuate based on changes in the value of the securities in which the Portfolio invests.  The Portfolio may invest in equity securities, or ETFs holding equity securities, which can be more volatile and carry more risk than some other forms of investment. The price of securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Security prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time. Market prices of equity securities in broad market segments may be adversely affected by a prominent issuer of the underlying securities in the ETF having experienced losses or by the lack of earnings or such an issuer's failure to meet the market's expectations with respect to new products or services, or even by factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of the issuer, such as changes in interest rates.


Issuer-Specific Risks:  The value of a security can be more volatile than the stock market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the stock market as a whole. The value of securities of smaller issuers can be more volatile than that of larger issuers. The value of certain types of securities can be more volatile due to increased sensitivity to adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments.


Small- and Mid-Capitalization Securities Risks:  The Portfolio may invest in ETFs which may invest in securities of issuers of any capitalization, some of which may be small- and mid-capitalization companies.  Investments in small- and medium-size companies may be more volatile than investments in larger companies. Small- and medium-size companies generally experience higher growth rates and higher failure rates than do larger companies. The trading volume of the securities of small- and medium-size companies is normally lower than that of larger companies. Short-term changes in the demand for the securities of small- and medium-size companies generally has a disproportionate effect on their market price, tending to make prices rise more in response to buying demand and fall more in response to selling pressure.


Foreign Risks:  Investments in foreign equity and debt securities could subject the Portfolio to greater risks because the Portfolio's performance may depend on issues other than the performance of a particular company or U.S. market sector.  Changes in foreign economies and political climates are more likely to affect the Portfolio than a mutual fund that invests exclusively in U.S. companies.  The value of foreign securities is also affected by the value of the local currency relative to the U.S. dollar.  There may also be less government supervision of foreign markets, resulting in non-uniform accounting practices and less publicly available information.  The values of foreign investments may be affected by changes in exchange control regulations, application of foreign tax laws (including withholding tax), changes in governmental administration or economic or monetary policy (in this country or abroad) or changed circumstances in dealings between nations.  In addition, foreign brokerage commissions, custody fees and other costs of investing in foreign securities are generally higher than in the United States.  Investments in foreign issues could be affected by other factors not present in the United States, including expropriation, armed conflict, confiscatory taxation, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations and foreign securities may be more illiquid that domestic securities.


Emerging Markets Securities Risks:  The Portfolio may invest in securities of issuers located in countries with emerging securities markets. These countries may have relatively unstable governments, economies based on less diversified industrial bases and securities markets that trade a smaller number of securities. Companies in emerging markets are often smaller, less seasoned and more recently organized than many U.S. companies.


“Fund of Funds” Risk.  The Portfolio is a “fund of funds,” a term typically used to describe an investment company whose principal investment strategy involves investing in other investment companies, such as ETFs.  Investors can invest directly in ETFs and do not have to invest through the Portfolio.  The cost of investing in the Portfolio will generally be higher than the cost of investing directly in ETFs, or a mutual fund that invest directly in stocks.  Investors in the Portfolio will indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by the ETFs in which the Portfolio invests in addition to the Portfolio’s direct fees and expenses.  The Portfolio also will incur brokerage costs when it purchases ETFs.  The ETFs in which the Portfolio invests will not be able to replicate exactly the performance of the benchmarks they track because of transaction costs incurred in adjusting the actual balance of the securities and because the ETFs will incur expenses not incurred by their applicable benchmarks.  Certain securities comprising the benchmarks tracked by these ETFs may, from time to time, temporarily be unavailable, which may further impede the ability of the ETFs to track their applicable indices.   

Please refer to the section below entitled "Additional Information about Investment Strategies and Risks" for more information that you should consider before investing.


PERFORMANCE


Because the Portfolio has not commenced investment operations as of the date of this Prospectus, no performance information is available for the Portfolio at this time. In the future, performance information will be presented in this section. Also, shareholder reports containing financial and performance information will be mailed to shareholders semi-annually.


FEES AND EXPENSES


The Annual Fund Operating Expense table describes the annual operating expenses that you indirectly pay if you invest in the Portfolio through your retirement plan or if you allocate your insurance contract premiums or payments to the Portfolio.  However, each insurance contract and separate account involves fees and expenses that are not described in this Prospectus.  If the fees and expenses of your insurance contract or separate account were included in this table, your overall expenses would be higher.  You should review the insurance contract prospectus for a complete description of fees and expenses.


Annual Fund Operating Expenses are paid out of the Portfolio's assets and include fees for portfolio management, maintenance of shareholder accounts, shareholder servicing, accounting and other services.  You do not pay these fees directly but, as the example shows, these costs are borne indirectly by all shareholders.


Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that are deducted from the Portfolio's assets)

 

 

 

Management Fees

0.85%

 

 

Distribution (12b-1) and/or Shareholder Servicing Fees

0.50%

 

 

Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses2

0.48%

 

 

Other Expenses1

0.40%

 

 

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

2.23%

 

 

    Less: Expense Waiver/Reimbursement

0.25%

 

 

Net Annual Fund Operating Expenses3

1.98%

 

 


1  These expenses, which include custodian, transfer agency, shareholder servicing and other customary fund expenses, as well as the indirect costs of investing in underlying funds, are based on estimated amounts for the Portfolio's current fiscal year.

2.  The Portfolio’s shareholders indirectly bear the expenses of the underlying ETFs in which the Portfolio invests.  The Portfolio’s estimated indirect expenses of investing in the underlying ETFs represents the Portfolio’s pro rata portion of the cumulative expenses charged by the underlying ETFs based on the Portfolio’s anticipated average invested balance in each underlying ETF, the anticipated number of days invested, and each underlying ETF’s net total annual fund operating expenses for the current fiscal year.  The operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Portfolio's financial statements (or the financial highlights in this prospectus) because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Portfolio, not the indirect costs of investing in the underlying ETFs.  Excluding the indirect costs of investing in the underlying ETFs, Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses are estimated to be 1.50% after fee waivers and expense reimbursements.

3.  The Adviser has contractually agreed to reduce its fees and/or reimburse expenses of the Portfolio, at least until April 30, 2009 to ensure that Net Annual Fund Operating Expenses  (exclusive of any front-end or contingent deferred loads, taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, dividend expense on securities sold short, expenses of investing in underlying funds, or extraordinary expenses such as litigation) will not exceed 1.50% for the Portfolio.  Fee waivers and expense reimbursements are subject to possible recoupment from the Portfolio in future years on a rolling three year basis (within the three years after the fees have been waived or reimbursed) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits.


Example:  This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.  The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods.  The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, you reinvest all dividends and capital gains distributions and that the Portfolio's operating expenses remain the same (except for expense reimbursement and fee waivers reflected in the first year).  If the fees and expenses of your insurance contract or separate account were included, overall expenses would be higher.  Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:





Year 1

Year 3

$201

$ 673




ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS


Non-Principal Strategies and Risks


Temporary Defensive Positions. To respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Portfolio may invest 100% of its total assets, without limitation, in high-quality debt securities and money market instruments.  The Portfolio may be invested in these instruments for extended periods, depending on the Adviser's assessment of market conditions.  These debt securities and money market instruments include shares of other mutual funds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, U.S. Government securities, repurchase agreements and bonds that are BBB or higher.  While the Portfolio is in a defensive position, the opportunity to achieve its investment objective will be limited. Furthermore, to the extent that the Portfolio invests in money market mutual funds for its cash position, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Portfolio would bear its pro- rata portion of such money market funds' advisory fees and operational fees.  The Portfolio may also invest a substantial portion of its assets in such instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with its policies.


MANAGEMENT OF THE PORTFOLIOS


Investment Adviser


HS Dent Investment Management LLC, located at 15310 Amberly Drive, Suite 165, Tampa, Florida, serves as investment adviser to the Portfolio.  Subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, the Adviser is responsible for the overall management of the Portfolio's business affairs. The Adviser is responsible for selecting each Portfolio's investments according to the Portfolio's investment objective, polices and restrictions.  The Adviser was established in 2000.  


Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Portfolio pays the Adviser, on a monthly basis, an annual advisory fee of 0.85% of the Portfolio's average daily net assets.  


A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustee's approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement will be available in the Portfolio's most recent semi-annual shareholder report for the periods ended June 30 of each year.


In addition to investment advisory fees, the Portfolio pays other expenses including costs incurred in connection with the maintenance of its securities law registration, printing and mailing the Portfolio's prospectuses and statements of additional information ("SAIs") to shareholders, certain financial accounting services, taxes or governmental fees, custodial, transfer and shareholder servicing agent costs, expenses of outside counsel and independent accountants, preparation of shareholder reports and expenses of trustee and shareholders' meetings.


Portfolio Managers


The following portfolio managers are primarily responsible for the day to day management of the Portfolio.


Harry S. Dent, Jr. is the Managing Member and majority owner of the Adviser.  He is also the Founder of the HS Dent Foundation.  For two decades Mr. Dent has been principally engaged, as the Managing Member of HS Dent Publishing, LLC., in authoring books, special reports, and a newsletter on the topic of economic change and how to estimate economic change by analyzing demographics, predictable consumer spending patterns, and technological innovation.  Mr. Dent earned a bachelor’s degree from University of South Carolina and an MBA from Harvard University.


Rodney G. Johnson is the President and Chief Compliance Officer as well as a minority owner of the Adviser.  Mr. Johnson began working directly with Mr. Dent in 1997 to develop investment approaches based on the demographic research of Mr. Dent.  Since 2002, he has been the President of HS Dent Publishing, LLC.  Mr. Johnson earned a bachelor’s degree from Georgetown University and an MBA from Southern Methodist University.


Both Mr. Dent and Mr. Johnson develop economic and investment research for the Adviser and its affiliates, as well as write articles for the HS Dent Forecast, a monthly newsletter pertaining to financial markets and economic change.   


The Portfolio's SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers' compensation structure, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers' ownership of Portfolio shares.  The SAI also includes a description of the Portfolio's policies with respect to disclosure of portfolio holdings.


NET ASSET VALUE


Shares of the Portfolio are sold at net asset value ("NAV").  The NAV of the Portfolio is determined at the close of regular trading (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") is open for business.  The NYSE is closed on weekends and most national holidays.  The NAV is determined by dividing the value of the Portfolio's securities, cash and other assets, minus all expenses and liabilities, by the number of shares outstanding.  The NAV takes into account the expenses and fees of the Portfolio, including management, administration, and distribution fees, which are accrued daily.  All requests to purchase and sell shares, received in good order by the participating life insurance company or qualified pension or retirement plan before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day the NYSE is open, will be processed on that same day.  Requests received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on any day the NYSE is closed, will be processed on the next business day.  


Generally, equity securities are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on the securities' principal exchange. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are readily available will be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price.  Foreign equity securities are valued at the latest closing price on the exchange in which they are traded immediately prior to closing of the NYSE.  Market prices for foreign equity securities are not determined at the same time of day as the NAV for the Portfolio.  Prices of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current rates.  Because the Portfolio may invest in securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges that may trade on weekends or other days when the Portfolio does not price its shares, the value of the Portfolio's securities may change on days when you may not be able to buy or sell Portfolio shares.  Fixed-income securities that have available market quotations are priced according to the most recent bid price quoted by one or more of the major market makers.  Money market instruments held by the Portfolio have portfolio maturities that mature in one year or less and may use the amortized cost or penny rounding method to value their securities.  Securities having 60 days or less remaining to maturity generally are valued at their amortized cost, which approximates market value.


If events materially affecting the value of the Portfolio's securities, particularly foreign securities, occur after the close of trading on a foreign market but before the Portfolio prices its shares, the securities will be valued at fair value.  For example, if trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the Portfolio calculates its NAV, the Portfolio may need to price the security using its fair value pricing guidelines.  Without a fair value price, short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors in the Portfolio.  Fair valuation can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing policies will prevent dilution of the Portfolio's NAV by short term traders.  The determination of fair value involves subjective judgments.  As a result, using fair value to price a security may result in a price materially different from the prices used by other mutual funds to determine NAV or the price that may be realized upon the actual sale of the security.  The Portfolio may use independent pricing services to assist in calculating the value of the Portfolio's securities.  


HOW TO PURCHASE AND REDEEM SHARES


As described earlier in this Prospectus, shares of the Portfolio are intended to be sold to certain separate accounts of the participating life insurance company, as well as qualified pension and retirement plans and certain unregistered separate accounts.  You and other purchasers of variable contracts will not own shares of the Portfolio directly.  Rather, all shares will be held by the separate accounts for your benefit and the benefit of other purchasers of variable contracts.  All investments in the Portfolio are credited to the shareholder's account in the form of full or fractional shares of the Portfolio.  The Portfolio does not issue share certificates.  Separate accounts may redeem shares to make benefit or surrender payments to you and other purchasers of variable contracts or for other reasons described in the separate account prospectus that you received when you purchased your variable contract.  Redemptions are processed on any day on which the Portfolio is open for business.


When Your Order is Processed


Shares of the Portfolio are sold and redeemed at their current NAV per share without the imposition of any sales commission or redemption charge, although certain sales and other charges may apply to the policies or annuity contracts.  These charges are described in the applicable product prospectus. Requests to purchase and sell shares are processed at the NAV next calculated after the request is received by the participating life insurance company, or qualified pension or retirement plan, in proper form.  All requests received in good order by the participating life insurance company, or qualified pension or retirement plan before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day the NYSE is open will be processed on that same day.  Requests received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on any day the NYSE is closed, will be processed on the next business day.  The insurance company or qualified pension or retirement plan is responsible for properly transmitting purchase orders and federal funds to the Portfolios.


The USA PATRIOT Act requires financial institutions, including the Portfolio, to adopt certain policies and programs to prevent money-laundering activities, including procedures to verify the identity of customers opening new accounts.   You will be required by your insurance company, or pension or retirement plan, to supply certain information, such as your full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent street address.  This information will assist it in verifying your identity.    As required by law, your insurance company, or pension or retirement plan may employ various procedures, such as comparing the information to fraud databases or requesting additional information or documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct.


