-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, RZvTlZ505NiXiPPIg3oaZyxfCIYrhKWvNED2UqVOW/It/wRLW2lD029PY/u84MMh 6+lSmHoqZ9qFrAU3oqipIQ== 0001214659-07-000877.txt : 20070424 0001214659-07-000877.hdr.sgml : 20070424 20070424060416 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001214659-07-000877 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-12G PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 10 FILED AS OF DATE: 20070424 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND LLC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001352190 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: OIL AND GAS FIELD EXPLORATION SERVICES [1382] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-12G SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-52576 FILM NUMBER: 07782975 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 947 LINWOOD AVENUE CITY: RIDGEWOOD STATE: NJ ZIP: 07450 BUSINESS PHONE: 2014479000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 947 LINWOOD AVENUE CITY: RIDGEWOOD STATE: NJ ZIP: 07450 10-12G 1 m12571f10.htm
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
--------------------

FORM 10

GENERAL FORM FOR REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES
PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
--------------------

RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Delaware                                   20-4077773
----------------------------------------     -------------------------------------
(State of other Jurisdiction of           (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Incorporation or Organization)
 

 
1314 King Street, Wilmington, Delaware         19801
---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)       (Zip Code)


Registrant's telephone number, including area code (302) 888-7444
--------------------

Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None


Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Title of each class:
--------------------

Shares of Membership Interest





TABLE OF CONTENTS
   
         
       
Page
Item 1.
 
Business
 
3
Item 1A.
 
Risk Factors
 
 12
Item 2.
 
Financial Information
 
 18
Item 3.
 
Properties
 
 25
Item 4.
 
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
 
 25
Item 5.
 
Directors and Executive Officers
 
 26
Item 6.
 
Executive Compensation
 
 27
Item 7.
 
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence
 
 27
Item 8.
 
Legal Proceedings
 
 28
Item 9.
 
Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
 
 28
Item 10.
 
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
 
 28
Item 11.
 
Description of Registrant's Securities to be Registered
 
 28
Item 12.
 
Indemnification of Directors and Officers
 
 32
Item 13.
 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 
 32
Item 14.
 
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 
 32
Item 15.
 
Financial Statements and Exhibits
 
 32

- 1 -


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Registration Statement on Form 10 (“Registration Statement”) and the documents Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC has incorporated by reference into this Registration, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to the Fund’s business plans, strategies, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “plan,” “target,” “pursue,” “may,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. A detailed discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements is included in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Registration Statement. The Fund undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

The Fund’s shares will be registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act. The Fund will therefore comply with, among other things, the periodic reporting requirements of Section 13(a) of the Act. As a result, the Fund will prepare and file annual reports with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and, from time to time, current reports on Form 8-K. Moreover, the Manager maintains a website at http://www.ridgewoodenergy.com that contains important information about the Manager, including biographies of key management personnel, as well as information about the oil and natural gas investments made by the Fund and the other investment programs managed by the Manager. Such information includes, without limitation, a map of the Gulf of Mexico that provides the location of every well and project managed by the Manager along with information as to whether the project is exploratory, in completion or producing. This information is publicly available (i.e., not password protected) and is updated regularly.

REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS

The Fund does not anticipate providing annual reports to shareholders but will make available upon request copies of the Fund's periodic reports to the SEC on Form 10-K and on Form 10-Q.

WHERE YOU CAN GET MORE INFORMATION

The Fund will file annual, quarterly and current reports and certain other information with the SEC. Persons may read and copy any documents the Fund files at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation at the public reference room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. A copy of any such filings will be provided free of charge to any shareholder upon written request to the Fund at its business address 947 Linwood Avenue, Ridgewood, New Jersey 07450, ATTN: General Counsel.

- 2 -

 
ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC (the "Fund"), (an exploratory stage enterprise) is a Delaware limited liability company and was formed on December 19, 2005 to acquire interests primarily in oil and natural gas projects located in the U.S. waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Ridgewood Energy Corporation ("Ridgewood Energy" or the “Manager”), a Delaware corporation, is the Manager. As the Manager, Ridgewood Energy has direct and exclusive control over the management and control of Fund operations. The Fund is engaged in the acquisition, development and production of oil and natural gas projects in the Gulf of Mexico. To date, the Fund has focused primarily on acquiring oil and natural gas projects in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico in locations with access to existing gathering and processing infrastructure or where such infrastructure can be constructed economically and efficiently.

The Fund initiated its private placement offering on February 1, 2006, selling whole and fractional shares of membership interests primarily at $150 thousand per share. There is no public market for these shares and one is not likely to develop. In addition, the shares are subject to severe restrictions on transfer and resale and cannot be transferred or resold except in accordance with the Fund's LLC operating agreement and applicable federal and state securities laws. The offering was terminated on June 12, 2006. The Fund raised approximately $124.4 million. After payment of approximately $19.9 million in offering fees, commissions and investment fees, the Fund had approximately $104.5 million for investments and operating expenses. As of April 16, 2007, the Fund had 1,300 shareholders.

Manager

Ridgewood Energy was founded in 1982 by Robert E. Swanson. As the Manager, Ridgewood Energy has direct and exclusive control over the management of the Fund's operations. With respect to project investment, Ridgewood Energy locates potential projects, conducts appropriate due diligence and negotiates and completes the transactions in which the investments are made. This includes not only review of existing title documents, reserve information, and other technical specifications regarding a project, but also the review and preparation of participation agreements and other agreements relating to an investment.

In addition, Ridgewood Energy performs (or arranges for the performance of) the management and administrative services required for Fund operations. Among other services, Ridgewood Energy administers the accounts and handles relations with the shareholders, including tax and other financial information. In addition, Ridgewood Energy provides the Fund with office space, equipment and facilities and other services necessary for its operation. Finally, Ridgewood Energy manages and conducts the Fund's relations with custodians, depositories, accountants, attorneys, brokers-dealers, corporate fiduciaries, insurers, banks and others, as required.

The Fund is required to pay all other expenses it incurs, including expenses of preparing and printing periodic reports for shareholders and the SEC, commission fees, taxes, outside legal, accounting and consulting fees, litigation expenses and other expenses, if any, properly payable by us. The Fund is required to reimburse the Manager for all such Fund expenses paid by them.

As compensation for their management services, the Manager is entitled to (i) an annual Management Fee, payable monthly, equal to 2.5% of the total capital contributions made by the Fund’s shareholders and (ii) a 15% interest in the cash distributions made to the Fund’s shareholders. The Manager received from the Fund for its management services $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. There have been no cash distributions to shareholders paid through December 31, 2006. Effective January 1, 2007, the Manager has changed its policy regarding the annual management fee. Commencing in January 2007, the management fee payable will be equal to 2.5% of the total shareholder capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole expenses incurred by the Fund. For the Fund, the management fee will be reduced by $56 thousand per month, based upon dry-hole expenses of $26.8 million through December 31, 2006.

Business Strategy

The Fund’s primary investment objective is to generate cash flow from the acquisition, exploration, production and sale of crude oil and natural gas from oil and natural gas projects. The Fund has invested and participates in exploration and production projects located in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico offshore Texas, Louisiana and Alabama on the Outer Continental Shelf (“OCS”). These activities are governed by the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act
 
- 3 -

 
(“OCSLA”) enacted in 1953 and administered by the Mineral Management Services (“MMS”). The Fund generally looks to invest in projects that have been proposed by larger independent oil and natural gas companies seeking to minimize their risks by selling a portion of their interest in a project. These investments may require the Fund to pay a disproportionate part of the drilling costs on the exploratory well of a project than its ownership interest would otherwise require. This is called a promote and is common in the oil and natural gas exploration industry. In addition, notwithstanding the sale of an interest to the Fund, the seller may retain a right for some period of time to payments from sales of oil and natural gas production from a well or project. This is called an overriding interest which is also common in this industry. Notwithstanding any such promote or overriding interest, the Fund has tried to invest in projects that it believes contain sufficient commercial quantities of oil or natural gas and which are near (i) existing oil or natural gas gathering and processing infrastructure and (ii) developed markets where the Fund can sell its oil or natural gas.

The Fund tries to focus on projects that have significant reserve potential and which are projected to have the shortest time period from investment to first production. The Fund does not operate these projects, and although it has a vote, it is not in control of the schedule pursuant to which its projects are developed and completed. Moreover, when performing due diligence with respect to a project, the Fund must rely on the independent reservoir engineers who are hired and paid, in most cases, by the operator. The Fund does engage certain consultants to examine and review such reserve estimates and seismic information on its behalf.

Manager’s Investment Committee and Investment Criteria
 
The New Jersey office has four executives on the investment committee, three of whom have been working together at Ridgewood Energy for 20 years. The Houston office, which opened in 2003, has five executives on the investment committee who provide operational, scientific and technical oil and gas expertise. In considering projects, the Manager and investment committee investigates each such project against a list of factors that it believes will result in the selection of those projects that have the highest probability of success. These factors, in no particular order, include, but are not limited to, the following (i) targeting projects that have or are expected to have operators with significant resources and experience in oil and gas exploration; (ii) targeting projects that have or are expected to have partners that also have significant resources and experience in oil and gas exploration; (iii) technical quality of the project including its geology, seismic profile, locational trends, and whether the project has potential for multiple prospects; (iv) oil or gas reserve potential; (v) whether and the extent to which the operator participates as a working interest owner in the project; (vi) economic factors, such as potential revenues from the project, the rate of return, and estimated time to first production; (vii) risk factors associated with exploration, as more fully described in this filing; (viii) existence of drilling rigs, platforms and other infrastructure, at or nearby the Project; (ix) proposed drilling schedule; (x) terms of the proposed transaction, including contractual restrictions and obligations and lease term; and (xi) overall cost of the project.
 

Properties

The following table is a summary of the Fund’s investments detailing the actual dollars spent in millions on each project. The total spent on dry-holes represents the total amount spent on each project through December 31, 2006 and subsequently written off. Copies of the Fund's participation agreements are attached hereto as exhibits.
 
- 4 -

 

                               
             
Off-shore
               
             
Location in
   
Drilling
   
Total Spent
   
     
Working
     
Gulf of
   
Risk (b)
   
12/31/2006
   
 
Lease Block
 
Interest
 
Operator
 
Mexico
   
(in thousands)
   
(in thousands)
 
Status
 Dry holes (a)
                           
 
Viosca Knoll 207
 
40.0%
 
Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
 
Alabama
   
N/A
   $
 6,846
 
Dry - December 2006
 
Garden Banks 346/390
 
27.0%
 
Walter Oil & Gas, Inc.
 
Texas
   $
20,537
   $
19,937
 
Dry - March 2007
                               
Current Projects
 
 
                       
 
Vermilion 344 #2
 
22.5%
 
LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc.
 
Louisiana
   $
 1,500
   $
 411
 
Successful 1Q 2007-
completion in progress
 
Main Pass 275 A3
 
30.0%
 
Newfield Exploration Company
 
Louisiana
   $
 2,850
   $
200
 
Successful 1Q 2007-
completion in progress
 
West Cameron 75
 
20.0%
 
El Paso Inc.
 
Louisiana
   $
 9,625
   $
-
 
Currently drilling -
results expected in June 2007
 
West Delta 68
 
22.5%
 
LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc.
 
Louisiana
   $
1,950
   $
 -
 
Successful 1Q 2007-
completion in progress
         
 
 
 
               
Future projects
         
 
               
 
Galveston 248
 
22.5%
 
LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc.
 
Texas
   $
 2,400
   $
 -
 
2nd quarter 2007
drilling date
 
West Delta 67
 
22.5%
 
LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc.
 
Louisiana
   $
1,800
   $
 -
 
2nd quarter 2007
drilling date
 
Ship Shoal 81
 
22.5%
 
LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc.
 
Louisiana
   $
1,500
   $
-
 
3rd quarter 2007
drilling date
 
South Marsh Island 111
 
22.5%
 
LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc.
 
Louisiana
   $
1,500
   $
-
 
2nd quarter 2007
drilling date
 

(a)
Dry-hole costs represent wells that have been drilled but do not have commercially productive oil and/or natural gas reservoirs and have been plugged and abandoned.
 
(b)
Drilling risk represents the estimated projected dry-hole costs, leasehold costs or sunk costs including promote for project participation per AFE's adjusted for current operating conditions (i.e. projected costs overruns, increased drilling rates, etc).
 
Working Interest in Oil and Natural Gas Leases

Existing projects, and future projects, if any, are expected to be located in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico offshore from Texas, Louisiana and Alabama on the OCS. The OCSLA, which was enacted in 1953, governs certain activities with respect to working interests and the exploration of oil and natural gas in the OCS.

Under OCSLA, the United States federal government has jurisdiction over oil and natural gas exploration and development on the OCS. As a result, the United States Secretary of the Interior is empowered to sell exploration, development and production leases of a defined submerged area of the OCS, or a block, through a competitive bidding process. Such activity is conducted by the MMS, an agency of the United States Department of Interior. As part of the leasing activity and as required by the OCSLA, the leases auctioned include specified lease terms such as the length of the lease, the amount of royalty to be paid, lease cancellation and suspension, and, to a degree, the planned activities of exploration and production to be conducted by the lessee. In addition, the OCSLA grants the Secretary of the Interior continuing oversight and approval authority over exploration plans throughout the term of the lease.

The winning bidder(s) at the lease sale, or the lessee(s), are given a lease by the MMS that grants such lessee(s) the exclusive right to conduct oil and natural gas exploration and production activities within a specific lease block, or working interest. Leases in the OCS are generally issued for a primary lease term of 5, 8 or 10 years depending on the water depth of the lease block. The 5-year lease term is for blocks in water depths generally less than 400 meters,
 
- 5 -

 
8 years for depths between 400 meters to 800 meters and 10 years for depths in excess of 800 meters. During this primary lease term, except in limited circumstances, lessees are not subject to any particular requirements to conduct exploratory or development activities. However, once a lessee drills a well and begins production, the lease term is extended for the duration of commercial production.

The lessee of a particular block, for the term of the lease, has the right to drill and develop exploratory wells and conduct other activities throughout the block. If the initial well on the block is successful, a lessee (or third-party operator for a project) may conduct additional geological studies and may determine to drill additional or development wells. If a development well is to be drilled in the block, each lessee owning working interests in the block must be offered the opportunity to participate in, and cover the costs of, the development well up to that particular lessee's working interest ownership percentage.

Generally, working interests in an offshore gas lease under the OCSLA pay a 16.67% royalty to the MMS. Therefore, the net revenue interest of the holders of 100% of the working interest in the projects in which the Fund will invest is approximately 83.33% of the total revenue of the project, and, is further reduced by any other royalty burdens that apply to a lease block. However, as described below, the MMS has adopted royalty relief for existing OCS leases for those who drill deep oil and natural gas projects.

Mineral Management Services Deep Natural Gas Royalty Incentive

On January 26, 2004, the MMS promulgated a rule providing incentives for companies to increase deep oil and natural gas production in the Gulf of Mexico (the "Royalty Relief Rule"). Under the Royalty Relief Rule, lessees will be eligible for royalty relief on their existing leases if they drill and perforate wells for new and deeper reserves at depths greater than 15,000 feet subsea. In addition, an even larger royalty relief would be available for wells drilled and perforated deeper than 18,000 feet subsea. It should be noted that the Royalty Relief Rule does not extend to deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico off the continental shelf nor does it apply if the price of natural gas exceeds $9.91 Million British Thermal Units (“mmbtu”). The Royalty Relief Rule is limited to leases in a water depth less than 656 feet, or 200 meters. With respect to the Fund's projects that are currently drilling, the Fund will determine once completed if the project will be able to claim relief under the Royalty Relief Rule.

Oil and Natural Gas Agreements

None of the Fund's projects are producing and therefore no definitive arrangements have been made for the sale or transportation of oil and natural gas that may be produced from the Fund's projects. The Manager believes however, that it is likely that oil and natural gas from the Fund’s other projects will have access to pipeline transportation and can be marketed in a similar fashion. All of the Fund’s current projects are near existing transportation infrastructure and pipelines. As mentioned above in Manager’s Investment Committee and Investment Criteria, as part of the Manager’s review of a potential project, access to existing transportation infrastructure is an extremely important factor as the existence of such infrastructure enables production from a successful well to get to market quickly.
 
Operator

The projects in which the Fund has invested are operated and controlled by unaffiliated third-party entities acting as operators. The operator is responsible for drilling, administration and production activities for leases jointly owned by working interest owners and acts on behalf of all working interest owners under the terms of the applicable offshore operating agreements. In certain circumstances, operators will enter into agreements with independent third-party subcontractors and suppliers to provide the various services required for operating leases. Currently, the Fund's projects are operated by El Paso Inc., Newfield Exploration Company, and LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc.

Because the Fund does not operate any of the projects in which it has acquired an interest, shareholders must not only bear the risk that the Manager will be able to select suitable projects, but also that, once selected, such projects will be managed prudently, efficiently and fairly by the operators.
 
- 6 -


Insurance

The Manager has obtained hazard, property, general liability and other insurance in commercially reasonable amounts to cover the projects, as well as general liability and similar coverage for its business operations. However, there is no assurance that such insurance will be adequate to protect the Fund from material losses related to the projects. In addition, the Manager's past practice has been to obtain insurance as a package that is intended to cover most, if not all, of the funds under its management. While the Manager believes it has obtained adequate insurance in accordance with customary industry practices, the possibility exists, depending on the extent of the incident, insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all losses. In addition, depending on the extent, nature and payment of any claims to the Fund's affiliates, yearly insurance limits may become exhausted and be insufficient to cover a claim made by the Fund in that year.

Salvage Fund

As to projects in which the Fund owns a working interest, the Fund deposits in a separate interest-bearing account, or a salvage fund, which is in the nature of a sinking fund, money to help provide for the Fund’s proportionate share of the cost of anticipated salvage value of dismantling production platforms and facilities, plugging and abandoning the projects, and removing the platforms, facilities and projects in respect of each of such projects after their useful life, in accordance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations. There is no assurance that the salvage fund will have sufficient assets to meet these requirements and any unfunded expenses, and the Fund may be liable for such expenses. In 2006, the Fund deposited approximately $1 million from capital contributions into a salvage fund, which the Fund estimates to be sufficient to meet the Fund’s potential requirements. If management later determines the deposit and earned interest is not enough to cover the Fund’s proportionate share of expense, the Fund will deposit payments from operating income to make up any differences. Any portion of a salvage fund that remains after the Fund pays its share of the actual salvage cost will be distributed to the shareholders. There are no legal restrictions on the withdrawal of the salvage fund.

Seasonality

Generally, the Fund's business operations are not subject to seasonal fluctuations in the demand for oil and natural gas that would result in more of the Fund's oil and natural gas being sold, or likely to be sold, during one or more particular months or seasons. Once a project is drilled and reserves of oil and natural gas are determined to exist, the operator of the project extracts such reserves throughout the year. Oil and natural gas, once extracted, can be sold at any time during the year.

However, the Fund's drilling, production and transportation operations are subject to seasonal risks, such as hurricanes, that may affect the Fund’s ability to bring such oil or natural gas to the market and, consequently, affect the price for such oil and natural gas. The National Hurricane Center defines hurricane season in the Atlantic Region, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico to be from June 1 through November 30. During hurricane season, the number and intensity of and resulting damage from hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico region could affect the gathering and processing infrastructure, drilling platforms or the availability or price of repair or replacement equipment. As a result, these factors may affect the supply and, consequently, the price of oil and natural gas resulting in an increase in price if supplies are reduced. However, even if commodity prices increase because of weather related shortages, the Fund may not be in a position to take immediate advantage of any such price increase if, as a result of such weather related incident, damage occurred to its projects, the gathering infrastructure or in the transportation network.

The Manager has had past experiences which indicate the typical interruption in operations resulting from a hurricane that does not result in significant damage may be approximately three to seven days. The Manager has experienced the range of possible interruptions in operations due to hurricanes from as little as no damage and insignificant or no interruptions to significant damage and extended interruptions. However, it is of course impossible to predict whether and to what extent hurricanes and damage may occur and to what projects.

Customers

The Fund's existing projects have not yet been developed to the point where reserves of oil and natural gas have been discovered or extracted. As a result, the Fund has not yet contracted with third parties to sell such oil and natural gas and therefore has no customers or any one customer upon which it depends for more than ten percent (10%) of the Fund’s revenues.
 
- 7 -

 
Competition

Strong competition exists in the acquisition of oil and natural gas leases and in all sectors of the oil and natural gas exploration and production industry. Although the Fund does not compete for the acquisition of working interests from the MMS, it does compete with other companies for the acquisition of percentage ownership interests in oil and natural gas working interests in the secondary market.

In many instances, the Fund competes for projects with large independent oil and natural gas producers who generally have significantly greater access to capital resources, have a larger staff, and more experience in oil and natural gas exploration and production than the Fund. As a result, these larger companies are in a position that they could outbid the Fund for a project. However, because these companies are so large and have such significant resources, they tend to focus more on projects that are larger, have greater reserve potential, but cost significantly more to explore and develop. These larger projects increasingly tend to be projects in the deepwater areas of the Gulf of Mexico and the North Sea off the coast of Great Britain. However, the focus of these companies on larger projects does not necessarily mean that they will not investigate and/or acquire smaller projects in shallow waters for which the Fund competes. Many of these larger companies have participated in the auctions for lease blocks directly from the U.S. Government. In such cases, these companies obtain from the U.S. Government 100% of the leasehold of a particular lease block in the Gulf of Mexico. In order to obtain even more resources to invest in other larger and more expensive projects, they diversify current holdings, including projects they own in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico, by selling off percentage interests in these lease blocks. As a result, very good projects in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico become available. The Fund, therefore, has opportunities to acquire interests in these smaller, yet economically attractive projects.

Employees

The Fund has no employees as the Manager operates and manages the Fund.

Offices

The Manager’s business offices are located at 947 Linwood Avenue, Ridgewood, NJ 07450, and its phone number is 800-942-5550. The Manager also leases additional office space at 11700 Old Katy Road, Houston, TX 77079.

Regulations

Oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activities are subject to extensive federal and state laws and regulations. Regulations governing exploration and development activities require, among other things, the Fund’s operators to obtain permits to drill projects and to meet bonding, insurance and environmental requirements in order to drill, own or operate projects. In addition, the location of projects, the method of drilling and casing projects, the restoration of properties upon which projects are drilled and the plugging and abandoning of projects are also subject to regulations.

Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act

The Fund’s projects are located in the offshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico on the OCS. The Fund’s operations and activities, therefore, are governed by, among other things, the OCSLA.

Under OCSLA, the United States federal government has jurisdiction over oil and natural gas development on the OCS. As a result, the United States Secretary of the Interior is empowered to sell exploration, development and production leases of a defined submerged area of the OCS, or a block, through a competitive bidding process. Such activity is conducted by the MMS, an agency of the United States Department of Interior. The MMS administers federal offshore leases pursuant to regulations promulgated under the OCSLA. Lessees must obtain MMS approval for exploration, development and production plans prior to the commencement of offshore operations. In addition, approvals and permits are required from other agencies such as the U.S. Coast Guard, the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency. Offshore operations are subject to numerous regulatory requirements, including stringent engineering and construction specifications related to offshore production facilities and pipelines and safety-related regulations concerning the design and operating procedures of these facilities and pipelines. MMS regulations also restrict the flaring or venting of production and proposed regulations would prohibit the flaring of liquid hydrocarbons and oil without prior authorization.

- 8 -

 
The MMS has also imposed regulations governing the plugging and abandonment of wells located offshore and the installation and removal of all production facilities. Under certain circumstances, the MMS may require operations on federal leases to be suspended or terminated. Any such suspension or termination could adversely affect the Fund’s operations and interests.

The MMS conducts auctions for lease blocks of submerged areas offshore. As part of the leasing activity and as required by the OCSLA, the leases auctioned include specified lease terms such as the length of the lease, the amount of royalty to be paid, lease cancellation and suspension, and, to a degree, the planned activities of exploration and production to be conducted by the lessee. In addition, the OCSLA grants the Secretary of the Interior continuing oversight and approval authority over exploration plans throughout the term of the lease.


Sales and Transportation of Natural Gas/Oil

The Fund expects to sell its proportionate share of oil and natural gas to the market and to receive market prices from such sales. These sales are not currently subject to regulation by any federal or state agency. However, in order for it to make such sales the Fund is dependent upon unaffiliated pipeline companies whose rates, terms and conditions of transport are subject to regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC"). The rates, terms and conditions are regulated by FERC pursuant to a variety of statutes including the OSCLA, the Natural Gas Policy Act and the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Generally, depending on certain factors, pipelines can charge rates that are either market-based or cost-of-service. In some circumstances, rates can be agreed upon pursuant to settlement. Thus, the rates that pipelines charge us, although regulated, are beyond the Fund’s control. Nevertheless, such rates would apply uniformly to all transporters on that pipeline and, as a result, the impact to the Fund of any changes in such rates, terms or conditions would not impact its operations differently in any material way than the impact upon other oil or natural gas producers and marketers.

Environmental Matters and Regulation

The Fund’s operations are subject to pervasive environmental laws and regulations governing the discharge of materials into the air and water and the protection of aquatic species and habitats. However, although it shares the liability along with its other working interest owners for any environmental damage, most of the activities to which these environmental laws and regulations apply are conducted by the operator on the Fund’s behalf. Nevertheless, environmental laws and regulations to which its operations are subject may require the Fund, or the operator, to acquire permits to commence drilling operations, restrict or prohibit the release of certain materials or substances into the environment, impose the installation of certain environmental control devices, require certain remedial measures to prevent pollution and other discharges such as the plugging of abandoned projects and, finally, impose in some instances severe penalties, fines and liabilities for the environmental damage that is caused by the Fund’s projects.

Some of the environmental laws that apply to oil and natural gas exploration and production are:

The Oil Pollution Act. The Oil Pollution Act ("OPA") amends Section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Act (the “Clean Water Act”) and was enacted in response to the numerous tanker spills, including the Exxon Valdez that occurred in the 1980s. Among other things, the OPA clarifies the federal response authority to and increases penalties for spills. The OPA establishes a new liability regime for oil pollution incidents in the aquatic environment. Essentially, the OPA provides that a responsible party for a vessel or facility from which oil is discharged or which poses a substantial threat of a discharge could be liable for certain specified damages resulting from a discharge of oil, including clean-up and remediation, loss of subsistence use of natural resources, real or personal property damages, as well as certain public and private damages. A responsible party includes a lessee of an offshore facility.

The OPA also requires a responsible party to submit proof of its financial responsibility to cover environmental cleanup and restoration costs that could be incurred in connection with an oil spill. Under the OPA, parties responsible for offshore facilities must provide financial assurance of at least $35 million to address oil spills and associated damages. In certain limited circumstances, that amount may be increased to $150 million. As indicated earlier, the Fund has not been required to make any such showing to the MMS as the operator is responsible for such compliance. However, notwithstanding the operator's responsibility for compliance, in the event of an oil spill, the Fund, along with the operator and other working interest owners, could be liable under the OPA for the resulting environmental damage.

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Federal Water Pollution Act/Clean Water Act. Generally, the Federal Water Pollution Act/Clean Water Act imposes liability for the unauthorized discharge of petroleum products into the surface and coastal U.S. waters except in strict conformance with discharge permits issued by the federal (or state if applicable) agency. Regulations governing water discharges also impose other requirements, such as the obligation to prepare spill response plans. Again, the Fund’s operators are responsible for compliance with the Clean Water Act although the Fund may be liable for any failure of the operator to do so.

Federal Clean Air Act. The Federal Clean Air Act restricts the emission of certain air pollutants. Prior to constructing new facilities, permits may be required before work can commence and existing facilities may be required to incur additional capital costs to add equipment to ensure and maintain compliance. As a result, the Fund’s operations may be required to incur additional costs to comply with the Clean Air Act.

Other Environmental Laws. In addition to the above, the Fund’s operations may be subject to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, which regulates the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, disposal and cleanup of certain hazardous wastes, as well as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act which imposes joint and several liability without regard to fault or legality of conduct on classes of persons who are considered responsible for the release of a hazardous substance into the environment.

The above represents a brief outline of the major environmental laws that may apply to the Fund’s operations. The Fund believes that its operators are in compliance with each of these environmental laws and the regulations promulgated there under.

Potential Tax Benefits

The following discussion is a summary of the primary tax benefits of ownership of a membership interest in the Fund and does not include all possible tax benefits or other tax implications of such ownership.

Deduction of Intangible Drilling and Development Costs

Section 263(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) authorizes an election by the Fund to deduct as expenses intangible drilling and development costs incurred in connection with oil and natural gas properties at the time such costs are incurred in accordance with the Fund's method of accounting, provided that the costs are not more than would be incurred in an arm's length transaction with an unrelated drilling contractor. Such costs include, for example, amounts paid for labor, fuel, wages, repairs, supplies and hauling necessary to the drilling of the project and preparation of the project for production. Generally, this election applies to items that in themselves do not have salvage value. Alternatively, each Fund shareholder may elect to capitalize their share of the intangible drilling and development costs and amortize them ratably over a 60-month period.

The Fund may enter into “carried interest” arrangements whereby the Fund would purchase interests in certain leases and agree to pay a disproportionate part of the costs of drilling the first project thereon. In such situations, the party who is paying more than their share of costs of drilling may not deduct all such costs as intangible drilling and development costs unless their percentage of ownership of the lease is not reduced before they have recovered from the first production of the project an amount equal to the cost they incurred in drilling, completing, equipping and operating the project. The Fund may not have this right in certain of the transactions of this type in which it may engage. If circumstances permit, however, the Fund will adopt the position that all of the intangible drilling and development costs incurred are deductible (even though such costs may be disproportionate to its ownership of the lease) on the basis that such arrangements constitute partnerships for federal income tax purposes and that the excess intangible drilling and development costs are specifically allocable to the Fund. There can be no assurance that this position would prevail against challenge by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”).

In the case of a shareholder who constitutes an integrated oil company, 30% of the amount otherwise allowable as a deduction for intangible drilling costs under Section 263(c) must be capitalized and deducted ratably over a 60-month period beginning with the month the costs are paid or incurred. This provision does not apply to nonproductive projects. For this purpose, an integrated oil company is generally defined as an individual or entity with retail sales of oil and natural gas aggregating more than $5 million and refining more than 50,000 barrels per day for the taxable year.

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To the extent that drilling and development services were performed for the Fund in 2006, amounts incurred pursuant to bona fide arm's-length drilling contracts and constituting intangible drilling and development costs were deductible by the Fund in 2006. To the extent that such services are performed in 2007, however, the Fund will only be allowed to deduct for the year 2007 amounts that are:

·  
incurred pursuant to bona fide arm's-length drilling contracts which provide for absolute noncontingent liability for payment, and

·  
attributable to wells spud within 90 days after December 31, 2006.

Sections 461(h)(1) and 461(i)(2) of the Code provide, in relevant part:

...in determining whether an amount has been incurred with respect to any item during any taxable year, the all events tests shall not be treated as met any earlier than when economic performance with respect to such item occurs.

* * *

...economic performance with respect to the act of drilling an oil or natural gas well shall be treated as having occurred within a taxable year if drilling of the well commences before the close of the 90th day after the close of a taxable year.

The clear implication of these provisions is that an amount incurred during a taxable year for drilling or completion services which could otherwise be accrued for federal tax purposes will not be disqualified as a deduction merely because the services are performed during the subsequent taxable year (provided that the services commence within the first 90 days of such subsequent year).

Consequently, intangible drilling and development costs meeting the above criteria were deducted by the Fund in 2006 even though a portion of such costs are attributable to services performed during 2007.

Each shareholder, however, may deduct their share of amounts paid in 2006 for services performed in 2007 only to the extent of their cash basis in the Fund as of the end of 2006. For this purpose, a taxpayer's cash basis in a tax shelter which is taxable as a partnership (such as the Fund) is the taxpayer's basis in the Fund determined without regard to any amount borrowed by the taxpayer with respect to the Fund which (a) is arranged by the Fund or by any person who participated in the organization, sale or management of the Fund (or any person related to such person within the meaning of Section 461(b)(3)(c)) of the Code, or (b) is secured by any asset of the Fund. Inasmuch as cash basis excludes borrowing arranged by an extremely broad group of persons who could be related to a person who participated in the organization, sale or management of the Fund, it is not possible to express an opinion as to whether each shareholder of the Fund will be allowed to deduct their allocable share of any prepaid drilling expenses to the extent that they exceed their actual cash investment in the Fund.

Depletion Deductions

Subject to the limitations discussed hereafter, the shareholders will be entitled to deduct, as allowances for depletion under Section 611 of the Code, their share of percentage or cost depletion, whichever is greater, for each oil and natural gas producing project owned by the Fund.

Cost depletion is computed by dividing the basis of the project by the estimated recoverable reserves to obtain a unit cost, then multiplying the unit cost by the number of units sold in the current year. Cost depletion cannot exceed the adjusted basis of the project to which it relates. Thus, cost depletion deductions are limited to the capitalized cost of the project, while percentage depletion may be taken as long as the project is producing income. The depletion allowance for oil and natural gas production will be computed separately by each shareholder and not by the Fund. The Fund will allocate to each shareholder their proportionate share of production and the adjusted basis of each Fund project. Each shareholder must keep records of their share of the adjusted basis and any depletion taken on the project and use their adjusted basis in the computation of gain or loss on the disposition of the project by the Fund.

Percentage depletion with respect to production of oil and natural gas is available only to those qualifying for the independent producer's exemption, and is limited to an average of 1,000 barrels per day of domestic oil production or 6,000,000 cubic feet per day of domestic natural gas production. The applicable rate of percentage depletion on production under the independent producer exemption is 15% of gross income from oil and natural gas sales. The depletion deduction under the independent producer exemption may not exceed 65% of the taxpayer's taxable income for the year, computed without regard to certain deductions. Any percentage depletion not allowed as a deduction due to the 65% of adjusted taxable income limitation may be carried over to subsequent years subject to the same annual limitation. For a shareholder that is a trust, the 65% limitation shall be computed without deduction for distributions to beneficiaries during the taxable year.

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The determination of whether a shareholder will qualify for the independent producer exemption will be made at the shareholder level. A shareholder who qualifies for the exemption, but whose average daily production exceeds the maximum number of barrels on which percentage depletion can be computed for that year, will have to allocate their exemption proportionately among all of the properties in which they have an interest, including those owned by the Fund. In the event percentage depletion is not available, the shareholder would be entitled to utilize cost depletion as discussed above.

The independent producer exemption is not available to a taxpayer who refines more than 50,000 barrels of oil on any one day in a taxable year or who directly or through a related person sells oil or natural gas or any product derived therefrom (i) through a retail outlet operated by them or a related person or (ii) to any person who occupies a retail outlet which is owned and controlled by the taxpayer or a related person. In general, a related person is defined by Section 613A of the Code as a corporation, partnership, estate, or trust in which the taxpayer has a 5% or greater interest. For the purpose of applying this provision: (a) bulk sales of oil or oil and natural gas to commercial or industrial users are excluded from the definition of retail sales; (b) if the taxpayer or a related person does not export any domestic oil or natural gas production during the taxable year or the immediately preceding year, retail sales outside the U.S. are not deemed to be disqualifying sales; and (c) if the taxpayer's combined receipts from disqualifying sales do not exceed $5.0 million for the taxable year of all retail outlets taken into account for the purpose of applying this restriction, such taxpayer will not be deemed a retailer.

Depreciation
 
Costs of equipment, such as casing, tubing, tanks, pumping units, pipelines, production platforms and other types of tangible property and equipment generally cannot be deducted currently, but may be eligible for accelerated cost recovery. All or part of the depreciation claimed may be subsequently recaptured upon disposition of the property by the Fund or of a share by any shareholder.

In addition, the Code provides for certain uniform capitalization rules which could result in the capitalization rather than deduction of Fund management fee and administration costs.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth elsewhere in this report, you should carefully consider the following factors when evaluating the Fund:
 

RISKS INHERENT IN THE FUND’S BUSINESS

The Fund’s exploration and production activities are subject to risks that it cannot control and it may have insufficient insurance to cover these risks. To the extent the fund is not covered by insurance, it could incur losses and liabilities which could reduce revenues, increase costs or eliminate dollars available for future exploration and development projects.
Costs of drilling, completing and operating projects are often uncertain and drilling operations may be curtailed, delayed or canceled as a result of a variety of factors including:

·  
Fires, explosions, blowouts and cratering
·  
Equipment failures, casing collapse, pipe and cement failures
·  
Marine risks such as capsizing or collisions
·  
Adverse weather conditions, including hurricanes
·  
Shortages or delays in the delivery of equipment
·  
Acts of terrorism
·  
Environmental hazards
·  
Pipeline ruptures and discharge of toxic gases

Many of the above-mentioned risks could result in damage to life and / or property, or cause sustained interruption of production.

Insurance to cover certain of these risks may be prohibitively expensive or unavailable, particularly with respect to acts of terrorism. Additionally, insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover certain catastrophic events. The Fund could be liable for costs in excess of its insurance coverage.

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In addition, it is significantly less costly for insurance to be acquired and maintained by the Manager as a package that covers all of the oil and natural gas projects under its management. The majority of these projects are owned by other entities that are likewise managed by Ridgewood Energy. As a result, given insurance limits, if significant damage occurs to other projects owned by other investment vehicles managed by the Manager in any given year, the amount of insurance available to cover any damage to the Fund's projects could be significantly reduced.

The Fund’s investment activities may result in unsuccessful projects. 
There is always significant risk that a project will not have commercially productive oil or natural gas reservoirs. In other words, the well may be a dry-hole. The successful acquisition of producing properties requires assessment of reserves, seismic and other engineering information, future commodity prices, operating costs and potential environmental liabilities. The Fund’s assessment of these factors may not be successful.

The Fund has already experienced dry-holes and further dry-holes will adversely impact the Fund’s profitability and returns.
The Fund has already had two dry holes. Cumulative dry-hole costs to the Fund for the year ended December 31, 2006 totaled approximately $26.8 million. Given that the Fund’s capital is limited to the amount it raised (less various fees) in the offering of its shares, the aforementioned dry-holes, and every other dry-hole that the Fund may experience, has the effect of reducing the limited capital available for investment. In addition, because dry-holes reduce the capital available for additional investment, a significant number of dry-holes will reduce the returns of the Fund because the remaining capital, even if invested in successful wells, may not generate enough cash for investors to see significant or positive returns on their investments.

The actual costs to drill a well, or dry-hole costs, can materially exceed estimates due to cost overruns. In such event, the risks associated with the well increase.
 
When the Fund invests in a particular project the operator will generally provide what is referred to as an “AFE” or “authorization for expenditures”. The AFE’s for a particular project generally represent the dry-hole costs associated with that project and not the development costs should the project be successful. Dry-hole costs are generally an estimate made by the Operator after considering numerous factors, such as water depth, drilling depth, seismic information, and equipment costs and availability. Notwithstanding the Operator’s best estimates of drilling cost, the actual drilling of the well may result in cost overruns that materially increase the costs of drilling the project. The cost overruns can occur for any number of reasons including but not limited to, weather delays, equipment unavailability, pressure or irregularities in formations and other risks identified herein. The Fund has little choice but to pay these costs overruns or potentially lose its right to participate in the well by going “non-consent”. Significant cost overruns will increase the risk associated with the project as additional Fund capital that would otherwise be used for other projects is being allocated to cover the overruns.
 
The Fund’s reserve estimates are inherently uncertain and may be inaccurate and if so, may adversely affect the Fund’s revenue and profitability.
Once reserves are proved, there are many uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves and in projecting future rates of production and timing of development expenditures, including many factors beyond the Fund’s control. Estimates of reserves by necessity are projections based on engineering and geological data, including but not limited to volumetrics, reservoir size, reservoir characteristics, the projection of future rates of production and the timing of future expenditures. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the amount and quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. As a result, estimates of different engineers normally vary and may not be accurate. Development of the Fund’s reserves may not occur as scheduled and the actual results may not be as estimated.

In addition, results of drilling, testing and production subsequent to the date of an estimate may justify revision of such reserve and cost estimate upward or downward. Accordingly, reserve estimates are often different, sometimes materially, from the quantities ultimately recovered. The Manager reviews the reserve estimates provided by the operators of projects in which the Fund participates and may retain independent reserve engineers to review such reserve estimates and/or conduct an independent review, as appropriate. Future performance that deviates significantly from reserve estimates could have a material effect (positive or negative) on the Fund’s operations, business and prospects, as well as on the amounts of such reserves.

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Moreover, the Fund's estimated or proved oil and natural gas reserves and the estimated future net revenues from such reserves will be based upon various assumptions, including available geological, geophysical, engineering and production data. The process also requires certain economic assumptions such as oil and natural gas prices, drilling and operating expenses, capital expenditures, and availability of funds. As a result, the Fund is required to make assumptions and judgments, all of which can be wrong or inaccurate. Thus, these estimates are inherently imprecise and the quality and reliability of this information can vary, perhaps significantly, from actual results.

The prices that the Fund may receive for its oil or natural gas are highly volatile and unpredictable and may not be sufficient to generate enough cash flow to make distributions to investors.
When oil and natural gas production begins, the Fund's revenue, profitability and cash flow are highly dependent on the prices of oil and natural gas. Historically, the markets for crude oil and natural gas have been extremely volatile, and they are likely to continue to be volatile in the future. This volatility is caused by numerous factors and market conditions. Therefore, it is impossible to predict the future price of crude oil and natural gas with any certainty. Low commodity prices could have an adverse affect on the Fund’s future profitability and, in such an event, the Fund may be required by accounting rules to write down the carrying value of the Fund’s projects.

The Fund has not engaged in any price risk management programs or hedges to date and does not anticipate engaging in those types of transactions in the future.

The Fund may be required to take writedowns if natural gas and oil prices decline, which may adversely affect the Fund’s profitability. 
The Fund may be required under successful efforts accounting rules to write down the carrying value of its properties if natural gas and oil prices decline or if the Fund has substantial downward adjustments to its estimated proved reserves, increases in the Fund’s estimates of development costs or deterioration in the Fund’s exploration results.

The Fund utilizes the successful efforts method of accounting for natural gas and oil exploration and development activities. If the net book value of its natural gas and oil properties exceeds its undiscounted cash flows, GAAP requires the Fund to impair or “writedown” the book value of its natural gas and oil properties. Depending on the magnitude of any future impairment, a writedown could significantly reduce the Fund’s income, or produce a loss. As impairment computations involve the prevailing price on the last day of the quarter, it is impossible to predict the timing and magnitude of any future impairment. To the extent the Fund’s finding and development costs continue to increase as the Fund expects, the Fund will become more susceptible to impairments in low price environments.

The unavailability and cost of needed equipment may adversely affect the Fund’s profitability and operations.
As a result of the increase in oil and natural gas prices, drilling activity in the Gulf of Mexico has increased significantly. Drilling rigs and other equipment have become harder to obtain and more costly to acquire, especially if weather occurrences, such as hurricanes, occur with frequency in the Gulf of Mexico. These circumstances could have a negative impact on the Fund's operations.

The Fund has a limited amount of capital available to invest and therefore has limited ability to invest in many more projects. Further, each unsuccessful project erodes the Fund’s limited capital.
The capital raised by the Fund in its private placement is more than likely all the capital it will be able to obtain for investments in projects. Given its structure, obtaining traditional financing from public markets is unlikely and it is not practical to assume the Fund can raise additional funds through a supplemental offering or through debt financing. As a result, it has little, if any, ability to grow its business beyond its current projects or through investing its available cash in new projects. In any event, the number of projects in which the Fund can invest will naturally be limited and each unsuccessful project the Fund experiences, if any, will not only reduce its ability to generate revenue, but also exhaust its limited supply of capital.

The Fund may incur costs to comply with the many environmental and other governmental regulations that apply to its operations, which may adversely impact its ability to generate cash flow for distributions.
The oil and natural gas industry, in general, and offshore activities, in particular, are subject to numerous governmental laws and regulations which may affect the ongoing and future operational decisions and financial results of the Fund. United States legislation affecting the oil and natural gas industry is under constant review for amendment and expansion. Also, numerous departments and agencies, both federal and state, are authorized by statute to issue and have issued rules and regulations which, among other things, require permits for the drilling of projects, impose construction, abandonment and remediation requirements, prevent the waste of natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons through restrictions on flaring, require drilling bonds and regulate environmental and safety matters. Additionally, governmental regulations may also impact the demand for oil and natural gas, which could adversely affect the price at which oil and natural gas is sold. The regulatory burden on the oil and natural gas industry increases its cost of doing business and, subsequently, affects its profitability. Finally, as additional legislation or amendments may be enacted in the future, the Fund is unable to predict the ultimate cost of compliance.

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The Fund relies on third parties to operate, manage and maintain its projects over which it has limited control. Therefore, decisions may be made by these third parties that adversely affect the Fund or its operations.
Neither the Fund nor the Manager currently own or have any plans to acquire drilling or production equipment nor does the Fund or Manager maintain a staff of technical employees required for on-site drilling operations. Therefore, the Fund must rely on unrelated third party operators to oversee and/or perform all drilling, completion and ongoing maintenance and production activities for the projects in which it participates. For example, lack of operating control could lead to higher operating costs, drilling delays, increased rig costs or labor issues. As such, the Fund has little or no control over the day-to-day operations of these projects. However, the Fund has acquired and will continue to seek projects, to the extent of its available capital, in which the operators have significant resources, are experienced in offshore operations and have a long term presence and track record of success in the Gulf of Mexico.

The Fund owns projects jointly with other companies over whom it has no control and who may influence the manner in which the project is operated.
The Fund participates in projects as a working interest owner along with other unrelated third party entities, including the operator. While the Manager may monitor and participate in decisions affecting exploration and development of the leases or projects in which the Fund participates, other decisions with respect to lease exploration and development activities may be controlled by the other participants and could be unfavorable to the Fund. Finally, the Fund could be held liable for the joint activity obligations or tortuous actions of the operator or other working interest owners. If the Fund’s co-participants fail to pay their portion of the drilling and completion or ongoing maintenance costs, the project may lack sufficient funds to perform such work. As a result, the Fund, as well as the remaining working interest owners, may be required to pay such additional sums in order to complete drilling or development of the project.

The Fund faces competition from larger entities with greater capital resources that could limit the number and availability of economically attractive projects. 
As an independent oil and natural gas producer, the Fund faces competition in all aspects of its business. Many of its competitors are large, well-established companies that have significantly larger staffs and have greater capital resources. These companies may be able to pay more for a project or sustain losses for a longer period of time than the Fund.

The Fund maintains a salvage fund that may be insufficient to cover such salvage costs, in which event the Fund could be liable for any excess.
The Fund has created a salvage fund to cover certain anticipated salvage costs associated with the Fund’s projects. The salvage fund may not have sufficient assets to meet salvage costs and thus the Fund may be liable for its proportionate share of the unfunded expenses if in excess of the salvage fund.

The Fund’s projects and operations are located exclusively in the Gulf of Mexico and are subject to interruptions and damage from hurricanes that could adversely affect the Fund’s cash flow due to such exclusivity.
The Fund has invested in projects exclusively within the Gulf of Mexico and any future investments by the Fund in projects will likewise be located in the Gulf of Mexico. As a result of such exclusivity in location, the Fund is particularly susceptible to hurricane risks in that the impact to the Fund’s operations of a severe storm or storms could be more pronounced and severe (depending on the storm, its path, and resulting damage) because the Fund does not have projects in other areas of the globe to offset such damage. If, for example, the Fund had projects in areas not affected by hurricanes those projects could still operate and generate cash flow during the interruptions in operations in the Gulf of Mexico. As it is, a hurricane, or series of hurricanes in a season, has the potential of interrupting all of the Fund’s operations, at least for some period of time, if all of the Fund’s projects were affected. In such event, the Fund would not have sufficient cash flow to make distributions to investors and, additionally and as disclosed earlier, insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of the damages caused by the hurricanes.

The Fund’s internal control over financial reporting could be adversely affected by material weaknesses in the Fund’s internal controls.
Investors should be aware that the Fund cannot guarantee that material weaknesses will not develop or be identified. Any material weaknesses identified could harm the Fund’s operating results, cause the Fund to fail to meet its reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in its financial statements. Any such failure also could affect the ability of management to certify that the Fund’s internal controls are effective when it provides an assessment of the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
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RISKS RELATED TO THE NATURE OF THE FUND’S SHARES

The Fund’s shares have severe restrictions on transferability and liquidity and shareholders are required to hold the shares for a long period of time.
The Fund's shares are illiquid investments. There is currently no market for these shares. Because there will be a limited number of persons who purchase shares and because there are significant restrictions on the transferability of such shares under the limited liability company agreement (“LLC agreement”) and under applicable federal and state securities laws, it is expected that no public market will develop. Moreover, neither the Fund nor the Manager will provide any market for the shares. Shareholders are generally prohibited from selling or transferring their shares except in the circumstances permitted under the LLC agreement and applicable law, and all such sales or transfers require the Fund's consent, which it may withhold at its sole discretion. Accordingly, shareholders have no assurance that an investment can be transferred and must be prepared to bear the economic risk of the investment indefinitely.

Shareholders are not permitted to participate in the Fund’s management or operations and must rely exclusively on the Manager.
Shareholders have no right, power or authority to participate in the Fund’s management or decision making or in the management of the Fund’s projects. The Manager has the exclusive right to manage, control and operate the Fund’s affairs and business and to make all decisions relating to its operation.

The Fund’s assets are illiquid and therefore, cash flow for distributions, if any, must come from operations and not from dispositions of assets.
The Fund's interest in projects is illiquid. It does not anticipate selling any interests in the projects, or any part thereof. Even if it elected to sell, it is likely that there will be little or no market for these assets. However, if the Fund were to attempt to sell any such interest, a successful sale would depend upon, among other things, the operating history and prospects for the project or interest being sold, proven oil and natural gas reserves, the number of potential purchasers and the economics of any bids made by them and the current economics of the oil and natural gas market. In addition, any such sale may result in adverse tax consequences to the shareholders. The Manager has full discretion to determine whether any project, or any partial interest, should be sold. Consequently, shareholders will depend on the Manager for the decision to sell all or a portion of a project, or retain it, for the benefit of the shareholders.

The Fund indemnifies its officers, as well as the Manager and its employees, for certain actions taken on its behalf and therefore fund assets may be used to reimburse such officers.
The LLC agreement provides that the Fund's officers and agents, the Manager, the affiliates of the Manager and their respective directors, officers and agents when acting on behalf of the Manager or its affiliates on the Fund's behalf, will be indemnified and held harmless by the shareholders from any and all claims rising out of the Fund's management, except for claims arising out of bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct or a breach of the LLC agreement. Therefore, the Fund may have difficulty sustaining an action against the Manager, or its affiliates and their officers based on breach of fiduciary responsibility or other obligations to the shareholders.

The Manager will receive a management fee regardless of the Fund’s profitability and, additionally, cash distributions.

In addition to its annual management fee, the Manager will receive 15% of the Fund’s cash distributions to shareholders although the Manager has not contributed any cash to the Fund. Accordingly, shareholders contribute all of the cash utilized for the Fund's investments and activities. If the Fund's projects are unsuccessful, the shareholders lose 100% of their investment while the Manager, not having contributed any capital, will lose nothing.

Inherent in these fee arrangements is the possibility of conflicts between the Fund's interests and the best interests of the Manager. The Manager may have incentive to act in its best interests rather than in the Fund’s best interest by taking actions designed to increase its fees but with significant risk to the Fund. Any such conflict of interests will be addressed by the Manager as described in the risk factor below headed “Because the Manager manages many other oil and natural gas funds, it may have conflicts of interest in its management of the Fund’s operations”.

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None of the compensation to be received by the Manager has been derived as a result of arm's length negotiations.

Under Delaware law, shareholders have limited access to information and therefore, the Fund and Manager can restrict certain information, including shareholder information, making communications with other shareholders difficult. As a result, the information you receive about the Fund and its activities will be limited to what the Manager chooses to provide.  
Delaware law permits Delaware limited liability companies to restrict access to certain information provided that such restricted access is set forth in the LLC agreement. The Fund's LLC agreement contains provisions that limit shareholder access to certain sensitive or confidential information such as trade secrets, agreements or confidential or proprietary information. Moreover, shareholder access to information regarding other shareholders is likewise limited and the Fund may refuse to give shareholder information, such as name and address of other shareholders, which could make it difficult for a shareholder to contact other shareholders. Nevertheless, shareholders do have access to tax, other financial information or any other reasonable information regarding Fund operations.

Cash distributions are not guaranteed and may be less than anticipated or estimated.
Distributions depend primarily on available cash from oil and natural gas operations. At times, distributions may be delayed to repay the principal and interest on fund borrowings, if any, or to fund other costs, although the Fund does not anticipate such borrowings. The Fund's taxable income will be taxable to the shareholders in the year earned, even if cash is not distributed.

Because the Manager manages many other oil and natural gas funds, it may have conflicts of interest in its management of the Fund’s operations.
Shareholders will not be involved in the management of the Fund's operations. Accordingly, they must rely on the Manager's judgment in such matters. Inherent with the exercise of its judgment, the Manager will be faced with conflicts of interest. While neither the Fund nor the Manager have specific procedures in place in the event of any such conflicting responsibilities, the Manager recognizes that it has fiduciary duties to the Fund in connection with its position and responsibilities as Manager and it intends to abide by such fiduciary responsibilities in performing its duties. Therefore, the Manager and its affiliates will attempt, in good faith, to resolve all conflicts of interest in a fair and equitable manner with respect to all parties affected by any such conflicts of interest. The Manager is not liable to the Fund for how conflicts of interest are resolved unless it has acted in bad faith, or engaged in gross negligence or willful misconduct.

TAX RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INVESTMENT IN SHARES

The Fund is organized as a Delaware limited liability company and the Manager intends to qualify the Fund as a partnership for federal tax purposes. The principal tax risks to shareholders are that:

·  
The Fund may recognize income taxable to the shareholders but may not distribute enough cash to cover the income taxes on the Fund's taxable income.
·  
The allocation of Fund items of income, gain, loss, and deduction may not be recognized for federal income tax purposes.
·  
All or a portion of the Fund's expenses could be considered either investment expenses (which would be deductible by a shareholder only to the extent the aggregate of such expenses exceeded 2% of such shareholder's adjusted gross income) or as nondeductible items that must be capitalized.
·  
All or a substantial portion of the Fund's income could be deemed to constitute unrelated business taxable income, such that tax-exempt shareholders could be subject to tax on their respective portions of such income.
·  
If any Fund income is deemed to be unrelated business taxable income, a shareholder that is a charitable remainder trust could have all of its income from any source deemed to be taxable.
·  
All or a portion of the losses, if any, allocated to the shareholders will be passive losses and thus deductible by the shareholder only to the extent of passive income.
·  
The shareholders could have capital losses in excess of the amount that is allowable as a deduction in a particular year.

Although the Fund has obtained an opinion of counsel regarding the matters described in the preceding paragraph, it will not obtain a ruling from the IRS as to any aspect of the Fund's tax status. The tax consequences of investing in the Fund could be altered at any time by legislative, judicial, or administrative action.

- 17 -

 
If the IRS audits the Fund, it could require investors to amend or adjust their tax returns of result in an audit of their tax.
The IRS may audit the Fund's tax returns. Any audit issues will be resolved at the Fund level by the Manager. If adjustments are made by the IRS, corresponding adjustments will be required to be made to the federal income tax returns of the shareholders, which may require payment of additional taxes, interest, and penalties. An audit of the Fund's tax return may result in the examination and audit of a shareholder's return that otherwise might not have occurred, and such audit may result in adjustments to items in the shareholder's return that are unrelated to the Fund operations. Each shareholder bears the expenses associated with an audit of that shareholder's return.

In the event that an audit of the Fund by the IRS results in adjustments to the tax liability of a shareholder, such shareholder will be subject to interest on the underpayment and may be subject to substantial penalties. In addition, a number of substantial penalties could potentially be asserted by the IRS on any such deficiencies.

The tax treatment of the Fund can not be guaranteed for the life of the Fund. Changes in law or regulations may adversely affect any such tax treatment.

Deductions, credits or other tax consequences may not be available to shareholders. Legislative or administrative changes or court decisions could be forthcoming which would significantly change the statements herein. In some instances, these changes could have substantial effect on the tax aspects of the Fund. Any future legislative changes may or may not be retroactive with respect to transactions prior to the effective date of such changes. Bills have been introduced in Congress in the past and may be introduced in the future which, if enacted, would adversely affect some of the tax consequences of the Fund.

ITEM 2. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

The following table summarizes certain selected financial data at December 31, 2006 and for the year ended December 31, 2006, and is derived from the audited financial statements included herein. Although the date of formation of the Fund is December 19, 2005, the Fund did not begin business activities until February 1, 2006 when it began its private offering of shares. There were no business activities prior to February 1, 2006. The information summarized below should be read in conjunction with Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Fund's audited Financial Statements and related Notes.
 

 
- 18 -

 

   
Year ended
December 31,
 
   
2006
 
(in thousands, except share data)
     
Income Statement Data:
     
Oil and gas revenues
 
$
-
 
Total expenses
   
35,432
 
Loss from operations
   
(35,432
)
Interest income
   
3,085
 
         
Net loss
 
$
(32,347
)
         
Earnings per share:
       
Net loss per share
 
$
(37,725
)
         
Cash Flow Data
       
Net cash used in operating activities
 
$
(6,903
)
Net cash used in investing activities
 
$
(53,163
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
 
$
110,116
 
         
         
   
December 31,
 
Balance Sheet Data:
   
2006
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
50,050
 
Short-term investment in
       
marketable securities
 
$
33,138
 
Salvage fund
 
$
1,030
 
Oil and gas properties
 
$
641
 
Total assets
 
$
84,948
 
Total current liabilities
 
$
7,191
 
Total members' capital
 
$
77,757
 


- 19 -


B. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview of the Fund’s Business

The Fund (an exploratory stage enterprise) is an independent oil and natural gas producer. The Fund’s primary investment objective is to generate cash flow for distribution to the Fund’s shareholders through participation in oil and natural gas exploration and development projects in the Gulf of Mexico. The Fund began its operations by offering its shares in a private offering on February 1, 2006. As a result of such offering, it raised approximately $124.4 million through the sale of 839.5395 shares of LLC membership interests. After the payment of approximately $19.9 million in offering fees, commissions and investment fees to Ridgewood Energy Corporation, affiliates, and broker-dealers, the Fund retained approximately $104.5 million available for investment. Investment fees represent a one time fee of 4.5% of initial capital contributions. The fee is payable for the service of investigating and evaluating investment opportunities and effecting transactions. Since inception in December 2005, the Fund has acquired an interest in ten offshore projects in the Gulf of Mexico. The Fund was notified by its operators that two of its projects had resulted in dry-holes. See also Item 1. “Business”.

The Manager performs certain duties on the Fund’s behalf including the evaluation of potential projects for investment and ongoing administrative and advisory services associated with these projects. The Fund does not currently, nor is there any plan, to operate any project in which the Fund participates. The Manager enters into operating agreements with third-party operators for the management of all exploration, development and producing operations, as appropriate. As compensation for the above duties, the Manager is paid a onetime investment fee for the evaluation of projects on the Fund’s behalf and an annual management fee (2.5%), payable monthly, for ongoing administrative and advisory duties as well as reimbursement of expenses. The Manager also participates in cash distributions. See also Item 1. "Business".

Subsequent Events

Management Fee
Effective January 1, 2007, the Manager has changed its policy regarding the annual management fee. Commencing in January 2007, the management fee payable will be equal to 2.5% of the total shareholder capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole expenses incurred by the Fund. For the Fund, the management fee will be reduced by $56 thousand per month, based upon dry-hole expenses of $26.8 million through December 31, 2006.

Garden Banks 346/390
In March 2007, the Fund elected not to proceed with the completion of the Garden Banks 346/390 project, thereby resulting in a dry-hole determination for this property. In August 2006, oil had been discovered in one of the three potential reservoirs, however, a sidetrack would be necessary to extract economically viable reserve amounts. A sidetrack was completed unsuccessfully in August 2006 and a second sidetrack would be required to achieve commercially viable quantities. The Fund performed an analysis of the expenses associated with the second sidetrack relative to other opportunities in which the Fund may elect to invest. In March 2007, the Fund made the decision to leave the Garden Banks 346/390 well plugged in order to allocate its remaining funds to West Cameron 75. The Fund owns a 27% working interest in Garden Banks 346/390. Dry-hole costs related to Garden Banks 346/390, including plug and abandonment expenses, incurred by the Fund for the year ended December 31, 2006 were approximately $19.9 million. During 2007, the Fund incurred an additional $0.6 million of dry-hole expense related to this property.
 
Critical Accounting Estimates

The discussion and analysis of the Fund’s financial condition and results of operations are based upon its consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. In preparing these financial statements, the Fund is required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the reported amounts of the Fund’s assets and liabilities, including the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of the Fund’s revenues and expenses during the periods presented. The Fund evaluates these estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. The Fund bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that the Fund believes to be reasonable at the time the estimates and assumptions are made. However, future events and their effects cannot be predicted with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from these estimates and assumptions under different circumstances or conditions, and such differences may be material to the financial statements. See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of Item 15. contained in this Form 10 for a discussion of the Fund’s significant accounting policies.
 
- 20 -

 
Accounting for Exploration and Development Costs
 
Exploration and production activities are accounted for using the successful efforts method. Costs of acquiring unproved and proved oil and gas leasehold acreage, including lease bonuses, brokers’ fees and other related costs, are capitalized. Annual lease rentals, exploration expenses and exploratory dry-hole costs are expensed as incurred. Costs of drilling and equipping productive wells, including development dry holes, and related production facilities are capitalized.
 
The costs of exploratory wells that find oil and gas reserves are capitalized pending determination of whether proved reserves have been found. Exploratory drilling costs remain capitalized after drilling is completed if (1) the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify completion as a producing well and (2) sufficient progress is being made in assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. If either of those criteria is not met, or if there is substantial doubt about the economic or operational viability of the project, the capitalized well costs are charged to expense. Indicators of sufficient progress in assessing reserves and the economic and operating viability of a project include: commitment of project personnel, active negotiations for sales contracts with customers, negotiations with governments, operators and contractors and firm plans for additional drilling and other factors.

Proved Reserves
The Fund’s reserves are fully engineered on an annual basis by independent petroleum engineers. The Fund’s estimates of proved reserves are based on the quantities of natural gas and oil which geological and engineering data demonstrate, with reasonable certainty, to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. However, there are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves and in projecting future revenues, rates of production and timing of development expenditures, including many factors beyond the Fund’s control. The estimation process is very complex and relies on assumptions and subjective interpretations of available geologic, geophysical, engineering and production data and the accuracy of reserve estimates is a function of the quality and quantity of available data, engineering and geological interpretation, and judgment. In addition, as a result of volatility and changing market conditions, commodity prices and future development costs will change from period to period, causing estimates of proved reserves to change, as well as causing estimates of future net revenues to change. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Fund did not have any proved reserves. Estimates of proved reserves are key components of the Fund’s most significant financial estimates involving the Fund’s rate for recording depreciation, depletion and amortization.