TAX STATUS


The Portfolio intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended ("Code").  As qualified, the Portfolio is not subject to federal income tax on that part of its taxable income that it distributes to the separate accounts.  Taxable income consists generally of net investment income, and any capital gains.  It is the Portfolio's intention to distribute all such income and gains.


Generally, owners of variable insurance contracts are not taxed currently on income or gains realized with respect to such contracts.  However, some distributions from such contracts may be taxable at ordinary income tax rates.  In addition, distributions made to an owner who is younger than 59 1/2 may be subject to a 10% penalty tax. Investors should ask their own tax advisors for more information on their own tax situation, including possible state or local taxes.


Shares of the Portfolio are offered only to the separate accounts of the participating life insurance company and its affiliates.  Separate accounts are insurance company separate accounts that fund the variable contracts.  Under the Code, the insurance company pays no tax with respect to income of a qualifying separate account when the income is properly allocable to the value of eligible variable contracts.  In order for contract owners to receive the favorable tax treatment available to holders of variable insurance contracts, the separate accounts, as well as the Portfolio, must meet certain diversification requirements. If a Portfolio does not meet such requirements, income allocable to the contracts would be taxable currently to the holders of such contracts.  The diversification requirements are discussed below.


Section 817(h) of the Code and the regulations there under impose "diversification" requirements on the Portfolio.  The Portfolio intends to comply with the diversification requirements.  These requirements are in addition to the diversification requirements imposed on the Portfolio by Subchapter M and the Investment Company Act of 1940.  The Section 817(h) requirements place certain limitations on the assets of each separate account that may be invested in securities of a single issuer.  Specifically, the regulations provide that, except as permitted by "safe harbor" rules described below, as of the end of each calendar quarter or within 30 days thereafter, no more than 55% of the Portfolio's total assets may be represented by any one investment, no more than 70% by any two investments, no more than 80% by any three investments, and no more than 90% by any four investments.


Section 817(h) also provides an alternative, whereby a separate account will be treated as being adequately diversified if the diversification requirements under Subchapter M are satisfied and no more than 55% of the value of the account's total assets are cash and cash items, government securities, and securities of other regulated investment companies.  For purposes of Section 817(h), all securities of the same issuer, all interests in the same real property, and all interests in the same commodity are treated as a single investment.  In addition, each U.S. government agency or instrumentality is treated as a separate issuer, while the securities of a particular foreign government and its agencies, instrumentalities, and political subdivisions all will be considered securities issued by the same issuer.  If the Portfolio does not satisfy the Section 817(h) requirements, the separate accounts, the insurance company, the policies and the annuity contracts may be taxable. See the prospectuses for the policies and annuity contracts.


For a more complete discussion of the taxation of the participating life insurance company and its separate accounts, as well as the tax treatment of the variable contracts and the holders thereof, see the prospectus for the applicable variable contract.


The foregoing is only a summary of some of the important federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Portfolio and you; see the Statement of Additional Information for a more detailed discussion. You are urged to consult your tax advisor.


DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS


All dividends are distributed to the separate accounts on an annual basis and will be automatically reinvested in Portfolio shares unless an election is made on behalf of a separate account to receive some or all of the dividends in cash.  Dividends are not taxable as current income to you or other purchasers of variable insurance contracts.


MARKET TIMING


Frequent trading into and out of the Portfolio can harm all Portfolio shareholders by disrupting the Portfolio's investment strategies, increasing brokerage and administrative costs, decreasing tax efficiency and diluting the value of shares held by long-term shareholders.  The Portfolio is designed for long-term investors and is not intended for market timing or other disruptive trading activities.  Accordingly, the Portfolio's Board has approved policies that seek to curb these disruptive activities while recognizing that shareholders may have a legitimate need to adjust their Portfolio investments as their financial needs or circumstances change.


The Portfolio reserves the right to reject or restrict a purchase request for any reason, particularly when the shareholder's trading activity suggests that the shareholder may be engaged in market timing or other disruptive trading activities.  Neither the Portfolio nor the Advisor will be liable for any losses resulting from rejected purchase orders.  The Advisor may also bar an investor who has violated these policies (and the investor's financial advisor) from opening new accounts with the Portfolio.  


Because purchase and sale transactions are submitted to the Portfolio on an aggregated basis by the insurance company issuing the variable insurance contract or variable life contract, the Portfolio requires the insurance company to have in place policies and procedures reasonably designed to deter market timing in the separate accounts by the contract or policy holders.  Short of rejecting all transactions made by a separate account, the Portfolio lacks the ability to reject individual short-term trading transactions.  The Portfolio, therefore, has to rely upon the insurance company to police restrictions in the variable insurance contracts or according to the insurance company's administrative policies.  The Portfolio has entered into an information sharing agreement with the insurance company that uses the Portfolio as an underlying investment vehicle for its separate accounts. Under this agreement, the insurance company is obligated to (i) adopt and enforce during the term of the agreement a market timing policy, the terms of which are acceptable to the Portfolio, (ii) furnish the Portfolio, upon its  request, with information regarding contract or policy holder trading activities in shares of the Portfolio, and (iii) enforce its market timing policy with respect to contract or policy holders identified by the Portfolio as having engaged in market timing, including, among other things, rejection of subsequent purchase orders and suspension of exchange privileges.  


The Portfolio will seek to monitor for market timing activities, such as unusual cash flows, and work with the insurance company to determine whether or not short-term trading is involved.  When information regarding  transactions in the Portfolio's shares is requested by the Portfolio and such information is in the possession of a person that is itself a financial intermediary to the insurance company (an "indirect intermediary"), the insurance company is obligated to obtain transaction information from the indirect intermediary or, if directed by the Portfolio, to restrict or prohibit the indirect intermediary from purchasing shares of the Portfolio on behalf of the contract or policy holder or any other persons.  The Portfolio will seek to apply these policies as uniformly as practicable.  It is, however, more difficult to locate and eliminate individual market timers in the separate accounts because information about trading is received on a delayed basis and there can be no assurances that the Portfolio will be able to do so. In addition, the right of an owner of a variable insurance product to transfer among sub-accounts is governed by a contract between the insurance company and the owner.  Many of these contracts do not limit the number of transfers that a contract owner may make among the available investment options.  The terms of these contracts, the presence of financial intermediaries (including the insurance company) between the Portfolio and the contract and policy holders and other factors such as state insurance laws may limit the Portfolio's ability to deter market timing.  Multiple tiers of such financial intermediaries may further compound the Portfolio's difficulty in deterring such market timing activities.  Variable insurance contract holders should consult the prospectus for their variable insurance contract for additional information on contract level restrictions relating to market timing.


VOTING AND MEETINGS


The participating insurance company that issued your variable contract will solicit voting instructions from you and other purchasers of variable contracts with respect to any matters that are presented to a vote of shareholders.  The insurance company may be required to vote on a proportional basis, which means that for shares outstanding for which it receives no instructions, the insurance company will vote those shares in the same proportion as the shares for which it did receive instructions (either for or against a proposal).  To the extent your insurance company is required to vote the total Portfolio shares held in its separate accounts on a proportional basis, it is possible that a small number of variable contract owners would be able to determine the outcome of a matter.  The Trust may consist of more than one portfolio.  Each portfolio will vote separately on matters relating solely to that portfolio or which affects that portfolio differently.  However, all shareholders will have equal voting rights on matters that affect all portfolios equally. Shareholders shall be entitled to one vote for each share held.


The Trust does not hold annual meetings of shareholders but may hold special meetings.  Special meetings are held, for example, to elect or remove Trustees, change a portfolio's fundamental investment policies, or approve an investment advisory contract.  Unless required otherwise by applicable laws, one third of the outstanding shares of the Trust constitutes a quorum (or one third of a portfolio or class if the matter relates only to the portfolio or class).


DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES PLAN


The Board of Trustees of the Trust has adopted, on behalf of the Portfolio, a Distribution Plan and Agreement pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act  (the "Plan") to pay for certain distribution activities and shareholder services with respect to the Portfolio.  Under the Plan, the Portfolio may pay 0.50% per year of its average daily net assets for such distribution and shareholder service activities.  Because these distribution and shareholder service fees are paid out of the Portfolio's assets on an ongoing basis, the fees may, over time, increase the cost of investing in the Portfolio and cost investors more than other types of sales charges.


The Portfolio may make payments to brokers, dealers and other financial intermediaries, including the insurance company, for providing shareholder services and for promotional and sales related costs.  In addition, the Adviser may pay additional compensation, out of the Adviser's own assets, to the insurance company or other intermediaries or their affiliates, based on sales of assets attributable to a firm, or such other criteria agreed to by the Adviser.  Such payments will not increase Portfolio expenses.  The firms to which these payments may be made are determined by the Adviser.  These payments may provide an incentive, in addition to any distribution fees paid pursuant to Rule 12b-1, to these firms to actively promote the Portfolio or cooperate with other promotional efforts.



NOTICE OF PRIVACY POLICY & PRACTICES


The privacy of our shareholders is important to us.  The Trust is committed to maintaining the confidentiality, integrity and security of shareholder information.  When a shareholder provides personal information, the Trust believes that the shareholder should be aware of policies to protect the confidentiality of that information.  


Because shares of the Portfolio are offered only to the participating insurance company and its separate accounts to fund the benefits of variable annuity contracts, and to qualified pension and retirement plans and unregistered separate accounts, the Trust does not collect personal information about you, the underlying investor.  The Trust collects the following nonpublic personal information from the separate accounts:


·

Information we receive from the shareholder on or in applications or other forms, correspondence, or conversations, including, but not limited to account name, address, phone number, tax ID number; and


·

Information about shareholder transactions with us, our affiliates, or others, including, but not limited to, account number and balance, payments history, parties to transactions, cost basis information, and other financial information.


The Trust does not disclose any nonpublic personal information about our current or former shareholders to nonaffiliated third parties, except as permitted by law.  For example, the Trust is permitted by law to disclose all of the information we collect, as described above, to our transfer agent to process your transactions.  Furthermore, the Trust restricts access to your nonpublic personal information to those persons who require such information to provide products or services to you.  The Trust maintains physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards that comply with federal standards to guard your nonpublic personal information.


The privacy policy of your financial intermediary governs how your nonpublic personal information can be shared with non-affiliated third parties.




DENT STRATEGIC PORTFOLIO



Adviser


HS Dent Advisors Inc.

15310 Amberly Drive, Suite 165

Tampa, Florida 33647


Legal Counsel


Thompson Hine LLP
312 Walnut Street, 14th Floor

Cincinnati, Ohio 45202-4089


Transfer Agent


Gemini Fund Services, LLC

4020 South 147th Street, Suite 2

Omaha, Nebraska  68137


Custodian


Citibank, N.A.,

One Sansome Street 25th Floor

San Francisco, CA  94104


Additional information about the Portfolio, including the Portfolio's policies and procedures with respect to disclosure of the Portfolio's investments, is included in the Portfolio's SAI dated May 1, 2008.  The SAI is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference (i.e., legally made a part of this Prospectus).  The SAI provides more details about the Portfolio's policies and management. Additional information about the Portfolio's investments will also be available in the Portfolio's Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders.  In the Portfolio's Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Portfolio's performance during its last fiscal year.


To obtain a free copy of the SAI, Annual and Semi-Annual Reports or other information about the Portfolio, please call the Adviser at 813-514-6764.  As of the date of this prospectus, the Portfolio does not have a website.  You may also write to:


Dent Strategic Portfolio

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

4020 South 147th Street, Suite 2

Omaha, Nebraska 68137


You may review and obtain copies of the Portfolio's information at the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C.  Please call 1-202-551-8090 for information relating to the operation of the Public Reference Room.  Reports and other information about the Portfolio are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov.  Copies of the information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NW, Washington, D.C.  20549-0102.


Investment Company Act File #811-21853






Dent Strategic Portfolio



Series of Northern Lights Variable Trust


 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

May 1, 2008


 

This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the prospectus of the Dent Strategic Portfolio dated May 1, 2008, a copy of which may be obtained without charge by contacting the Portfolio’s Transfer Agent, Gemini Fund Services, LLC, 4020 South 147th Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68137, or by calling the Adviser at 813-514-6764.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

  

THE PORTFOLIO

2

TYPES OF INVESTMENTS

3

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

23

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

25

MANAGEMENT

27

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS

31

INVESTMENT ADVISER

32

DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES PLAN

35

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

36

ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE

37

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

38

OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS

38

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

40

ANTI- MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM

41

PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES

41

TAX STATUS

43

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

46

LEGAL COUNSEL

46

APPENDIX A – DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS

A-1

APPENDIX B – PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

B-1




THE PORTFOLIO



The Dent Strategic Portfolio, ("Portfolio") is a diversified series of Northern Lights Variable Trust, a Delaware statutory trust organized on November 2, 2005 (the “Trust”). The Portfolio is managed by HS Dent Investment Management, LLC. (the "Adviser").  


The Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company.  The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the “Board” or “Trustees”). The Portfolio may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest.  All shares of the Portfolio have equal rights and privileges.  Each share of the Portfolio is entitled to one vote on all matters as to which shares are entitled to vote.  In addition, each share of a Portfolio is entitled to participate equally with other shares (i) in dividends and distributions declared by the Portfolio and (ii) on liquidation to its proportionate share of the assets remaining after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities.  Shares of the Portfolios are fully paid, non-assessable and fully transferable when issued and have no pre-emptive, conversion or exchange rights.  Fractional shares have proportionately the same rights, including voting rights, as are provided for a full share.


The Portfolio's investment objectives, restrictions and policies are more fully described here and in the Prospectus.  The Board may start other series and offer shares of a new fund under the Trust at any time.


Under the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, each Trustee will continue in office until the termination of the Trust or his/her earlier death, incapacity, resignation or removal.  Shareholders can remove a Trustee to the extent provided by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.  Vacancies may be filled by a majority of the remaining Trustees, except insofar as the 1940 Act may require the election by shareholders.  As a result, normally no annual or regular meetings of shareholders will be held unless matters arise requiring a vote of shareholders under the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or the 1940 Act.