Unproved Properties
Unproved properties is comprised of capital costs incurred for undeveloped acreage, wells and production facilities in progress, wells pending determination and related capitalized interest. These costs are initially excluded from the depletion base until the outcome of the project has been determined, or generally, until it is known whether proved reserves will or will not be assigned to the property. The Fund assesses all items in its unproved property balance on an ongoing basis for possible impairment or reduction in value. The Fund believes that substantially all of the costs included in its unproved property balance will be evaluated in the next two years.

Asset Retirement Obligations
For oil and natural gas properties, there are obligations to perform removal and remediation activities when the properties are retired. When a project reaches drilling depth and is determined to be either proved or dry, a liability is recognized for the fair value of legally required asset retirement obligations once it can be reasonably estimated. The Fund capitalizes the associated asset retirement costs as part of the carrying amount of the long-lived assets. Plug and abandonment costs associated with unsuccessful projects are expensed as dry-hole costs.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Fund reviews long-lived assets, including oil and gas fields, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recovered. Long-lived assets are tested based on identifiable cash flows (the field level for oil and gas assets) and are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If the carrying amounts of the long-lived assets are not expected to be recovered by undiscounted future net cash flow estimates, the assets are impaired and an impairment loss is recorded. The amount of impairment is based on the estimated fair value of the assets determined by discounting anticipated future net cash flows.
 
- 21 -


In the case of oil and gas fields, the present value of future net cash flows is based on management’s best estimate of future prices, which is determined with reference to recent historical prices and published forward prices, applied to projected production volumes of individual fields and discounted at a rate commensurate with the risks involved. The projected production volumes represent reserves, including probable reserves, expected to be produced based on a stipulated amount of capital expenditures. The production volumes, prices and timing of production are consistent with internal projections and other externally reported information. Oil and gas prices used for determining asset impairments will generally differ from those used in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, since the standardized measure requires the use of actual prices on the last day of the year.

Results of Operations

The following review of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s financial statements and the notes thereto. The following table summarizes the Fund’s results of operations (in thousands, except per share data):


   
Year ended
December 31,
 
   
2006
 
Revenue
     
Oil and gas revenues
 
$
-
 
         
Expenses
       
Dry-hole costs
   
26,783
 
Investment fees to affiliate
   
5,642
 
Management fees to affiliate
   
2,377
 
Other operating expense
   
11
 
General and administrative expenses
   
619
 
Total expenses 
   
35,432
 
         
Loss from operations
   
(35,432
)
Other income
       
Interest income
   
3,085
 
Net loss 
 
$
(32,347
)
 
       
Manager - Net loss
 
$
(675
)
         
Shareholders - Net loss 
 
$
(31,672
)
Net loss per share
 
$
(37,725
)

Operating Revenues. From inception of the Fund through December 31, 2006, the Fund has not recorded any operating revenues and is considered an exploratory stage enterprise.

Operating and Other Expenses

Dry-hole costs. Dry-hole costs are those costs incurred to drill and develop a well that is ultimately found to be incapable of producing either oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion of the well. The following table summarizes dry-hole costs inclusive of plug and abandonment costs for the year ended December 31, 2006.
 

   
 For the year ended December 31, 2006
 
Dry-hole costs
 
 (in thousands)
 
        
Viosca Knoll 207
 
$
6,846
 
Garden Banks 346/390
   
19,937
 
   
$
26,783
 
 
Investment Fee. The Manager is paid a one time investment fee. The fee is payable for the service of investigating and evaluating investment opportunities and affecting transactions when the capital contributions are made. Investment fees incurred and paid during the year ended December 31, 2006 were $5.6 million.

- 22 -

 
Management Fee. The Manager receives an annual management fee, payable monthly, of 2.5% of total capital contributions. Management fees are charged to cover expenses associated with overhead incurred by the Manager for its on-going management, administrative and advisory services. Such overhead expenses include but are not limited to rent, payroll and benefits for employees of the Manager, and other administrative costs. Management fees incurred and paid for the year ended December 31, 2006 totaled approximately $2.4 million.

General and Administrative Expenses. Accounting, legal, fiduciary fees and insurance expenses represent costs specifically identifiable or allocable to the Fund. Accounting and legal fees represent annual audit and tax preparation fees, quarterly reviews and filing fees of the Fund. Fiduciary fees represent bank fees associated with the management of the Fund’s short-term investment portfolio in US Treasury Notes. Insurance expense represents premiums related to well control insurance and directors and officers liability policy, and are allocated by the Manager to the Fund based on capital raised by the Fund to total capital raised by all oil and natural gas funds managed by the Manager.

The following table summarizes general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2006.


   
 For the year ended December 31, 2006
 
General and administrative expenses:
 
 ( in thousands)
 
Accounting and legal fees
 
$
88
 
Insurance
   
443
 
Fiduciary fees
   
80
 
Other
   
8
 
   
$
 619  
Interest Income
Interest income is comprised of interest earned on money market accounts and short-term investments in US Treasury Notes. Interest income for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $3.1 million.


Operating Cash Flows
Cash flow used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $6.9 million, primarily related to payments for investment fees, management fees and general and administrative expenses of $5.6 million, $2.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, offset by interest income received of $1.7 million.

Investing Cash Flows
Cash flow used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2006 was approximately $53.2 million. The Fund made investments in marketable securities of $84.1 million, inclusive of salvage fund, and received proceeds of approximately $51.3 million from marketable securities that matured during 2006. Additionally, the Fund made capital expenditures of $20.4 million for unproved oil and natural gas properties during 2006, of which $20.3 million were determined to be unsuccessful, or dry-holes.

Financing Cash Flows
Cash flow provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2006 was approximately $110.1 million, primarily related to cash receipts of $124.3 million obtained from the Fund’s private offering, offset by $14.2 million of payments for syndication costs. At December 31, 2006, there was one outstanding subscription receivable of $60 thousand and $12 thousand of syndication costs payable to two affiliates of the Fund.

Estimated Capital Expenditures

The Fund has entered into multiple offshore operating agreements for the drilling and development of its investment properties. The estimated capital expenditures associated with these agreements can vary depending on the stage of development on a property-by-property basis. As of December 31, 2006, such estimated capital expenditures to be spent totaled approximately $43.4 million, all of which is expected to be paid out of unspent capital contributions within the next 12 months.

- 23 -

 
The table below presents exploration and development capital expenditures from inception as well as estimated budgeted amounts for future periods. Remaining unspent development capital will be reallocated to one or more new unspecified projects.

 
   
 Spent through
December 31, 2006
 
To be spent by
December 31, 2007
 
Projects
 
 (in thousands)
     
            
Garden Banks 346/390
 
$
19,937
 
$
600
 
Viosca Knoll 207
   
6,846
   
-
 
Main Pass 275
   
200
   
1,965
 
Vermillion 344
   
441
   
4,860
 
West Cameron 75
   
-
   
13,980
 
West Delta 68
   
-
   
4,140
 
Galveston 246
   
-
   
5,445
 
West Delta 67
   
-
   
3,870
 
Ship Shoal 81
   
-
   
4,275
 
South Marsh Island 111
   
-
   
4,230
 
   
$
27,424
 
$
43,365
 


Liquidity Needs

The Fund’s primary short-term liquidity needs are to fund its 2007 operations, including management fees and capital expenditures, with existing cash on-hand and income earned from its short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents. The Manager is entitled to receive an annual management fee from the Fund regardless of whether the Fund is profitable in that year. The annual fee, payable monthly, is equal to 2.5% of total capital contributed by shareholders. Effective January 1, 2007, the Manager has changed its policy regarding the annual management fee. Commencing in January 2007, the management fee payable will be equal to 2.5% of the total shareholder capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole expenses incurred by the Fund. For the Fund, the management fee will be reduced by $56 thousand per month based upon dry-hole expenses of $26.8 million through December 31, 2006.

On a long-term basis, until one of the Fund’s projects begins producing, all or a portion of the management fee is paid generally from the interest or dividend income generated by the Fund’s development capital that has not been spent, although the management fee can be paid out of capital contributions. Such interest and/or dividend income is more than enough to cover Fund expenses, including the management fee. Generally, it can take anywhere from 18 to 24 months to bring a project to production. Once a well is on production, the management fee and fund expenses are paid from operating income. Over time, as a well produces, the Fund may recover some or the entire management fee that may have been paid out of capital contributions.
 
Distributions, if any, are funded from cash flow from operations, and the frequency and amount are within the Manager’s discretion subject to available cash from operations, reserve requirements and Fund operations.

The capital raised by the Fund in its private placement is more than likely all the capital it will be able to obtain for investments in projects. The number of projects in which the Fund can invest will naturally be limited and each unsuccessful project the Fund experiences, if any, will not only reduce its ability to generate revenue, but also exhaust its limited supply of capital. Typically for a fund, the Manager seeks an investment portfolio that combines high and low risk exploratory projects.

When the Manager makes a decision for participation in a particular project, it assumes that the well will be successful and allocates enough capital to budget for the completion of that well and the additional development wells that are anticipated to be drilled. If the exploratory well is deemed a dry-hole or if it is un-economical, the capital allocated to the completion of that well and to the development of additional wells is then reallocated to a new project or used to make additional investments.
 

The Fund had no off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2006 and does not anticipate the use of such arrangements in the future.

- 24 -

 
Contractual Obligations

The Fund enters into operating agreements with operators. On behalf of the Fund, an operator enters into various contractual commitments pertaining to exploration, development and production activities. The Fund does not discuss or negotiate any such contracts. No contractual obligations exist at December 31, 2006.

C. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Projects drilled may not have commercially productive oil and natural gas reservoirs. In such an event, the Funds' revenue, future results of operations and financial condition would be adversely impacted.

The Fund does not have or use, any derivative instruments nor does it have any plans to enter into such derivative arrangements. The Fund will generally invest cash in high-quality credit instruments consisting primarily of money market funds, bankers acceptance notes and government agency securities with maturities of six months or less. The Fund does not expect any material loss from cash equivalents and therefore believes its potential interest rate exposure is not material. The Fund has no plan to conduct any international activities and therefore believes it is not subject to foreign currency risk.

The principal market risks to which the Fund is exposed that may adversely impact the Fund's results of operations and financial position are changes in oil and natural gas prices.

Low commodity prices could have an adverse affect on the Fund’s future profitability and, in such an event the Fund may be required by accounting rules to write down the carrying value of the Fund’s projects. Revenue to the Fund will be sensitive to changes in price to be received for oil and natural gas production. Prevailing market prices fluctuate in response to many factors that are outside of the Fund's control such as the supply and demand for oil and natural gas. Availability of alternative fuels as well as seasonal risks such as hurricanes can also impact the supply and demand.

High oil and natural gas prices have resulted in a strong demand for and a tight supply of drilling rigs necessary to drill new projects. The increased cost in daily rig rates could have a negative impact on the return to shareholders in the Fund. The shortage of drilling rigs could delay the application of capital to such projects and thus delay revenue from operations.

ITEM 3. PROPERTIES

The information regarding the Fund’s properties that is contained in Item 1. Business of this Registration Statement on Form 10 is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 4. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information with respect to beneficial ownership of the shares as of December 31, 2006 (no person owns more than 5% of the shares) by:

·  
each executive officer (there are no directors); and
·  
all of the executive officers as a group.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. Except as indicated by footnote, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them. Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 839.5395 shares outstanding at December 31, 2006. Other than the above, no officer and director owns any of the Fund's shares.
 
 Name of beneficial owner      Number
of shares
 Percent
     
Robert E. Swanson (1), President and Chief
Executive Officer
 
 3.6667
 *
 Executive officers as a group (1)  3.6667   *
 
* Represents less than one percent.
(1) Includes shares owned by the spouse of Mr. Swanson or one of his Trusts.

- 25 -

 
ITEM 5. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The Fund has engaged Ridgewood Energy as Manager. Ridgewood Energy was founded in 1982 and, as Manager, has very broad authority, including the election of executive officers.

Executive officers of Ridgewood Energy and the Fund and their ages at December 31, 2006 are as follows:
Name, Age and Position with Registrant
Officer Since
       
Robert E. Swanson, 59
   
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
1982
       
W. Greg Tabor, 46
   
 
Executive Vice President and
 
 
Director of Business Development
2004
       
Robert L. Gold, 47
   
 
Executive Vice President
1987
       
Kathleen P. McSherry, 41
   
 
Senior Vice President and
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
2000
       
Daniel V. Gulino, 46
   
 
Senior Vice President and General Counsel
2003
       
Adrien Doherty, 54
 
2006
 
Executive Vice President
 
 
Set forth below is the name of, and certain biographical information regarding the executive officers of Ridgewood Energy and the Fund:

Robert E. Swanson has served as the President, Chief Executive Officer, sole director, and sole stockholder of Ridgewood Energy since its inception. Mr. Swanson is also the controlling member of Ridgewood Power and Ridgewood Capital, affiliates of Ridgewood Energy. Mr. Swanson has been President and registered principal of Ridgewood Securities and has served as the Chairman of the Board of Ridgewood Capital since its organization in 1998. Mr. Swanson is a member of the New York State and New Jersey State Bars, the Association of the Bar of the City of New York and the New York State Bar Association. He is a graduate of Amherst College and Fordham University Law School.

Greg Tabor has served as the Executive Vice President and Director of Business Development for Ridgewood Energy since January 2004. Mr. Tabor was senior business development manager for El Paso Production Company from December 2001 to December 2003. From April 2000 to December 2001, Mr. Tabor was Vice President, Business Development for Madison Energy Advisors. Mr. Tabor is a graduate of the University of Houston.

Robert L. Gold has served as the Executive Vice President of Ridgewood Energy since 1987. Mr. Gold is also Executive Vice President of Ridgewood Power. Mr Gold has also served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Ridgewood Capital since its inception in 1998. Mr. Gold is a member of the New York State Bar. He is a graduate of Colgate University and New York University School of Law.

Kathleen P. McSherry has served as the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Ridgewood Energy since 2000. Ms. McSherry has been employed by Ridgewood Energy since 1987, first as the Assistant Controller and then as the Controller before being promoted to Chief Financial Officer in 2000. Ms. McSherry also serves as Vice President of Systems and Administration of Ridgewood Power. Ms. McSherry holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting.

- 26 -

 
Daniel V. Gulino has served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Ridgewood Energy since August 2003. Mr. Gulino also serves as Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Ridgewood Power Management, Ridgewood Power, and Ridgewood Capital and has done so since 2000. Mr. Gulino is a member of the New Jersey State and Pennsylvania State Bars. He is a graduate of Fairleigh Dickinson University and Rutgers School of Law.

Adrien Doherty has served as Executive Vice President of Ridgewood Energy since 2006. Mr. Doherty joined Ridgewood Energy after a thirty year career in investment banking, most recently as Head of Barclay’s Capital’s oil and gas banking effort. Mr. Doherty is a graduate of Amherst College and the Wharton Graduate Division of the University of Pennsylvania.

Board of Directors and Board Committees
The Fund does not have its own board of directors or any board committees. The Fund relies upon the Manager to provide recommendations regarding dispositions and financial disclosure. Officers of the Fund are not compensated by the Fund, and all compensation matters are addressed by the Manager, as described in Item 6 of this Form 10. Because the Fund does not maintain a board of directors and because officers of the Fund are compensated by the Manager, the Manager believes that it is appropriate for the Fund to not have a nominating or compensation committee. 
 
ITEM 6. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The executive officers of the Fund do not receive compensation from the Fund. The Manager, or its affiliates, compensates the officers without additional payments by the Fund. See Item 7. “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence” for more information regarding Manager compensation and payments to affiliated entities.

Compensation Discussion and Analysis
The executive officers of the Fund, Mr. Swanson, Mr. Tabor, Mr. Gold, Ms. McSherry, Mr. Gulino and Mr. Doherty, are employed by, and are executive officers of, the Manager, Ridgewood Energy, and provide managerial services to the Fund in accordance with the terms of the Fund’s LLC operating agreement. The Fund does not have any other executive officers. The Manager determines and pays the compensation of these officers. Each of the executive officers of the Fund also serves as an executive officer of each of the other funds managed by the Manager. Because the executive officers are employees of the Fund’s Manager and provide managerial services to all of the funds managed by the Fund’s Manager in the course of such employment, they do not receive additional compensation for providing managerial services to the Fund or to any one or more new funds established by the Manager than they would otherwise receive from the Manager if they did not serve in such capacities for the Fund or any such other funds.
 
The Manager is fully responsible for the payment of compensation to the executive officers. The Fund does not pay any compensation to its executive officers and does not reimburse the Manager for the compensation paid to executive officers. The Fund does, however, pay the Manager a management fee and the Manager may determine to use a portion of the proceeds from the management fee to pay compensation to executive officers of the Fund.

ITEM 7. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

In connection with the sale of shares in 2006, Ridgewood Securities Corporation, an affiliate of the Manager, earned a placement fee and commissions totaling $1.4 million included in syndication costs. The Manager earned an investment fee for the services of investigating and evaluating projects for future investment totaling $5.6 million.

The Manager was paid $4.4 million to cover legal and syndication fees for the organization, distribution and offering expenses.

The Manager receives an annual management fee, payable monthly, equal to 2.5% of total capital contributions, for general and administrative and management services supplied to us. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Manager was paid fees which totaled $2.4 million. Effective January 1, 2007, the Manager has changed its policy regarding this annual management fee. Commencing in January 2007, the management fee payable will be equal to 2.5% of the total shareholder capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole expenses incurred by the Fund. For the Fund, the management fee will be reduced by $56 thousand per month based upon dry-hole expenses of $26.8 million through December 31, 2006. Additionally, when distributions are made, the Manager is entitled to a portion of funds distributed to shareholders. There have been no distributions for the period December 19, 2005 (Inception) through December 31, 2006.
 
- 27 -

 
Profits and losses are allocated in accordance with the LLC operating agreement. In general, profits and losses in any year are allocated 85% to shareholders and 15% to the Manager. The primary exception to this treatment is that all items of expense, loss, deduction and credit attributable to the expenditure of shareholders' capital contributions are allocated 99% to shareholders and 1% to the Manager.

ITEM 8. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
None.
 
ITEM 9. MARKET PRICE OF AND DIVIDENDS ON THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

There is currently no established public trading market for the shares of membership interest of the Fund. The Fund is not currently offering or proposing to offer any shares for sale to the public. There are no outstanding options or warrants to purchase, or securities convertible into shares and the Fund does not have any equity-based compensation plans. The shares are restricted as to resale. Shareholders wishing to transfer shares should also consider the applicability of state securities laws. The shares have not been registered under the Securities Act or under any other similar law of any state (except for certain registrations that do not permit free resale) in reliance upon what the Fund believes to be exemptions from the registration requirements contained therein. Because the shares have not been registered, they are restricted securities as defined in Rule 144 under the 1933 Act.

At April 16, 2007, there were 1,300 holders of Fund shares.

To date, the Fund has not declared or paid cash dividends to the Fund shareholders. Ridgewood Energy Corporation, the Manager, may distribute dividends from available cash from operations as defined in the Fund LLC operating agreement.

ITEM 10. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES

During the period from February 1, 2006 until June 12, 2006, the Fund issued an aggregate of 839.5395 shares for gross proceeds of approximately $124.4 million. All sales of unregistered securities relied on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. All of the sales were made without the use of an underwriter. All purchasers of shares represented and warranted to the Fund that they were accredited investors as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and that the shares were being purchased for investment and not for resale.

From the amount raised, approximately $14.2 million was disbursed for commissions and legal syndication fees. Additionally, approximately $5.6 million was paid as an investment fee to Ridgewood Energy Corporation, the Manager, for the investigation and evaluation of investment property prospects. Remaining funds are expected to be used for exploration and development activities of oil and gas properties as well as the operation of the Fund.

ITEM 11. DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRANT'S SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED

The shares to be registered hereunder are shares of membership interest in the Fund, which is a limited liability company. The following is a summary of certain provisions of the LLC operating agreement.

Control of LLC Operations
 
The powers vested in the Ridgewood Energy Corporation (the “Manager”), as manager of the Fund, under the LLC Agreement are broad. The Manager has full, exclusive and complete discretion in the management and control of the affairs of the Fund and shareholders have no power to take part in the management of, or to bind, the Fund.
 
The Fund’s officers are appointed by the Manager and may be removed by it at any time. Additionally, the Manager may authorize any sale, lease, pledge or other transfer of substantially all of a Fund’s assets without a vote of the shareholders.
 
- 28 -

 
Amendments and Voting Rights
 
The Manager may amend the LLC Agreement without notice to or approval of the holders of shares for the following purposes:
 
·  
to cure ambiguities or errors;
 
·  
to equitably resolve issues arising under the LLC Agreement so long as similarly situated shareholders are not treated materially differently;
 
·  
to comply with law; to make other changes that will not materially and adversely affect any shareholder’s interest;
 
·  
to maintain the federal income tax status of the Fund or any shareholder, as long as no shareholder’s liability is materially increased; or
 
·  
to make modifications to the computation of items affecting the shareholders’ capital accounts to comply with the Code or to reflect the creation of an additional class or series of shares and the terms thereof.
 
Other amendments to the LLC Agreement may be proposed either by the Manager or by Fund shareholders. A vote on the proposal may be made by either by calling a meeting of the shareholders or by soliciting written consents. Proposed amendments require the approval of shareholders who hold of record at least a majority of the total shares on the record date for the action, given at a meeting of shareholders or by written consents. Any amendment requiring shareholder action (other than an amendment to allow the Fund to be taxed other than as a partnership) may not increase any shareholder’s liability, change the capital contributions required of him or her or his or her rights in interest in the Fund’s profits, losses, deductions, credits, revenues or distributions in more than a de minimis matter, or change his or her rights on dissolution or any voting rights without the shareholder’s consent. Any amendment that changes the Manager’s management rights requires its consent. Generally, shareholders have no right to vote on matters not involving an amendment to the LLC Agreement or the removal of the Manager. However, if any other matter does require a vote of shareholders, it must be approved by shareholders who own of record at least a majority of the total shares, or if a different vote is required by law, each shareholder will have voting rights equal to his or her total shares for purposes of determining the number of votes cast or not cast.
 
For all purposes, a majority of the shares is a majority of the issued and outstanding shares, including those owned, if any, by the Manager or its affiliates. A majority of the shares voted is insufficient if it is less than a majority of the outstanding shares.
 
The consent of all holders of shares is required for dissolving or terminating the Fund, other than as provided by the LLC Agreement; or adding a new Manager except as described below.
 
Participation in Costs and Revenues
 
Available cash determines what amounts in cash the Fund will be able to distribute in cash to shareholders. There are two types of available cash:
 
·  
available cash from dispositions is total cash received by the Fund from the proceeds of the sale or other disposition of the Fund’s Property (including items such as insurance proceeds, refinancing proceeds, condemnation proceeds and other amounts received out of the ordinary course of business), but excluding dispositions of temporary investments of the Fund; and
 
·  
available cash from operations is all other available cash.
 
Available Cash from Dispositions and Available Cash from Operations are defined in the LLC Agreement and are not defined by and are not the same as similar concepts under generally accepted accounting principles.
 
There is no fixed requirement to distribute available cash. Instead, available cash will be distributed to shareholders to the extent, and at such times, as the Fund believes is advisable. Once the amount and timing of a distribution is determined, it shall be made to shareholders as described below.
 
- 29 -

 
Distributions from Operations
 
At various times during a calendar year, the Fund will determine whether there is enough available cash from operations for a distribution to shareholders. The amount of available cash from operations determined to be available, if any, will be distributed to the shareholders. At all times, the Manager will be entitled to 15% and shareholders will be entitled to 85% of the available cash from operations distributed.
 
Distributions of Available Cash from Dispositions
 
Available cash from dispositions that the Fund decides to distribute will be paid as follows:
 
·  
before shareholders have received total distributions (including distributions from available cash from operations and available cash from dispositions) equal to their capital contributions, 99% of available cash from dispositions will be distributed to shareholders and 1% to the Manager; and
 
·  
after shareholders have received total distributions (including available cash from operations and available cash from dispositions) equal to their capital contributions, 85% of available cash from dispositions will be distributed to shareholders and 15% to the Manager.
 
General Distribution Provisions
 
Distributions to shareholders under the foregoing provisions will be apportioned among them in proportion to their ownership of shareholder shares. The Manager has the sole discretion to determine the amount and frequency of any distributions. However, distributions may not be made selectively to one shareholder or group of shareholders, but must be made ratably to all shareholders entitled to that type of distribution at that time. The Manager in its discretion nevertheless may credit select persons with a portion of its compensation from the Fund or distributions otherwise payable to the Manager.
 
Return of Capital Contributions
 
If the Fund for any reason at any time does not find it necessary or appropriate to retain or expend all capital contributions, it may, in its sole discretion, return any or all of such excess capital contributions ratably to shareholders. A return of capital contributions is not treated as a distribution. The Fund and the Manager will not be required to return any fees deducted from the original capital contribution or any costs and expenses incurred and paid by the Fund. The shareholders will be notified of the source of the payment. Any such return of capital will decrease the shareholders’ capital contributions.
 
Voluntary Additional Capital Contributions and Supplemental Offering of Shares
 
The LLC Agreement does not provide for any mandatory assessments of capital from shareholders. This means that the Fund cannot require any shareholder to contribute more money after such shareholder completes his subscription and pays his initial capital contributions.
 
If voluntary additional capital contributions are requested by the Fund to fund additional project activities, the Manager will do so through a supplemental offering of shares in the Fund. The LLC Agreement provides the Manager with discretion in determining the nature, scope, amount and terms of such supplemental offering.
 
A shareholder who elects to not participate in any supplemental offering of shares and does not provide additional capital contributions for such additional project activities will have no interest in such additional project activities, but will retain his interest in the projects in which the Fund has already invested. The failure of a shareholder to participate in a supplemental offering may have a dilutive effect on such shareholder’s investment.
 
Removal of Manager
 
Shareholders may propose the removal of the Manager, either by calling a meeting or soliciting consents in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement. Removal of the Manager requires the affirmative vote of shareholders who are holders of record of at least a majority of the total shareholder shares. Removal of a Manager causes the Fund to terminate the Fund’s operations and dissolve the Fund unless a majority of the shareholder shares elects to continue operations. The shareholders may replace the removed Manager or fill a vacancy by vote of shareholders who hold of record a majority of the total shareholder shares.
 
- 30 -

 
If the Manager is removed, resigns (other than voluntarily without cause) or is unable to serve, it may elect to exchange its management rights and rights to distributions, if any, for a series of cash payments from the Fund in amounts equal to the amounts of distributions to which the Manager would otherwise have been entitled under the LLC Agreement in respect of investments made by the Fund prior to the date of any such removal, resignation or other incapacity. The removed Manager would continue to receive its pro rata share of all allocations to shareholders as provided in the LLC Agreement which are attributable to any shareholder shares owned by it.
 
Alternatively, the removed Manager may elect to engage a qualified independent appraiser and cause the Fund to engage another qualified independent appraiser (at the Fund’s expense in each case) to value the Fund property as of the date of such removal, resignation or other incapacity as if the property had been sold at its fair market value so as to include all unrealized gains and losses. If the two appraisers cannot agree on a value, they would appoint a third independent appraiser (whose cost would be borne by the Fund) whose determination, made on the same basis, would be final and binding.
 
Based on the appraisal, the Fund would make allocations to the removed Manager’s capital account of profits, losses and other items resulting from the appraisal as of the date of such removal, resignation or other incapacity as if the Fund’s fiscal year had ended, solely for the purpose of determining the Manager’s capital account. If the removed Manager has a positive capital account after such allocation, the Fund would deliver a promissory note of the Fund to the Manager, the principal amount of which would be equal to the Manager’s capital account and which would bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the prime rate in effect at Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A. on the date of removal, resignation or other incapacity, with interest payable annually and unpaid principal payable only from 25% of any available cash before any distributions thereof are made to the shareholders under the LLC Agreement.
 
If the capital account of the removed Manager has a negative balance after such allocation, it would be obligated to contribute to the capital of the Fund in its sole discretion either cash in an amount equal to the negative balance in its capital account or a promissory note to the Fund in such principal amount maturing five years after the date of such removal, resignation or other incapacity, bearing interest at the rate specified above. If the removed Manager chose to elect the appraisal alternative, its entire interest in the Fund would be terminated other than the right to receive the promissory note and payments thereunder as provided above.
 
Dissolution of Fund
 
The Fund will dissolve and terminate its operations on the earliest to occur of (a) December 31, 2040, (b) the sale of substantially all of the Fund’s Property, (c) the removal, dissolution, resignation, insolvency, bankruptcy, death or other legal incapacity or disqualification of the Manager, (d) the vote of either all shareholders or of the Manager and shareholders who own at least a majority of the shareholder shares of record or (e) any other event requiring dissolution by law. The Fund will wind up its business after dissolution unless (i) the Manager and shareholders who own at least a majority of the shareholder shares of record or (ii) if there is no Manager, shareholders who own at least a majority of the shareholder shares of record, elect to continue the Fund. The Manager (or in the absence thereof, a liquidating trustee chosen by the shareholders) will liquidate the Fund’s assets if it is not continued.
 
Transferability of Interests
 
No shareholder may assign or transfer all or any part of his or her interest in the Fund and no transferee will be deemed a substituted shareholder or be entitled to exercise or receive any of the rights, powers or benefits of a shareholder other than the right to receive distributions attributable to the transferred interest unless (i) such transferee has been approved and accepted by the Fund, in its sole and absolute discretion, as a substituted shareholder, and (ii) certain other requirements set forth in the Fund’s LLC Agreement (including receipt of an opinion of counsel that the transfer does not have adverse effects under the securities laws and the Investment Company Act of 1940) have been satisfied.
 
The Manager may not resign except for cause (which cause does not include the fact or determination that continued service would be unprofitable to it) and may not transfer its interest in the Fund except to pledge it as security for a loan to the Manager if the pledge does not reduce cash flow distributable to other shareholders.
- 31 -


Liability
 
Assuming compliance with the LLC Agreement and applicable formative and qualifying requirements in Delaware and any other jurisdiction in which the Fund conducts its business, a shareholder will not be personally liable under Delaware law for any obligations of the Fund, except to the extent of any unpaid capital contributions, except for the amount of any wrongful distributions that render the Fund insolvent and except for indemnification liabilities arising from any misrepresentation made by him or her to the Fund when purchasing shares.
 
ITEM 12. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

The Delaware Limited Liability Company Act permits a Delaware limited liability company to indemnify and hold harmless any member or manager or other person from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever.

The Fund's LLC operating agreement provides that each managing person (which includes the Manager and the Fund's officers, agents, consultants and affiliates and their directors, trustees, officers, agents and affiliates when acting on behalf of the Fund) will be indemnified and held harmless to the full extent of the Fund's assets (and to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law) from any loss or damage incurred by the managing person, including any amounts paid in settlement of any claims incurred in connection with the Fund or in connection with claims by the Fund, in the right of the Fund or by or in right of any shareholder, due to any act or omission performed or omitted by the managing person, if the managing person, in good faith, determined that such course of conduct was in the Fund's best interest and the course of conduct did not constitute bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct by such managing person.