The Portfolio's shares are only offered on a continuous basis to the participating insurance company, which offers variable annuity insurance contracts and flexible premium variable life insurance policies (“Contracts”), certain qualified pension and retirement plans ("Qualified Plans"), separate accounts that are not registered as investment companies ("Unregistered Separate Accounts") and to other persons permitted to hold shares of the Trust pursuant to Treasury Regulation 1.817-5.  Presently, the Portfolio is only offered through separate accounts of one insurance company ( the “Insurance Company”).  

The Portfolio does not foresee any disadvantage to purchasers of Contracts arising out of these arrangements.  Nevertheless, differences in treatment under tax and other laws, as well as other considerations, could cause the interests of purchasers of various Contracts and/or Qualified Plans to conflict.  For example, violation of the federal tax laws by one separate account investing in the Portfolio could cause the Contracts funded through another separate account to lose their tax-deferred status, unless remedial action is taken.  If a material, irreconcilable conflict arises between separate accounts, a separate account may be required to withdraw its participation in the Portfolio.  If it becomes necessary for any separate account to replace shares of the Portfolio with another investment, the Portfolio may have to liquidate securities on a disadvantageous basis.  

For a description of the methods used to determine the share price and value of the Portfolio's assets, see "Net Asset Value" in the Portfolio's Prospectus and "Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares" in this Statement of Additional Information.


TYPES OF INVESTMENTS



The investment objective of the Portfolio and a description of its principal investment strategies are set forth under “Risk/Return Summary” in the Prospectus.  The Portfolio’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust.


The following pages contain more detailed information about the types of instruments in which the Portfolio may invest.  


Equity Securities


Equity securities in which a Portfolio may invest include common stocks, preferred stocks and securities convertible into common stocks, such as convertible bonds, warrants, rights and options.  The value of equity securities varies in response to many factors, including the activities and financial condition of individual companies, the business market in which individual companies compete and general market and economic conditions.  Equity securities fluctuate in value, often based on factors unrelated to the value of the issuer of the securities, and such fluctuations can be significant.


Common Stock


Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company.  In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company's stock price.


Preferred Stock


The Portfolio may invest in preferred stock with no minimum credit rating. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment should a company be liquidated, although preferred stock is usually junior to the debt securities of the issuer.  Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates.


The fundamental risk of investing in common and preferred stock is the risk that the value of the stock might decrease.  Stock values fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short-term risks than preferred stocks, fixed-income securities and money market investments.  The market value of all securities, including common and preferred stocks, is based upon the market's perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measures of a company's worth.


Convertible Securities


The Portfolio may invest in convertible securities with no minimum credit rating. Convertible securities include fixed income securities that may be exchanged or converted into a predetermined number of shares of the issuer's underlying common stock at the option of the holder during a specified period.  Convertible securities may take the form of convertible preferred stock, convertible bonds or debentures, units consisting of "usable" bonds and warrants or a combination of the features of several of these securities.  Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an issuer’s capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities.  While providing a fixed-income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a market price advance in the convertible security’s underlying common stock.


Warrants


The Portfolio may invest in warrants.  Warrants are options to purchase common stock at a specific price (usually at a premium above the market value of the optioned common stock at issuance) valid for a specific period of time.  Warrants may have a life ranging from less than one year to twenty years, or they may be perpetual. However, most warrants have expiration dates after which they are worthless.  In addition, a warrant is worthless if the market price of the common stock does not exceed the warrant's exercise price during the life of the warrant.  Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them.  The percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the warrant may tend to be greater than the percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the optioned common stock.  


Depositary Receipts


The Portfolio may invest in sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), which are receipts issued by an American bank or trust company evidencing ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in U.S. securities markets.  Unsponsored ADRs may be created without the participation of the foreign issuer. Holders of these ADRs generally bear all the costs of the ADR facility, whereas foreign issuers typically bear certain costs in a sponsored ADR.  The bank or trust company depositary of an unsponsored ADR may be under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the foreign issuer or to pass through voting rights.  Many of the risks described below regarding foreign securities apply to investments in ADRs.


Foreign Securities


General.  The Portfolio may invest directly in foreign securities and in exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) and other investment companies that hold a portfolio of foreign securities.  Investing in securities of foreign companies and countries involves certain considerations and risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. government securities and securities of domestic companies.  There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than a domestic one, and foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies.  There may also be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies than exists in the United States. Interest and dividends paid by foreign issuers may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on such investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to the Portfolio by domestic companies or the U.S. government.  There may be the possibility of expropriations, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, confiscatory taxation, political, economic or social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Portfolio held in foreign countries.  Finally, the establishment of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions could adversely affect the payment of obligations.


To the extent the Portfolio's currency exchange transactions do not fully protect the Portfolio against adverse changes in currency exchange rates, decreases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Portfolio will invest relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding decrease in the U.S. dollar value of the Portfolio's assets denominated in those currencies (and possibly a corresponding increase in the amount of securities required to be liquidated to meet distribution requirements).  Conversely, increases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Portfolio invests relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding increase in the U.S. dollar value of the Portfolio's assets (and possibly a corresponding decrease in the amount of securities to be liquidated).


Emerging Markets Securities.  The Portfolio may invest directly in and purchase ETFs and other mutual funds that invest in emerging market securities. Investing in emerging market securities imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries.  These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions on foreign investment; possible repatriation of investment income and capital.  In addition, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales; future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies.  The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Portfolio.  Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.


Additional risks of emerging markets securities may include: greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability; more substantial governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision and regulation; unavailability of currency hedging techniques; companies that are newly organized and small; differences in auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; and less developed legal systems.  In addition, emerging securities markets may have different clearance and settlement procedures, which may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions.  Settlement problems may cause the Portfolio to miss attractive investment opportunities, hold a portion of its assets in cash pending investment, or be delayed in disposing of a portfolio security. Such a delay could result in possible liability to a purchaser of the security.


Debt Securities


The following describes some of the risks associated with fixed income debt securities:


Interest Rate Risk.  Debt securities have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in interest rates. In general, the price of a debt security can fall when interest rates rise and can rise when interest rates fall.  Securities with longer maturities and mortgage securities can be more sensitive to interest rate changes although they usually offer higher yields to compensate investors for the greater risks.  The longer the maturity of the security, the greater the impact a change in interest rates could have on the security's price. In addition, short-term and long-term interest rates do not necessarily move in the same amount or the same direction.  Short-term securities tend to react to changes in short-term interest rates and long-term securities tend to react to changes in long-term interest rates.


Credit Risk.  Fixed income securities have speculative characteristics and changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of those issuers to make principal or interest payments, as compared to issuers of more highly rated securities.


Extension Risk.  The Portfolio is subject to the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Portfolio (such as mortgage-backed securities) later than expected.  This may happen when there is a rise in interest rates.  These events may lengthen the duration (i.e. interest rate sensitivity) and potentially reduce the value of these securities.


Prepayment Risk.  Certain types of debt securities, such as mortgage-backed securities, have yield and maturity characteristics corresponding to underlying assets. Unlike traditional debt securities, which may pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity when the entire principal amount comes due, payments on certain mortgage-backed securities may include both interest and a partial payment of principal.  Besides the scheduled repayment of principal, payments of principal may result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing, or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans.


Securities subject to prepayment are less effective than other types of securities as a means of "locking in" attractive long-term interest rates.  One reason is the need to reinvest prepayments of principal; another is the possibility of significant unscheduled prepayments resulting from declines in interest rates.  These prepayments would have to be reinvested at lower rates.  As a result, these securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates.  Prepayments may also significantly shorten the effective maturities of these securities, especially during periods of declining interest rates.  Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective maturities of these securities, subjecting them to a greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates than traditional debt securities, and, therefore, potentially increasing the volatility of the Portfolio.  


At times, some of the mortgage-backed securities in which the Portfolio may invest will have higher than market interest rates and therefore will be purchased at a premium above their par value.  Prepayments may cause losses in securities purchased at a premium, as unscheduled prepayments, which are made at par, will cause the Portfolio to experience a loss equal to any unamortized premium.


Certificates of Deposit and Bankers’ Acceptances


The Portfolio may invest in certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances, which are considered to be short-term money market instruments.


Certificates of deposit are receipts issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds.  The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the receipt on the date specified on the certificate.  The certificate usually can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Bankers’ acceptances typically arise from short-term credit arrangements designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions.  Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise.  The draft is then “accepted” by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date.  The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity.  Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.


Commercial Paper


The Portfolio may purchase commercial paper.  Commercial paper consists of short-term (usually from 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current operations.


Time Deposits and Variable Rate Notes


A Portfolio may invest in fixed time deposits, whether or not subject to withdrawal penalties.


The commercial paper obligations, which the Portfolio may buy are unsecured and may include variable rate notes.  The nature and terms of a variable rate note (i.e., a “Master Note”) permit the Portfolio to invest fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to a direct arrangement between the Portfolio as Lender, and the issuer, as borrower. It permits daily changes in the amounts borrowed.  The Portfolio has the right at any time to increase, up to the full amount stated in the note agreement, or to decrease the amount outstanding under the note.  The issuer may prepay at any time and without penalty any part of or the full amount of the note.  The note may or may not be backed by one or more bank letters of credit.  Because these notes are direct lending arrangements between the Portfolio and the issuer, it is not generally contemplated that they will be traded; moreover, there is currently no secondary market for them.  Except as specifically provided in the Prospectus, there is no limitation on the type of issuer from whom these notes may be purchased; however, in connection with such purchase and on an ongoing basis, the Portfolio's Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuer, and its ability to pay principal and interest on demand, including a situation in which all holders of such notes made demand simultaneously.  Variable rate notes are subject to the Portfolio's investment restriction on illiquid securities unless such notes can be put back to the issuer on demand within seven days.


Insured Bank Obligations


The Portfolio may invest in insured bank obligations.  The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insures the deposits of federally insured banks and savings and loan associations (collectively referred to as “banks”) up to $100,000.  The Portfolio may purchase bank obligations, which are fully insured as to principal by the FDIC. Currently, to remain fully insured as to principal, these investments must be limited to $100,000 per bank; if the principal amount and accrued interest together exceed $100,000, the excess principal and accrued interest will not be insured. Insured bank obligations may have limited marketability.


United States Government Obligations


These consist of various types of marketable securities issued by the United States Treasury, i.e., bills, notes and bonds.  Such securities are direct obligations of the United States government and differ mainly in the length of their maturity. Treasury bills, the most frequently issued marketable government security, have a maturity of up to one year and are issued on a discount basis.  The Portfolio may also invest in Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS).  TIPS are special types of treasury bonds that were created in order to offer bond investors protection from inflation.  The value of the TIPS are automatically adjusted to the inflation rate as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).  If the CPI goes up by half a percent, the value of the bond (the TIPS) would also go up by half a percent.  If the CPI falls, the value of the bond does not fall because the government guarantees that the original investment will stay the same.  TIPS decline in value when real interest rates rise.  However, in certain interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates, TIPS may experience greater losses than other fixed income securities with similar duration.


United States Government Agencies

 

These consist of debt securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the United States government, including the various types of instruments currently outstanding or which may be offered in the future. Agencies include, among others, the Federal Housing Administration, government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Farmer's Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Maritime Administration, and General Services Administration. Instrumentalities include, for example, each of the Federal Home Loan Banks, the National Bank for Cooperatives, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), the Farm Credit Banks, the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), and the United States Postal Service. These securities are either: (i) backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government (e.g., United States Treasury Bills); (ii) guaranteed by the United States Treasury (e.g., GNMA mortgage-backed securities); (iii) supported by the issuing agency's or instrumentality's right to borrow from the United States Treasury (e.g., FNMA Discount Notes); or (iv) supported only by the issuing agency's or instrumentality's own credit (e.g., Tennessee Valley Association).


Government-related guarantors (i.e. not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders.  It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers.  Pass-though securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.


FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing.  It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders. FHLMC issues Participation Certificates (“PC’s”) which represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-though pools of conventional residential mortgage loans.  Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities.  Pools created by such nongovernmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools.  However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit.  The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers.

 

Mortgage Pass-Through Securities


Interests in pools of mortgage pass-through securities differ from other forms of debt securities (which normally provide periodic payments of interest in fixed amounts and the payment of principal in a lump sum at maturity or on specified call dates). Instead, mortgage pass-through securities provide monthly payments consisting of both interest and principal payments.  In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on the underlying residential mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities.  Unscheduled payments of principal may be made if the underlying mortgage loans are repaid or refinanced or the underlying properties are foreclosed, thereby shortening the securities’ weighted average life.  Some mortgage pass-through securities (such as securities guaranteed by GNMA) are described as “modified pass-through securities.”  These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, on the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether the mortgagor actually makes the payment.


The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage pass-through securities is GNMA. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by lending institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgage loans.  These mortgage loans are either insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration.  A “pool” or group of such mortgage loans is assembled and after being approved by GNMA, is offered to investors through securities dealers.


Government-related guarantors of mortgage pass-through securities (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury) include FNMA and FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders.  It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved sellers/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers.  Mortgage pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury.


Resets.  The interest rates paid on the Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities (“ARMs”) in which the Portfolio may invest generally are readjusted or reset at intervals of one year or less to an increment over some predetermined interest rate index.  There are two main categories of indices: those based on U.S. Treasury securities and those derived from a calculated measure, such as a cost of funds index or a moving average of mortgage rates.  Commonly utilized indices include the one-year and five-year constant maturity Treasury Note rates, the three-month Treasury Bill rate, the 180-day Treasury Bill rate, rates on longer-term Treasury securities, the National Median Cost of Portfolios, the one-month or three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the prime rate of a specific bank, or commercial paper rates. Some indices, such as the one-year constant maturity Treasury Note rate, closely mirror changes in market interest rate levels. Others tend to lag changes in market rate levels and tend to be somewhat less volatile.


Caps and Floors.  The underlying mortgages which collateralize the ARMs in which the Portfolio may invest will frequently have caps and floors which limit the maximum amount by which the loan rate to the residential borrower may change up or down: (1) per reset or adjustment interval, and (2) over the life of the loan.  Some residential mortgage loans restrict periodic adjustments by limiting changes in the borrower’s monthly principal and interest payments rather than limiting interest rate changes.  These payment caps may result in negative amortization.  The value of mortgage securities in which the Portfolio invests may be affected if market interest rates rise or fall faster and farther than the allowable caps or floors on the underlying residential mortgage loans.  Additionally, even though the interest rates on the underlying residential mortgages are adjustable, amortization and prepayments may occur, thereby causing the effective maturities of the mortgage securities in which the Portfolio invests to be shorter than the maturities stated in the underlying mortgages.


Securities Options

The Portfolio may purchase and write (i.e., sell) put and call options.  Such options may relate to particular securities or stock indices, and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation.  Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails greater than ordinary investment risk.  Options may be more volatile than the underlying instruments, and therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves.

A call option for a particular security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer (seller) the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option, regardless of the market price of the security.  The premium paid to the writer is in consideration for undertaking the obligation under the option contract.  A put option for a particular security gives the purchaser the right to sell the security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the security.

Stock index options are put options and call options on various stock indices. In most respects, they are identical to listed options on common stocks.  The primary difference between stock options and index options occurs when index options are exercised. In the case of stock options, the underlying security, common stock, is delivered. However, upon the exercise of an index option, settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the index.  The option holder who exercises the index option receives an amount of cash if the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than, in the case of a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option.  This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the stock index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple.  A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market value of the stocks included in the index.  For example, some stock index options are based on a broad market index, such as the Standard & Poor's 500® Index or the Value Line Composite Index or a narrower market index, such as the Standard & Poor's 100®.  Indices may also be based on an industry or market segment, such as the AMEX Oil and Gas Index or the Computer and Business Equipment Index.  Options on stock indices are currently traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the Pacific Stock Exchange and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange.

The Portfolio's obligation to sell an instrument subject to a call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by the Portfolio's execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written.  A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. The cost of such a liquidation purchase plus transactions costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the Portfolio will have incurred a loss in the transaction.  There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option.  An option writer unable to effect a closing purchase transaction will not be able to sell the underlying instrument or liquidate the assets held in a segregated account, as described below, until the option expires or the optioned instrument is delivered upon exercise.  In such circumstances, the writer will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period.

If an option purchased by a Portfolio expires unexercised, the Portfolio realizes a loss equal to the premium paid.  If the Portfolio enters into a closing sale transaction on an option purchased by it, the Portfolio will realize a gain if the premium received by the Portfolio on the closing transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, or a loss if it is less.  If an option written by the Portfolio expires on the stipulated expiration date or if the Portfolio enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold). If an option written by the Portfolio is exercised, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally received and the Portfolio will realize a gain or loss.

Certain Risks Regarding Options.  There are several risks associated with transactions in options.  For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives.  In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading value; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

Successful use by the Portfolio of options on stock indices will be subject to the ability of the Adviser to correctly predict movements in the directions of the stock market.  This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities.  In addition, the Portfolio's ability to effectively hedge all or a portion of the securities in its portfolio, in anticipation of or during a market decline, through transactions in put options on stock indices, depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index correlate with the price movements of the securities held by the Portfolio.  Inasmuch as the Portfolio's securities will not duplicate the components of an index, the correlation will not be perfect.  Consequently, the Portfolio bears the risk that the prices of its securities being hedged will not move in the same amount as the prices of its put options on the stock indices. It is also possible that there may be a negative correlation between the index and the Portfolio's securities that would result in a loss on both such securities and the options on stock indices acquired by the Portfolio.

The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded.  To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets.  The purchase of options is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions.  The purchase of stock index options involves the risk that the premium and transaction costs paid by the Portfolio in purchasing an option will be lost as a result of unanticipated movements in prices of the securities comprising the stock index on which the option is based.

There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and for some options no secondary market on an exchange or elsewhere may exist.  If the Portfolio is unable to close out a call option on securities that it has written before the option is exercised, the Portfolio may be required to purchase the optioned securities in order to satisfy its obligation under the option to deliver such securities.  If the Portfolio is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options on securities that it has purchased, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase and sale of the underlying securities.

Cover for Options Positions.  Transactions using options (other than options that the Portfolio has purchased) expose the Portfolio to an obligation to another party.  The Portfolio will not enter into any such transactions unless it owns either (i) an offsetting ("covered") position in securities or other options or (ii) cash or liquid securities with a value sufficient at all times to cover its potential obligations not covered as provided in (i) above.  The Portfolio will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and, if the guidelines so require, set aside cash or liquid securities in a segregated account with the Custodian in the prescribed amount.  Under current SEC guidelines, the Portfolio will segregate assets to cover transactions in which the  Portfolio writes or sells options.

Assets used as cover or held in a segregated account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding option is open, unless they are replaced with similar assets.  As a result, the commitment of a large portion of the  Portfolio 's assets to cover or segregated accounts could impede portfolio management or the Portfolio 's ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Options on Futures Contracts.  The Portfolio may purchase and sell options on the same types of futures in which it may invest. Options on futures are similar to options on underlying instruments except that options on futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), rather than to purchase or sell the futures contract, at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option.  Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by the delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract.  Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.


Dealer Options


The Portfolio may engage in transactions involving dealer options as well as exchange-traded options.  Certain additional risks are specific to dealer options. While the Portfolio might look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Portfolio were to purchase a dealer option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to perform if the option were exercised.  Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the Portfolio as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.


Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while dealer options may not.  Consequently, the Portfolio may generally be able to realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the dealer who issued it.  Similarly, when the Portfolio writes a dealer option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to whom the Portfolio originally wrote the option.  While the Portfolio will seek to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Portfolio, there can be no assurance that the Portfolio will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration.  Unless the Portfolio, as a covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the Portfolio may be unable to liquidate a dealer option.  With respect to options written by the Portfolio, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the Portfolio.  For example, because the Portfolio must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, the Portfolio may not sell the assets that it has segregated to secure the position while it is obligated under the option.  This requirement may impair the Portfolio’s ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.


The Staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities.  The Portfolio may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the Portfolio may repurchase the dealer option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula.  In such cases, the dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. Accordingly, the Portfolio will treat dealer options as subject to the Portfolio’s limitation on illiquid securities.  If the SEC changes its position on the liquidity of dealer options, the Portfolio will change its treatment of such instruments accordingly.


Spread Transactions


The Portfolio may purchase covered spread options from securities dealers.  These covered spread options are not presently exchange-listed or exchange-traded.  The purchase of a spread option gives the Portfolio the right to put securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed yield spread in relationship to another security that the Portfolio does not own, but which is used as a benchmark.  The risk to the Portfolio, in addition to the risks of dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any transaction costs.  The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the Portfolio against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, i.e., the yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities.  This protection is provided only during the life of the spread options.


Repurchase Agreements


The Portfolio may enter into repurchase agreements.  In a repurchase agreement, an investor purchases a security (known as the "underlying security") from a securities dealer or bank.  Any such dealer or bank must be deemed creditworthy by the Adviser.  At that time, the bank or securities dealer agrees to repurchase the underlying security at a mutually agreed upon price on a designated future date.  The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Portfolio, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the same, with interest at an agreed upon rate due to the Portfolio on repurchase.  In either case, the income to the Portfolio generally will be unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying securities.  Repurchase agreements must be "fully collateralized," in that the market value of the underlying securities (including accrued interest) must at all times be equal to or greater than the repurchase price.  Therefore, a repurchase agreement can be considered a loan collateralized by the underlying securities.

 

Repurchase agreements are generally for a short period of time, often less than a week, and will generally be used by the Portfolio to invest excess cash or as part of a temporary defensive strategy.  Repurchase agreements that do not provide for payment within seven days will be treated as illiquid securities.  In the event of a bankruptcy or other default by the seller of a repurchase agreement, the Portfolio could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses.  These losses could result from: (a) possible decline in the value of the underlying security while the Portfolio is seeking to enforce its rights under the repurchase agreement; (b) possible reduced levels of income or lack of access to income during this period; and (c) expenses of enforcing its rights.


Futures Contracts


A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific financial instrument (e.g., units of a stock index) for a specified price, date, time and place designated at the time the contract is made.  Brokerage fees are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained.  Entering into a contract to buy is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position.  Entering into a contract to sell is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position.


Unlike when the Portfolio purchases or sells a security, no price would be paid or received by the Portfolio upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract.  Upon entering into a futures contract, and to maintain the Portfolio's open positions in futures contracts, the Portfolio would be required to deposit with its custodian or futures broker in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash, U.S. government securities, suitable money market instruments, or other liquid securities, known as "initial margin."  The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded, and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract.  Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margins that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded.


If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in underlying instrument or index in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin.  However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract so that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to the Portfolio.  


These subsequent payments, called "variation margin," to and from the futures broker, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets fluctuate making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as "marking to the market."  The Portfolio expects to earn interest income on its margin deposits.


Although certain futures contracts, by their terms, require actual future delivery of and payment for the underlying instruments, in practice most futures contracts are usually closed out before the delivery date.  Closing out an open futures contract purchase or sale is effected by entering into an offsetting futures contract sale or purchase, respectively, for the same aggregate amount of the identical underlying instrument or index and the same delivery date.  If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is more, the Portfolio realizes a loss.  Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Portfolio realizes a gain; if it is less, the Portfolio realizes a loss.  The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations.  There can be no assurance, however, that the Portfolio will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time.  If the Portfolio is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the Portfolio will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract.


For example, one contract in the Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index future is a contract to buy 25 pounds sterling multiplied by the level of the UK Financial Times 100 Share Index on a given future date. Settlement of a stock index futures contract may or may not be in the underlying instrument or index.  If not in the underlying instrument or index, then settlement will be made in cash, equivalent over time to the difference between the contract price and the actual price of the underlying asset at the time the stock index futures contract expires.


Regulation as a Commodity Pool Operator


The Trust, on behalf of the Portfolio, has filed with the National Futures Association, a notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, and the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission promulgated thereunder, with respect to the Portfolio's operations.  Accordingly, the Portfolio is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator.


When-Issued, Forward Commitments and Delayed Settlements


The Portfolio may purchase and sell securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis.  In this event, the Custodian (as defined under the section entitled “Custodian”) will segregate liquid assets equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account.  Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy a purchase commitment.  In such a case, the Portfolio may be required subsequently to segregate additional assets in order to assure that the value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Portfolio’s commitment.  It may be expected that the Portfolio's net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash.


The Portfolio does not intend to engage in these transactions for speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives.  Because the Portfolio will segregate liquid assets to satisfy its purchase commitments in the manner described, the Portfolio’s liquidity and the ability of the Portfolio's Adviser to manage them may be affected in the event the Portfolio’s forward commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.  


The Portfolio will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, the Portfolio may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into, and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Portfolio on the settlement date. In these cases the Portfolio may realize a taxable capital gain or loss.  When the Portfolio engages in when-issued, forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade.  Failure of such party to do so may result in the Portfolio incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to be advantageous.


The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase, forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when determining the market value of the Portfolio starting on the day the Portfolio agrees to purchase the securities.  The Portfolio does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until it has paid for and delivered on the settlement date.


Illiquid and Restricted Securities


The Portfolio may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. If illiquid investments ever exceed 15% of the Portfolio’s net assets, the Fund will reduce illiquid investments back down to 15% or less.  Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale (e.g., because they have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act")) and securities that are otherwise not readily marketable (e.g., because trading in the security is suspended or because market makers do not exist or will not entertain bids or offers).  Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Foreign securities that are freely tradable in their principal markets are not considered to be illiquid.


Restricted and other illiquid securities may be subject to the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation.  The Portfolio might be unable to dispose of illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty in satisfying redemption requests from shareholders.  The Portfolio might have to register restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay.  Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.


A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including foreign securities.  The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments.  Rule 144A under the Securities Act allows such a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restrictions on resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a "safe harbor" from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resale of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers.  Rule 144A has produced enhanced liquidity for many restricted securities, and market liquidity for such securities may continue to expand as a result of this regulation and the consequent existence of the PORTAL system, which is an automated system for the trading, clearance and settlement of unregistered securities of domestic and foreign issuers sponsored by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.


Under guidelines adopted by the Trust's Board, the Adviser of the Portfolio may determine that particular Rule 144A securities, and commercial paper issued in reliance on the private placement exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, are liquid even though they are not registered.  A determination of whether such a security is liquid or not is a question of fact. In making this determination, the Adviser will consider, as it deems appropriate under the circumstances and among other factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security; (3) the number of other potential purchasers of the security; (4) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; (5) the nature of the security (e.g., debt or equity, date of maturity, terms of dividend or interest payments, and other material terms) and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer); and (6) the rating of the security and the financial condition and prospects of the issuer.  In the case of commercial paper, the Adviser will also determine that the paper (1) is not traded flat or in default as to principal and interest, and (2) is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least two National Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”) or, if only one NRSRO rates the security, by that NRSRO, or, if the security is unrated, the Adviser determines that it is of equivalent quality.  


Rule 144A securities and Section 4(2) commercial paper that have been deemed liquid as described above will continue to be monitored by the Adviser to determine if the security is no longer liquid as the result of changed conditions. Investing in Rule 144A securities or Section 4(2) commercial paper could have the effect of increasing the amount of the Portfolio's assets invested in illiquid securities if institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase such securities.


Lending Portfolio Securities


For the purpose of achieving income, the Portfolio may lend its portfolio securities, provided (1) the loan is secured continuously by collateral consisting of U.S. Government securities or cash or cash equivalents (cash, U.S. Government securities, negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to-market basis in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned, (2) the Portfolio may at any time call the loan and obtain the return of securities loaned, (3) the Portfolio will receive any interest or dividends received on the loaned securities, and (4) the aggregate value of the securities loaned will not at any time exceed one-third of the total assets of the Portfolio.


Short Sales


The Portfolio may sell securities short involving the use of derivative instruments and to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities.  A short sale is a transaction in which the Portfolio sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire (or that it owns but does not wish to deliver) in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.