The Fund's LLC operating agreement provides that the Fund will not indemnify any managing person for liability imposed or expenses incurred in connection with any claim arising out of an alleged violation of any federal or state securities laws, unless the claim is successfully adjudicated on the merits in favor of the managing person, dismissed with prejudice on the merits, or subject to a court approved settlement.

The Manager has full and complete discretion to authorize indemnification of any managing person consistent with the requirements of the LLC operating agreement at any time, regardless of whether a claim is pending or threatened and regardless of any conflict of interest between the Manager and the Fund that may arise in regard to the decision to indemnify a managing person.

ITEM 13. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

See Item 15. “Financial Statements and Exhibits".

ITEM 14. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 15. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS
 
(a) Index to Financial Statements:
 
See "Index to Financial Statements" set forth on page F-1.
 

- 32 -


 (b) Exhibits:
 
     
EXHIBIT
   
NUMBER
TITLE OF EXHIBIT
 
     
3.1
Articles of Formation of Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC dated December 13, 2005 and filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on December 19, 2005.
 
     
3.2
Limited Liability Company Agreement between Ridgewood Energy Corporation and Investors of Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC dated February 1, 2006.
 
     
3.3
Private Offering Memorandum, dated February 1, 2006.
 
     
10.1
Participation Agreement between Chevron U.S.A., Inc. and Ridgewood Energy Corporation as Manager for Viosca Knoll 207.
 
     
10.2
Participation Agreement between Walter Oil & Gas, Inc. and Ridgewood Energy as Manager for Garden Banks 346/390.
 
     
10.3
Participation Agreement between Newfield Exploration Company and Ridgewood Energy as Manager for Main Pass 275.
 
     
10.4
Multi Well Participation Agreement between LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc. and Ridgewood Energy as Manager for Vermilion 344, West Delta 68, Galveston 248, West Delta 67, Ship Shoal 81 and South Marsh Island 111.
 
     
10.5
Participation Agreement between El Paso Inc. and Ridgewood Energy as Manager for West Cameron 75.
 
     
14
Code of Ethics
 
 
 
- 33 -

 
Index to Financial Statements
 
   
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
F-2
Balance Sheet at December 31, 2006
F-3
Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2006
F-4
Statement of Changes in Members' Capital for the period from December 19, 2005 (Inception) through December 31, 2006
F-5
Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2006
F-6
Notes to Financial Statements
F-7
 
F-1

 

To the Shareholders and Manager of Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC:

We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC (an exploratory stage enterprise) (the “Fund”) as of December 31, 2006, the related statements of operations and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2006 and statement of changes in members’ capital for the period from December 19, 2005 (Inception) through December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Fund is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC at December 31, 2006, and the result of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2006, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.




/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

April 23, 2007 
Parsippany, New Jersey
 

F-2

RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC
(An exploratory stage enterprise)
BALANCE SHEET
(in thousands, except share data)

   
December 31,
 
   
2006
 
ASSETS
     
Current assets:
     
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
50,050
 
Short-term investment in marketable securities
   
33,138
 
Other current assets
   
89
 
 
       
Total current assets 
   
83,277
 
         
Salvage fund
   
1,030
 
Oil and gas properties-unproved
   
641
 
         
Total assets 
 
$
84,948
 
         
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS' CAPITAL
       
Current liabilities:
       
Due to operator
 
$
7,064
 
Accrued expenses payable
   
104
 
Due to affiliates (Note 7)
   
23
 
         
Total current liabilities 
   
7,191
 
         
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
       
         
Members' capital:
       
Manager:
       
Deficit accumulated during the exploratory stage 
   
(675
)
         
Manager's total 
   
(675
)
         
Shareholders:
       
Capital contributions (1,000 shares authorized;  
       
839.5395 shares issued and outstanding) 
   
124,401
 
Syndication costs 
   
(14,237
)
Subscription receivable 
   
(60
)
Deficit accumulated during the exploratory stage 
   
(31,672
)
         
         
Shareholders' total 
   
78,432
 
         
Total members' capital 
   
77,757
 
         
Total liabilities and members' capital 
 
$
84,948
 
         
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

F-3

RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC
(An exploratory stage enterprise)
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share data)

   
For the year ended
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2006
 
       
Revenue
     
Oil and gas revenue
 
$
-
 
Expenses
       
Dry-hole costs
   
26,783
 
Investment fees to affiliate (Note 7)
   
5,642
 
Management fees to affiliate (Note 7)
   
2,377
 
Other operating expense
   
11
 
General and administrative expenses
   
619
 
         
Total expenses
   
35,432
 
         
Loss from operations
   
(35,432
)
         
Other income
       
Interest income
   
3,085
 
Net loss
 
$
(32,347
)
         
         
Manager - Net loss
 
$
(675
)
         
Shareholders - Net loss
 
$
(31,672
)
Net loss per share
 
$
(37,725
)
         
         
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

F-4

RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC
(An exploratory stage enterprise)
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN MEMBERS' CAPITAL
(in thousands, except share data)
 
   
# of Shares
 
Manager
 
Shareholders
 
Total
 
                   
Balances, December 19, 2005 (Inception)
       
$
-
 
$
-
 
$
-
 
                           
Shareholders' capital contributions
   
839.5395
   
-
   
124,401
   
124,401
 
Syndication costs (included offering fee of $4,388 paid
                         
to the Manager and selling commissions and placement
                         
fees of $166 and $1,188, respectively, paid to
                         
Ridgewood Securities Corp. - Note 7)
         
-
   
(14,237
)
 
(14,237
)
Subscription receivable
               
(60
)
 
(60
)
Net loss
         
(675
)
 
(31,672
)
 
(32,347
)
                           
Balances, December 31, 2006
   
839.5395
 
$
(675
)
$
78,432
 
$
77,757
 
                           
                           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

F-5

 
RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC
(An exploratory stage enterprise)
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

   
For the year ended
 
   
December 31, 2006
 
       
Cash flows from operating activities
     
Net loss
 
$
(32,347
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in
       
operating activities
       
Dry-hole costs 
   
26,783
 
Interest earned on marketable securities 
   
(1,366
)
Changes in assets and liabilities 
       
 Increase in other current assets
   
(89
)
 Increase in accrued expenses payable
   
104
 
 Increase in due to affiliates
   
12
 
         
 Net cash used in operating activities
   
(6,903
)
         
Cash flows from investing activities
       
Capital expenditures for oil and gas properties
   
(30
)
Capital expenditures for unsuccessful properties
   
(20,330
)
Salvage fund investments
   
(1,030
)
Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities
   
51,317
 
Investment in marketable securities
   
(83,090
)
         
Net cash used in investing activities 
   
(53,163
)
         
Cash flows from financing activities
       
Contributions from shareholders
   
124,341
 
Syndication costs paid
   
(14,225
)
         
Net cash provided by financing activities 
   
110,116
 
         
 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
   
50,050
 
         
 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
   
-
 
         
 Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
 
$
50,050
 
         
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 
F-6

 
RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC
(An exploratory stage enterprise)
NOTES TO AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Purpose

The Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC ("Fund") (an exploratory stage enterprise), a Delaware limited liability company, was formed on December 19, 2005 and operates pursuant to a limited liability company agreement ("Agreement") dated as of February 1, 2006 by and among Ridgewood Energy Corporation ("Manager"), and the shareholders of the Fund. Although the date of formation is December 19, 2005, the Fund did not begin business activities until February 1, 2006 when it began its private offering of shares.

The Fund was organized to acquire, drill, construct and develop oil and natural gas properties located in the United States offshore waters of Texas, Louisiana and Alabama in the Gulf of Mexico. The Fund has devoted most of its efforts to raising capital and oil and natural gas exploration activities. To date, the Fund has not earned revenue from these operations and is considered in the exploratory stage.

The Manager performs (or arranges for the performance of) the management and administrative services required for Fund operations. Such services include, without limitation, the administration of shareholder accounts, shareholder relations and the preparation, review and dissemination of tax and other financial information. In addition, the Manager provides office space, equipment and facilities and other services necessary for Fund operations. The Manager also engages and manages the contractual relations with outside custodians, depositories, accountants, attorneys, broker-dealers, corporate fiduciaries, insurers, banks and others as required (Notes 2, 6 and 7).

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Exploratory Stage Enterprise
Management uses various criteria to evaluate whether the Fund is an exploratory stage enterprise, including but not limited to, the success of drilling, the timing, significance, quality and flow of production and the results of reserve reports obtained from experts. On a case by case basis, once a project begins production, management performs diligent analysis at regular intervals utilizing the various criteria noted above to determine the appropriate classification of the Fund as an exploratory stage entity. Based on such an analysis, management has determined the Fund continues to be an exploratory stage enterprise. As the Fund did not have business activities prior to 2006, it has not included inception to date Statements of Operations or Cash Flows.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Manager reviews its estimates, including those related to amounts advanced to and billed by operators, determination of proved reserves, impairment allowances and environmental liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Advances to Operators for Working Interests and Expenditures
The Fund’s acquisition of a working interest in a well or a project requires it to make a payment to the seller for the Fund’s rights, title and interest. The Fund is required to advance its share of estimated cash outlay for the succeeding month’s operation. The Fund accounts for such payments as advances to operators for working interests and expenditures. As drilling costs are incurred, the advances are transferred to unproved properties.
 
Oil and Natural Gas Properties
Investments in oil and natural gas properties are operated by unaffiliated entities ("Operators") who are responsible for drilling, administering and producing activities pursuant to the terms of the applicable Operating agreements with working interest owners. The Fund's portion of exploration, drilling, operating and capital equipment expenditures relating to the wells are advanced and billed by Operators through authorization for expenditures.

F-7

 
The successful efforts method of accounting for oil and gas producing activities is followed. Acquisition costs are capitalized when incurred. Other oil and natural gas exploration costs, excluding the costs of drilling exploratory wells, are charged to expense as incurred. The costs of drilling exploratory wells are capitalized pending the determination of whether the wells have discovered proved commercial reserves. If proved commercial reserves have not been found, exploratory drilling costs are expensed to dry-hole expense. Costs to develop proved reserves, including the costs of all development wells and related facilities and equipment used in the production of natural crude oil and natural gas, are capitalized. Expenditures for ongoing repairs and maintenance of producing properties are expensed as incurred.

Upon the sale or retirement of a proved property (i.e. a producing well), the cost and related accumulated depletion and amortization will be eliminated from the property accounts, and the resultant gain or loss is recognized. On the sale or retirement of an unproved property, gain or loss on the sale is recognized. It is not the Manager’s intention to sell any of the Fund’s property interests.

Capitalized acquisition costs of producing oil and natural gas properties after recognizing estimated salvage values are depleted by the unit-of-production method.

As of December 31, 2006 amounts recorded in due to operators totaling $7.1 million related to the acquisition of oil and gas property, both successful and unsuccessful.

Revenue Recognition and Production Receivable
Oil and natural gas sales are recognized when delivery is made by the Operator to the purchaser and title is transferred (i.e., production has been delivered to a pipeline or transport vehicle). The Fund has not earned revenue from inception to date.

The volume of oil and natural gas sold on the Fund’s behalf may differ from the volume of oil and natural gas the Fund is entitled to. The Fund will account for such oil and natural gas production imbalances by the entitlements method. Under the entitlements method, the Fund will recognize a receivable from other working interest owners for volumes oversold by other working interest owners, and a payable to other working interest owners for volumes oversold by the Fund. At December 31, 2006, there were no oil or natural gas balancing arrangements between the Fund and other working interest owners.

Syndication Costs
Direct costs associated with offering the Fund’s shares including professional fees, selling expenses and administrative costs payable to the Manager, an affiliate of the Manager and outside brokers are reflected as a reduction of shareholders’ capital.

Asset Retirement Obligations
For oil and natural gas properties, there are obligations to perform removal and remediation activities when the properties are retired. When a project reaches drilling depth and is determined to be either proved or dry, an asset retirement obligation is incurred. Plug and abandonment costs associated with unsuccessful projects are expensed as dry-hole costs.
 

       
   
December 31, 2006
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Balance - Beginning of period
 
$
-
 
         
Liabilities incurred
   
634
 
Liabilities settled
   
(634
)
         
         
Balance - End of period
 
$
-
 

F-8


Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
In accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets” (“SFAS No. 144”), long-lived assets, such as oil and natural gas properties, are evaluated when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. The determination of whether impairment has occurred is made by comparing the carrying values of long-lived assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows attributable to the asset. The impairment loss recognized is the excess of the carrying value over the future discounted cash flows attributable to the asset or the estimated fair value of the asset.   No impairments have been recorded in the Fund since inception.

Depletion and Amortization
Depletion and amortization of the cost of proved oil and natural gas properties are calculated using the units of production method. Proved developed reserves are used as the base for depleting the cost of successful exploratory drilling and development costs. The sum of proved developed and proved undeveloped reserves is used as the base for depleting (or amortizing) leasehold acquisition costs, the costs to acquire proved properties and platform and pipeline costs. At December 31, 2006, the Fund did not have accumulated depletion as production has not yet occurred.

Income Taxes
No provision is made for income taxes in the financial statements. Because the fund is an LLC, the income or losses are passed through and included in the tax returns of the individual shareholders.

Cash and cash equivalents
All highly liquid investments with maturities when purchased of three months or less are considered as cash and cash equivalents. At times, bank deposits may be in excess of federal insured limits. At December 31, 2006, bank balances inclusive of the salvage fund exceeded federally insured limits by $24.9 million. The Fund maintains bank deposits with accredited financial institutions to mitigate such risk.

Salvage Fund
Pursuant to the Fund’s LLC Agreement, the Fund deposits in a separate interest-bearing account, or a salvage fund, money to provide for dismantling production platforms and facilities, plugging and abandoning the wells and removing the platforms, facilities and wells after their useful lives, in accordance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations.

Interest earned on the account will become part of the salvage fund; there are no legal restrictions on the withdrawal from the salvage fund.
 
Income and Expense Allocation
Profits and losses are to be allocated 85% to shareholders in proportion to their relative capital contributions and 15% to the Manager, except for items of expense, loss, deduction and credit that are attributable to the expenditure of shareholders’ capital contributions, which are allocated 99% to shareholders and 1% to the Manager.

Non-Cash Financing Transactions
Approximately $12 thousand of syndication costs have been accrued and $60 thousand of share purchases are recorded as subscription receivables at December 31, 2006.

3. Recent Accounting Standards

In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS No. 159”), which permits entities to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. An entity would report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The objective is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. The decision about whether to elect the fair value option is applied instrument by instrument, with a few exceptions; the decision is irrevocable; and it is applied only to entire instruments and not to portions of instruments. The statement requires disclosures that facilitate comparisons (a) between entities that choose different measurement attributes for similar assets and liabilities and (b) between assets and liabilities in the financial statements of an entity that selects different measurement attributes for similar assets and liabilities. SFAS No. 159 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of a fiscal year provided the entity also elects to apply the provisions of SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” (“SFAS No.157”). Upon implementation, an entity shall report the effect of the first remeasurement to fair value as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings/accumulated deficit. Since the provisions of SFAS No.159 are applied prospectively, any potential impact will depend on the instruments selected for fair value measurement at the time of implementation. The Fund does not believe that its financial position, results of operations or cash flows will be impacted by the adoption of SFAS No. 159.

F-9

 
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”), which applies under most other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements.  SFAS No. 157 provides a common definition of fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in a transaction between market participants.  The new standard also provides guidance on the methods used to measure fair value and requires expanded disclosures related to fair value measurements.   SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007.  The Fund does not believe that its financial position, results of operations or cash flows will be impacted by the adoption of SFAS No. 157.

In September 2006, the SEC Staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements,” (“SAB No. 108”) in an effort to address diversity in the accounting practice of quantifying misstatements and the potential for improper amounts on the balance sheet. Prior to the issuance of SAB No. 108, the two methods used for quantifying the effects of financial statement errors were the rollover and iron curtain methods. Under the rollover method, the primary focus is the income statement, including the reversing effect of prior year misstatements. The iron curtain method focuses on the effect of correcting the ending balance sheet, with less importance on the reversing effects of prior year errors in the income statement. SAB No. 108 establishes a dual approach which requires the quantification of the effect of financial statement errors on each financial statement, as well as related disclosures. Public companies are required to record the cumulative effect of initially adopting the dual approach method in the first year ending after November 16, 2006 by recording any necessary corrections to asset and liability balances with an offsetting adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The use of this cumulative effect transition method also required detailed disclosures of the nature and amount of each error being corrected and how and when they arose. The Fund has adopted the provisions of SAB No. 108 and there was no impact to its financial position, results of operations and cash flows as a result of this pronouncement.

4. Unproved Properties - Capitalized Exploratory Well Costs

Leasehold acquisition and exploratory drilling costs are capitalized pending determination of whether the well has found proved reserves. Unproved properties are assessed on a quarterly basis by evaluating and monitoring if sufficient progress is made on assessing the reserves. Capitalization costs are expensed as dry-hole costs in the event that reserves are not found or are not in sufficient quantities to complete the well and develop the field. Dry-hole costs were $26.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006.

The following table reflects the net changes in unproved properties for the year ended December 31, 2006. As of December 31, 2006, the Fund had no capitalized exploratory well costs greater than one year.
 
F-10

 

   
December 31,
 
   
2006
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Balance - Beginning of the period
 
$
-
 
         
Additions to capitalized exploratory well costs
       
pending the determination of proved reserves
   
641
 
Reclassifications to proved properties based on
       
the determination of proved reserves
       
Capitalized exploratory well costs charged to
       
dry hole costs
   
-
 
         
Balance - End of the period
 
$
641
 

5. Short-term Investments in Marketable Securities inclusive of Salvage Fund

Short-term investments are comprised of US Treasury Notes with maturities greater than three months and are considered held-to-maturity investments. Held-to-maturity securities are those investments that the Fund has the ability and intent to hold until maturity. Held-to maturity investments are recorded at cost plus accrued income, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and discounts, which approximate market value. Interest income is accrued as earned. The current fair value of the Fund’s held to maturity investments, including salvage fund, is $34.1 million, which have unrecognized holding gains of $15 thousand. US Treasury Notes mature in January, May and June 2007.

6. Distributions

Distributions to shareholders are allocated in proportion to the number of shares held.

The Manager will determine whether Available Cash from Operations, as defined in the Fund’s Operating Agreement, is to be distributed. Such distribution will be allocated 85% to the shareholders and 15% to the Manager, as defined in the Fund’s Operating Agreement.

Available Cash from Dispositions, as defined in the Fund’s Operating Agreement, will be paid 99% to shareholders and 1% to the Manager until the shareholders have received total distributions equal to their capital contributions. After shareholders have received distributions equal to their capital contributions, 85% of Available Cash from Dispositions will be distributed to shareholders and 15% to the Manager.

There have been no distributions made by the Fund.

7. Related Parties

Ridgewood Energy Corporation, the Manager, was paid a one time investment fee of 4.5% of initial capital contributions. Fees are payable for services of investigating and evaluating investment opportunities and effecting transactions and are expensed as incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2006 investment fees were approximately $5.6 million, of which $12 thousand was included in due to affiliates at December 31, 2006.

A management agreement provides that the Manager render management, administrative and advisory services. For such services, the Manager receives an annual management fee, payable monthly, of 2.5% of total capital contributions. Management fees of approximately $2.4 million were incurred and paid for the year ended December 31, 2006. The Manager changed its policy regarding the calculation of the management fees effective January 1, 2007. See Note 11. Subsequent Events.

The Manager was paid an offering fee which approximated 3.5% of capital contributions directly related to offer and sale of shares of the Fund. Such offering fee was included in syndication costs (Note 2) of $14.2 million. For the year ended December 31, 2006, offering fees were approximately $4.4 million. Of this amount, $9 thousand was included in due to affiliates at December 31, 2006.

F-11

 
From time to time, short-term payables and receivables, which do not bear interest, arise from transactions with affiliates in the ordinary course of business. There were no outstanding payables or receivables related to these transactions at December 31, 2006.

In 2006, Ridgewood Securities Corporation, a registered broker-dealer affiliated with the Manager, was paid selling commissions and placement fees of approximately $0.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, for shares sold of the Fund which are reflected in syndication costs (Note 2). At December 31, 2006, approximately $2 thousand was included in due to affiliates.

None of the compensation to be received by the Manager has been derived as a result of arm’s length negotiations.

The Fund has working interest ownership in certain projects to acquire and develop oil and natural gas projects with other entities that are likewise managed by the Manager.

8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

At December 31, 2006, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments in marketable securities, and salvage fund, approximate fair value.

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Environmental Considerations 
The exploration for and development of oil and natural gas involves the extraction, production and transportation of materials which, under certain conditions, can be hazardous or cause environmental pollution problems. The Manager and the Operators are continually taking action they believe appropriate to satisfy applicable federal, state and local environmental regulations and do not currently anticipate that compliance with federal, state and local environmental regulations will have a material adverse effect upon capital expenditures, results of operations or the competitive position of the Fund in the oil and natural gas industry. However, due to the significant public and governmental interest in environmental matters related to those activities, the Manager cannot predict the effects of possible future legislation, rule changes, or governmental or private claims. At December 31, 2006, there were no known environmental issues that required the Fund to record a liability.

Insurance Coverage
The Fund is subject to all risks inherent in the exploration for and development of oil and natural gas. Insurance coverage as is customary for entities engaged in similar operations is maintained, but losses may occur from uninsurable risks or amounts in excess of existing insurance coverage. The occurrence of an event which is not insured or not fully insured could have an adverse impact upon earnings and financial position.

10. Information about Oil and Natural Gas Producing Activities

In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 69, “Disclosures about Oil and Gas Producing Activities,” this section provides supplemental information on oil and natural gas exploration and producing activities of the Fund. Tables I and II provide historical cost information pertaining to capitalized costs, costs incurred in exploration, property acquisitions and development, and results of operations. As of December 31, 2006, the Fund did not have any proved reserves to warrant additional disclosures.

The Fund is engaged solely in oil and natural gas activities, all of which are located in the United States offshore waters of Texas, Louisiana Alabama in the Gulf of Mexico.
 
F-12

 

Table I - Capitalized Costs Related to
Oil and Gas Producing Activities
     
   
December 31,
 
   
2006
 
       
       
Proved oil and gas properties
 
$
-
 
Unproved oil and gas properties
   
641
 
Advances to operators for working interests and expenditures
   
-
 
         
Total oil and gas properties
 
$
641
 
         
Table II - Costs Incurred in Exploration,
Property Acquisitions and Development
       
         
   
For the year
ended
December 31,
2006
 
         
Exploratory drilling costs - capitalized
 
$
641
 
Exploratory drilling costs - expensed
   
26,783
 
   
$
27,424
 
         

11. Subsequent Events

Management Fee
Effective January 1, 2007, the Manager has changed its policy regarding the annual management fee. Commencing in January 2007, the management fee payable will be equal to 2.5% of the total shareholder capital contributions, net of cumulative dry-hole expenses incurred by the Fund. For the Fund, the management fee will be reduced by $56 thousand per month, based upon dry-hole expenses of $26.8 million through December 31, 2006.

Garden Banks 346/390
In March 2007, the Fund elected not to proceed with the completion of the Garden Banks 346/390 project, thereby resulting in a dry-hole determination for this property. In August 2006, oil had been discovered in one of the three potential reservoirs, however, a sidetrack would be necessary to extract economically viable reserve amounts. A sidetrack was completed unsuccessfully in August 2006 and a second sidetrack would be required to achieve commercially viable quantities. The Fund performed an analysis of the expenses associated with the second sidetrack relative to other opportunities in which the Fund may elect to invest. In March 2007, the Fund made the decision to leave the Garden Banks 346/390 well plugged in order to allocate its remaining funds to West Cameron 75. The Fund owns a 27% working interest in Garden Banks 346/390. Dry-hole costs related to Garden Banks 346/390, including plug and abandonment expenses, incurred by the Fund for the year ended December 31, 2006 were approximately $19.9 million. During 2007, the Fund incurred an additional $0.6 million of dry-hole expense related to this property.
.

F-13

 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
   RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC
     
Date: April 23, 2007
 By:  /s/ ROBERT E. SWANSON 
 
 Robert E. Swanson
     Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 (Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature
Capacity
Date
     
 /s/ ROBERT E. SWANSON 
    Chief Executive Officer
April 23, 2007
Robert E. Swanson
    (Principal Executive Officer)
 
     
/s/ KATHLEEN P. MCSHERRY
    Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
April 23, 2007
Kathleen P. McSherry
    (Principal Accounting Officer)
 


 
EX-3.1 2 ex31.txt ARTICLES OF FORMATION EXHIBIT 3.1 Delaware PAGE 1 -------- The First State I, HARRIET SMITH WINDSOR, SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, DO HEREBY CERTIFY "RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC" IS DULY FORMED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE AND IS IN GOOD STANDING AND HAS A LEGAL EXISTENCE SO FAR AS THE RECORDS OF THIS OFFICE SHOW, AS OF THE TENTH DAY OF MAY, A.D. 2006. AND I DO HEREBY FURTHER CERTIFY THAT THE ANNUAL TAXES HAVE NOT BEEN ASSESSED TO DATE. /s/ Harriet Smith Windsor [SEAL] ------------------------- Harriet Smith Windsor, Secretary of State 4080170 8300 AUTHENTICATION: 4736468 060443891 DATE: 05-10-06 Delaware PAGE 1 -------- The First State I, HARRIET SMITH WINDSOR, SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, DO HEREBY CERTIFY THE ATTACHED IS A TRUE AND CORRECT COPY OF THE CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF "RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC", FILED IN THIS OFFICE ON THE EIGHTH DAY OF MARCH, A.D. 2006, AT 8:08 O'CLOCK P.M. /s/ Harriet Smith Windsor [SEAL] ------------------------- Harriet Smith Windsor, Secretary of State 4080170 8100 AUTHENTICATION: 4582059 060230041 DATE: 03-10-06 State of Delaware Secretary of State Division of Corporations Delivered 08:36 PM 03/08/2006 FILED 08:08 PM 03/08/2006 SRV 060230041 - 4080170 FILE State of Delaware Certificate of Correction of a Limited Liability Company to be filed pursuant to Section 18-211(a) 5. The name of the Limited Liability Company is Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC. 6. That a Certificate of Formation was filed by the Secretary of State of Delaware on the 19th Day of December, 2005, and that said Certificate requires correction as permitted by Section 18-211 of the Limited Liability Company Act. 7. The inaccuracy or defect of said Corporation is: Paragraph 2 identifies the wrong registered agent. 8. The Certificate is hereby corrected to read as follows: "1. The name of the limited liability company is Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC. 4. The address of its registered office in the State of Delaware is Christiana Corporate Services, Inc., 1314 King Street, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle. The name of its registered agent at such address is Christiana Corporate Services. 5. Pursuant to Section 18-215(b) of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, 6 Del. C. ss. 18-101 et seq., the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred by, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a particular series of the Company, whether such series is now authorized and existing pursuant to the Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Company or is hereafter authorized and existing pursuant to the Limited Liability Company Agreement, shall be enforceable against the assets associated with that series thereof, and none of the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to the Company generally or any other series thereof shall be enforceable against the assets of such series." IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Certificate of Correction on the 7th day of March, 2006. /s/ Kathleen McSherry --------------------- Kathleen McSherry, Authorized Person Delaware PAGE 1 -------- The First State I, HARRIET SMITH WINDSOR, SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, DO HEREBY CERTIFY THE ATTACHED IS A TRUE AND CORRECT COPY OF THE CERTIFICATE OF FORMATION OF "RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC", FILED IN THIS OFFICE ON THE NINETEENTH DAY OF DECEMBER, A.D. 2005, AT 8:06 O'CLOCK P.M. /s/ Harriet Smith Windsor [SEAL] ------------------------- Harriet Smith Windsor, Secretary of State 4080170 8100 AUTHENTICATION: 4390551 051039145 DATE: 12-20-05 State of Delaware Secretary of State Division of Corporations Delivered 08:15 PM 12/19/2005 FILED 08:06 PM 12/19/2005 SRV 051039145 - 4080170 FILE CERTIFICATE OF FORMATION OF RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC 1. The name of the limited liability company is Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC. 2. The address of its registered office in the State of Delaware is Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19801. The name of its registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company. 3. Pursuant to Section 18-215(b) of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, 6 Del.C. ss. 18-101 et seq., the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred by, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a particular series of the Company, whether such series is now authorized and existing pursuant to the Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Company or is hereafter authorized and existing pursuant to the Limited Liability Company Agreement, shall be enforceable against the assets associated with that series thereof, and none of the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to the Company generally or any other series thereof shall be enforceable against the assets of the such series. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Certificate of Formation of Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC this 13th day of December, 2006. By /s/ Kathleen McSherry --------------------- Kathleen McSherry, Authorized Person CERTIFICATE OF FORMATION OF RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC 1. The name of the limited liability company is Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC. 2. The address of its registered office in the State of Delaware is Christiana Bank & Trust Company, 1314 King Street, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle. The name of its registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company. 3. Pursuant to Section 18-215(b) of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, 6 Del. C. ss. 18-101 et seq., the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred by, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a particular series of the Company, whether such series is now authorized and existing pursuant to the Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Company or is hereafter authorized and existing pursuant to the Limited Liability Company Agreement, shall be enforceable against the assets associated with that series thereof, and none of the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to the Company generally or any other series thereof shall be enforceable against the assets of the such series. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Certificate of Formation of Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC this 13th day of December, 2005. By Kathleen McSherry ----------------- Kathleen McSherry, Authorized Person EX-3.2 3 ex32.txt LLC OPERATING AGREEMENT EXHIBIT 3.2 LLC OPERATING AGREEMENT LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT OF RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC THIS LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") is made and entered as of February 1, 2006 by and among Ridgewood Energy Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("Manager"), and the Investors as defined below. WHEREAS, the Manager has formed and the Investors have agreed to become members of RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the "Fund") and the Manager has caused a certificate of formation to be executed and filed with the Delaware Secretary of State pursuant to Section 18-201 of the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act ("Delaware Act"). NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual terms, covenants and conditions contained herein, the parties agree as follows: ARTICLE 1: ORGANIZATION AND POWERS 1.1 Name. The name of the Fund is "RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC". The Manager may conduct the business of the Fund or hold its property under other names as necessary to comply with law or to further the affairs of the Fund, as it deems advisable in its sole discretion. This Agreement, the Certificate and any other documents, and any amendments of any of the foregoing, required by law or appropriate, shall be recorded in all offices or jurisdictions where the Fund shall determine such recording to be necessary or advisable for the conduct of the business of the Fund. 1.2 Purpose (a) The Fund's purpose is to acquire, drill, construct and develop natural gas and oil prospects, including infrastructure projects, in shallow and deep offshore waters in the Gulf of Mexico ("Projects"). In addition to these acquisition and development activities, the Fund may participate in pre-development and other preparatory activities for the Projects, including without limitation, evaluation, investigation, due diligence activities, permitting, and other development activities. The Fund may effect any of these transactions on its own, together with Affiliates, or together with non-Affiliates, and may do so with the encouragement or consent of management or controlling equity holders of the entity it invests in or without such consent. (b) In carrying out its purposes, the Fund has the power to perform any act that is necessary, advisable, customary or incidental thereto. It may invest in a passive or active manner in, develop, plan, construct, manage, operate, advise, transfer or dispose of, any facility or interest and produce or market products or services. The Fund may act independently, through subsidiary organizations, in cooperation with others or through business entities in which others have interests whether as principal, agent, partner, owner, member, associate, joint venturer or otherwise. When related to its purposes, the Fund may also guarantee obligations of other persons, supply collateral for those obligations or for the issuance of letters of credit or surety bonds benefiting other persons, enter into leases as lessor or lessee or acquire goods or services for the use or benefit of other persons. (c) Without the prior affirmative vote or written consent of Investors whose aggregate Capital Contributions constitute more than 50% of all Capital Contributions to the Fund at such time, the Fund will not take any action that would cause it to be required to register as an "investment company" subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and will not hold itself out as an "investment company." (d) The Fund may make interim investments of funds and may take all action necessary, advisable or appropriate to maintain its existence, enforce this Agreement and its rights or the rights of the Shareholders and comply with legal requirements. 1.3 Relationships among Shareholders; No Partnership. As among the Fund, the Shareholders and the officers and agents of the Fund, a limited liability company and not a partnership is created by this Agreement and the Certificate irrespective of whether any different status may be held to exist for tax purposes. The Shareholders hold only the relationship of members of the Fund with only such rights as are conferred on them by this Agreement and the Delaware Act. 1.4 Organization Certificates. The parties hereto have or shall cause to be executed and filed (a) the Certificate, (b) such certificates as may be required by so-called "assumed name" laws in each jurisdiction in which the Fund has a place of business, (c) all such other certificates, notices, statements or other instruments required by law or appropriate for the formation and operation of a Delaware limited liability company in all jurisdictions where the Fund may elect to do business, and (d) any amendments of any of the foregoing required by law or otherwise appropriate. 1.5 Principal Place of Business. The principal place of business of the Fund shall be 1314 King Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801, or such other place as the Fund may designate from time to time by notice. The Fund may maintain 2 such other offices at such other places as the Fund may determine to be in the best interests of the Fund. 1.6 Admission of Investors. (a) The Fund shall have the unrestricted right at all times prior to the Termination Date to admit to the Fund such Investors as it may deem advisable. One Investor Share will be issued for each accepted subscription for $150,000 of Capital Contributions (before discounts or incentives) and fractional Shares may be issued in the Manager's sole discretion for proportional amounts of Capital Contributions. After the Termination Date, Section 9.6 shall govern the sale of Shares or different classes of Shares. (b) The aggregate subscriptions received for Capital Contributions of the Investors and accepted by the Fund will not exceed 1,000 Investor Shares ($150,000,000), immediately following the admission of such Investors. However, at any time prior to the Termination Date, the Manager in its sole discretion may increase the number of Investor Shares to 1,335 Investor Shares or more. (c) (i) If, by the close of business on July 31, 2006, Investor Shares representing Investor Capital Contributions in the aggregate amount of at least $1,500,000 have not been sold, the Fund shall be immediately dissolved at the expense of the Manager and all subscription funds shall be forthwith returned to the respective subscribers together with any interest earned thereon. (ii) If the Fund withdraws the Offering after the Fund has received Investor Shares representing Investor Capital Contributions in the aggregate amount of at least $1,500,000, but before the Termination Date, the Fund shall be immediately dissolved at the expense of the Manager and all subscription funds, net of third party fees, shall be returned to the respective subscribers together with any interest earned thereon. For purposes of this Section 1.6(c) (ii), third party fees do not include any fees paid to the Manager or its affiliates. (iii) All funds received from such subscriptions until used by the Fund will be deposited in the Fund's name in an escrow account at a commercial bank. (d) Each Investor shall execute a Subscription Agreement and will make a Capital Contribution to the Fund equal to $150,000 per Investor Share. The Fund may accept or reject any subscription in whole or in part in its sole discretion. Each Investor who executes an accepted Subscription Agreement shall be admitted to the Fund as a Shareholder. (e) The Capital Contribution for Investor Shares must be paid to the Fund at the time of subscription. 1.7 Term of the Fund. For all purposes, this Agreement shall be effective on and after its date and the Fund shall continue in existence until December 3 31, 2045 at which time the Fund shall terminate unless sooner terminated under any other provision of this Agreement. 1.8 Powers of the Fund. Without limiting any powers granted to the Fund under this Agreement or applicable law, in carrying out its purposes the Fund has all powers granted to a limited liability company organized under the Delaware Act, including, without limitation: (a) To borrow money or to loan money and to pledge or mortgage any and all Fund Property, to execute and provide guarantees, to execute conveyances, mortgages, security agreements, assignments and any other contract or agreement deemed proper and in furtherance of the Fund's purposes and affecting it or any Fund Property; provided, however, that the Fund shall not loan money to the Manager, or any other Managing Person; (b) To pay all indebtedness, taxes and assessments due or to be due with regard to Fund Property and to give or receive notices, reports or other communications arising out of or in connection with the Fund's business or Fund Property; (c) To collect all monies due the Fund; (d) To establish, maintain and supervise the deposit of funds or Fund Property into, and the withdrawals of the same from, Fund bank accounts or securities accounts; (e) To employ accountants to prepare required tax returns and provide other professional services and to pay their fees at the Fund's expense; (f) To make any election relating to adjustments in basis on behalf of the Fund or the Shareholders which is or may be permitted under the Code, particularly with respect to Sections 743, 754 and 771 of the Code; (g) To employ legal counsel for Fund purposes or for the Manager, or permit the Manager itself to employ legal counsel, for Fund and other purposes permitted hereunder and to pay their fees and expenses at the Fund's expense; and (h) To invest in any asset consistent with the objectives of the Fund as described in the Memorandum. ARTICLE 2: DEFINITIONS The following terms, whenever used herein, shall have the meanings assigned to them in this Article 2 unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 4 References to sections and articles without further qualification denote sections and articles of this Agreement. The singular shall include the plural and the masculine gender shall include the feminine, and vice versa, as the context requires, and the terms "person" and "he" and their derivations whenever used herein shall include natural persons and entities, including, without limitation, corporations, partnerships, limited liability companies and trusts, unless the context indicates otherwise. "Act"---The federal Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. "Adjusted Capital Account Deficit"--- with respect to any Shareholder, the deficit balance, if any, in such Shareholder's Capital Account as of the end of the relevant Fiscal Year, with the following adjustments: A credit to such Capital Account of any amounts which such Shareholder is obligated to restore pursuant to any provision of this Agreement or is deemed obligated to restore pursuant to the penultimate sentences of Regulations Section 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5); and A debit from such Capital Account for the items described in Sections 1.704- 1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(5) and 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(6) of the Regulations. The foregoing definition of "Adjusted Capital Account Deficit" is intended to comply with the provisions of Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) of the Regulations. "Affiliate"---An "Affiliate" of, or person "Affiliated" with, a specified person is a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the person specified. "Agreement"---This Limited Liability Company Agreement, as further amended from time to time. "Available Cash from Capital Transactions"-- The amount by which (a) the sum of (i) the total cash proceeds received by the Fund in connection with Capital Transactions (other than Available Cash From Temporary Investments), plus (ii) the proceeds of any insurance payments or financing transactions that are not otherwise used to construct, replace or repair Fund Property, exceed (b) the amount that the Manager determines is necessary to be retained by the Fund (i) to satisfy any debt or other obligation of the Fund that is secured by, attributable to or otherwise connected with the Fund Property disposed of (including Shareholder loans, if any) and (ii) to establish reasonable reserves for actual or contingent obligations of the Fund. "Available Cash from Operations"--- The total cash received by the Fund from operation of the business in the ordinary course (but excluding any Available Cash from Capital Transactions, Available Cash from Temporary Investments, and any Investor Capital Contributions), less (i) all operating expenses and other cash expenditures, and (ii) such reserves for operating 5 expenses, debt service and other actual or contingent obligations and liabilities of the Fund as the Manager may determine are necessary or advisable. "Available Cash from Temporary Investments" --- The total cash received by the Fund from Temporary Investments. "Capital Account"---The amount representing a Shareholder's capital interest in the Fund, as determined under Article 6 hereof. "Capital Contributions"---The aggregate capital contributions of the Investors accepted by the Fund in payment of the purchase price of one or more whole or fractional Investor Shares, minus any return of capital by the Fund pursuant to Section 5.3. "Capital Transactions" means a transaction involving, related to or in connection with the acquisition, transfer, injury, distribution, condemnation, or other disposition of Fund property or interest therein (other than Temporary Investments) that is made other than in the ordinary course of the Fund's business, specifically including but not limited to, transactions involving, related to or in connection with the drilling and development of Projects (i.e., natural gas or oil wells). "Certificate"---The Certificate of Formation of the Fund, as amended from time to time. "Code"---The United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, or any corresponding provision or provisions of any succeeding law and, to the extent applicable, any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. "Delaware Act"---The Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, as amended from time to time (currently codified as Title 6, Chapter 18 of the Delaware Code). "Dry-Hole Costs" --- The cost of drilling a well. "Escrow Date" --- The later of the dates on which the Fund (i) accepts Investor subscriptions of at least $1,500,000 in the aggregate, and (ii) has in deposit at least $1,500,000 in collected funds in escrow under Section 1.6(c), provided, however, the Escrow Date shall not be later than July 31, 2006. "Fiscal Year"---The calendar year ending December 31st. "Fund"---Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC, a Delaware limited Liability Company. "Fund Property" --- All property owned or acquired by the Fund. "Investor"---A purchaser of whole or fractional Investor Shares (which will include the Manager to the extent it acquires Investor Shares for its own account) whose subscription is accepted by the Fund. "Investor Share" --- An Investor Share in the Fund representing a required Capital Contribution (before any discounts or waivers of fees) of $150,000. "Management Share" - The equity interest in the Net Profits and Net Losses of the Fund and in distributions granted to Ridgewood as compensation for organizing and sponsoring the Fund and acting as its Manager. 6 "Managing Person"---Any of the following: (a) Fund officers, agents, consultants or Affiliates, the Manager and (b) any directors, trustees, officers, agents or Affiliates of any organizations named in (a), above, when acting on behalf of the Fund. "Manager"-- Ridgewood Energy Corporation and any successor, substitute or different Manager under this Agreement. "Memorandum"---The Confidential Memorandum dated February 1, 2006 of the Fund, as the same may be amended or supplemented from time to time. "Net Profits" or "Net Losses"---For a given fiscal period, an amount equal to the taxable income or loss for such period, determined in accordance with Code Section 703(a) (for this purpose, all items of income, gain, expense, loss, deduction or credit required to be stated separately pursuant to Code Section 703 (a)(1) shall be included in taxable income or loss), with the following adjustments: (a) Any income that is exempt from federal income tax and not otherwise taken into account in computing Net Profits or Net Losses pursuant to this definition and any income and gain described in Regulation Section 1.704-1 (b)(2)(iv)(g) shall be added to such taxable income or loss; (b) Any expenditures described in Code Section 705 (a)(2)(B) or treated as Code Section 705(a)(2)(B) expenditures pursuant to Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(i), and not otherwise taken into account in computing Net Profits or Net Losses pursuant to this definition shall be subtracted from such taxable income or loss; (c) In the event of a distribution in kind under Section 8.4, the amount of any unrealized gain or loss deemed to have been realized on the property distributed shall be added or subtracted from such taxable income or loss; and (d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this definition, any items that are specially allocated pursuant to Sections 4.2 and 7.4 shall not be taken into account in computing Net Profits or Net Losses. "Net Profits from Capital Transactions" or "Net Losses from Capital Transactions" - means for any given fiscal period, an amount equal to the Net Profits or Net Losses, as the case may be, resulting from Capital Transactions "Net Profits from Operations" or "Net Losses from Operations" --- For a given fiscal period, an amount equal to the Net Profits or Net Losses, as the case may be, from operation of the business in the ordinary course (but excluding Net Profits from Capital Transactions, Net Losses from Capital Transactions, and Net Profits from Temporary Investments). "Net Profits from Temporary Investments" --- For a given fiscal period, an amount equal to the Net Profits attributable to Temporary Investments. "1940 Act"---The federal Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. "Non-recourse Deductions"---Shall have the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(1) and 1.704-2(c). "Non-recourse Liability"--- Shall have the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.752-1(a)(2). 7 "Partnership Minimum Gain" --- Shall have the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-(2)(b)(2) and 1.704-2(d). "Placement Agent"---Ridgewood Securities Corporation, a Delaware corporation, or any successor. "Projects" a natural gas or oil project in which the Fund may invest. "Regulation"---A final or temporary Treasury regulation promulgated under the Code. "Ridgewood Energy Corporation" or "Ridgewood" -- Ridgewood Energy Corporation, a Delaware corporation. "Salvage Fund" --- As used herein shall have the meaning set forth in Section 9.6. "Shareholder" --- The Investors and the owner of the Management Share. The Shareholders are the members of the Fund. "Share"---A Shareholder's interest as a member of the Fund. "Subscription Agreement"---The form of subscription agreement (contained in Exhibit D to the Memorandum, which is separately bound) which each prospective Investor must complete and execute in order to subscribe for an interest in the Fund. "Supplemental Offering" --- A supplemental offering of a class or series of Shares by the Fund at a date to be determined and as further described in Section 9.8. "Temporary Investments" --- The investments by the Company in: (a) securities that are obligations of or guaranteed by the U.S. government or an instrumentality thereof; (b) domestic, corporate or governmental indebtedness rated Aa or Prime-1 (or the equivalent thereof) or better by Moody's Investors Service Inc. or A-I (or its equivalent) or better by Standard & Poor's Corporation; (c) certificates of deposit, money market accounts, savings accounts, checking accounts or any combination thereof in banks which have total assets of $100,000,000 or more (or in banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC") which have total assets of less than $100,000,000 if the amount of the Company's funds deposited in such bank is fully insured by the FDIC); or (d) any other securities that the Manager determines are appropriate for short term investments. "Termination Date" --- The date on which the initial offering of Investor Shares is ended, as set or extended from time to time by the Fund in its sole discretion, provided that the Termination Date may not occur before the Escrow Date, and that if the Offering is withdrawn, the Termination Date is the date the Fund elects to do so. In no event shall the Termination Date extend beyond ninety (90) days beyond July 31, 2006. "Working Interest" --- For purposes of this Agreement, a Working Interest is an interest under a natural gas well, which carries with it the obligation to pay the costs of the operation of such well. The holders of the entire Working Interest bear 100% of the costs of exploring, drilling, developing and operating the well and are entitled to receive revenues derived from the natural gas 8 production of the well which remain after deduction of the cost of processing, transporting and marketing such natural gas, including royalty payments. ARTICLE 3: LIABILITIES 3.1 Liability of Investors in General. No Investor shall be personally liable for any debt, obligation, or liability of the Fund whether arising in contract, tort or otherwise, in any amount beyond the unpaid amount, if any, of the Capital Contribution subscribed for by him, solely by reason of being a Shareholder of the Fund. 3.2 Liability of Investors to Fund and Shareholders. No Investor in his capacity as such shall be liable, responsible or accountable in damages or otherwise to any other Shareholder or the Fund for any claim, demand, liability, cost, damage or cause of action of any nature whatsoever that arises out of or that is incidental to the management of the Fund's affairs. 3.3 Liability of Managing Persons to Third Persons, Fund and Shareholders. No Managing Person shall be liable to any person other than the Fund or a Shareholder for any obligation of the Fund. No Managing Person shall have liability to the Fund or to any Shareholder for any loss suffered by the Fund that arises out of any action or inaction of the Managing Person if the Managing Person, in good faith, determined that such course of conduct was in the Fund's best interest and such course of conduct did not constitute bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Managing Person. Nothing in this Section 3.3, however, shall limit or supersede any contractual or other defenses a Managing Person may have against the Fund or a Shareholder. 3.4 Indemnification of Managing Persons. (a) Each Managing Person shall be indemnified from Fund Property against any losses, liabilities, judgments, expenses and amounts paid in settlement of any claims sustained by him in connection with the Fund or claims by the Fund, in right of the Fund or by or in right of any Shareholder. The Manager shall have full and complete discretion to authorize indemnification of any Managing Person consistent with the requirements of section 3.3 and other sections of this Agreement at any time, regardless of whether a claim is pending or threatened and regardless of any conflict of interest between the Manager and the Fund that may arise in regard to the decision to indemnify a Managing Person. (b) Expenses, including attorneys' fees, incurred by a Managing Person in defending any action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Fund in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by the recipient to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that the Managing Person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Fund under this Agreement or otherwise and if it is reasonable to make the advance. 9 (c) Rights to indemnification and advances of expenses under this Agreement are not exclusive of any other rights to indemnification or advances to which a Managing Person may be entitled, both as to action in a representative capacity or as to action in another capacity taken while representing another. The restrictions of this Article 3 do not apply to directors and officers' insurance or any other insurance or bond by the Fund or by a Managing Person on behalf of the Fund, nor do they apply to any claim against or proceeds of that insurance or bond. (d) Each Managing Person shall be entitled to rely upon the opinion or advice of or any statement or computation by any counsel, engineer, accountant, investment banker or other person retained by such Managing Person or the Fund that he believes to be within such person's professional or expert competence. In so doing, he or she will be deemed to be acting in good faith and with the requisite degree of care unless he or she has actual knowledge concerning the matter in question that would cause such reliance to be unwarranted. ARTICLE 4: ALLOCATION OF PROFIT AND LOSS 4.1 General. The rules set forth below in this Article 4 shall apply for the purposes of determining each Shareholder's allocable share of the items of income, gain, loss and expense of the Fund comprising Net Profits or Net Losses of the Fund for each Fiscal Year, determining special allocations of other items of income, gain, loss and expense, and adjusting the balance of each Shareholder's Capital Account to reflect the aforementioned general and special allocations. For each Fiscal Year, the special allocations in Section 4.2 and Section 7.4 hereof shall be made immediately prior to the general allocations of Section 4.2 hereof. Allocations to the Investors shall be made in accordance with their relative Investor Shares or in accordance with allocations applicable to a specific class or series, if any, offered pursuant to Section 9.8. 4.2 General Allocations. (a) General. (i) Net Profits from Operations. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 4.2 and subject to Article 7, 8 and 9 hereof, Net Profits from Operations shall be allocated in the following amounts and in the following priorities: (A) First, to each of the Shareholders, in the amount of and in proportion to the excess, if any, of: (i) the aggregate Net Losses allocated to each such Shareholder pursuant to Section 4.2(a)(ii) (in reverse order in which such Net Losses were previously allocated) for the current and all prior Fiscal 10 Years; minus (ii) the aggregate Net Profits from Operations allocated to such Shareholder pursuant to this Section 4.2(a)(i)(A) for all prior Fiscal Years; (B) Second, to the extent that distributions of cash are made pursuant to Sections 8.1 and 9.7, to each of the Shareholders, in the amount of and in a manner consistent with the distributions made pursuant to Sections 8.1 and 9.7; and (C) Finally, 85% to the Investors, pro rata, and 15% to the Manager. (ii) Net Losses from Operations. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 4.2 and subject to Article 7, 8 and 9 hereof, Net Losses from Operations shall be allocated 85% to the Investors, pro rata, and 15% to the Manager. (iii) Net Profits from Capital Transactions. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 4.2 and subject to Article 7, 8 and 9 hereof, Net Profits from Capital Transactions shall be allocated in the following amounts and in the following priorities: (A) First, to each of the Shareholders, in the amount of and in proportion to the excess, if any, of: (i) the aggregate Net Losses allocated to each such Shareholder pursuant to Section 4.2(a)(iv) (in reverse order in which such Net Losses were previously allocated) for the current and all prior Fiscal Years; minus (ii) the aggregate Net Profits from Operations allocated to such Shareholder pursuant to this Section 4.2(a)(iii)(A) for all prior Fiscal Years; (B) Second, to the extent that distributions of cash are made pursuant to Section 8.2, to each of the Shareholders, in the amount of and in a manner consistent with the distributions made pursuant to Section 8.2; and (C) Finally, to the extent that distributions of cash is not made pursuant to Section 8.2, to each of the Shareholders, in the amount of and in a manner consistent with the distributions which would have been made pursuant to Section 8.2 if distributions had been made pursuant to Section 8.2. (iv) Net Losses from Capital Transactions. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 4.2 and subject to Article 7, 8 and 9 hereof, Net Losses from Capital Transactions shall be allocated 99% to the Investors, pro rata, and 1% to the Manager. (v) Net Profits from Temporary Investments. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 4.2 and subject to Article 7, 8 and 9 hereof, Net 11 Profits from Temporary Investments shall be allocated 99% to the Investors, pro rata, and 1% to the Manager. (b) Loss Limitation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 4.2, the amount of Net Losses allocated to any Shareholder shall not exceed the maximum amount of such items that can be so allocated without causing such Shareholder to have an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit at the end of any Fiscal Year. All such items in excess of the limitation set forth in the previous sentence shall be allocated first to Shareholders who would not have an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit, pro rata, until no Shareholder would be entitled to any further allocation, and then to the Manager. (c) No Deficit Restoration Obligation. Except as provided in Section 14.6, at no time during the term of the Fund or upon dissolution and liquidation thereof shall a Shareholder with a negative balance in his, her or its Capital Account have any obligation to the Fund or the other Shareholders to restore such negative balance, except as may be required by law. (d) Items. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, all items of Fund income, gain, expense, loss, and deduction for a particular Fiscal Year and any other allocations not otherwise provided for shall be divided among the Shareholders in the same proportions as they share Net Profits or Net Losses, as the case may be, for such Fiscal Year. (e) Tax Reporting. The Shareholders shall be bound by the provisions of this Agreement in reporting their shares of Fund Net Profits, Net Losses and other items for income tax purposes. (f) Allocation to Fiscal Periods. The Fund may use any permissible method under Code Section 706(d) and the Regulations thereunder to determine Net Profits, Net Losses and other items on a daily, monthly or other basis for any Fiscal Year in which there is a change in a Shareholder's interest in the Fund. (g) Capital Account Regulations. The definition of "Capital Account" and certain other provisions of this Agreement are intended to comply with Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b) and 1.704-2 and shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such Regulations. These Regulations contain additional rules governing maintenance of Capital Accounts that may not have been provided for in this Agreement because, in part, these rules may relate to transactions that are not expected to occur and in some instances are prohibited by this Agreement. If the Fund after consultation with its regular accountants or tax counsel determines that it is prudent to modify the manner in which the Capital Accounts, or any debits or credits thereto, are computed in order to comply with such Regulations, or to avoid the effects of unanticipated events that might otherwise cause this Agreement not to comply with such Regulations, 12 the Fund shall make such modification without the need of prior notice to or consent of any Shareholder; so long as no such modification is likely to have a material effect on the amounts distributable to any Shareholder. 4.3 [INTENTIONALLY OMITTED.] 4.4 Tax Allocations. The tax allocations made pursuant to this Section 4.4 shall be solely for tax purposes and shall not affect any Shareholder's Capital Account or share of non-tax allocations or distributions under this Agreement. (a) Section 704(c) Allocations. In the event any property of the Fund is credited to the Capital Account of a Shareholder at a value other than its tax basis, the allocations of taxable income, gain, loss and deductions with respect to such property shall be made in a manner that will comply with Code Section 704(b) and 704(c) and the Regulations thereunder. The Fund, in the sole and absolute discretion of the Manager, may make, or not make, "curative" or "remedial" allocations (within the meaning of the Regulations under Code Section 704(c) including, but not limited to: (i) "curative" allocations which offset the effect of the "ceiling rule" for a prior Fiscal Year (within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-3(c)(3)(ii)); and (ii) "curative" allocations from dispositions of contributed property (within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-3(c)(3(iii)(B)). (b) Depreciation Recapture. To the maximum extent permitted by the Code, income realized by the Fund in the nature of recapture of depreciation or other cost recovery allowances (other than of Non-recourse Deductions or Shareholder Non-recourse Deductions) shall be allocated to Shareholders in the same proportions as depreciation allowances were allocated to them. ARTICLE 5: CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF SHAREHOLDERS 5.1 Additional Capital Contributions. Other than the full payment of a Shareholder's Capital Contribution, no Shareholder of the Fund shall be required to make additional contributions to the Fund. However, the Manager may from time to time and within its sole discretion seek additional capital contributions from Shareholders, and others, through a supplemental offering, as described in Section 9.6 hereof. No Shareholder shall be required to participate in such supplemental offering and the failure to do so shall have no impact, adverse or otherwise, on such Shareholder's rights and obligations under this Agreement. 13 5.2 Manager's Capital Contributions. The Manager in its capacity as Manager shall only be required to make Capital Contributions in accordance with Section 14.6. 5.3. Returns of Capital. If the Fund for any reason at any time does not find it necessary or appropriate to retain or expend all Capital Contributions, the Manager in its sole discretion may cause the Fund to return any or all such excess Capital Contributions ratably to Investors. The Investors will be notified of the source of the payment. The Fund is not obligated to return the amount of any fees charged in connection with the Investor Capital Contribution and the return of an Investor Capital Contribution is net of any fees so charged. ARTICLE 6: CAPITAL ACCOUNTS 6.1 Capital Accounts. A Capital Account shall be established and maintained for each Shareholder and shall be adjusted as follows: (a) The Capital Account of each Shareholder shall be increased by: (1) The amount of such Shareholder's Capital Contributions to the Fund; (2) The amount of Net Profits allocated to such Shareholder pursuant to Articles 4 and 7; (3) The fair market value of property contributed by the Shareholder to the Fund (net of liabilities secured by the contributed property that the Fund under Code Section 752 is considered to have assumed or taken subject to); (4) Any items in the nature of income or gain that are specially allocated to such Shareholder or adjusted pursuant to Sections 4.2 and 7.4; and (b) The Capital Account of each Shareholder shall be decreased by: (1) The amount of Net Losses allocated to such Shareholder pursuant to Articles 4 and 7; (2) All amounts of money and the fair market value of property paid or distributed to such Shareholder pursuant to the terms hereof (other than payments made with respect to loans made by such Shareholder to the Fund), net of liabilities secured by that property that the Shareholder under Code Section 752 is considered to have assumed or taken subject to; (3) Any items in the nature of expenses or losses that are specially allocated to such Shareholder pursuant to Sections 4.2 and 7.4; and 14 (4) Any return of a Capital Contribution under Section 5.3. 6.2 Calculation of Capital Account. Whenever it is necessary to determine the Capital Account of any Shareholder, the Capital Account of such Shareholder shall be determined in accordance with the rules of Regulation Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv) and 1.704-2 (as amended from time to time). If necessary to comply with the Code, an adjusted Capital Account may be employed. 