When the Portfolio makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security.  The Portfolio is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the Portfolio may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities.


If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Portfolio covers its short position, the Portfolio will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Portfolio will realize a capital gain.  Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above.  The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.


To the extent the Portfolio sells securities short, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales "against the box") will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities with its custodian in a segregated account in an amount at least equal to the difference between the current market value of the securities sold short and any amounts required to be deposited as collateral with the selling broker (not including the proceeds of the short sale).  The Portfolio does not intend to enter into short sales (other than short sales "against the box") if immediately after such sales the aggregate of the value of all collateral plus the amount in such segregated account exceeds 10% of the value of the Portfolio's net assets.  This percentage may be varied by action of the Board of Trustees. A short sale is "against the box" to the extent the Portfolio contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short.


Swap Agreements


The Portfolio may enter into interest rate, index and currency exchange rate swap agreements in an attempt to obtain a particular desired return at a lower cost to the Portfolio than if it had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return.  Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year.  In a standard "swap" transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of returns) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments.  The gross returns to be exchanged or "swapped" between the parties are calculated with respect to a "notional amount," i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a "basket" of securities representing a particular index.  The "notional amount" of the swap agreement is only a fictive basis on which to calculate the obligations the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange.  The Portfolio's obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the "net amount").  The Portfolio's obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Portfolio) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by the maintenance of a segregated account consisting of cash, U.S. government securities, or other liquid securities, to avoid leveraging of the Portfolio's portfolio.


Whether the Portfolio's use of swap agreements enhance the Portfolio's total return will depend on the Adviser's ability correctly to predict whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments.  Because they are two-party contracts and may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid.  Moreover, the Portfolio bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty.  The Adviser will cause the Portfolio to enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that would be eligible for consideration as repurchase agreement counterparties under the Portfolio's repurchase agreement guidelines.  The swap market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated.  It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Portfolio's ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.


Certain swap agreements are exempt from most provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act ("CEA") and, therefore, are not regulated as futures or commodity option transactions under the CEA, pursuant to regulations of the CFTC.  To qualify for this exemption, a swap agreement must be entered into by "eligible participants," which include the following, provided the participants' total assets exceed established levels: a bank or trust company, savings association or credit union, insurance company, investment company subject to regulation under the 1940 Act, commodity pool, corporation, partnership, proprietorship, organization, trust or other entity, employee benefit plan, governmental entity, broker-dealer, futures commission merchant, natural person, or regulated foreign person.  To be eligible, natural persons and most other entities must have total assets exceeding $10 million; commodity pools and employees benefit plans must have assets exceeding $5 million.  In addition, an eligible swap transaction must meet three conditions. First, the swap agreement may not be part of a fungible class of agreements that are standardized as to their material economic terms. Second, the creditworthiness of parties with actual or potential obligations under the swap agreement must be a material consideration in entering into or determining the terms of the swap agreement, including pricing, cost or credit enhancement terms.  Third, swap agreements may not be entered into and traded on or through a multilateral transaction execution facility.


Certain Investment Techniques and Derivatives Risk


When the Adviser uses investment techniques such as margin, leverage and short sales, and forms of financial derivatives, such as options and futures, an investment in the Portfolio may be more volatile than investments in other mutual funds.  Although the intention is to use such investment techniques and derivatives to minimize risk to the Portfolio, as well as for speculative purposes, there is the possibility that improper implementation of such techniques and derivative strategies or unusual market conditions could result in significant losses to the Portfolio.  Derivatives are used to limit risk in the Portfolio or to enhance investment return and have a return tied to a formula based upon an interest rate, index, price of a security, or other measurement.  Derivatives involve special risks, including: (1) the risk that interest rates, securities prices and currency markets will not move in the direction that the Adviser anticipates; (2) imperfect correlation between the price of derivative instruments and movements in the prices of the securities, interest rates or currencies being hedged; (3) the fact that skills needed to use these strategies are different than those needed to select portfolio securities; (4) the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument and possible exchange imposed price fluctuation limits, either of which may make it difficult or impossible to close out a position when desired; (5) the risk that adverse price movements in an instrument can result in a loss substantially greater than the Portfolio’s initial investment in that instrument (in some cases, the potential loss in unlimited); (6) particularly in the case of privately-negotiated instruments, the risk that the counterparty will not perform its obligations, or that penalties could be incurred for positions held less then the required minimum holding period, which could leave the Portfolio worse off than if it had not entered into the position; and (7) the inability to close out certain hedged positions to avoid adverse tax consequences.  In addition, the use of derivatives for non-hedging purposes (that is, to seek to increase total return) is considered a speculative practice and may present an even greater risk of loss than when used for hedging purposes.


Temporary Defensive Positions


To respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Portfolio may invest 100% of its total assets, without limitation, in high-quality short-term debt securities and money market instruments.  The Portfolio may be invested in these instruments for extended periods, depending on the Adviser's assessment of market conditions.  These short-term debt securities and money market instruments include shares of other mutual funds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, U.S. Government securities and repurchase agreements.  While the Portfolio is in a defensive position, the opportunity to achieve its investment objective will be limited.  Furthermore, to the extent that the Portfolio invests in money market mutual funds for its cash position, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Portfolio would bear its pro- rata portion of such money market funds’ advisory fees and operational fees.  The Portfolio may also invest a substantial portion of its assets in such instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with its policies.  


INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS



The Portfolio has adopted the following investment restrictions that may not be changed without approval by a “majority of the outstanding shares” of the Portfolio which, as used in this SAI, means the vote of the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the shares of the Portfolio represented at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio.


1.

Borrowing Money.  The Portfolio will not borrow money, except: (a) from a bank, provided that immediately after such borrowing there is an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings of the Portfolio; or (b) from a bank or other persons for temporary purposes only, provided that such temporary borrowings are in an amount not exceeding 5% of the Portfolio’s total assets at the time when the borrowing is made.


2.

Senior Securities.  The portfolio will not issue senior securities.  This limitation is not applicable to activities that may be deemed to involve the issuance or sale of a senior security by the Portfolio, provided that the Portfolio’s engagement in such activities is consistent with or permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or interpretations of the SEC or its staff.


3.

Underwriting.  The Portfolio will not act as underwriter of securities issued by other persons.  This limitation is not applicable to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities (including restricted securities), the Portfolio may be deemed an underwriter under certain federal securities laws.


4.

Real Estate.  The Portfolio will not purchase or sell real estate.  This limitation is not applicable to investments in marketable securities that are secured by or represent interests in real estate.  This limitation does not preclude the Portfolio from investing in mortgage-related securities or investing in companies engaged in the real estate business or that have a significant portion of their assets in real estate (including real estate investment trusts).


5.

Commodities.  The Portfolio will not purchase or sell commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other investments.  This limitation does not preclude the Portfolio from purchasing or selling options or futures contracts, from investing in securities or other instruments backed by commodities or from investing in companies, which are engaged in a commodities business or have a significant portion of their assets in commodities.


6.

Loans.  The Portfolio will not make loans to other persons, except: (a) by loaning portfolio securities; (b) by engaging in repurchase agreements; or (c) by purchasing nonpublicly offered debt securities.  For purposes of this limitation, the term “loans” shall not include the purchase of a portion of an issue of publicly distributed bonds, debentures or other securities.


7.

Concentration.  The Portfolio will not invest 25% or more of its total assets in a particular industry or group of industries.  The Portfolio will not invest 25% or more of its total assets in any investment company that so concentrates.  This limitation is not applicable to investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities or repurchase agreements with respect thereto.


THE FOLLOWING ARE ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS OF THE PORTFOLIO. THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS NON-FUNDAMENTAL AND MAY BE CHANGED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE TRUST WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF SHAREHOLDERS.


1.

Pledging.  The Portfolio will not mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or in any manner transfer, as security for indebtedness, any assets of the Portfolio except as may be necessary in connection with borrowings described in limitation (1) above.  Margin deposits, security interests, liens and collateral arrangements with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted investments and techniques are not deemed to be a mortgage, pledge or hypothecation of assets for purposes of this limitation.


2.

Borrowing.  The Portfolio will not purchase any security while borrowings representing more than one third of its total assets are outstanding.


3.

Margin Purchases.  The Portfolio will not purchase securities or evidences of interest thereon on “margin.” This limitation is not applicable to short-term credit obtained by the Portfolio for the clearance of purchases and sales or redemption of securities, or to arrangements with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted investment techniques.


4.

Illiquid Investments.  The Portfolio will not invest 15% or more of its net assets in securities for which there are legal or contractual restrictions on resale and other illiquid securities.   If, through a change in values, net assets or other circumstances, the Portfolio were in a position where more than 15% of its net assets was invested in illiquid securities, it would seek to take appropriate steps to protect liquidity.


If a restriction on the Portfolio’s investments is adhered to at the time an investment is made, a subsequent change in the percentage of the Portfolio's assets invested in certain securities or other instruments, or change in average duration of the Portfolio’s investment portfolio, resulting from changes in the value of the Portfolio’s total assets, will not be considered a violation of the restriction; provided, however, that the asset coverage requirement applicable to borrowings shall be maintained in the manner contemplated by applicable law.


POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS


The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that govern the disclosure of the Portfolio's portfolio holdings.  These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that such disclosure is in the best interests of the Portfolio's shareholders.


The Portfolio will disclose its portfolio holdings by mailing its annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders approximately two months after the end of the fiscal year and semi-annual period.  In addition, the Portfolio will disclose its portfolio holdings reports on Forms N-CSR and Form N-Q approximately two months after the end of each quarter/semi-annual period.  


The Portfolio may choose to make available to rating agencies such as Lipper, Morningstar or Bloomberg, no sooner than two months after the end of each quarter/semi-annual period, a complete schedule of the Portfolio’s investment portfolio holdings as of the last day of the quarter/semi-annual period.


Under limited circumstances, as described below, the Portfolio’s holdings may be disclosed to, or known by, certain third parties in advance of their filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form N-CSR or Form N-Q.  In each case, a determination has been made that such advance disclosure is supported by a legitimate business purpose and that the recipient is subject to a duty to keep the information confidential.  

·

The Adviser.  Personnel of the Adviser, including personnel responsible for managing the Portfolio's investment portfolio, may have full daily access to the Portfolio's investment holdings since that information is necessary in order for the Adviser to provide its management, administrative, and investment services to the Portfolio.  As required for purposes of analyzing the impact of existing and future market changes on the prices, availability, demand and liquidity of such securities, as well as for the assistance of portfolio managers in the trading of such securities, the Adviser's personnel may also release and discuss certain portfolio holdings with various broker-dealers.

·

Gemini Fund Services, LLC is the transfer agent, fund accountant and administrator for the Portfolio; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Portfolio's holdings since that information is necessary in order for it to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.

·

Citigroup Fund Services is the custodian for the Portfolio; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Portfolio's holdings since that information is necessary in order for it to provide the agreed-upon services for the Portfolio.

·

Briggs, Bunting & Dougherty, LLP is the Portfolio's registered independent public accounting firm; therefore, its personnel have access to the Portfolio's holdings in connection with auditing of the Portfolio's annual financial statements and providing assistance and consultation in connection with SEC filings.

·

Thompson Hine LLP is counsel to the Portfolios; therefore, its personnel have access to the Portfolio's holdings in connection with the review of the Portfolio's annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and SEC filings.

Additions to List of Approved Recipients.  Other than disclosures to the entities listed above, there are no ongoing arrangements in place with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings.  The Portfolio's Chief Compliance Officer is the person responsible, and whose prior approval is required, for any disclosure of the Portfolio's portfolio securities to persons other than those listed before the Portfolio files its portfolio holdings with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form N-CSR or Form N-Q.  In such cases, the recipient must have a legitimate business need for the information and must be subject to a duty to keep the information confidential. In no event shall the Portfolio, the Adviser, or any other party receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about the Portfolio’s portfolio holdings.


Compliance With Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Procedures.  The Portfolio's Chief Compliance Officer will report periodically to the Board with respect to compliance with the Portfolio's portfolio holdings disclosure procedures, and from time to time will provide the Board any updates to the portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.


There is no assurance that the Trust’s policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings will protect the Portfolio from the potential misuse of holdings information by individuals or firms in possession of that information.





MANAGEMENT


 

The business of the Trust is managed under the direction of the Board in accordance with the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Trust’s By-laws (the “Governing Documents”), which have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Board consists of four (4) individuals, three (3) of whom are not “interested persons” (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Trust or the Adviser (“Independent Trustees”). Pursuant to the Governing Documents of the Trust, the Trustees shall elect officers including a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Principal Executive Officer and a Principal Accounting Officer. The Board retains the power to conduct, operate and carry on the business of the Trust and has the power to incur and pay any expenses, which, in the opinion of the Board, are necessary or incidental to carry out any of the Trust’s purposes. The Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust, when acting in such capacities, shall not be subject to any personal liability except for his or her own bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties. Following is a list of the Trustees and executive officers of the Trust and their principal occupation over the last five years. Unless otherwise noted, the address of each Trustee and Officer is 4020 South 147th Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68137.


Independent Trustees

Name, Address and Age

Position/

Term of Office*

Principal Occupation

During the Past Five Years

Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex**

 Overseen by Trustee

Other Directorships held by Trustee

L. Merill Bryan***

Age: 63

Trustee

Since 2005

Retired.  Formerly, Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer of Union Pacific Corporation

30

AdvisorOne Funds (5 portfolios)

Anthony J. Hertl

Age: 58

Trustee

Since 2005

Consultant to small and emerging businesses since 2000; Retired in 2000 as Vice President of Finance and Administration of Marymount College, Tarrytown, New York where he served in this capacity for four years. Prior thereto, he spent thirteen years at Prudential Securities in various management capacities including Chief Financial Officer – Specialty Finance Group, Director of Global Taxation and Capital Markets Controller. Mr. Hertl is also a Certified Public Accountant.