6.3 Effect of Loans. Loans by any Shareholder to the Fund shall not be considered contributions to the capital of the Fund. 6.4 Withdrawal of Capital. No Shareholder shall be entitled to withdraw any part of his Capital Account or to receive any distribution from the Fund, except as specifically provided herein. 6.5 Capital Accounts of New Shareholders. Any person who shall acquire Shares in accordance with the terms and conditions of Article 13 of this Agreement shall have the Capital Account of his transferor after adjustments reflecting the transfer, if any, except as specifically provided herein. 6.6 Limitation. Neither the Manager nor any other Managing Person shall be required or shall have any personal liability to fund any or all of any negative Capital Account of any Investor, including without limitation Investor Capital Contributions. ARTICLE 7: ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALLOCATIONS 7.1 Determination of Net Profits and Loss. At the end of each Fiscal Year, and at such other times as the Fund shall deem necessary or appropriate, each item of Fund income, gain, expense, loss, deduction and credit shall be determined for the period then ending and shall be allocated to the Capital Account of each Shareholder in accordance with this Agreement. With respect to the admission of Shareholders, the Fund will use the "interim closing date" method of accounting as permitted by the Regulations. 7.2 Determination of Net Profits and Loss in the Event of Transfer. In the event that a Shareholder transfers his interest in the Fund in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the determination and allocation described in Section 7.1 shall be made as of the date of such transfer and thereafter all such allocations shall be made to the account of the transferee of such interest; provided, however, that the Fund may determine that such determination and allocation shall be pro rata to the Shareholders based upon the actual number of days in such Fiscal Year that each such Shareholder held an interest in the Fund. In the event of a pro rata determination and allocation, the 15 foregoing provisions of this Section relating to a pro rata determination and allocation will not be applicable to the distributive shares, with respect to the Shares transferred, of items of Fund income, gain, expense, loss, deduction and credit arising out of (a) the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all Fund Property, or (b) other extraordinary nonrecurring items, all of which will be allocated to the holder of such Fund interest on the date such items of Fund income, gain, expense, loss, deduction and credit are earned or incurred. 7.3 Allocation of Net Profits and Net Losses. All items of income, gain, expense, loss, deduction and credit of the Fund from operations and in the ordinary course of operation of Fund Property shall be allocated among the Shareholders in accordance with Article 4. 7.4 Qualified Income Offset and Other Allocation Provisions. (a) If there is a net decrease in "partnership minimum gain" (within the meaning of Regulation Section 1.704-2(d)) during a fiscal period, then there shall be allocated to each Shareholder items of income and gain for such fiscal period (and, if necessary, subsequent fiscal periods) in proportion to, and to the extent of, an amount equal to the portion of such Shareholder's share of the net decrease in partnership minimum gain during such fiscal period that is allocable to the disposition of Fund Property subject to one or more Non-recourse Liabilities of the Fund. However, such allocation shall be reduced to the extent (i) the Shareholder contributes capital to the Fund that is used to repay the Non-recourse Liability and (ii) the Shareholder's share of the net decrease in partnership minimum gain is caused by the repayment. The foregoing is intended to be a "minimum gain chargeback" provision as described in Regulation Section 1.704-2(f), and shall be interpreted and applied in all respects in accordance with such Regulation. If there is a net decrease in the minimum gain attributable to a "partner non-recourse debt" (as defined in Regulation Section 1.704-2(b) (4)) for a fiscal period, then, in addition to the amounts, if any, allocated pursuant to the first sentence of this Subsection 7.4 (a), there shall be allocated to each Shareholder with a share of such minimum gain attributable to a "partner non-recourse debt" items of income and gain for such fiscal period (and, if necessary, subsequent fiscal periods) in proportion to, and to the extent of, an amount equal to the portion of such Shareholder's share of the net decrease in the minimum gain attributable to a partner non-recourse debt during such fiscal period that is allocable to the disposition of Fund Property subject to one or more Non-recourse Liabilities of the Fund. However, such amount shall be reduced to the extent (i) the Shareholder contributes capital to the Fund that is used to repay the Non-recourse Liability and (ii) the Shareholder's share of the net decrease in the minimum gain attributable to a partner non-recourse debt is caused by the repayment. (b) If during any fiscal period of the Fund a Shareholder unexpectedly receives an adjustment, allocation or distribution described in Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) or (6), which causes or increases a deficit 16 balance in the Shareholder's Capital Account, there shall be allocated to the Shareholder items of income and gain (consisting of a pro rata portion of each item of Fund income, including gross income, and gain for such period) in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate such deficit balance as quickly as possible. The foregoing is intended to be a "qualified income offset" provision as described in Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d), and shall be interpreted and applied in all respects in accordance with such Regulation. (c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Article 4 or this Article 7, any item of deduction, loss or Code Section 705(a)(2)(B) expenditure that is attributable to "partner non-recourse debt" shall be allocated in accordance with the manner in which the Shareholders bear the economic risk of loss for such debt (determined in accordance with Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)). (d) To the extent that any item of income, gain, loss or deduction has been specially allocated pursuant to paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of this Section 7.4 ("Required Allocations") and such allocation is inconsistent with how the same amount otherwise would have been allocated under Sections 4.1 and 4.2, subsequent allocations under Sections 4.1and 4.2 shall be made, to the extent possible, in a manner consistent with paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Section 7.4 which negates as rapidly as possible the effect of all previous Required Allocations. (e) Solely for federal, state and local income and franchise tax purposes and not for book or Capital Account purposes, income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to property carried on the Fund's books at a value other than its tax basis shall be allocated (i) in the case of property contributed in kind, in accordance with the requirements of Code Section 704(c) and such Regulations as may be promulgated thereunder from time to time, and (ii) in the case of other property, in accordance with the principles of Code Section 704(c) and the Regulations thereunder, in each case, as incorporated among the requirements of the relevant provisions of the Regulations under Code Section 704(b). ARTICLE 8: DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS 8.1 Distributions of Available Cash from Operations. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, including Section 9.7, the Fund shall make distributions to Shareholders of Available Cash from Operations with respect to each Fiscal Year in the manner and at the time determined by the Manager. The amount of Available Cash From Operations determined to be available, if any, other than amounts determined by the Manager to be distributable as an Early Investment Incentive pursuant to Section 9.7, will be distributed 15% to the Manager and 85% to the Investors. 17 8.2 Distribution of Available Cash from Capital Transactions. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, including Section 9.7, the Fund shall make distributions to Shareholders of Available Cash from Capital Transactions with respect to each Fiscal Year, in the manner and at the times determined by the Manager, as follows: (i) Before Investors have received total distributions (including distributions from Available Cash From Operations but excluding distributions attributable to the Early Investment Incentive and distributions of Available Cash from Temporary Investments) equal to their Capital Contributions, 99% of Available Cash From Capital Transactions will be distributed to Investors and 1% to the Manager. (ii) After Investors have received total distributions (including distributions from Available Cash From Operations but excluding distributions attributable to the Early Investment Incentive and distributions of Available Cash from Temporary Investments) equal to their Capital Contributions, 85% of Available Cash From Capital transactions will be distributed to Investors and 15% to the Manager. 8.3 Interim Distributions Based on Estimates. To the extent that the Fund makes interim distributions prior to the end of any Fiscal Year, such distributions are provisional and may be made based upon estimates of the Manager of the results of operations of the Fund for the balance of the Fiscal Year, subject to a true-up at the end of such Fiscal Year. To the extent that the Fund subsequently determines that any amounts were improperly distributed, and not repaid to the Fund by any Shareholder, the Fund may take such action as the Manager shall determine to recover such amounts, including, without limitation, to offset any amounts of future distributions to such Shareholder to satisfy such repayment obligation. 8.4 Distribution in Kind. If the Fund elects to make a distribution in kind of any of the assets of the Fund, it shall give notice of its election to each Shareholder, specifying the nature and value of all such assets to be distributed in kind, the deadline for giving notice of refusal to accept a distribution in kind and to the extent advisable, the estimated time necessary for the Fund to liquidate assets if those assets are not distributed and other information as required. In making such election, the Fund shall not arbitrarily value assets to be distributed in kind nor shall it specify assets to be distributed in kind in such a manner as to unreasonably advantage or disadvantage any Shareholder. A Shareholder may refuse to accept a distribution in kind by giving written notice to the Fund not later than 30 days after the effective date of the Fund's notice of distribution. If a Shareholder refuses a distribution in kind, the Fund shall retain in the Fund's name the portion of the assets which were to be distributed in kind and which were to be allocated to the refusing Shareholder (the "Retained Assets") and shall liquidate 18 the Retained Assets in accordance with this Agreement. Upon liquidation of the Retained Assets, the sum realized shall be distributed to the Shareholder refusing distribution in kind in full discharge of the Fund's obligation to distribute the Retained Assets. In determining the Capital Accounts of the Shareholders, a distribution of assets in kind shall be considered a sale of the property distributed so that any unrealized gain or loss with respect to such property shall be deemed to have been realized and allocated among the Shareholders in accordance with Article 4. 8.5 Amounts Withheld. All amounts withheld pursuant to the Code or any provision of any state or local tax law with respect to any payment or distribution to the Fund or the Shareholders shall be treated as amounts distributed to the Shareholders pursuant to this Article 8 for all purposes under this Agreement. The Fund may allocate any such amounts among the Shareholders in any manner that is in accordance with applicable law. 8.6 Limitations. Distributions to Shareholders shall not be made to the extent they are prohibited by restrictions contained in the Delaware Act or other provisions of this Agreement. Further, distribution shall not be made to any Investor to the extent that the effect of such distributions would cause the balance of such Investor's Capital Account to be below zero unless such Investor undertakes an affirmative obligation to make a cash contribution to the Fund in the amount of any negative balance in such Investor's Capital Account and posts security satisfactory to the Manager to satisfy such restoration obligation. 8.7 Distribution of Available Cash from Temporary Investments. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, the Fund shall make distributions to Shareholders of Available Cash from Temporary Investments with respect to each Fiscal Year, in the manner and at the times determined by the Manager as follows: 99% to the Investors, pro rata, and 1% to the Manager. ARTICLE 9: OPERATION OF FUND 9.1 Investment Fee. The Fund shall pay Ridgewood out of Fund Property an investment fee in an amount equal to 4.5% of the base amount of each Capital Contribution per Investor Share. The base amounts are computed at the rate of $150,000 of Capital Contributions per Investor Share, without considering any discounts or waivers of fees. The investment fee payable in respect of Investors whose subscriptions for Shares are accepted by the Fund in 2006 is for the Manager's services provided in that year and the fee payable by Investors whose subscriptions for Shares are accepted by the Fund in a later year is for those services for capital contributed in that year. The fee in respect of services performed by the Manager during any year in which additional funds are received by the Fund under Section 9.6 shall be payable in accordance with the terms and conditions of any such offering pursuant to Section 9.6. 19 9.2 Placement Agent and other Selling Commissions. (a) The Fund shall pay out of Fund Property to Ridgewood Securities Corporation or to any broker-dealer who effects the sale of one or more whole or fractional Shares, cash selling commissions in an aggregate amount equal to 8% of the base amount of each Capital Contribution. The base amounts are computed at the rate of $150,000 of Capital Contributions per Investor Share, without considering any discounts or waivers of fees. For serving as Placement Agent, Ridgewood Securities Corporation shall in addition be entitled to receive out of Fund Property a fee in an amount equal to 1% of each Capital Contribution. Such commissions payable on each Capital Contribution in respect of sales of Shares prior to the Termination Date and shall be due and payable promptly after the latest to occur of (i) acceptance by the Fund of an Investor's subscription, (ii) the Escrow Date, or (iii) the receipt by the Fund of the Investor's Capital Contribution. Except as set forth in this Section 9.2(a), the Placement Agent is not entitled to any other fee or reimbursement from the Fund. (b) Ridgewood may pay additional compensation to registered broker-dealers assisting in the sale of Investor Shares out of its own funds, including a portion of the cash otherwise distributable to the Manager hereunder or the fees payable to it by the Fund. In addition, Ridgewood, in its sole discretion, may waive or pay over to certain Investors a portion of distributions or fees from the Fund otherwise payable to it. 9.3 Other Expenses. (a) Subject to Sections 9.3(b) and (c), the Fund shall reimburse Ridgewood for all actual and necessary direct expenses paid or incurred in connection with the operation of the Fund, including but not limited to travel expenses and third party accounting, legal and consulting fees, to the extent that those expenses were incurred by Ridgewood in carrying out responsibilities assigned to it by this Agreement and were consistent with such Agreement. (b) The Fund shall pay the Manager out of Fund Property an organizational, distribution and offering fee in an amount equal to 3.5% of the base amount of each Capital Contribution. The base amounts are computed at the rate of $150,000 of Capital Contributions per Investor Share, without considering any discounts or waivers of fees. The organizational, distribution and offering fee is intended to cover all expenses incurred in the offer and sale of Shares, including legal, accounting, and consulting fees, printing, filing, postage and other expenses of organizing the Fund, distribution and selling costs and closing costs for the offering. The fee shall be payable on the Escrow Date as to Shares purchased through that date and on each date thereafter on which the Fund receives and collects full payment for additional accepted subscriptions for Shares. If these expenses exceed 3.5% of the aggregate Capital Contributions, the Manager shall pay such excess. 20 (c) The Fund shall reimburse Ridgewood for direct expenses actually incurred for operational or project development services provided by Ridgewood to the extent (i) the charges for the services do not exceed amounts that would be charged by unrelated firms offering similar services and (ii) the Projects do not reimburse the Manager for those expenses. (d) In respect of the acquisition or disposition of all or a portion of the Fund Property, the Fund may be required to or may find it advantageous to and is authorized to, engage a broker or similar adviser and to pay a brokerage fee to the broker or other persons responsible for bringing the acquisition or disposition opportunity to the Fund's attention or for investigating, evaluating or negotiating the acquisition or disposition of the Fund's interest therein. 9.4 Management Fee. For each 12-month period beginning on the date the offering of Investor Shares is commenced, and ending upon the winding up of the Fund's business, the Fund shall pay the Manager from Fund Property a Management Fee, payable in advance in equal monthly installments, at the annual rate of 2.5% of the aggregate of Capital Contributions. (a) The Management Fee will be payable by the Fund in equal monthly installments in advance beginning on the date the offering commences, and is payable from Fund cash flow, if any, or from other Fund assets, including without limitation, contributed capital and interest earned on interim investments. (b) The Management Fee shall be in lieu of any reimbursement to the Manager for administrative and overhead expenses, including without limitation postage, communication, computer service, accounting, regulatory reporting and compensation costs of the Manager allocable to the Fund. (c) The Management Fee does not defray fees, expenses and payments such as legal, outside accounting and consulting expenses, including amounts paid by the Fund to persons other than Ridgewood or any Affiliate of Ridgewood, the Fund or Robert E. Swanson for performing due diligence or identifying investment opportunities for the Fund. The Management Fee also does not defray extraordinary expenses incurred by Ridgewood or any expenses described in Section 9.3(a). Amounts not defrayed by the Management Fee shall be borne by the Fund or Ridgewood under Section 9.3. 9.5 Payment and Recoupment of Fees. As soon as funds have been released to the Fund from the escrow account referred to in Section 1.6 (c), they may be used to pay the fees referred to in Sections 9.1, 9.2, 9.3and 9.4 then due. If the Manager withdraws the offering of Shares, or rejects any subscription for Shares, any person that has received payments from the proceeds of the offering shall return such payments to the Fund upon demand by the Manager. 21 9.6 Salvage Fund. The Fund will (and may be required by the operator of any Natural Gas Project to) reserve and set aside each month in a separate interest-bearing account ("Salvage Fund") a portion of the Fund's net revenue, if any, that the Fund may receive form the production and sale of natural gas from each Natural Gas Project in which the Fund has invested until such time as the Salvage Fund contains an amount equal to the Fund's anticipated salvage value of dismantling production platforms, plugging and abandoning the platform wells, and removing the platforms and platform wells in respect of each such Natural Gas Project after its useful life, in accordance with applicable federal and state law and regulations. Any portion of the Salvage Fund that remains after the Fund pays its share of the salvage costs will be distributed to the Investors in accordance with the provisions of Section 8.1. 9.7 Early Investment Incentive. The Fund is offering to such Early Investors an Early Investment Incentive upon the following terms and conditions: (a) For Investors who subscribe to the Fund between February 1, 2006 and February 28, 2006 and have fully paid their Capital Contribution shall be entitled to receive an Early Investment Incentive equal to $12,000 per $150,000 Share. (b) For Investors who subscribe to the Fund between March 1, 2006 and March 31, 2006 and have fully paid their Capital Contribution shall be entitled to receive an Early Investment Incentive equal to $8,000 per $150,000 Share. (c) Investors who subscribe to the Fund on or after April 1, 2006 shall not be entitled to, nor shall they receive, an Early Investment Incentive. (d) The Manager anticipates that the Early Investment Incentive, as described herein, shall be paid either monthly or quarterly and begin when the Manager determines that the Fund has sufficient cash flow. The Manager will continue such payments, as described herein until the Early Investment Incentive to Investors entitled to such Early Investment Incentive has been paid in full. Thereafter, all Investors share in distributions of the Fund in accordance with their individual ownership percentage. (e) Other than any right to receive an Early Investment Incentive, all other rights, privileges and obligations of Investors of the Fund shall remain as described herein. Except for an Early Investment Incentive, as described herein, all Investors have equal rights as described in this Memorandum and set forth in the LLC Agreement. 9.8 Supplemental Offering of Class or Series Shares. The Fund from time to time may create and sell additional Investor Shares or additional classes or series of Shares if the Manager in its sole discretion determines that the best 22 interests of the Fund so require. The Manager is authorized to determine or alter any or all of the powers, rights, qualifications, limitations or restrictions granted or imposed upon any such series or supplemental Shares or the offering thereof, and to fix, alter or reduce the number of Shares comprising any such class or series, and to provide for the rights and terms of redemption or conversion of the Shares of any such class or series. Any such Shares may be offered to such persons and on such terms and conditions as the Fund may determine. (a) Establishment and Designation of Class or Series. Notwithstanding any other limitations on the authority of the Manager set forth elsewhere in this Agreement, the manager, at any time and from time to time, may authorize the division of members and interests held hereunder into two or more series (hereinafter "Series") and the division of any existing or new Series into two or more classes (hereinafter "Classes"). Any such authorization shall (a) establish and designate, and fix and determine the relative rights, powers, privileges, preferences and duties of the Series or Class (including, without limitation, voting rights, if any, distribution rights, transfer restrictions, conversion rights and redemption rights) so authorized; (b) set forth the purposes, powers, policies, restrictions and limitations of the Series so authorized; (c) be effective as of the date specified therein; and (d) be incorporated herein by reference. (b) Assets and Liabilities Associated with Class or Series. The Manager shall cause the Company to maintain separate and distinct records for each Series and shall cause the assets, debts, liabilities, obligations, expenses, profits and losses associated with any such Series to be held and accounted for separately from the other assets, debts, liabilities, obligations, expenses, profits and losses of the Company or any other Series. (1) All consideration received by the Company for the issue or sale of Interests of a particular Series together with all Company Assets in which such consideration is invested or reinvested, all income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, including any Capital Proceeds received by the Company from a Capital Transaction involving such assets, shall irrevocably belong to that Series for all purposes, subject only to the rights of creditors of such Series and except as may otherwise be required by applicable tax laws. In the event that there are any Company Assets, or any income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof, funds or payments which are not readily identifiable as belonging to any particular Series, the manager shall allocate them among any one or more Series in such manner and on such basis as the Manager, in its sole discretion, deems fair and equitable. Each such allocation by the Manager shall be conclusive and binding upon the Members and Interest Holders of all Series and Classes for all purposes. (2) All liabilities, expenses, costs, charges, and reserves of the Company which are readily associated with a particular Series shall be charged against the assets associated with that Series, and any liabilities, expenses, costs, charges and reserves of the Company that are not readily associated with 23 a particular Series shall be allocated and charged by the Manager to, between or among any of or more of the Series, in such manner and on such basis as the Manager, in its sole discretion, deems fair and equitable. Each such allocation by the Manager shall be conclusive and binding upon the Members and Interest Holders of all Series and Classes for all purposes. (3) The debts, liabilities, obligations and expense incurred by, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a particular Series shall be enforceable against the assets associated with that Series only, and not against the assets associated with any other Series (or against the assets of the Company generally). The Manager shall cause notice of this limitation on inter-series liabilities to be set forth in the Certificate of Formation of the Company (whether originally or by amendment) to be filed in the Office of the Delaware Secretary of State pursuant to the Act. All Persons who extend credit to (or with respect to) a particular Series, or who contract with (or with respect to) or have a claim against a particular Series, may look only to the assets associated with that Series for repayment of such credit of to enforce or satisfy any such contract or claim. 9.8 (c) Rights of Members. Unless otherwise provided in the authorization creating the Series and except as set forth in this Section 9.8, the rights, powers, privileges, limitations, and restrictions, including voting rights, of the Members of a particular Series shall be as otherwise set forth in this Agreement. ARTICLE 10: ACCOUNTING 10.1 Elections. The Fund shall elect the calendar year as its Fiscal Year. The Fund shall adopt the accrual method of accounting or such other method of accounting as the Fund shall determine. The Fund shall elect to be taxed only as a partnership unless this provision is amended with the consent of Investors whose aggregate Capital Contributions constitute more than 50% of all Capital Contributions to the Fund. The Fund may but shall not be required to make an election under Section 754 of the Code or corresponding state taxation laws. The Manager is empowered to make any other election permitted by law, including without limitation an election under Code Section 771, without prior notice to or consent by any other Shareholder. 10.2 Books and Records. The Fund's books and records shall be kept at the principal place of business of the Fund and shall be maintained in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied. The Fund shall maintain supplemental records on the basis utilized in preparing the Fund's federal income tax return with such adjustments in accounting as are required by this Agreement or as the Fund determines would be in the best interests of the Fund. 10.3 Reports. The Fund will keep each Shareholder and assignee complying with Article 13 currently advised as to activities of the Fund by communications furnished at least quarterly. An independent certified public 24 accounting firm selected by the Fund will prepare the Fund's federal income tax return as soon as practicable after the conclusion of each year and each Shareholder will be furnished, at that time, with the necessary accounting information for each Shareholder to take into account and report separately such Shareholder's distributive share of the income and deductions of the Fund. The Fund will use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the information necessary for the accounting firm as soon as practicable and to transmit the resulting accounting and tax information to the Shareholders as soon as possible after receipt from the accounting firm. 10.4 Bank Accounts. The Fund shall maintain separate segregated accounts in its name at one or more commercial banks, and the cash of the Fund shall be kept in any of those accounts as determined by the Fund. 10.5 Interim Assets. To the extent the Fund's liquid capital is not otherwise committed to transactions or required for other purposes, the Fund may invest such liquid capital in any manner it deems prudent, including, but not limited to, the following: (a) Obligations of banks or savings and loan associations that are insured in their entirety by agencies of the United States government; (b) Obligations of or guaranteed by the United States government or its agencies; and (c) Money market or other short-term obligations or financial instruments (having a maturity of one year or less). ARTICLE 11: RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF INVESTORS 11.1 Participation in Management. No Shareholder (other than the Manager acting in its capacity as such) shall have the right, power, authority or responsibility to participate in the ordinary and routine management of the Fund's affairs or to bind the Fund in any manner. 11.2 Rights to Engage in Other Ventures. No Investor or any officer, director, shareholder or other person holding a legal or beneficial interest in any Investor shall, by virtue of his ownership of a direct or indirect interest in the Fund, be in any way prohibited from or restricted in engaging in, or possessing an interest in, any other business venture of a like or similar nature including any other natural gas fund, project or property. 11.3 Limitations on Transferability. The interest of an Investor shall not be transferable except under the conditions set forth in Article 13 hereof. 11.4 Information. (a) In addition to information to be provided under Section 10.3, the Fund will provide each Investor with information as specified 25 in this Section 11.4. No Investor has any rights to information from the Fund except as provided in this Section 11.4 and Section 10.3. (b) No Investor or other person acting in the right of or for the benefit of an Investor is entitled to receive from the Fund or its Manager any information concerning any other Investor or offeree of the Fund's securities, without the prior written consent of the other Investor or offeree. (c) The Fund may withhold, redact or summarize other types of information so as to prevent Investor information from being disclosed in violation of Section 11.4(b). (d) Each Investor is entitled to obtain the following information from the Fund upon reasonable written demand stating the purpose of the demand (which purpose must be reasonably related to the Investor's interest in the Fund): (i) True and full information regarding the Fund's business and financial condition and the contributions to the Fund, as such information is reasonably related to the Investor's stated purpose; (ii) Promptly after becoming available, a copy of the Fund's federal, state and local income tax returns or information returns for the preceding year and prior years to the extent reasonably available, provided however, that information that would otherwise not be available to an Investor hereunder shall not become available by reason of it being appended or attached to or part of such tax returns; (iii) A copy of the Certificate and this Agreement and all amendments thereto; and (iv) Copies of material agreements between the Fund and Ridgewood Energy Corporation or other Ridgewood Programs, if such agreements, or provisions thereof, are reasonably related to the Investor's stated purpose. (e) Investors are not entitled to agreements, technical information, trade secrets and other confidential information relating to the Fund's development of the Projects, or to the acquisition or transaction documents related thereto, unless the Manager, in its sole discretion, determines that disclosure will not harm the Fund or the Projects. (f) Notwithstanding Section 11.4(d), the Fund may keep confidential from Investors for such period of time as it deems reasonable any other information that it reasonably believes to be in the nature of trade secrets or other information that the Fund in good faith believes would not be in the best interests of the Fund to disclose or that could damage the Fund or its business or that the Fund is required by law or by agreement with a third party to keep confidential. (g) The Fund may establish reasonable standards governing, without limitation, the information and documents to be furnished and the time and the 26 location, if appropriate, of furnishing that information and documents. Costs of providing information and documents shall be borne by the requesting Investor except for de minimis amounts consistent with the Fund's ordinary practices. The Fund shall be entitled to reimbursement for its direct, out-of-pocket expenses incurred in declining unreasonable requests (in whole or in part) for information. (h) Providing information to one Investor or to persons outside the Fund does not act as a waiver of the Fund's rights to withhold information to another Investor. (i) The Fund may keep its records in other than written form if capable of conversion into written form within a reasonable time. ARTICLE 12: POWERS, DUTIES AND LIMITATIONS OF MANAGER 12.1 Management of the Fund. The Manager shall have full, exclusive and complete discretion in the management and control of the Fund. The Manager agrees to manage and control the affairs of the Fund to the best of its ability and to conduct the operations contemplated under this Agreement in a careful and prudent manner and in accordance with good industry practice. The Manager may bind the Fund. 12.2 Acceptance of Subscriptions. The Manager shall not cause the Fund to accept any subscription for Shares except as provided in Article 1 or in Section 9.6, as the case may be. 12.3 Specific Limitations. (a) The Manager shall not take any of the following actions without the affirmative vote or written consent of Investors pursuant to the procedures set forth in Sections 15.1 and 15.2 of this Agreement: (1) Any act that would make it impossible to carry on the Fund's ordinary business; (2) Causing the dissolution or termination of the Fund prior to the expiration of its term, except as provided under Article 14; (3) Possessing Fund Property or assigning rights in specific Fund Property for other than a Fund purpose; or (4) Constituting any other person as a Manager, except as provided in Article 14. (b) The Manager shall not take any action that would cause the Fund to be regulated as an "investment company" under the 1940 Act, nor will the Manager take any action that would cause the Fund to change its investment objectives and policies without the approval of Investors whose aggregate Capital Contributions constitute more than 50% of all Capital Contributions to the Fund at such time. 27 (c) The Manager shall not sell, exchange, lease, mortgage, pledge or transfer all or a substantially all of the Fund's assets if not in the ordinary course of operation of Fund Property without the approval Investors whose aggregate Capital Contributions constitute more than 50% of all Capital Contributions to the Fund at such time. 12.4 Specific Powers. In addition to the powers and duties otherwise provided for in this Agreement, the Manager has the following powers and duties: (a) To direct or supervise the Fund and the Fund's agents in the exercise of any action relating to the Fund's affairs, including without limitation the powers described in Section 1.8; (b) To take the actions specified in Section 12.3 or elsewhere in this Agreement if the approvals specified therein are obtained; (c) To amend this Agreement as specified in Section 15.8 or other provisions of this Agreement; (d) To lend money to the Fund to do so (without being obligated to do so) if such loan bears interest at a reasonable rate not exceeding the interest cost to the Manager or the amount that would be charged to the Fund by an unrelated lender on a comparable loan for the same purpose. The Manager may not receive points or other financing charges or fees regardless of the amount loaned to the Fund. Before the Manager makes any loans to the Fund, the Manager will attempt to obtain a loan from an unrelated lender secured, if at all, only by Fund Property; (e) To approve in its sole discretion any transfer of Investor Shares; (f) To terminate the offering of Shares at any time prior to the Termination Date; (g) To withdraw the offering of Shares at any time as provided for in this Agreement; (h) To acquire such assets or properties, real or personal, as the Manager in its sole discretion deems necessary or appropriate for the conduct of the Fund's business and to sell, exchange, hedge or distribute to Shareholders in kind or otherwise dispose of any part of the Fund Property; (i) To operate any Natural Gas Project or other Fund Property acquired by the Fund, or to contract for operation under Section 12.5, or to engage non-Affiliates to operate any Project or other Fund Property on such terms as they may determine in their sole discretion; 28 (j) To waive any fees or compensation payable to it and to credit such waived amount in its discretion against any obligations it may have to contribute capital under Section 14.6; (k) To provide, or arrange for the provision of, managerial assistance to the Projects in which the Fund invests; (1) To retain and own Working Interests in natural gas wells that are in the same lease block as, but are not part of, Fund Property; and (m) To establish valuation principles and to periodically apply such principles to the Fund's investment portfolio. 12.5 Operation by an Affiliate. The Fund, by action of the Manager, may engage an Affiliate of the Manager to provide development, construction, operating, management, purchasing, planning and administrative services for any or all Projects operated by the Fund. Any such Affiliate may be paid for its services, provided that the cost of such services to the Fund is generally within the range of costs the Fund would have been charged by an unrelated third-party. Such Affiliate of the Manager under this Section 12.5 shall act under the supervision and direction of the Manager and does not have the authority to bind the Fund or act directly in its name except as authorized by the Manager or an officer of the Fund. The Manager under this Section 12.5 shall be reimbursed for all costs incurred by it as provided in Section 9.3 (c) but shall not receive any compensation in excess of its costs. The Fund may enter into an operating agreement or other agreements to implement this Section 12.5. The Manager shall not be compensated or reimbursed under this Section 12.5 for any services related to the administration of the Fund as a whole, to relations with Investors or the offering of Shares or to the identification, acquisition or disposition of Projects. 12.6 Officers of Fund. (a) The Manager shall appoint a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary and such other officers and agents of the Fund as the Manager may from time to time consider appropriate, none of who need be a Shareholder. Each officer shall have the powers and duties usually appertaining to a similar officer of any similar limited liability company or alternative entity under the direction of the Manager and shall hold office at the pleasure of the Manager. Unless otherwise specified by the Manager, the President of the Fund shall be its chief executive officer. The same person may hold any two or more offices. Any officer may resign by delivering a written resignation to the Manager and such resignation shall take effect upon delivery or as otherwise specified therein. (b) All conveyances of real property or any interest therein by the Fund may be made by the Manager, which shall execute on behalf of the Fund any 29 instruments necessary to effect the conveyance. A certificate of the Secretary of the Fund stating compliance with this Section 12.6(b) shall be conclusive in favor of any person relying thereon. (c) All other documents, agreements, instruments and certificates that are to be made, executed or endorsed on behalf of the Fund shall be made, executed or endorsed by such officers of the Fund, the Manager or persons as the Manager shall from time to time authorize and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. In the absence of other provisions, the President is authorized to execute any document, to take any action on behalf of the Fund and to authorize other officers to execute confirmatory documents or certificates. 12.7 Presumption of Power. The execution by the Manager or the Fund's officers of leases, assignments, conveyances, contracts or agreements of any kind whatsoever shall be sufficient to bind the Fund. No person dealing with the Manager or the Fund's officers shall be required to determine their authority to make or execute any undertaking on behalf of the Fund, nor to determine any fact or circumstances bearing upon the existence of their authority nor to see the application or distribution of revenues or proceeds derived therefrom, unless and until such person has received written notice to the contrary. 12.8 Obligations Not Exclusive. The Manager and the officers of the Fund shall be required to devote only such part of their time as is reasonably needed to manage the business of the Fund or discharge their duties, it being understood that Ridgewood, as Manager, and the officers of the Fund have and shall have other business interests and therefore shall not be required to devote their time exclusively to the Fund. Ridgewood Energy Corporation and the officers of the Fund shall in no way be prohibited from or restricted in engaging in, or possessing an interest in, any other business venture of a like or similar nature. Nothing in this Section 12.8 shall relieve Ridgewood Energy Corporation of its or their fiduciary or contractual obligations to the Investors, except as limited in Article 3. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article or elsewhere in this Agreement, Ridgewood Energy Corporation has no duty to take any affirmative action with respect to management of the Fund's business or Fund Property which might require the expenditure of monies by the Fund or Ridgewood Energy Corporation unless the Fund is then possessed of such monies available for the proposed expenditure. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, under no circumstances shall Ridgewood Energy Corporation be required to expend its own funds in connection with the day to day operation of Fund business. 12.9 Removal or Incapacity of a Manager. (a) Investors whose aggregate Capital Contributions constitute at least 25% of all Capital Contributions to the Fund at such time may propose the removal of the Manager, either by calling a meeting or soliciting consents in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. On the affirmative vote of Investors whose aggregate Capital Contributions 30 constitute more than 50% of all Capital Contributions to the Fund at such time the Manager shall be removed effective as of the date the vote is completed. (b) If Ridgewood is removed as Manager or is incapable of acting as Manager as enumerated in Section 14.1(c), or it resigns for cause, it may elect in its sole discretion to take and to cause the Fund to take one of the following courses of action: (1) The former Manager may elect to exchange its Management Share for a series of cash payments from the Fund to the former Manager in amounts equal to the amounts of distributions to which the former Manager would otherwise have been entitled under this Agreement in respect of investments made by the Fund prior to the date of the removal or other incapacity. Such payments shall be payable out of the Fund's available cash before any distributions are made to the Investors pursuant to this Agreement. For purposes of this Section 12.9 (b)(1), from and after the date of any such removal or other incapacity: (i) the former Manager's interest in the Fund attributable to its Management Share shall be terminated and its Capital Account shall be reduced by the amount which is attributable to its Management Share and (ii) the former Manager shall continue to receive its pro rata share of all allocations to Investors provided in this Agreement that are attributable to Investor Shares acquired by the Manager. (2) In the alternative, the former Manager may engage a qualified independent appraiser and cause the Fund to engage a separate qualified independent appraiser (at the Fund's expense in each case), who together shall value the Fund Property as of the date of such removal or other incapacity as if the Fund Property had been sold at its fair market value so as to include all unrecognized gains or losses. If the two appraisers cannot agree on a value, they shall appoint a third independent appraiser (whose cost shall be borne by the Fund) whose determination, made on the same basis, shall be final and binding. Based on the appraisal, the Fund shall make allocations to the former Manager's Capital Account of Net Profits, Net losses and other items as of the date of such removal or other incapacity as if the Fund's Fiscal Year had ended, solely for the purpose of determining the former Manager's Capital Account. If the former Manager has a positive Capital Account after such allocation, the Fund shall deliver a promissory note of the Fund to the former Manager, with a principal amount equal to the balance in that Capital Account and which shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the prime rate in effect at Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A. on the date of removal or other incapacity, with interest payable annually and principal payable annually only to the extent of 25% of any available cash before any distributions thereof are made to the Investors under this Agreement. If the Capital Account of the former Manager has a negative balance after such allocation, the former Manager shall contribute to the capital of the Fund, in its discretion, either cash in an amount equal to the negative balance in its Capital Account or a promissory note to the Fund in such 31 principal amount maturing five years after the date of such removal or other incapacity, bearing interest payable annually at the rate specified above. For purposes of this Section 12.9(b)(2), from and after the date of any such removal or other incapacity, the former Manager's Management Share in the Fund shall be terminated and the former Manager shall no longer have any interest in the Fund other than the right to receive the promissory note and payments thereunder as provided above. (c) In the event that the Manager is removed or no longer serves as a Manager due to an incapacity enumerated in Section 14.1(c), the former Manager shall not be entitled to any uncollected fees specified in Article 9 to the extent not accrued before the date of such removal or other incapacity. (d) Notwithstanding anything else contrary contained herein, removal of the Manager shall only be effective upon the selection and engagement of a new manager, pursuant to the terms set forth herein 12.10 Indemnification of Placement Agent. (a) The Placement Agent shall not have any duty, responsibility or obligation to the Fund or any Shareholder as a consequence of its right to receive any selling commissions or placement agent fees from the Fund in connection with any offering of Shares, except to the extent provided under applicable Federal and State law. The Placement Agent has not assumed, and will not assume, any responsibility with respect to the Fund nor will it be permitted by the Fund to assume any duties, responsibilities or obligations regarding the management, operations or any of the business affairs of the Fund, subsequent to any offering of Shares. (b) The Placement Agent shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Fund against any losses, damages, liabilities or costs (including reasonable attorneys' fees) arising from any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, claim or proceeding by any Shareholder against the Placement Agent (except as may be limited by the Act or applicable state statutes), based upon the assertion that the Placement Agent has any continuing duty or obligation, subsequent to any offering of Shares, to the Fund or any Shareholder or otherwise to monitor Fund operations or report to Investors concerning Fund operations. 12.11 Potential Conflicts of Interest. (a) There are potential conflicts of interest involved in the operation of the Fund, including but not limited to: (i) competing demands for management resources of Ridgewood and other Affiliates; (ii) conflicts between the interests of Ridgewood and its Affiliates in receiving compensation from the Fund for investment activities, operating activities, and divestitures, as well as reimbursement for expenses, and the interests of the Investors; 32 (iii) conflicts relating to the allocation of costs and expenses among Ridgewood's other investment programs; (iv) conflicts arising from the fact that Ridgewood will not make a capital contribution in respect of its interest as such in the Fund and that the Investors will supply all of the capital of the Fund; (v) conflicts caused by the fact that Ridgewood shares in gains realized from the Projects but does not share in losses realized on such projects; (vi) conflicts caused by the fact that Ridgewood has broad discretion to determine distributions, allocations of profit and loss and other items and that the entitlements of Ridgewood to fees, distributions and other items can be increased or decreased as a result of the use of that discretion; (vii) conflicts caused by the fact that Ridgewood may make subjective determinations of the value of the Fund's assets, and any such determination affects the performance record of the Fund; (viii) conflicts between the interests of the Fund and of other programs when Ridgewood allocates favorable or unfavorable investment opportunities among them, and conflicts arising if one program or Fund supplies capital for an investment and another program or Fund later is allocated a portion of that investment and returns a proportionate amount of capital to the first; (ix) conflicts between the interests of the Fund and other programs sponsored by Ridgewood and its Affiliates; (x) potential interests of Ridgewood or its Affiliates in competing investment programs; (xi) conflicts that may arise because the Fund may effect acquisition and development activities on its own or together with Affiliates; (xii) the lack of independent representation of Investors in structuring this offering and in determining compensation or with respect to material transactions between the Fund and other programs sponsored by Ridgewood, which would require only the approval of Ridgewood for authorization; and (xiii) the Fund's Projects may be competing against the projects of other programs sponsored by Ridgewood and, additionally, officers of Ridgewood and of the Fund may be directors or advisers to competing projects. (b) In determining a course of action or deciding among various alternatives, the Manager will consider these and other conflicts that may exist and exercise reasonable business judgment when determining such action or choosing among various alternatives. The Manager shall not be liable to Shareholders hereunder regarding such action unless the Manager exercised bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct. ARTICLE 13: TRANSFERS OF SHARES 13.1 Transfer or Resignation by a Manager. A Manager shall not sell, assign or otherwise transfer its Management Share or resign without first obtaining the consent of a Majority of the Voting Shares, except that (i) a Manager may 33 pledge its Management Share for a loan; provided that such pledge does not reduce the cash flow of the Fund distributable to other Shareholders and (ii) a Manager may waive or assign compensation or fees payable to it. 13.2 Transfers by Investors. An Investor may sell, exchange or transfer his Shares except as restricted by and upon compliance with all applicable laws, including federal and state securities laws and regulations, and all of the following provisions of this Section 13.2: (a) Shares may not be transferred to any person or entity if, as determined by the Fund or the Manager, in its discretion, such sale, exchange or transfer would have adverse regulatory consequences to the Fund or any Fund Property, including, but not limited to, imposing upon the Fund, as a result of such sale, exchange or transfer, a legal requirement to register the Fund as a public company pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. (b) Within 30 days after written notice of a proposed sale or assignment is received by the Fund from an Investor, the Fund may request in its sole discretion an opinion of counsel acceptable to the Fund that the proposed transfer (i) would not invalidate the exemption afforded by Section 4(2) of the Act or by Regulation D promulgated under the Act and the exemption afforded by any applicable state securities laws as to any offering of interests in the Fund and (ii) complies with the exemption afforded by Section 4(1) of the Act and qualifies for an exemption from registration under any applicable state securities laws (including any investor suitability standard applicable to the transferee or the Fund). (c) The written approval of the Manager must be obtained, the granting or denial of which (or the placing of conditions on which) shall be within its sole and absolute discretion and may be denied for any reason including, without limitation, that the admission of the proposed transferee or the transfer may be harmful to the Fund or its operations. (d) The transferor and transferee must deliver a dated notice in writing signed by each, confirming that (i) the transferee accepts and agrees to comply with all the terms of this Agreement and (ii) the transfer was made in compliance with this Agreement and all applicable laws and regulations. (e) The transferor, transferee and the Fund must execute all other certificates, instruments and documents and take all such additional action as the Fund may deem appropriate. (f) The Fund may require as a condition to any transfer that may create a future interest that an opinion of counsel acceptable to the Fund be delivered to the Fund confirming that the proposed transfer does not have adverse effects on the Fund under the rule against perpetuities or similar provisions of law. 34 Transfers shall be effective and recognized upon fulfillment of the requirements of clauses (a) through (f) above and the transferee shall be an Investor owning investor Shares with the same rights as appertained to the transferor. Any purported sale or transfer consummated without first complying with this Section 13.2 shall be void. 13.3 Assignments by Operation of Law. If any Investor shall die, with or without leaving a will, or become non compos mentis, bankrupt or insolvent, or if a corporate, partnership or trust Investor dissolves during the Fund term or if any other involuntary transfer of an Investor's Shares is made, the legal representatives, heirs and legatees (and spouse, if the Shares have been community property of such Investor and his or her spouse), bankruptcy assignees, successors, assigns and corporate, partnership or trust distributees or such other involuntary transferees (collectively "Involuntary Transferees") shall not become transferees but shall have (subject to the other terms and provisions hereof) such rights as are provided with respect to such persons under the law; provided, however, that such Involuntary Transferees shall not be an Investor, as defined herein, unless such Involuntary Transferees become Investors in accordance with and subject to the provisions of Section 13.2 including, but not limited to the right to of the Fund to deny or place conditions on any transfer if by granting such transfer it would require the Fund to register as a public company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 13.4 Expenses of Transfer. In the sole discretion of the Fund, the person acquiring Shares pursuant to any of the provisions of this Article 13 may be required to bear all costs and expenses necessary to effect a transfer of such Shares including, without limitation, reasonable attorney's fees incurred in preparing any required amendments to this Agreement and the Certificate to reflect such transfer or acquisition and the cost of filing such amendments with the appropriate governmental officials. 13.5 Survival of Liabilities. No sale or assignment of Shares shall release the transferor from those liabilities to the Fund, which survive such assignment, or sale as a matter of law or that are imposed under Section 3.4. 13.6 No Accounting. No transfer of Shares, whether voluntary, involuntary or by operation of law, shall entitle the transferor or transferee to demand or obtain immediate valuation, accounting or payment of the transferred Shares. ARTICLE 14: DISSOLUTION, TERMINATION AND LIQUIDATION 14.1 Dissolution. Unless the provisions of Section 14.2 are elected, the Fund shall be dissolved and its business shall be wound up upon the decision of 35 the Manager to withdraw the offering of Shares described in the Memorandum in accordance with Section 12.4(g) or on the earliest to occur of: (a) December 31, 2045; (b) The sale of all or substantially all of the Fund Property; (c) The death, removal, dissolution, resignation, insolvency, bankruptcy or other legal incapacity of the Manager or any other event which would legally disqualify the Manager from acting hereunder; (d) The decision of all Investors or the Manager and a Majority of Investors; or (e) The occurrence of any other event, which, by law, would require the Fund to be dissolved. 14.2 Continuation of the Fund. Upon the occurrence of any event of dissolution described in Sections 14.1 (a) through (e), inclusive, the Fund shall be dissolved and wound up unless (i) the Manager and a majority of the Shareholders within 90 days after the occurrence of any such event of dissolution elect to continue the Fund or, (ii) if there are no remaining Manager within 90 days after the occurrence of any such event of dissolution, then, by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Shareholders, the Fund shall be continued on the terms and conditions herein contained and such Shareholders shall designate one or more persons willing to be substituted as a Manager. In the event there is no remaining Manager and the Shareholders have elected to continue the Fund, as set forth herein, it shall be continued with the new Manager or Manager who shall succeed to and assume all of the powers, privileges and obligations of the previous Manager hereunder except as specified in Section 12.9. In the event of dissolution under this Section 14.2, the former Manager shall have the rights specified in Section 12.9. 14.3 Liquidation Procedure. Upon dissolution of the Fund for any reason: (a) A reasonable time shall be allowed for the orderly liquidation of the assets of the Fund and the discharge of liabilities to creditors so as to enable the Fund to minimize the losses normally attendant to liquidation; (b) The Shareholders shall continue to receive Available Cash from Operations or Available Cash From Capital Transactions, as the case may be, subject to the other provisions of this Agreement and to the provisions of subsection (c) hereof, and shall share Net Profits and Net Losses for all tax and other purposes during the period of liquidation; and 36 (c) The Manager shall act as liquidating Manager and shall proceed to liquidate the Fund Properties to the extent that they have not already been reduced to cash unless the liquidating Manager elects to make distributions in kind to the extent and in the manner herein provided and such cash, if any, and property in kind, shall be applied and distributed to the Shareholders to the extent of, and in proportion to, the positive balances of their Capital Accounts and then in accordance with Article 8. 14.4 Liquidating Trustee. (a) If the dissolution of the Fund is caused by circumstances under which no Manager is available to act as liquidating Manager or if all liquidating Manager are unable or refuse to act, the Shareholders, by a majority vote, shall appoint a liquidating trustee who shall proceed to wind up the business affairs of the Fund. If no liquidating trustee is appointed within 180 days after the event of dissolution, any Shareholder may petition the Court of Chancery of Delaware to appoint a liquidating trustee. The liquidating trustee shall have no liability to the Fund or to any Shareholder for any loss suffered by the Fund which arises out of any action or inaction of the liquidating trustee if the liquidating trustee, in good faith, determined that such course of conduct was in the best interests of the Shareholders and such course of conduct did not constitute negligence or misconduct of the liquidating trustee. The liquidating trustee shall be indemnified by the Fund against any losses, judgments, liabilities, expenses and amounts paid in settlement of any claims sustained by it in connection with the Fund, provided that the same were not the result of negligence or misconduct of the liquidating trustee. (b) Notwithstanding the above, the liquidating trustee shall not be indemnified and no expenses shall be advanced on its behalf for any losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws, unless (1) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the particular indemnitee, or (2) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the particular indemnitee, or (3) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against a particular indemnitee. 14.5 Death, Insanity, Dissolution or Insolvency of an Investor. The death, insanity, dissolution, winding up, insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership or other legal termination of an Investor who is not a Manager shall have no effect on the life of the Fund and the Fund shall not be dissolved thereby. 14.6 Manager's Capital Contributions. Upon or prior to the first distribution in liquidation, the Manager shall contribute to the capital of the Fund an amount equal to any deficit in the Capital Account of such Manager calculated just prior to the date of such distribution, to the extent not previously contributed. The Manager, in its discretion, may comply with this 37 Section 14.6 by waiving all or a portion of a distribution or any other compensation to which it is entitled under this Agreement. 14.7 Withdrawal of Offering. Dissolution of the Fund resulting from withdrawal of the offering of Shares is governed by Section 1.6(c) and Section 12.4(g). ARTICLE 15: MISCELLANEOUS 15.1 Notices. Notices or instruments of any kind which may be or are required to be given hereunder by any person to another shall be in writing and deposited in the United States Mail, certified or registered, postage prepaid, or delivered overnight and addressed to the respective person at the address appearing in the records of the Fund. Any Investor may change his address by giving notice in writing, stating his new address, to the Fund. Any notice shall be deemed to have been given effective as of 72 hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, after the depositing of such notice in an official United States Mail receptacle. Notice to the Fund may be addressed to its principal office. 15.2 Meetings of Shareholders. (a) Meetings. The Manager may call meetings of the Shareholders, the Investors or any subgroup thereof concerning any matter on which they may vote as provided by this Agreement or by law or to receive and act upon a report of the Manager on matters pertaining to the Fund's business and activities. Investors holding 25% or more of the outstanding securities or Shares entitled to vote on the matter may also call meetings by giving notice to the Fund demanding a meeting and stating the purposes therefore. After calling a meeting or within 20 days after receipt of a written request or requests meeting the requirements of the preceding sentence, the Fund shall mail to all Shareholders entitled to vote on the matter written notice of the place and purposes of the meeting, which shall be held on a date not less than 15 days nor more than 45 days after the Fund mails the notice of meeting to the Shareholders. Any Shareholder entitled to vote on the matter may appear and vote or consent at a meeting by proxy, provided that such authority is granted by a writing signed by the Shareholder and delivered to the Fund at or prior to the meeting. (b) Consents. Any consent required by this Agreement or any vote or action by the Shareholders or any subgroup thereof may be effected without a meeting by a consent or consents in writing signed by the persons required to give such consent, to vote or to take action. The Manager may solicit consents or Investors holding 25% or more of the outstanding securities or Shares entitled to vote on the matter may demand a solicitation of consents by giving notice to the Fund stating the purpose of the consent and including a form of consent. The Fund shall effect a solicitation of consents by giving those Shareholders who may vote a notice of solicitation stating the purpose of the consent, a form of consent and the date on which the consents are to be tabulated, which shall be 38 not less than 15 days nor more than 45 days after the Fund transmits the notice of solicitation for consents. If Investors holding 25% or more of the outstanding securities or Shares entitled to vote on the matter demand a solicitation, the Fund shall transmit the notice of solicitation not later than 20 days after receipt of the demand. (c) General. To the extent not inconsistent with this Agreement, Delaware law governing meetings, proxies and consents for limited liability companies shall apply as to the procedure, validity and use of meetings, proxies and consents. Any Shareholder may waive notice of or attendance at any meeting or notice of any consent, whether before or after any action is taken. The date on which the Fund transmits the notice of meeting or notice soliciting consents shall be the record date for determining the right to vote or consent. A list of the names, addresses and shareholdings of all Shareholders shall be maintained as part of the Fund's books and records. (d) Interested Parties. A Shareholder may vote Shares owned by it on any question permitted under this Agreement regardless of whether that Shareholder, Affiliates of that Shareholder or other persons associated with or related to that Shareholder have a personal interest in the subject matter of the transaction. Delaware law governing the voting of shares in a corporation shall determine the legal effect of a vote by a Shareholder having an interest described in the preceding sentence. 15.3 Loan to Fund by Shareholder. If any Shareholder shall, in addition to his Capital Contribution to the Fund, lend any monies to the Fund, the amount of any such loan shall not increase his Capital Account nor shall it entitle him to any increase in his share of the distributions of the Fund, but the amount of any such loan shall be an obligation on the part of the Fund to such Shareholder and shall be repaid to him on the terms and at the interest rate negotiated at the time of the loan, and the loan shall be evidenced by a promissory note executed by the Fund except that no Shareholder shall be personally obligated to repay the loan, which shall be payable and collectible only out of the assets of the Fund. 15.4 Delaware Laws Govern. This Agreement shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware. Each Party hereto agrees and consents (i) to be subject to the personal jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Delaware, (ii) that venue for any litigation between or against any of the parties hereto may be maintained in New Castle County, Delaware, and (iii) that service of process may be achieved by mail return receipt requested, overnight delivery or personal hand delivery. 15.5 Arbitration. (a) Binding Arbitration. (1) Except as set forth in Section 15.5(b) or under any applicable securities laws, any individual claim or dispute (collectively "Claims") of every type (whether under statute, in contract, 39 tort or otherwise and whether for money damages, penalties or declaratory or equitable relief) arising from or related in any way to this Agreement, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, or the operation and management of the Fund by the Fund or the Manager, or their employees, officers, directors, agents or assigns, shall be resolved by binding arbitration governed by the Federal Arbitration Act and conducted in accordance with rules of the American Arbitration Association, provided however, that if the Federal Arbitration Act should be held inapplicable for any reason, including the ruling of a court, then the laws of the State of Delaware shall apply to such arbitration hearing and proceeding. The number of arbitrators shall be three (3), with each Party having the right to appoint one arbitrator, who shall together appoint a third neutral arbitrator, each such arbitrator having experience in the field of securities law and offerings, including private securities offerings. Such arbitration hearing and proceedings shall be conducted in New York, New York. (2) The Parties hereby expressly waive any right of appeal to any court. There will be no written record or transcript of the proceedings required, unless otherwise requested by the Parties or a Party, who shall bear the costs thereof. All of the Arbitrators' orders and decisions may be enforceable in, and judgment upon any award may be rendered in the arbitration proceeding may be confirmed and entered by, a Delaware court having proper jurisdiction. The Parties agree that all arbitration proceedings concluded hereunder and the decision of the Arbitrators shall be kept confidential and not disclosed to any third party, except for a Party's affiliates, accountants and lawyers. (3) Notwithstanding anything else contrary contained herein, the Arbitrators shall have no authority or power to award consequential, special, indirect, treble, exemplary or punitive damages of any type, the Parties hereby waiving their rights, if any, to recover consequential, special, indirect, treble, exemplary or punitive damages with respect to this Agreement. (b) No Class Action. The Parties expressly agree that no Claim may be brought or submitted to arbitration or heard by any arbitration panel pursuant to this Section 15.5 as a class action, or consolidated with any other Claims and the arbitrators or arbitration panel shall have no authority to consolidate claims or certify a class of Claims. Each Shareholder expressly waives any right it may have to submit or consolidate their Claim with those of other Shareholders and shall be limited to submitting their individual claim to arbitration. No arbitrator or arbitration panel shall have the power or authority to interpret the legality or enforceability of this Section 15.5 (b) and any such dispute regarding the applicability, legality or enforceability of this Section 15.5 (b) shall be submitted to and exclusively determined by a court of law in accordance with the requirements of Section 15.4. If this Section 15.5(b) is found by a court of law to be invalid or unenforceable under any law or statute, then the entirety of Section 15.5 shall be null and void with respect to any Claims and, thereafter, all Claims shall only be resolved by 40 filing an action in a court of law in accordance with Section 15.4 hereof. The Parties agree that any arbitration shall be postponed during the pendenacy of any appeal of a court's ruling regarding the legality or enforceability of this Section 15.5(b). 15.6 Limited Power of Attorney. Each Investor irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Manager as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agents to effectuate and to act in his name, place and stead, in effectuating the purposes of the Fund including the execution, verification, acknowledgment, delivery, filing and recording of this Agreement as well as all authorized amendments thereto and hereto, all assumed name and doing business certificates, documents, bills of sale, assignments and other instruments of conveyances, leases, contracts, loan documents and counterparts thereof, and all other documents which may be required to effect a continuation of the Fund and which the Fund deems necessary or reasonably appropriate, including documents required to be executed in order to correct typographical errors in documents previously executed by such Investor and all conveyances and other instruments or other certificates necessary or appropriate to effect an authorized dissolution and liquidation of the Fund. The power of attorney granted herein shall be deemed to be coupled with an interest, shall be irrevocable and shall survive the death, incompetency or legal disability of an Investor. 15.7 Disclaimer. In forming this Fund, all Investors recognize that the Fund's businesses are highly speculative and that neither the Fund nor the Manager nor any other Managing Person makes any guaranty or representation to any Investor as to the probability or amount of gain or loss from the conduct of Fund business. 15.8 Amendment and Construction of Agreement. (a) This Agreement may be amended by the Manager, without notice to or the approval of the Investors, from time to time for the following purposes: (1) to cure any ambiguity, formal defect or omission or to correct or supplement any provision herein that may be inconsistent with any other provision contained herein or in the Memorandum or to effect any amendment without notice to or approval by Investors, as specified in other provisions of this Agreement; (2) to make such other changes or provisions in regard to matters or questions arising under this Agreement that will not materially and adversely affect the interest of any Investor; (3) to otherwise equitably resolve issues arising under the Memorandum or this Agreement, so long as similarly situated Investors are not treated materially differently; (4) to maintain the federal tax status of the Fund and any of its Shareholders (so long as no Investor's liability is materially increased without his consent); (5) as otherwise provided in this Agreement or (6) to comply with law. (b) Other amendments to this Agreement may be proposed by either the Manager or Investors whose aggregate Capital Contributions constitute 25% or 41 more of the Capital Contributions, in each case by calling a meeting or requesting consents under Section 15.2 and specifying the text of the amendment and the reasons therefore. No amendment under this Section 15.8(b) that increases any Shareholder's liability, changes the Capital Contributions required of him or his rights in interest in the Net Profits, Net Losses, deductions, credits, revenues or distributions of the Fund in more than a de minimis manner, his rights on dissolution, or any voting or management rights set forth in this Agreement shall become effective as to that Shareholder without his written approval thereof. Unless otherwise provided herein, all other amendments must be approved by the holders of a Majority of the outstanding Voting Shares and, if the terms of a series of Shares or securities so require, by the vote of the holders of such class, series or group specified therein. (c) The Manager has power to construe this Agreement and to act upon any such construction. Its construction of the same and any action taken pursuant thereto by the Fund or a Managing Person in good faith shall be final and conclusive. 15.9 Bonds and Accounting. The Manager shall not be required to give bond or otherwise post security for the performance of their duties and the Fund waives all provisions of law requiring or permitting the same. No person shall be entitled at any time to require the Fund or any Shareholder to submit to a judicial or other accounting or otherwise elect any judicial, administrative or executive supervisory proceeding applicable to non-business trusts. 15.10 Binding Effect. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the Shareholders (and their spouses if the Shares of such Shareholders shall be community property) as well as their respective heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Fund and the Shareholders with respect to the formation and operation of the Fund, other than the Subscription Agreement entered into between the Fund and each Investor and the Management Agreement. 15.11 Headings. Headings of Articles and Sections used herein are for descriptive purposes only and shall not control or alter the meaning of this Agreement as set forth in the text. 15.12 Tax Matters Partner. The Manager is the tax matters partner of the Fund under Code Section 6221. RIDGEWOOD ENERGY CORPORATION Initial Manager By: /s/ Robert E. Swanson, President -------------------------------- Robert E. Swanson, President 42 EX-3.3 4 ex33.txt EXHIBIT 3.3 CONFIDENTIAL MEMORANDUM COPY NO.____________________ DATED: February 1, 2006 NAME OF OFFEREE ____________ RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC Gulf of Mexico Oil and Natural Gas Fund 1000 Shares of Beneficial Interest Offered at $150,000 Per Share Minimum Offering of $1,500,000 Maximum Offering of $150,000,000 Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the "Fund"), has been organized to acquire interests primarily in natural gas and oil projects located in the deep or shallow U.S. waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The Manager of the Fund (the "Manager") is Ridgewood Energy Corporation, a Delaware corporation. The Fund is offering up to an aggregate of 1000 Shares of beneficial interest ("Shares") at a purchase price of $150,000 per Share. See Terms of the Offering.
- ------------------------------ ------------------------ ---------------------------- ----------------------------------- Funds Available for Organizational and Gas Investments and Shares Price to Investors Offering Expenses** Fund Operations - ------------------------------ ------------------------ ---------------------------- ----------------------------------- Minimum 10 $1,500,000 $255,000 $1,245,000 Maximum 1000* $150,000,000 $25,500,000 $124,500,000 - ------------------------------ ------------------------ ---------------------------- -----------------------------------
*The Fund in its discretion may expand the maximum offering up to 1,335 Shares or more. **Expenses incurred in the offer and sale of the Shares, including commissions, placement, legal, accounting, printing and filing fees, and a one-time investment fee to the Manager. THIS INVESTMENT IS SPECULATIVE AND NON-LIQUID AND INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK, INCLUDING: o Severe restrictions on transferability of the Shares. o Drilling to establish productive natural gas or oil wells is highly risky and the investment in wells could be completely lost. o The Manager may have material conflicts of interest and has total control of the Fund. o The significant federal and state income tax benefits of investing in the Fund and the applicable laws may be changed at any time. There are many other risks as explained at Risk Considerations. Purchases will be accepted only from persons meeting the requirements set forth under Investor Suitability Standards. THESE SHARES HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY OTHER FEDERAL OR STATE AGENCY. NO REGULATORY AUTHORITY HAS PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS CONFIDENTIAL MEMORANDUM OR THE OFFER AND SALE OF THESE SHARES. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS UNLAWFUL. RIDGEWOOD SECURITIES CORPORATION 947 Linwood Avenue Ridgewood, New Jersey 07450 (201) 447-9000 SHORT SUMMARY RIDGEWOOD ENERGY S FUND, LLC Gulf of Mexico Natural Gas and Oil Fund Securities Offered: 1000 Shares ($150,000 per Share) Amount Offered: Maximum: $150,000,000 Minimum: $1,500,000 The S Fund Continues a The S Fund is a continuation of the series of Series of Gulf of Mexico Ridgewood Energy "Alphabet Funds" which have Funds: invested in natural gas and oil properties in the Gulf of Mexico, which began with the B Fund in 1992. After the B Fund, Ridgewood Energy offered successive Alphabet Funds through, most recently, the R Fund, which began offering shares on January 2, 2006. The Alphabet Funds have invested in major natural gas and oil projects in the Gulf of Mexico in partnership with major oil and gas companies Natural Gas and Oil Prices The average price of natural gas for the past year Increase: is more than double the average price in the decade of the 1990s. In addition, oil prices have increased significantly over the last several years and both natural gas and oil prices are predicted to remain at high levels for the foreseeable future Long Term Shortages: The demand for natural gas and oil is expected to continue to exceed supply for the foreseeable future, sustaining high prices. Gulf of Mexico Discoveries: Major oil and gas companies focus their domestic drilling activities in the United States waters of the Gulf of Mexico as the primary North American region with (i) potentially significant quantities of natural gas and oil, combined with, (ii) an existing pipeline infrastructure in some areas of the region enabling a fast track to rapid production and early cash flow. Only Ridgewood Energy: Ridgewood Energy was founded in 1982. Ridgewood Energy Funds have been investing in the Gulf of Mexico since 1986. Ridgewood Energy is the only program sponsor in the United States consistently offering high net worth individuals direct, institutional quality offshore natural gas and oil investments in partnership with experienced independent and major energy companies. i
Track Record of Date First December* Distributions Cumulative "Alphabet Funds": Closed Distribution Monthly For Distributions ------ ------------ Distribution 12 Months through ------------ Ended December 2005* December* --------------- 2005 ---- B Fund 3/92 2/93 .8% 9.6% 262.1% C Fund 10/92 2/93 .8% 9.6% 262.1% D Fund 7/98 9/99 - - 101.2% E Fund 6/99 9/99 10.7% 117.2% 526.7% F Fund 6/00 12/00 4.8% 33.0% 150.5% G Fund 7/01 2/02 6.6% 78.1% 243.7% H Fund 9/03 4/04 4.0% 37.1% 46.9% I Fund 12/03 1/05 1.1% 6.5% 6.5% J Fund 3/04 6/05 .5% 3.3% 3.3% K Fund 8/04 6/05 .2% 1.7% 1.7% L Fund 9/04 11/05 .8% 1.4% 1.4% M Fund 11/04 - - N/A N/A N Fund 2/05 11/05 1.8% 3.1% 3.1% O Fund 8/05 - - N/A N/A P Fund 9/05 - - N/A N/A Q Fund 12/05 - - N/A N/A R Fund - - - N/A N/A