30

AdvisorOne Funds (5 portfolios); Satuit Capital Management Trust; The Z-Seven Fund, Inc. and Greenwich Advisors Trust

Independent Trustees, Continued:

Name, Address and Age

Position/

Term of Office*

Principal Occupation

During the Past Five Years

Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex **

Overseen by Trustee

Other Directorships held by Trustee

Mark Taylor

Age 44

Trustee Since November 2007

Professor (John P. Begley Endowed Chair in Accounting), Creighton University since 2002

30

One portfolio –The Lifetime Achievement Mutual Fund (Audit Committee Chairman)




Interested Trustees and Officers


Name, Address and Age

Position/

Term of Office*

Principal Occupation

During the Past Five Years

Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex **

Overseen by Trustee

Other Directorships held by Trustee

Michael Miola****

Age: 55

Trustee

Since 2005

Chief Executive Officer and Manager of Gemini Fund Services, LLC; Co-Owner and Co-Managing Member of NorthStar Financial Services Group, LLC; Manager of Orion Advisor Services, LLC, CLS Investment Firm, LLC, GemCom, LLC and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC; Director of Constellation Trust Company.

30

AdvisorOne Funds (5 portfolios); Constellation Trust Co.

Andrew Rogers

450 Wireless Blvd.

Hauppauge, NY  11788

Age: 38

President

Since June 2006

President and Manager, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 3/2006), formerly Senior Vice President and Director of Administration (2001 - 2005); Manager, Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (since 3/2006); Manager (since 3/2006) and President (since 2004), GemCom LLC.




N/A

N/A

Interested Trustee/Officers, Continued

Name, Address and Age

Position/

Term of Office*

Principal Occupation

During the Past Five Years

Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex **

Overseen by Trustee

Other Directorships held by Trustee

Emile R. Molineaux

450 Wireless Blvd.

Hauppauge, NY  11788

Age: 45

Secretary

Since 2005

General Counsel, CCO and Senior Vice President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC; Secretary and CCO, Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC;  (2003 – Present); In-house Counsel, The Dreyfus Funds (1999 – 2003)

N/A

N/A

Kevin E. Wolf

450 Wireless Blvd.

Hauppauge, NY  11788

Age: 38

Treasurer

Since June 2006

Director of Fund Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2006 – Present); Vice President, Fund Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2004 - 2006); Vice-President, GemCom, LLC (2004 - Present); Senior Fund Administrator, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2001-2004).

N/A

N/A

Lynn Bowley

4020 So. 147th Street

Omaha, NE  68137

Age: 49

Chief Compliance Officer

Since June 2007

Compliance Officer of Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (01/07 – present); Vice President of Investment Support Services for Mutual of Omaha Companies (2002 – 2006); First Vice President of Variable L&A Product Accounting and Reporting for Mutual of Omaha Companies (1998 - 2002).

N/A

N/A


* The term of office of each Trustee and Officer listed above will continue indefinitely.

**The term “Fund Complex” refers to the Northern Lights Fund Trust and the Northern Lights Variable Trust.

***From December 2006 through April 2007, L. Merill Bryan, a non-interested Trustee of the Trust, invested $143,080 in a limited liability company (“LLC”).  This investment is required to be disclosed because one of the other members of the LLC is an interested Trustee.  As of May 2007, Mr. Bryan was no longer a member of the LLC.

****Michael Miola is an "interested person" of the Trust as that term is defined under the 1940 Act, because of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC (the Trust’s Administrator, Fund Accountant, Transfer Agent) and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (the Trust's compliance service provider).





Board Committees


Audit Committee


The Board has an Audit Committee that consists of all the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust within the meaning of the 1940 Act. The Audit Committee’s responsibilities include: (i) recommending to the Board the selection, retention or termination of the Trust’s independent auditors; (ii) reviewing with the independent auditors the scope, performance and anticipated cost of their audit; (iii) discussing with the independent auditors certain matters relating to the Trust’s financial statements, including any adjustment to such financial statements recommended by such independent auditors, or any other results of any audit; (iv) reviewing on a periodic basis a formal written statement from the independent auditors with respect to their independence, discussing with the independent auditors any relationships or services disclosed in the statement that may impact the objectivity and independence of the Trust’s independent auditors and recommending that the Board take appropriate action in response thereto to satisfy itself of the auditor’s independence; and (v) considering the comments of the independent auditors and management’s responses thereto with respect to the quality and adequacy of the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and internal controls.  The Audit committee operates pursuant to an Audit Committee Charter and will meet at least once annually.


Nominating Committee


The Board has a Nominating Committee that consists of all the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust within the meaning of the 1940 Act. The Nominating Committee is responsible for seeking and reviewing nominee candidates for consideration as Independent Trustees as is from time to time considered necessary or appropriate. The Nominating Committee generally will not consider shareholder nominees.

Compensation


Each Trustee who is not affiliated with the Trust or Adviser will receive a quarterly meeting fee of $2,500 per portfolio if meetings are attended in person or via teleconference, as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred attending or participating in the meetings. The “interested persons” who serve as Trustees of the Trust receive no compensation for their services as Trustees. None of the executive officers receive compensation from the Trust.


The table below details the amount of compensation the Trustees received from the Trust during the December 31, 2007 fiscal period.  At a meeting of the Board of Trustees held on November 15, 2007, Mr. Taylor was appointed to serve as an Independent Trustee of the Trust.  The remaining Trustees have attended all quarterly meetings. The Trust does not have a bonus, profit sharing, pension or retirement plan.

 


Name and Position

Aggregate Compensation From Trust **

Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses

Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement

Total Compensation From Trust and Fund Complex*** Paid to Directors

L. Merill Bryan

$2,100

None

None

$10,200

Anthony J. Hertl

$2,100

None

None

$10,200

Gary Lanzen

$2,100

None

None

$10,200

Mark Taylor

$   600

None

None

$  3,300

Michael Miola*

None

None

None

None

_______________

*This Trustee is deemed to be an ‘interested person’ as defined in the 1940 Act as a result of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC (the Trust’s Administrator, Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant), and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (the Trust’s compliance service provider).  

**There are currently multiple series comprising the Trust.  Trustees’ fees allocated to each Fund were approximately $600 per Trustee per year.

***The term “Fund Complex” refers to the Northern Lights Fund Trust and the Northern Lights Variable Trust.


Trustee Ownership


The following table indicates the dollar range of equity securities that each Trustee beneficially owned in the Portfolio as of the date of this SAI.


Name of Trustee

Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Portfolio

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies

L. Merill Bryan

None

None

Anthony J. Hertl

None

None

Gary Lanzen

None

None

Michael Miola*

None

None

Mark Taylor

None

None


* This Trustee is deemed to be an ‘interested person’ as defined in the 1940 Act as a result of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC (the Trust’s Administrator, Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant) and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (the Trust’s compliance service provider).


CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS


  

A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledged the existence of control. As of the date of this SAI, the Portfolio could be deemed to be under control of the Adviser, which had voting authority with respect to approximately 100% of the value of the outstanding interests in the Portfolio on such date.  As a result, the Adviser could have the ability to approve or reject those matters submitted to the shareholders of each Portfolio for their approval, including the election of Trustees, approval of an investment advisory agreement and adoption of a distribution plan under Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act . However, it is expected that once the Portfolio commences investment operations and as shares are sold, the Adviser's control will be diluted until such time as the Portfolio is controlled by its shareholders.  


INVESTMENT ADVISER



Investment Adviser and Advisory Agreement


The Adviser of the Portfolio is HS Dent Investment Management, LLC (the “Adviser”), located at 15310 Amberly Drive, Suite 165, Tampa, Florida.  Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, on behalf of the Portfolio (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Adviser, subject to the supervision of the Board of the Trust, and in conformity with the stated policies of the Portfolio, manages the operations of the Portfolio.  Harry S. Dent and Rodney Johnson are the controlling shareholders of the Adviser.  


Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser, under the supervision of the Board, agrees to invest the assets of the Portfolio in accordance with applicable law and the investment objective, policies and restrictions set forth in the Portfolio’s current Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, and subject to such further limitations as the Trust may from time to time impose by written notice to the Adviser. The Adviser shall act as the investment advisor to the Portfolio and, as such shall (i) obtain and evaluate such information relating to the economy, industries, business, securities markets and securities as it may deem necessary or useful in discharging its responsibilities here under, (ii) formulate a continuing program for the investment of the assets of the Portfolio in a manner consistent with its investment objective, policies and restrictions, and (iii) determine from time to time securities to be purchased, sold, retained or lent by the Portfolio, and implement those decisions, including the selection of entities with or through which such purchases, sales or loans are to be effected; provided, that the Adviser will place orders pursuant to its investment determinations either directly with the issuer or with a broker or dealer, and if with a broker or dealer, (a) will attempt to obtain the best price and execution of its orders, and (b) may nevertheless in its discretion purchase and sell portfolio securities from and  to brokers who provide the Adviser with research, analysis, advice and similar services and pay such brokers in return a higher commission or spread than may be charged by other brokers.  The Adviser also provides the Portfolio with all necessary office facilities and personnel for servicing the Portfolio’s investments compensates all officers, Trustees and employees of the Trust who are officers, directors or employees of the Adviser, and all personnel of the Portfolio or the Adviser performing services relating to research, statistical and investment activities.


In addition, the Adviser, subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, provides the management and administrative services necessary for the operation of the Portfolio.  These services include providing facilities for maintaining the Trust’s organization; supervising relations with custodians, transfer and pricing agents, accountants, underwriters and other persons dealing with the Portfolio; preparing all general shareholder communications and conducting shareholder relations; maintaining the Portfolio’s records and the registration of the Portfolio’s shares under federal securities laws and making necessary filings under state securities laws; developing management and shareholder services for the Portfolio; and furnishing reports, evaluations and analyses on a variety of subjects to the Trustees.  


The following table sets forth the annual management fee rate payable by the Portfolio to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, expressed as a percentage of the Portfolio’s average daily net assets, computed daily and payable monthly:


PORTFOLIO

TOTAL
MANAGEMENT FEE

Dent Strategic Portfolio

0.85%


Expenses not expressly assumed by the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement are paid by the Trust.  Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Trust is responsible for the payment of the following expenses among others: (a) the fees payable to the Adviser, (b) the fees and expenses of Trustees who are not affiliated persons of the Adviser (c) the fees and certain expenses of the Custodian (as defined under the section entitled “Custodian”) and Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent (as defined under the section entitled “Transfer Agent”), including the cost of maintaining certain required records of the Trust and of pricing the Trust’s shares, (d) the charges and expenses of legal counsel and independent accountants for the Trust, (e) brokerage commissions and any issue or transfer taxes chargeable to the Trust in connection with its securities transactions, (f) all taxes and corporate fees payable by the Trust to governmental agencies, (g) the fees of any trade association of which the Trust may be a member, (h) the cost of share certificates representing shares of the Trust, (i) the cost of fidelity and liability insurance, (j) the fees and expenses involved in registering and maintaining registration of the Trust and of its shares with the SEC, qualifying its shares under state securities laws, including the preparation and printing of the Trust’s registration statements and prospectuses for such purposes, (k) all expenses of shareholders and Trustees’ meetings (including travel expenses of trustees and officers of the Trust who are directors, officers or employees of the Adviser) and of preparing, printing and mailing reports, proxy statements and prospectuses to shareholders in the amount necessary for distribution to the shareholders and (l) litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Trust’s business.


The fee is computed daily and payable monthly. The Adviser is contractually limiting total annual operating expenses, including advisory fees, of the Portfolio through April 30, 2009 (including the Advisory fee, exclusive of any front-end or contingent deferred loads, taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, dividend expense on securities sold short, expenses of investing in Portfolios, or extraordinary expenses such as litigation) to the following amounts:


PORTFOLIO

EXPENSE LIMITATION

Dent Strategic Portfolio

1.50%


The Advisory Agreement will continue in effect for two (2) years initially and thereafter shall continue from year to year provided such continuance is approved at least annually by (a) a vote of the majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting specifically called for the purpose of voting on such approval and by (b) the majority vote of either all of the Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio.  The Advisory Agreement may be terminated without penalty on 60 days’ written notice by a vote of a majority of the Trustees or by the Adviser, or by holders of a majority of that Trust’s outstanding shares.  The Advisory Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.  



Codes of Ethics


The Trust and the Adviser each have adopted codes of ethics under Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that governs the personal securities transactions of their board members, officers and employees who may have access to current trading information of the Trust. Under the code of ethics, the Trustees are permitted to invest in securities that may also be purchased by the Portfolio.


In addition, the Trust has adopted a code of ethics, which applies only to the Trust’s executive officers to ensure that these officers promote professional conduct in the practice of corporate governance and management.  The purpose behind these guidelines is to promote i) honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; ii) full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that a registrant files with, or submits to, the Securities and Exchange Commission and in other public communications made by the Portfolio; iii) compliance with applicable governmental laws, rule and regulations; iv) the prompt internal reporting of violations of this Code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the Code; and v) accountability for adherence to the Code.


Proxy Voting Policies


The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Policies”) on behalf of the Trust, which delegate the responsibility for voting proxies to the Adviser, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight.  The Policies require that the Adviser vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Portfolio and its shareholders.  The Policies also require the Adviser to present to the Board, at least annually, the Adviser’s Proxy Policies and a record of each proxy voted by the Adviser on behalf of the Portfolios, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Adviser as involving a conflict of interest.


A copy of the Adviser's proxy voting policies is attached hereto as Appendix B.


More information. Information regarding how the Portfolio voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling the Portfolio at 1-813-514-6764 and (2) on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov and will be sent within three business days of receipt of a request.


DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES PLAN



Pursuant to a Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Plan”) approved on [date] by the Board of Trustees, the Portfolio is authorized to pay the participating insurance company and other intermediaries, compensation for distribution and shareholder services.  The Plan permits the Portfolio to pay compensation for account maintenance, shareholder services, distribution, sales and promotional activities at the annual rate of up to 0.50% of the average net assets of the Portfolio.  Such fees are to be paid by the Portfolio monthly, or at such other intervals as the Board shall determine.  Such fees shall be based upon the Portfolio’s average daily net assets during the preceding month, and shall be calculated and accrued daily.  The participating insurance company and other intermediaries shall use such fee, among other things, to pay interest and principal where such payments have been financed.


The Trust is required to provide a written report, at least quarterly to the Board of Trustees of the Trust, specifying in reasonable detail the amounts expended pursuant to the Plan and the purposes for which such expenditures were made.


The initial term of the Plan is one year and it will continue in effect from year to year thereafter, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust and a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust and do not have a direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan (“Rule 12b-1 Trustees”) by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.  The Plan may be terminated at any time by the Trust or a Portfolio by vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of that Portfolio. The Plan will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).


The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount paid by the Portfolio, unless such amendment is approved by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio (as defined in the 1940 Act).  All material amendments must be approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust and a majority of the Rule 12b- 1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.  During the term of the Plan, the selection and nomination of non-interested Trustees of the Trust will be committed to the discretion of current non-interested Trustees.  The Trust will preserve copies of the Plan, any related agreements, and all reports, for a period of not less than six years from the date of such document and for at least the first two years in an easily accessible place.


Any agreement related to the  Plan will be in writing and provide that: (a) it may be terminated by the Trust or the Portfolio at any time upon sixty days’ written notice, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the respective Rule 12b-1 Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust or the Portfolio; (b) it will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act); and (c) it will continue in effect for a period of more than one year from the date of its execution or adoption only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board and a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such agreement.

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS



Mr. Harry S. Dent, Jr. and Mr. Rodney G. Johnson are the portfolio managers of the Portfolio, and are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Portfolio.  As of December 31, 2007, they were responsible for the management of the following types of accounts:


Account Type

Number of Accounts by Account Type

Total Assets By Account Type

Number of Accounts by Type  Subject to a Performance Fee

Total Assets By Account Type Subject to a Performance Fee

Harry S. Dent, Jr.

    

Registered Investment Cos.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Other Pooled Investment Vehicles

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Other Accounts

94

97,425,000

N/A

N/A

Account Type

Number of Accounts by Account Type

Total Assets By Account Type

Number of Accounts by Type  Subject to a Performance Fee

Total Assets By Account Type Subject to a Performance Fee

Rodney G. Johnson

    

Registered Investment Cos.

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Other Pooled Investment Vehicles

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Other Accounts

94

97,425,000

N/A

N/A

Conflicts of Interest


The Adviser has not identified any material conflicts between the Portfolio and other accounts managed by the Adviser and portfolio managers.  However, actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the day-to-day management of the Portfolio and other accounts because the portfolio managers manage other accounts. The management of the Portfolio and other accounts may result in unequal time and attention being devoted to the Portfolio and other accounts. Another potential conflict of interest may arise where another account has the same investment objective as the Portfolio, whereby the portfolio managers could favor one account over another. Further, a potential conflict could include the portfolio managers' knowledge about the size, timing and possible market impact of Portfolio trades, whereby they could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of the Portfolio. These potential conflicts of interest could create the appearance that the portfolio managers are favoring one investment vehicle over another.

Compensation.


Mr. Dent and Mr. Johnson each is paid a salary.  In addition, both are equity owners of the Adviser and therefore are able to receive distributions based on the Adviser's profitability.

Ownership of Securities.

Since the Portfolio is newly organized, the portfolio managers do not own shares of the Portfolio as of the date of this SAI.

ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE


  

Specific decisions to purchase or sell securities for the Portfolio are made by the portfolio managers who are employed by the Adviser.  The Adviser is authorized by the Trustees to allocate the orders placed by it on behalf of the Portfolio to brokers or dealers who may, but need not, provide research or statistical material or other services to the Portfolio or the Adviser for the Portfolio’s use.  Such allocation is to be in such amounts and proportions as the Adviser may determine.


In selecting a broker or dealer to execute each particular transaction, the Adviser will take the following into consideration:

·

the best net price available;

·

the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker or dealer;

·

the size of and difficulty in executing the order; and

·

the value of the expected contribution of the broker or dealer to the  investment performance of the Portfolio on a continuing basis.

 

Brokers or dealers executing a portfolio transaction on behalf of the Portfolio may receive a commission in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for executing the transaction if the Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage, research and other services provided to the Portfolio. In allocating portfolio brokerage, the Adviser may select brokers or dealers who also provide brokerage, research and other services to other accounts over which the Adviser exercises investment discretion. Some of the services received as the result of Portfolio transactions may primarily benefit accounts other than the Portfolio’s, while services received as the result of portfolio transactions effected on behalf of those other accounts may primarily benefit the Portfolio.


PORTFOLIO TURNOVER


  

The Portfolio’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Portfolio during the fiscal year. The calculation excludes from both the numerator and the denominator securities with maturities at the time of acquisition of one year or less. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by the Portfolio. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all of the Portfolio’s portfolio securities were replaced once within a one-year period.


OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS


  

Administration


The Administrator for the Portfolio is Gemini Fund Services, LLC, (“GFS” or the “Administrator”), which has its principal office at 450 Wireless Boulevard, Hauppauge, New York 11788, and is primarily in the business of providing administrative, fund accounting and transfer agent services to retail and institutional mutual funds.


Pursuant to an Administration Service Agreement with the Portfolio, the Administrator provides administrative services to the Portfolio, subject to the supervision of the Board.  The Administrator may provide persons to serve as officers of the Portfolio.  Such officers may be directors, officers or employees of the Administrator or its affiliates.


The Administration Service Agreement was initially approved by the Board at a meeting held on November 15, 2007.  The Agreement shall remain in effect for three years from the date of its initial approval, and subject to annual approval of the Board for one-year periods thereafter.  The Administration Service Agreement is terminable by the Board or the Administrator on ninety days’ written notice and may be assigned provided the non-assigning party provides prior written consent.  This Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Administrator or reckless disregard of its obligations thereunder, the Administrator shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.


Under the Administration Service Agreement, the Administrator provides facilitating administrative services, including:  (i) providing services of persons competent to perform such administrative and clerical functions as are necessary to provide effective administration of the Portfolio; (ii) facilitating the performance of administrative and professional services to the Portfolio by others, including the Portfolio's Custodian; (iii) preparing, but not paying for, the periodic updating of the Portfolio's Registration Statement, Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information in conjunction with Trust counsel, including the printing of such documents for the purpose of filings with the SEC and state securities administrators, and preparing reports to the Portfolio's shareholders and the SEC; (iv) preparing in conjunction with Trust counsel, but not paying for, all filings under the securities or “Blue Sky” laws of such states or countries as are designated by the Adviser, which may be required to register or qualify, or continue the registration or qualification, of the Portfolio and/or its shares under such laws; (v) preparing notices and agendas for meetings of the Board and minutes of such meetings in all matters required by the 1940 Act to be acted upon by the Board; and (vi) monitoring daily and periodic compliance with respect to all requirements and restrictions of the 1940 Act, the Internal Revenue Code and the Prospectuses.


For the services rendered to the Portfolio by the Administrator, the Portfolio pays the Administrator a fund administration fee equal to the greater of a minimum fee of $40,000 or 0.10% on the first $100 million of net assets, 0.08% on the next $150 million of net assets and 0.06% on net assets greater than $250 million.  The Portfolio also pays the Administrator for any out-of-pocket expenses.


  Fund Accounting


The Administrator, pursuant to the Portfolio Accounting Service Agreement, provides the Portfolio with accounting services, including:  (i) daily computation of net asset value; (ii) maintenance of security ledgers and books and records as required by the 1940 Act; (iii) production of the Portfolio’s listing of portfolio securities and general ledger reports; (iv) reconciliation of accounting records; (v) calculation of yield and total return for the Portfolio; (vi) maintaining certain books and records described in Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act, and reconciling account information and balances among the Portfolio's Custodian and Adviser; and (vii) monitoring and evaluating daily income and expense accruals, and sales and redemptions of shares of the Portfolio.


For the services rendered to the Portfolio pursuant to the Fund Accounting Service Agreement, the Portfolio pays the Fund Accountant a fee equal to a base annual fee of $24,000 plus or 0.02% on net assets of $25 million to $100 million and 0.01% on net assets greater than $100 million.  The Portfolio also pays the Administrator for any out-of-pocket expenses.


Transfer Agent


GFS, 4020 South 147th Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68137, acts as transfer, dividend disbursing, and shareholder servicing agent for the Portfolio pursuant to written agreement with the Portfolio.  Under the agreement, GFS is responsible for administering and performing transfer agent functions, dividend distribution, shareholder administration, and maintaining necessary records in accordance with applicable rules and regulations.




  Custodian


Citibank, N.A., located at One Sansome Street 25th Floor, San Francisco, CA  94104 (the “Custodian”) serves as the custodian of the Portfolio's assets pursuant to a Custody Agreement by and between the Custodian and the Trust on behalf of the Portfolio.  The Custodian’s responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling the Portfolio's cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities, and collecting interest and dividends on the Portfolio’s investments.  Pursuant to the Custody Agreement, the Custodian also maintains original entry documents and books of record and general ledgers; posts cash receipts and disbursements; and records purchases and sales based upon communications from the Adviser.  The Portfolio may employ foreign sub-custodians that are approved by the Board to hold foreign assets.


Compliance Services


Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (“NLCS”), an affiliate of GFS, provides a Chief Compliance Officer to the Trust as well as related compliance services pursuant to a consulting agreement between NLCS and the Trust.  



DESCRIPTION OF SHARES


  

Each share of beneficial interest of the Trust has one vote in the election of Trustees.  Cumulative voting is not authorized for the Trust.  This means that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trustees if they choose to do so, and, in that event, the holders of the remaining shares will be unable to elect any Trustees.


Shareholders of the Trust and any other future series of the Trust will vote in the aggregate and not by series except as otherwise required by law or when the Board determines that the matter to be voted upon affects only the interest of the shareholders of a particular series.  Matters such as ratification of the independent public accountants and election of Trustees are not subject to separate voting requirements and may be acted upon by shareholders of the Trust voting without regard to series.


The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest.  Each share has equal dividend, distribution and liquidation rights.  There are no conversion or preemptive rights applicable to any shares of the Portfolio.  All shares issued are fully paid and non-assessable.



ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM


  

The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the “Program”) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”).  To ensure compliance with this law, the Trust’s Program provides for the development of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program.


Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Transfer Agent and the participating insurance company and other intermediaries have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reported suspicious and/or fraudulent activity and a complete and thorough review of all new opening account applications. The Trust will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.


As a result of the Program, the Trust may be required to “freeze” the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Trust may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a governmental agency.

 

PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND

PRICING OF SHARES


  

Calculation of Share Price


As indicated in the Prospectus under the heading "Net Asset Value," the net asset value ("NAV") of the Portfolio's shares is determined by dividing the total value of a Portfolio's investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by the total number of shares outstanding of a Portfolio.   


Portfolio shares are valued at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) (the "NYSE Close") on each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. In unusual circumstances, instead of valuing securities in the usual manner, the Portfolio may value securities at fair value or estimate their value as determined in good faith by the Board or their designees, pursuant to procedures approved by the Board. Fair valuation may also be used by the Board if extraordinary events occur after the close of the relevant market but prior to the NYSE Close.


The Trust expects that the holidays upon which the Exchange will be closed are as follows: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, President's Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.


For more information about the calculation of each Portfolio's NAV, see the heading "Net Asset Value" in the Prospectus.  


Purchase of Shares


Orders for shares received by the Portfolio in good order prior to the NYSE Close on each day that the NYSE is open for trading are priced at the NAV per share computed as of the close of the regular session of trading on the NYSE. Orders received in good order after the NYSE Close, or on a day it is not open for trading, are priced at the close of such NYSE on the next day on which it is open for trading at the next determined NAV per share.


Redemption of Shares


The Portfolio will redeem all or any portion of a shareholder's shares of the Portfolio when requested in accordance with the procedures set forth in the "Redemptions" section of the Prospectus. Under the 1940 Act, a shareholder’s right to redeem shares and to receive payment therefore may be suspended at times:

 

(a)  when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings;

(b)  when trading on that exchange is restricted for any reason;

(c)  when an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Portfolio of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably   practicable for the Portfolio fairly to determine the value of its net assets, provided that applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (or any succeeding governmental authority) will govern as to whether the conditions prescribed in (b) or (c) exist; or

(d)  when the Securities and Exchange Commission by order permits a suspension of the right to redemption or a postponement of the date of payment on redemption.


In case of suspension of the right of redemption, payment of a redemption request will be made based on the net asset value next determined after the termination of the suspension.




TAX STATUS



The following discussion is general in nature and should not be regarded as an exhaustive presentation of all possible tax ramifications. All shareholders should consult a qualified tax advisor regarding their investment in a Portfolio.


The Portfolio intends to qualify and elect to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and intends to continue to so qualify, which requires compliance with certain requirements concerning the sources of its income, diversification of its assets, and the amount and timing of its distributions to shareholders. Such qualification does not involve supervision of management or investment practices or policies by any government agency or bureau.  By so qualifying, the Portfolio should not be subject to federal income or excise tax on its net investment income or net capital gain, which are distributed to shareholders in accordance with the applicable timing requirements. Net investment income and net capital gain of the Portfolio will be computed in accordance with Section 852 of the Code.  


Net investment income is made up of dividends and interest less expenses. Net capital gain for a fiscal year is computed by taking into account any capital loss carryforward of the Portfolio.


The Portfolio intends to distribute all of its net investment income, any excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, and any excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses in accordance with the timing requirements imposed by the Code and therefore should not be required to pay any federal income or excise taxes. Distributions of net investment income and net capital gain will be made after June 30, the end of each fiscal year, and no later than December 31 of each year. Both types of distributions will be in shares of the Portfolio unless a shareholder elects to receive cash.


To be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code, the Portfolio must also (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, net income from certain publicly traded partnerships and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to the business of investing in such securities or currencies, and (b) diversify its holding so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Portfolio’s assets is represented by cash, U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities (for purposes of this calculation, generally limited in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the market value of the Portfolio’s assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer) and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) any one issuer, two or more issuers which the Portfolio controls and which are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or the securities of certain publicly traded partnerships.


If the Portfolio fails to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M in any fiscal year, it will be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. As such the Portfolio would be required to pay income taxes on its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, at the rates generally applicable to corporations. Shareholders of the Portfolio generally would not be liable for income tax on the Portfolio’s net investment income or net realized capital gains in their individual capacities.


The Portfolio is subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on certain undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gain under a prescribed formula contained in Section 4982 of the Code. The formula requires payment to shareholders during a calendar year of distributions representing at least 98% of the Portfolio’s ordinary income for the calendar year and at least 98% of its capital gain net income (i.e., the excess of its capital gains over capital losses) realized during the one-year period ending [date] during such year plus 100% of any income that was neither distributed nor taxed to the Portfolio during the preceding calendar year. Under ordinary circumstances, the Portfolio expects to time its distributions so as to avoid liability for this tax.


For a discussion of the tax consequences to holders of variable life or annuity contracts, refer to the prospectuses or other documents you received when you purchased your variable life or variable annuity contracts. Variable life or variable annuity contracts purchased through insurance company separate accounts provide for the accumulation of all earnings from interest, dividends, and capital appreciation without current federal income tax liability for the owner.  Depending on the variable annuity or variable life contract, distributions from the contract may be subject to ordinary income tax and, in addition, on distributions before age 59 1/2, a 10% penalty tax.  Only the portion of a distribution attributable to income on the investment in the contract is subject to federal income tax.  Investors should consult with competent tax advisors for a more complete discussion of possible tax consequences in a particular situation.


Additional Diversification Requirement -- In addition to the diversification requirements applicable to all regulated investment companies discussed above, the Code imposes certain diversification standards on the underlying assets of variable life or variable annuity contracts held in the Portfolio.  The Code provides that a variable annuity contract shall not be treated as an annuity contract for any period (and any subsequent period) for which the investments are not, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Treasury Department, adequately diversified. Disqualification of the variable life or variable annuity contract as such would result in immediate imposition of federal income tax on variable life or variable annuity contract owners with respect to earnings allocable to the contract. This liability would generally arise prior to the receipt of payments under the contract.



The Portfolio intends to comply, and continue to comply, with the diversification requirement imposed by section 817(h) of the Code and the regulations thereunder on insurance company segregated asset ( i.e ., separate) accounts.  This requirement places certain limitations on the assets of each insurance company separate account, and, because section 817(h) and those regulations treat the assets of the Portfolio as assets of the related separate account, of the Portfolio, that may be invested in securities of a single issuer.  Specifically, the regulations require that, except as permitted by the "safe harbor" described below, as of the end of each calendar quarter or within thirty days thereafter no more than 55% of the total assets of the Portfolio may be represented by any one investment, no more than 70% by any two investments, no more than 80% by any three investments and no more than 90% by any four investments.  For this purpose, all securities of the same issuer are considered a single investment, and each U.S. government agency or instrumentality is considered a separate issuer.  Section 817(h) provides, as a safe harbor, that a separate account will be treated as being adequately diversified if the diversification requirements are satisfied and no more than 55% of the value of the account’s total assets are cash and cash items, U.S. Government Securities and securities of other registered investment companies.  Failure of the Portfolio to satisfy the section 817(h) requirements would result in taxation of the insurance company issuing the Contracts and treatment of the holders other than as described in the applicable Contract prospectus.


Treasury regulations provide that a variable annuity contract will be able to look through to the assets held by the Portfolio for the purpose of meeting the diversification test if the Portfolio meets certain requirements.  The Portfolio will be managed in such a manner as to comply with the diversification requirements and to allow the variable annuity contracts to be treated as owning a proportionate share of the Portfolio’s assets. It is possible that in order to comply with the diversification requirements, less desirable investment decisions may be made which would affect the investment performance of the Portfolio.


The above discussion of the federal income tax treatment of the Portfolio assumes that all the insurance company accounts holding shares of the Portfolio are either segregated asset accounts underlying variable contracts as defined in Section 817(d) of the Code or the general account of an insurance company as defined in Section 816 of the Code.  Additional tax consequences may apply to holders of variable contracts investing in a Portfolio if any of those contracts are not treated as annuity, endowment or life insurance contracts.


Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder realizes a loss on a disposition of the Portfolio’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (such as an insurance company holding the separate accounts referenced in this SAI), the shareholder must file with the Internal Revenue Service a disclosure statement on Form 8886.  Direct shareholders of Portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company, such as the separate accounts that own shares of the Portfolio, are not excepted. This filing requirement applies even though, as a practical matter, any such loss would not reduce the taxable income of the insurance company holding the separate accounts. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies.


Shareholders should consult their tax advisors about the application of federal, state and local and foreign tax law in light of their particular situation.


INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


  

Briggs, Bunting & Dougherty, LLP, whose address is Two Penn Center Plaza, Suite 820, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19102, serves as the Portfolio’s independent accountants providing services including (1) audit of annual financial statements, and (2) assistance and consultation in connection with SEC filings.


LEGAL COUNSEL


Thompson Hine LLP, 312 Walnut Street, 14th floor Cincinnati, Ohio 45202-4089 serves as the Trust's legal counsel. 

 

APPENDIX A

DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS

 

Standard & Poor's Ratings Group. A Standard & Poor's corporate bond rating is a current assessment of the credit worthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific obligation. This assessment of credit worthiness may take into consideration obligors, such as guarantors, insurers or lessees. The debt rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.  

 

The ratings are based on current information furnished to Standard & Poor's by the issuer or obtained by Standard & Poor's from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poor's does not perform any audit in connection with the ratings and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in, unavailability of such information, or for other circumstances.

 

The ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:

  

1.   Likelihood of default-capacity and willingness of the obligor as to the timely payment of interest and repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation.

 

2.   Nature of and provisions of the obligation.

 

3.  Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization or their arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights.

 

AAA - This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay interest and repay any principal.

 

AA - Debt rated AA also qualifies as high quality debt obligations. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is very strong and in the majority of instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.

 

A - Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.

 

BBB - Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas they normally exhibit protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.

 

BB, B, CCC, CC, C - Debt rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C is regarded, on a balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation.

 

BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.

 

BB - Debt rated BB has less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BBB rating.

 

B - Debt rated B has greater vulnerability to default but currently has the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB- rating.

 

CCC - Debt rated CCC has a currently indefinable vulnerability to default, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied B or B- rating.

 

CC - The rating CC is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied CCC rating.

 

C - The rating C is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior debt which is assigned an actual or implied CCC- debt rating. The C rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service payments are continued.

 

C1 - The rating C1 is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid.

 

D - Debt rated D is in payment default. It is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on a due date even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made during such grace periods; it will also be used upon a filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized. Plus (+) or Minus (-) - To provide more detailed indications of credit quality, the ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.


NR - indicates that no public rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor's does not rate a particular type of obligation as a matter of policy. Debt obligations of issuers outside the United States and its territories are rated on the same basis as domestic corporate issues. The ratings measure the credit worthiness of the obligor but do not take into account currency exchange and related uncertainties.

 

Bond Investment Quality Standards: Under present commercial bank regulations issued by the Comptroller of the Currency, bonds rated in the top four categories (AAA, AA, A, BBB, commonly known as "Investment Grade" ratings) are generally regarded as eligible for bank investment. In addition, the Legal Investment Laws of various states may impose certain rating or other standards for obligations eligible for investment by savings banks, trust companies, insurance companies and fiduciaries generally.

 

Moody's Investors Service, Inc. A brief description of the applicable Moody's rating symbols and their meanings follows:

 

Aaa - Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt edge". Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

 

Aa - Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuations of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.

 

A - Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.

 

Baa - Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Some bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

 

NOTE: Bonds within the above categories which possess the strongest investment attributes are designated by the symbol "1" following the rating.

 

Ba - Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.

 

B - Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.

 

Caa - Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.

 

Ca - Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.

 

C - Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and issue so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.

 

Duff & Phelps, Inc.: AAA-- highest credit quality, with negligible risk factors; AA -- high credit quality, with strong protection factors and modest risk, which may vary very slightly from time to time because of economic conditions; A-- average credit quality with adequate protection factors, but with greater and more variable risk factors in periods of economic stress. The indicators "+" and "-" to the AA and A categories indicate the relative position of a credit within those rating categories.

 

Fitch Investors Service LLP.: AAA -- highest credit quality, with an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay principal; AA -- very high credit quality, with very strong ability to pay interest and repay principal; A -- high credit quality, considered strong as regards principal and interest protection, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances. The indicators "+" and "-" to the AA, A and BBB categories indicate the relative position of credit within those rating categories.

 

DESCRIPTION OF NOTE RATINGS


A Standard & Poor's note rating reflects the liquidity concerns and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment.

 

Amortization schedule (the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities the more likely it will be treated as a note).

 

Source of Payment (the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.) Note rating symbols are as follows:

·

SP-1 Very strong or strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics will be given a plus (+) designation.

·

SP-2 Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest.

·

SP-3 Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

Moody's Short-Term Loan Ratings - Moody's ratings for state and municipal short-term obligations will be designated Moody's Investment Grade (MIG). This distinction is in recognition of the differences between short-term credit risk and long-term risk. Factors affecting the liquidity of the borrower are uppermost in importance in short-term borrowing, while various factors of major importance in bond risk are of lesser importance over the short run.

 

Rating symbols and their meanings follow:

·

MIG 1 - This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

·

MIG 2 - This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.

·

MIG 3 - This designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements are accounted for but this is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.

·

MIG 4 - This designation denotes adequate quality. Protection commonly regarded as required of an investment security is present and although not distinctly or predominantly speculative, there is specific risk.


COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS


Moody's Investors Service, Inc.: Commercial paper rated "Prime" carries the smallest degree of investment risk. The modifiers 1, 2, and 3 are used to denote relative strength within this highest classification.


Standard & Poor's Ratings Group: "A" is the highest commercial paper rating category utilized by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group which uses the numbers 1+, 1, 2 and 3 to denote relative strength within its "A" classification.


Duff & Phelps Inc.: Duff 1 is the highest commercial paper rating category utilized by Duff & Phelps which uses + or - to denote relative strength within this classification. Duff 2 represents good certainty of timely payment, with minimal risk factors. Duff 3 represents satisfactory protection factors, with risk factors larger and subject to more variation.


Fitch Investors Service LLP.: F-1+ -- denotes exceptionally strong credit quality given to issues regarded as having strongest degree of assurance for timely payment; F-1 -- very strong, with only slightly less degree of assurance for timely payment than F-1+; F-2 -- good credit quality, carrying a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment.



 

 

APPENDIX B


PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

OF

HS Dent Investment Management, LLC

Each proxy issue will be considered individually.  The following guidelines are a partial list to be used in voting proposals contained in the proxy statements, but will not be used as rigid rules.  For example, if voting a proxy in accordance with these guidelines will have an effect contrary to the Adviser’s desire to maximize shareholder value, then the Adviser may vote contrary to these guidelines.


A.

Oppose

The Adviser will generally vote against any management proposal that clearly has the effect of restricting the ability of shareholders to realize the full potential value of their investment.  Proposals in this category would include:

1.

Issues regarding the issuer’s Board entrenchment and anti-takeover measures such as the following:

a.

Proposals to stagger board members’ terms;

b.

Proposals to limit the ability of shareholders to call special meetings;

c.

Proposals to require super majority votes;

d.

Proposals requesting excessive increases in authorized common or preferred shares where management provides no explanation for the use or need of these additional shares;

e.

Proposals regarding “fair price” provisions;

f.

Proposals regarding “poison pill” provisions; and

g.

Permitting “green mail”.

2.

Providing cumulative voting rights.

3.

“Social issues,” unless specific client guidelines supersede.



B.

Approve

Routine proposals are those that do not change the structure, bylaws, or operations of the corporation to the detriment of the shareholders.  Given the routine nature of these proposals, proxies will nearly always be voted with management.  Traditionally, these issues include:

1.

Election of auditors recommended by management, unless seeking to replace if there exists a dispute over policies.

2.

Election of directors recommended by management, except if there is a proxy fight.

3.

Date and place of annual meeting.

4.

Limitation on charitable contributions or fees paid to lawyers.

5.

Ratification of directors’ actions on routine matters since previous annual meeting.

6.

Confidential voting

Confidential voting is most often proposed by shareholders as a means of eliminating undue management pressure on shareholders regarding their vote on proxy issues.

The Adviser will generally approve these proposals as shareholders can later divulge their votes to management on a selective basis if a legitimate reason arises.

7.

Limiting directors’ liability

8.

Eliminate preemptive right

Preemptive rights give current shareholders the opportunity to maintain their current percentage ownership through any subsequent equity offerings. These provisions are no longer common in the U.S., and can restrict management's ability to raise new capital.

9.

The Adviser generally approves the elimination of preemptive rights, but will oppose the elimination of limited preemptive rights, e.g., on proposed issues representing more than an acceptable level of total dilution.

10.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

11.

Establish 401(k) Plan


C.

Case-By-Case

The Adviser will review each issue in this category on a case-by-case basis.  Voting decisions will be made based on the financial interest of the client.  These matters include:

1.

Pay directors solely in stocks

2.

Eliminate director mandatory retirement policy

3.

Rotate annual meeting location/date

4.

Option and stock grants to management and directors

5.

Allowing indemnification of directors and/or officers after reviewing the applicable laws and extent of protection requested.


D.

Proxies issued by Underlying Investment Companies

The Dent Strategic Portfolio (the “Portfolio”), a series of Northern Lights Variable Trust, pursues its investment goals in part by investing in other investment companies that are not affiliated with the Portfolio (“Underlying Funds”).  As such, the Portfolio is required by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) to handle proxies received from Underlying Funds in a certain manner.  In particular, it is the policy of the Adviser to vote all proxies received from the Underlying Funds in the same proportion that all shares of the Underlying Funds are voted, or in accordance with instructions received from Portfolio shareholders, pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act and Rule 12(d)(1)(3) thereunder.  All proxies received from Underlying Funds will be reviewed to ensure proper voting.  After properly voted, the proxy materials are placed in a file maintained by the Adviser for future reference.