* Except for the L Fund and the N Fund, which made distributions of 3% and 7% respectively in the month of January, the other Ridgewood Energy Alphabet Funds did not make a distribution in the month of January 2006. Generally, revenue earned in October of 2005 would have been used for such distribution; however, due to damage to pipeline infrastructure equipment owned by non-Ridgewood entities as a result of Hurricane Rita, the Ridgewood Energy Funds were unable to market their natural gas and oil in sufficient quantities to justify a January 2006 distribution. The damage to these facilities has largely been repaired and all of the Ridgewood funds are operating under normal conditions. THE PERFORMANCE AND THE RESULTS OF PRIOR RIDGEWOOD ENERGY ALPHABET FUNDS DOES NOT PREDICT SUCCESS OF OR GUARANTEE SIMILAR RESULTS FOR THE S FUND. (See Risk Considerations and Exhibit B Track Record.) Early Investment Incentive The Manager at any time during this Offering may have opportunities to invest in economically promising transactions for the Fund. The Manager is currently investigating such a transaction that would require an investment by the Fund potentially as early as mid-February 2006. Early Investors who provide capital to the Fund to acquire such Projects, which ultimately provide benefits to all Fund Investors, will receive an incremental benefit. The Fund is offering to such Early Investors an Early Investment Incentive upon the following terms and conditions: o Investors who subscribe to the Fund between February 1, 2006 and February 28, 2006 and have fully paid their Capital Contribution shall be entitled to receive an Early Investment Incentive equal to $12,000 per $150,000 Share. o Investors who subscribe to the Fund between March 1, 2006 and March 31, 2006 and have fully paid their Capital Contribution shall be entitled to receive an Early Investment Incentive equal to $8,000 per $150,000 Share. ii o Investors who subscribe to the Fund on or after April 1, 2006 shall not be entitled to, nor shall they receive, an Early Investment Incentive. o The Manager anticipates that the Early Investment Incentive, as described herein, shall be paid either monthly or quarterly and begin when the Manager determines that the Fund has sufficient cash flow. The Manager will continue such payments, as described herein until the Early Investment Incentive to Investors entitled to such incentive has been paid in full. Thereafter, all Investors share in distributions of the Fund in accordance with their individual ownership percentage. o Other than any right to receive an Early Investment Incentive, all other rights, privileges and obligations of Investors of the Fund shall remain as described herein and as set forth in the LLC Agreement. Except for an Early Investment Incentive, as described herein, all Investors have equal rights as described in this Memorandum and set forth in the LLC Agreement. Proposed Activities Gulf The investment objective of the Fund is to of Mexico Natural Gas generate current cash flow for distribution to and Oil Projects: Investors from acquiring, drilling, completing and developing natural gas and/or oil projects in shallow or deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The Fund will attempt to build a balanced portfolio of natural gas and oil projects ("Projects") which are described in the Memorandum and may include, without limitation, the following: o Higher risk exploratory Projects which may include deep drilling below 15,000 feet in shallow waters, perhaps near pipeline infrastructure and which projects have high economic potential. The higher risk Projects would, if successful, generally include a substantial amount of development capital which would have lower risk, but at the same time, greater economic potential. o Higher risk exploratory Projects located in the deepwaters of the Gulf of Mexico, which Projects, although potentially more costly to develop and longer to complete, may potentially have significantly greater potential for reservoirs than in the shallower waters of the Gulf of Mexico. o Lower risk developmental Projects which are already connected to pipelines, or which are near the pipeline infrastructure and can be connected quickly. Tax Benefits: The Fund's interests in the Projects may generate significant drilling deductions, depreciation deductions and depletion allowances. iii Summary: I. A long term supply of natural gas and/or oil are the commodities to own due to long-term supply shortages which have resulted in high prices. II. The United States waters of the Gulf of Mexico is the place to own natural gas or oil wells. III. Ridgewood Energy offers institutional quality Gulf of Mexico natural gas and oil investments to high net worth individuals. Sharing of Income and Gain: Investors: 85% Manager: 15% Use of Proceeds: Acquisition, Drilling and 83% Completion and Fund Operations Syndication Fees and Closing Costs: 17% THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS SHORT SUMMARY IS EXTREMELY GENERAL IN NATURE, IS BASED ON, AMONG OTHER THINGS, PAST PERFORMANCE, FORECASTS OF NATURAL GAS AND OIL PRICES AND CONTAINS CERTAIN FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ABOUT DEVELOPMENT PLANS, FUTURE RESULTS OF EXISTING RIDGEWOOD ENERGY PROGRAMS, EXPECTED PRODUCTION RATES, CAPITAL EXPENDITURES AND NATURAL GAS AND OIL RESOURCE POTENTIAL. THESE STATEMENTS ARE NOT GUARANTEES OF FUTURE PERFORMANCE. THE ACTUAL RESULTS ACHIEVED BY THE S FUND, OR ANY OTHER RIDGEWOOD ENERGY FUND, WILL VARY, PERHAPS SUBSTANTIALLY, FROM THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS CONTAINED IN THIS SHORT SUMMARY AND COULD BE MATERIALLY WORSE. POTENTIAL INVESTORS MUST REVIEW FULLY THE ENTIRE CONFIDENTIAL OFFERING MEMORANDUM, INCLUDING RISK CONSIDERATIONS AND TRACK RECORD, TO UNDERSTAND THE MANY RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INVESTMENT IN THE S FUND. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE SUMMARY OF PROGRAM.............................................................i GENERAL........................................................................1 INVESTOR SUITABILITY STANDARDS.................................................3 MANAGER........................................................................4 PROPOSED ACTIVITIES............................................................4 USE OF PROCEEDS...............................................................16 RISK CONSIDERATIONS...........................................................16 General Risks Related to Natural Gas or Oil Exploration, Drilling, Pipelines and Operations...................................17 Particular Risks Related to the Shares...............................22 TERMS OF THE OFFERING.........................................................28 PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION..........................................................29 PARTICIPATION IN COSTS AND REVENUES...........................................30 COMPENSATION..................................................................33 FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITIES OF MANAGER.........................................35 CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.........................................................38 MANAGEMENT....................................................................41 TAX ASPECTS...................................................................44 ADDITIONAL ASPECTS OF LLC AGREEMENT...........................................76 LIABILITY.....................................................................81 OTHER INFORMATION.............................................................82 General..............................................................82 Authorized Sales Material............................................83 LEGAL MATTERS.................................................................83 LITIGATION AND OTHER PROCEEDINGS..............................................84 DEFINITIONS...................................................................87 LIST OF TABLES USE OF PROCEEDS...............................................................16 COMPENSATION..................................................................33 LIST OF EXHIBITS FORM OF LLC AGREEMENT..................................................EXHIBIT A RIDGEWOOD ENERGY CORPORATION TRACK RECORD..............................EXHIBIT B FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF RIDGEWOOD ENERGY CORPORATION...................EXHIBIT C INVESTOR SUBSCRIPTION BOOKLET (BOUND SEPARATELY).......................EXHIBIT D 2006126 GENERAL Certain provisions of the Fund's Limited Liability Company Agreement ("LLC Agreement") and Subscription Agreement are summarized in several places throughout this Memorandum. Although certain important provisions of these legal documents are properly described in this Memorandum, provisions that may be important to you may not be described in this Memorandum or described to your satisfaction. Therefore, potential investors must review these legal documents, as well as the Memorandum, in order to fully understand the terms of this Offering. If the legal document differs from its description in this Memorandum or if there is a conflict between the provisions of this Memorandum and a legal document, the provisions of the legal document will control. The DEFINITIONS section begins on page 87. You should rely only on the information contained in this Memorandum and its exhibits. The Fund has not authorized anyone to provide you with any other information. However, the Fund understands that you may need additional information before making a decision to buy Shares. The Fund will provide you with any relevant additional information that the Fund has, can obtain or can prepare without unreasonable effort or expense. However, you should only rely on that additional information if it is given to you in writing and is signed on behalf of the Fund. Because the Shares are being offered in a private offering, if you receive this Memorandum or other offering materials and do not buy Shares, you agree to return the Memorandum and other materials to us. IN MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION INVESTORS MUST RELY ON THEIR OWN EXAMINATION OF THE FUND AND THE TERMS OF THE OFFERING, INCLUDING THE MERITS AND RISKS INVOLVED. THE SHARES OF THE FUND HAVE NOT BEEN RECOMMENDED BY ANY FEDERAL OR STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION OR REGULATORY AUTHORITY. FURTHERMORE, THE FOREGOING AUTHORITIES HAVE NOT CONFIRMED THE ACCURACY OR DETERMINED THE ADEQUACY OF THIS DOCUMENT. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE. THE SHARES OF THE FUND ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERABILITY AND RESALE AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR RESOLD EXCEPT AS PERMITTED UNDER THE LLC AGREEMENT AND UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS, PURSUANT TO REGISTRATION OR EXEMPTION THEREFROM. INVESTORS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT THEY WILL HAVE TO BEAR THE FINANCIAL RISKS OF THIS INVESTMENT FOR AN INDEFINITE PERIOD OF TIME. 1 THE SHARES OF THE FUND ARE BEING OFFERED PURSUANT TO RULE 506 OF REGULATION D PROMULGATED UNDER THE FEDERAL SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND THE RELEVANT SECURITIES LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF CERTAIN STATES. Forward-Looking Statement Except for historical information, the Fund has made statements in this Memorandum and its exhibits that constitute forward-looking statements, as defined by the federal securities laws. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include statements made regarding events, financial trends, future operating results, financial position, cash flows and other general information concerning possible or assumed future results of operations of the Fund or any prior Ridgewood Energy Program. Investors are cautioned that such statements are only predictions, forecasts or estimates of what may occur and are not guarantees of future performance or of the occurrence of events or other factors used to make such predictions, forecasts or estimates. Actual results may differ materially from those results expressed, implied or inferred from these forward-looking statements and may be worse due to a variety of factors including, without limitation, change in law, fluctuations in natural gas and oil commodity prices, adverse weather, and general delays in drilling, exploration or production. Finally, such statements reflect the Fund's current views. The Fund undertakes no obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to the forward-looking statements made herein to reflect events or circumstances that occur after today or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, provided however, that the Fund will undertake to update this Memorandum to reflect events which materially change the nature of this Offering that occur prior to the termination of the Offering. 2 INVESTOR SUITABILITY STANDARDS AN INVESTMENT IN THE SHARES OF THE FUND IS ILLIQUID AND INVOLVES SIGNIFICANT RISKS AND IS NOT A SUITABLE INVESTMENT FOR ALL PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS. See Risk Considerations. Investor Qualifications - ----------------------- The Fund and the offering of Investor Shares are primarily structured to comply with the private offering exemption under the federal Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"). In addition, the Fund is also structured to comply with an exemption from certain restrictions on compensation under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 ("Advisers Act") as well as the rules and regulations promulgated under the Act and Advisers Act by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission"), as well as certain state laws and regulations which impose limitations on the persons who may invest in Shares of the Fund and from whom subscriptions may be accepted. Accordingly, the Fund is offering and selling Investor Shares only to "accredited investors" as defined in Regulation D under the Act who are also "qualified clients" as defined by Rule 205-3 of the Adviser's Act, which investors will include without limitation: o a natural person who has a net worth (including assets jointly owned with his or her spouse) of more than $1,500,000 at the time of purchase; or o a company, trust, employee benefit plan, or other entity (an "Entity") that has $1,500,000 in net worth and $5,000,000 in assets, in which case such Entity is also an accredited investor, provided however, if the Entity is (a) a private investment company excepted from registration by Section 3(c)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 ("the "1940 Act"); (b) an investment company registered under the 1940 Act; (c) a business development company (as defined in Section 202(a)(22) of the Advisers Act); or (d) does not have $5,000,000 in assets, then such Entity can not invest in the Fund unless, in addition to the Entity having $1,500,000 or more in net worth, each equity owner of the Entity satisfies the $1,500,000 net worth requirement as well, which would then permit the Entity to invest in the Fund. For purpose of meeting the $1,500,000 net worth requirement, an investor's equity in residences, furnishings and automobiles can be included. 3 For purposes of "accreditation" generally, a natural person will be an "Accredited Investor" if he or she (or if spouses jointly) have in excess of $1,500,000 in net worth. However, for an Entity, in addition to the $1,500,000 net worth requirement, it must have total assets in excess of $5,000,000 in order to be accredited or, failing that, all equity owners of such entity must meet the $1,500,000 net worth requirement. IF YOU DO NOT MEET THE REQUIREMENTS DESCRIBED ABOVE, DO NOT READ FURTHER AND RETURN THIS MEMORANDUM TO RIDGEWOOD SECURITIES CORPORATION. IF YOU DO NOT MEET SUCH REQUIREMENTS, THIS MEMORANDUM DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL SHARES OF THE FUND TO YOU. Except in certain limited circumstances, United States federal law prohibits the holding of interests in federal oil and gas leases by persons or an Entity who are not citizens, nationals or permanent resident of the United States. Each prospective Investor must represent whether he or she is a citizen or national of the United States. The Fund shall have absolute discretion to refuse to accept a subscription from such non-U.S. citizens or entities. MANAGER The Manager of the Fund is Ridgewood Energy Corporation, a Delaware corporation that is wholly owned by Robert E. Swanson. See, Management and Fiduciary Obligations of the Manager for more information. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES The primary investment objective of the Fund is to generate current cash flow for distribution to Investors from acquiring, drilling, developing and completing natural gas and oil projects in the offshore shallow or deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico ("Projects" or "the Fund's Projects"). The Fund cannot at this time identify specifically the Projects in which it will invest or the drilling and other activities in which the Fund will engage for a variety of reasons. Among these reasons are that the Fund has yet to acquire Working Interests in any Project lease or well and will do so only after this Offering is completed or when sufficient capital is available to the Fund to make any such acquisition. The Manager will make decisions as to the management, business, and affairs of the Fund in its sole discretion and judgment as to what is in the best interest of the Fund. The Manager intends to cause the Fund to 4 acquire interests in as many Projects as is possible, given the funds raised, the size of the interest acquired, and risk considerations. The Manager anticipates that all of the Fund's Projects will be located in the offshore shallow or deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. However, at the present time the Fund has not conclusively committed to any specific sites, leases or regions of the Gulf of Mexico. No geological, engineering or other information about any specific area is included in this Memorandum and the Fund is not committing to provide any such information to an Investor. The decision of the Fund to acquire a Project, the size and nature of the interest acquired, the location of the Project, and the terms of such acquisition will be based upon evaluations of the various properties conducted by the Manager after consultation with independent geologists or engineers. See Risk Considerations. With that background, the Manager of the Fund, in its sole discretion, intends to invest in one or more of the following types of Projects: o Lower risk developmental Projects which are already connected to pipelines, or which are near the pipeline infrastructure and can be connected quickly. o Higher risk exploratory Projects in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico which may include deep drilling below 15,000 feet. Such Projects may have high economic potential and may be near pipeline infrastructure. These higher risk Projects would, if successful, generally require a substantial amount of development capital, which would have lower risk, but at the same time, greater economic potential. o Higher risk exploratory Projects located in the deepwaters (generally greater than 1,000 feet water depth) of the Gulf of Mexico, which Projects, although potentially more costly and risky to develop and take longer to complete, may potentially have significantly greater potential for productive reservoirs than in the shallower waters of the Gulf of Mexico. o Non-Consent Interests, which may include interests acquired from prior Ridgewood Energy Programs. o Ownership, development, construction, installation, acquisition, and/or operation of infrastructure assets, including pipelines, equipment and other assets, located or to be located in the offshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico, that are used to gather, process, transport and market natural gas or oil. 5 In addition, the Fund's activities may result in certain tax benefits, consisting principally of deductions for intangible drilling costs, depletion, and depreciation. See Tax Aspects. In considering Projects, the Manager investigates each such Project against a list of factors that it believes will result in the selection of those Projects that have the highest probability of success. These factors, in no particular order, include, but are not limited to, the following (i) targeting Projects that have or are expected to have operators with significant resources and experience in oil and gas exploration; (ii) targeting Projects that have or are expected to have partners that also have significant resources and experience in oil and gas exploration; (iii) technical quality of the Project including its geology, seismic profile, locational trends, and whether the Project has potential for multiple prospects; (iv) oil or gas reserve potential; (v) whether and the extent to which the operator participates as a Working Interest owner in the Project; (vi) economic factors, such as potential revenues from the Project, the rate of return, and estimated time to first production; (vii) risk factors; (viii) existence of drilling rigs, platforms and other infrastructure, at or nearby the Project; (ix) proposed drilling schedule; (x) terms of the proposed transaction, including contractual restrictions and obligations and lease term; and (xi) overall cost of the Project. Working Interest in Leases The Projects that may be acquired by the Fund are expected to be located in the waters (either shallow or deepwaters) of the Gulf of Mexico offshore on the Outer Continental Shelf ("OCS"). The Fund anticipates that its operations and activities would then be governed by, among other things, the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act ("OCSLA"), which was enacted in 1953. Under OCSLA, as amended, the federal government has jurisdiction over oil and natural gas development on the OCS. Pursuant to the OCSLA, the Secretary of the Interior is empowered to sell exploration, development and production leases of a defined submerged area of the OCS - a "Block" - through a competitive bidding process. Such activity is conducted by the Minerals Management Services ("MMS"), an agency of the United States Department of Interior. As part of the leasing activity and as required by the OCSLA, the leases auctioned include certain lease terms such as the length of the lease, the amount of royalty to be paid, lease cancellation and suspension, and, to a degree, the "planned activities" of exploration and production to be conducted by the lessee. In addition, the OCSLA grants the Secretary of the Interior continuing oversight and approval authority over exploration plans throughout the term of the lease. 6 The winning bidder(s) at the lease sale - or Lessee(s) - are given a lease by the MMS that grants such lessee the exclusive right to conduct oil and natural gas exploration and production activities within a specific lease Block. The Lessee's rights to conduct such activities are called "Working Interests" and such Lessee obtains "title" to its particular ownership share of the Working Interest. Leases in the OCS are generally issued for a primary lease term of 5, 8 or 10 years depending on the water depth of the lease Block. During this "primary lease term", except in limited circumstances, Lessees are not subject to any particular requirements to conduct exploratory or development activities but in order to retain the lease rights beyond the initial term, the lessees must proceed with "due diligence" to begin exploration activities. However, once a Lessee begins exploration, the lease term generally is extended for so long as the well continues in commercial production. The Lessee of a particular Block, for the term of the lease, has the right to drill and develop exploratory wells and conduct other activities throughout the Block - i.e. Working Interests. If the initial well on the Block is successful, a Lessee (or the Operator) may conduct additional geological studies and may determine to drill additional developmental wells. If a developmental well is to be drilled in the Block, each Lessee owning Working Interests in the Block must be offered the opportunity to participate in, and cover the costs of, such developmental well up to that particular Lessee's Working Interest ownership percentage. Generally, if the Lessee elects to not participate in the additional well, it will lose its rights to such additional well. The rights of such non-participating Lessee to participate in such additional well in the Block will then either be acquired by the remaining Lessees or sold to third parties. Such rights are called Non-Consent Interests because they arise as a result of an existing Working Interest owner's failure to "consent" to supply additional capital for drilling new wells or other activities. Unlike a "Working Interest" owner, a "Non-Consent Interest" owner does not obtain title and ultimately the Non-Consent Interest reverts back to the original Working Interest owner when the participating parties in the well have received a penalty amount from the production attributable to the Non-Consent Interest. While the Manager intends to focus primarily on Working Interests, any Non-Consent Interest that the Fund will investigate or invest in will have significant potential for economic returns to Investors. Generally, the Working Interests in an offshore lease under the OCSLA are burdened by a 16.67% royalty payable to the federal government. Therefore, the net revenue interest of the holders of 100% of the Working Interest in the Projects in which the Fund will invest is approximately 83.33% of the total 7 revenue of the Project and further reduced by any other royalties that apply to a lease block. However, as described below, the MMS has adopted royalty relief both for existing OCS leases for those who drill deep wells in shallow waters and for drilling in deepwater. See, MMS Deep Gas royalty Incentive: Royalty Relief and Deepwater Royalty Relief. MMS Deep Gas Royalty Incentive: Royalty Relief On January 26, 2004, the MMS promulgated new rules providing for incentives for companies to increase deep natural gas production in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico ("Royalty Relief Rule"). Under the Royalty Relief Rule, the MMS will suspend royalties otherwise applicable for a certain amount of natural gas production when companies take the risk of exploring and developing deep-gas wells in shallow water areas that they have already leased. The purpose of the Royalty Relief Rule is to provide incentives for the development of such wells in which natural gas or oil production can come online quickly because the infrastructure (i.e., platforms and pipelines) to some degree is already in place. Under the Royalty Relief Rule, lessees will be eligible for royalty relief on their existing leases if they drill for new and deeper reserves at depths greater than 15,000 feet below sea level. In addition, an even larger royalty relief would be available for wells deeper than 18,000 feet. Public Policy for MMS Royalty Relief The Royalty Relief Rule illustrates a number of extremely important points. The motivation of the government, or the public policy behind the Royalty Relief Rule, is to stimulate exploration for major new gas fields in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico where: o government geologists and industry geologists generally agree represents the highest short term potential for discovering major new gas fields in the lower 48 states; and o these new gas fields are located near existing pipeline infrastructure, thus enabling wells in such areas to quickly be brought on production. It should be noted that the Royalty Relief Rule does not extend to deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico off the continental shelf. See, Deepwater Royalty Relief. The Royalty Relief Rule is limited to leases in a water depth less than 600 feet. The U.S. Government has leased massive areas of the Gulf in deep waters, and in ultra deep waters, which basically are areas with water depth of 1,000 feet to 10,000 feet. The government did not extend the Royalty Relief Rule to the deep waters and ultra deep waters because there is comparatively less pipeline infrastructure in place to quickly bring those discoveries to market. The Royalty Relief Rule applies to areas of the Gulf of Mexico where gas, if found, can quickly benefit the U.S. economy by coming to market. See, Deepwater Royalty Relief 8 Deepwater Exploration Activities The Fund will investigate, consider and possibly invest in Projects proposed to be located in the "deepwater" of the Gulf of Mexico. Generally, deepwater is defined as water depths in excess of 1,000 ft, although for certain purposes (e.g., deepwater royalty relief) water depths may be less. Exploration and production activities in the deepwater of the Gulf of Mexico have accelerated during the past several years and it is the view of many in the industry that such activity will significantly increase in the near future. There are a variety of reasons for this increased activity including, but not limited to, improvements to and new technologies for deepwater drilling, development and production; the discovery of major natural gas and oil fields in deepwater that have yielded wells with significant flow rates; deepwater royalty relief; improved seismic technologies; and the declining production from resources in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico. While most deepwater exploration activities seem to be targeted more towards oil reservoirs as opposed natural gas, there have been some large and significant natural gas discoveries in the deepwater of the Gulf of Mexico and more development of deepwater natural gas prospects is expected in the future. Generally, exploration and production activities in deepwater follow the same principals as in shallower waters and with the same associated risks, although deepwater exploration drilling presents additional challenges beyond those faced in shallower waters. Given the water depths, drilling, development and production activities tend to be more complicated and expensive. For example, for both drilling and production, platforms fixed to the seafloor may be both impractical and cost prohibitive depending on the water depths. In such cases, drilling and production activities would be undertaken by floating drilling rigs and production systems. These floating systems may be more susceptible to adverse weather conditions, such as hurricanes, and may be more costly and, in light of increased activity in deepwater, may be in short supply and thus more difficult to obtain and schedule. In addition, transportation and gathering systems are more prevalent and less costly in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico. In many deepwater areas of the Gulf of Mexico, transportation infrastructure is either inadequate or non-existent, pressures are greater, the water colder, and ocean currents stronger, all of which may make exploration and production in deepwater more costly and time consuming than in shallow waters. 9 Deepwater Royalty Relief The Deep Water Royalty Relief Act of 1995 (the "Deepwater Relief Act") was enacted to promote exploration and production of natural gas and oil in the deepwater of the Gulf of Mexico and relieves eligible leases from paying royalties to the U.S. Government on certain defined amounts of deepwater production. The Deepwater Relief Act expired in the year 2000 but the relief was extended by the MMS to promote continued interest in deepwater. For purposes of royalty relief, the MMS defines deepwater as depths in excess of 656 feet (200 meters). Currently, for leases entered into after November 2000, the MMS assigns a lease specific volume of royalty suspension based on how the suspension amount would affect the economics of the lease's development. The lease is given an automatic royalty suspension by the MMS and such lease is referred to as a "royalty suspension lease." Any such royalty suspension applicable to a particular lease is generally set forth in the lease auction materials prepared by the MMS. The amount of the suspension, if any, is not determined by water depth levels (as it had in the past) but rather based upon the MMS' view of the characteristics and economics of the project. For example, projects deemed relatively secure and safe such as those near existing transportation infrastructure may receive no royalty relief while a similar project far away from any such infrastructure or in an area deemed more risky may receive significant royalty relief. In addition, all post 2000 leases can apply to the MS for discretionary royalty relief. As a result, unlike the royalty relief associated with deep drilling in shallow waters, there is no formulaic or predictable means of determining in advance whether and to what extent royalty relief would be available for a potential deepwater project. Improved Seismic Data Reduces Risk for Deeper Drilling in Shallow Water and Deepwater Seismic surveys are performed to gather information on various formations including subsurface geological formations as well as information used to identify, among other things, potential geological hazards and environmentally sensitive areas. Developing and improved three-dimensional seismic technologies can provide a more accurate assessment of potential natural gas or oil reservoirs so that exploration and development wells can be optimally located and thereby reduce the potential number of wells needs to develop a field. As a result of improved seismic technology, drilling wells in shallow waters deeper than 15,000 feet below the sea bottom and wells in deepwater is now technologically feasible and less problematic, but may add some additional expense. 10 Pipeline and Gathering Infrastructure It has been estimated by the U.S Department of Energy that investment in pipeline and distribution infrastructure, both to maintain existing infrastructure and expand it, may average $8 billion per year during the next 5 to 10 years. Therefore, as demand for natural gas and oil further outstrips supply more pipelines and other gathering infrastructure will be needed. Although the Manager intends to focus primarily on obtaining interests in natural gas or oil wells, opportunities in the area of pipeline and gathering infrastructure may arise, either independently or in conjunction with or as part of a Working Interest. The Manager, in its discretion, may conclude that an investment by the Fund in such infrastructure and activities is in the best interests of the Fund. Pipeline "gathering systems" are designed to collect the natural gas or oil from the producing fields for transportation to the appropriate processing facilities. Gathering systems normally consist of one or more small diameter pipelines that are connected to and deliver natural gas or oil from the field, where it is extracted from the earth, to a central processing point. Once gathered through these pipelines from individual wells the natural gas or oil is transported to a processing facility, such as an oil refinery. The Fund will be focused primarily on natural gas or oil Projects but may consider investments in pipeline and other infrastructure on a stand-alone basis or as may be required as part of a larger Project. Commodity Purchase and Sale Agreement As of the date of this Offering, no definitive arrangements have been made for the sale or transportation of either the natural gas or oil that may be produced from the Projects or transported in any pipelines that the Fund may own. The Fund believes, however, that it is likely that natural gas or oil from the Projects described herein will have access to pipeline or other economic transportation alternatives and can be marketed. See Risk Considerations. Early Investment Incentive The Manager at any time during this Offering may have opportunities to invest in economically promising transactions for the Fund. The Manager is currently investigating such a transaction that may require an investment by the Fund potentially as early as mid-February of 2006. Early Investors who provide capital to the Fund to acquire such Projects, which ultimately provide benefits 11 to all Fund Investors, will receive an incremental benefit. The Fund is offering to such Early Investors an Early Investment Incentive upon the following terms and conditions: o For Investors who subscribe to the Fund between February 1, 2006 and February 28, 2006 and have fully paid their Capital Contribution shall be entitled to receive an Early Investment Incentive equal to $12,000 per $150,000 Share. o For Investors who subscribe to the Fund between March 1, 2006 and March 31, 2006 and have fully paid their Capital Contribution shall be entitled to receive an Early Investment Incentive equal to $8,000 per $150,000 Share o Investors who subscribe to the Fund on or after April 1, 2006 shall not be entitled to, nor shall they receive, an Early Investment Incentive. o The Manager anticipates that the Early Investment Incentive, as described herein, shall be paid either monthly or quarterly and begin when the Manager determines that the Fund has sufficient cash flow. The Manager will continue such payments, as described herein until the Early Investment Incentive to Investors entitled to such incentive have been paid in full. Thereafter, all Investors share in distributions of the Fund in accordance with their individual ownership percentage. o Other than any right to receive an Early Investment Incentive, all other rights, privileges and obligations of Investors of the Fund shall remain as described herein. Except for an Early Investment Incentive, as described herein, all Investors have equal rights as described in this Memorandum and set forth in the LLC Agreement. Voluntary Additional Capital Contributions and Supplemental Offering of Shares The LLC Agreement does not provide for any mandatory assessments of capital from Investors. This means that the Fund cannot require any Investor to contribute more money after such Investor completes his subscription and pays his initial Capital Contributions. The Fund anticipates that the net funds to be raised by this Offering will be adequate to pay and provide sufficient reserves for the Fund's share of all costs of acquiring, drilling and completing the Projects. However, if the Fund should require additional cash in the future for certain purposes such as drilling, completing and developing additional wells or if the Manager determines that the Fund should participate in drilling, completing, equipping, re-working or re-entering any such additional well 12 ("Additional Well Activities"), the Manager may determine, in its discretion, to fund these Additional Well Activities through the use of Fund cash flow or by borrowing. (Although the Manager has authority to borrow money, no Alphabet Fund has ever borrowed money, and the Manager does not intend to borrow in the future.) Alternatively, the Fund may, but is not obligated to, ask Investors, if they desire, to participate in these Additional Well Activities by making voluntary "Additional Capital Contributions". If voluntary Additional Capital Contributions are requested by the Fund to fund Additional Well Activities, the Manager will do so through a supplemental offering of a separate class or series of shares. The LLC Agreement provides for the creation and offering of any such class or series and provides the Manager with discretion in determining the nature, scope, amount and terms of such supplemental offering of a class or series of shares. Such discretion is necessary in order to provide the Manager with sufficient flexibility to fashion such supplemental offering in a way that best responds to the proposed project, as well as market conditions that exist at that time. In any event, the opportunity to participate in such supplemental offering of shares and make Additional Capital Contributions will be apportioned among all Investors in proportion to their initial Capital Contributions. If Investors who elect to make Additional Capital Contributions do not supply all of the necessary Additional Capital Contributions requested, the Manager in its discretion may request the Investors or any group thereof or other persons to fund the shortfall with Additional Capital Contributions or, in certain circumstances, loans. An Investor who elects not to participate in any supplemental offering of shares and does not provide Additional Capital Contributions for such Additional Well Activities will have no interest in such Additional Well Activities, but will retain his interest in the Projects in which the Fund has already invested. Insurance The Fund or Manager will seek to obtain hazard, property, general liability and other insurance in commercially reasonable amounts to cover the Projects, as well as general liability and similar coverage for the Fund's business operations. The Manager has obtained what it believes to be adequate insurance for prior Ridgewood Energy Programs, which insurance will apply to the Fund's Projects. There can be no assurance, however, that insurance on the Projects or the Fund will be adequate in scope or amount to protect the Fund from material losses related to the Projects. In addition, the Manager's past practice has been to obtain insurance as a package that is intended to cover most, if not all, of the Ridgewood Energy Programs. While the Manager believes that it has procured insurance sufficient to insure against most risks, the possibility does exist that depending on the occurrence, insurance may not be adequate to cover the entire loss sustained, if any, by the Fund. See Risk Considerations. 13 Operator Currently, the Fund anticipates that any Project in which it may invest will be operated and controlled by an unaffiliated third-party entity acting as Operator for the Projects. The Operator is responsible for drilling, administration and production activities for leases jointly owned by Working Interest owners and acts for the account of all Working Interest owners under the terms of the applicable Operating Agreements. Typically, Operating Agreements limit the Operator's liability and provide for circumstances under which the Working Interest owners may remove an Operator, although the Operator typically may resign at any time. In certain circumstances, Operators will enter into agreements with independent third-party subcontractors and suppliers to provide the various services required for operating leases. The Fund has not discussed or negotiated with any party to act as Operator of any of the Fund's Projects. Salvage Fund As to Projects in which the Fund owns a Working Interest, the Fund will (and may be required by the Operating Agreement to) reserve and set aside each month in a separate interest-bearing account ("Salvage Fund"), a portion of the Fund's share of net revenue, if any, that the Fund may receive from the production and sale of natural gas or oil from each such Project. The purpose of the Salvage Fund, which is in the nature of a sinking fund, is to provide for the Fund's proportionate share of the anticipated gross cost net of anticipated salvage value ("Anticipated Salvage Cost") of dismantling production platforms and facilities, plugging and abandoning the wells, and removing the platforms, facilities and wells in respect of each of such Projects after the end of their useful life, in accordance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations. There is no assurance that the Salvage Funds will have sufficient assets to meet these requirements, and any unfunded expenses will be a liability of the Fund. Any portion of a Salvage Fund that remains after the Fund pays its share of the actual salvage cost will be distributed to the Shareholders. Payments to each Salvage Fund will reduce the amount of cash distributions that may be made to Shareholders by the Fund. Competition Strong competition exists in the acquisition of oil and gas leases and in all sectors of the oil and gas exploration and production industry. Although the 14 Fund does not compete for the acquisition of working interests from the MMS, it does compete with other companies for the acquisition of percentage ownership interests in oil and gas working interests in the secondary market. Many companies with whom the Fund competes for these working interests tend to be larger companies that have financial and other resources substantially larger than those of the Fund. Regulation Oil and gas exploration and development activities are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations. Regulations governing exploration and development activities require the Fund's operators to obtain permits to drill wells and to meet bonding and insurance requirements in order to drill, own or operate wells. In addition, the location of wells, the method of drilling and casing wells, the restoration of properties upon which wells are drilled and the plugging and abandoning of wells are also subject to regulations. As mentioned earlier, federal offshore leases are administered by the MMS pursuant to regulations promulgated under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act. Lessees must obtain MMS approval for exploration, development and production plans prior to the commencement of offshore operations. In addition, approvals and permits are required from other agencies such as the U.S. Coast Guard, the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency. The MMS has promulgated regulations requiring offshore production facilities and pipelines located on the outer continental shelf to meet stringent engineering and construction specifications, and has proposed and/or promulgated additional safety-related regulations concerning the design and operating procedures of these facilities and pipelines. MMS regulations also restrict the flaring or venting of oil and gas, and proposed regulations would prohibit the flaring of liquid hydrocarbons and oil without prior authorization. The MMS has promulgated regulations governing the plugging and abandonment of wells located offshore and the installation and removal of all production facilities. Moreover, the operator's activities are also subject to numerous laws relating to environmental protection including, but not limited to, the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, the Clean Air Act, and comparable state and local requirements and the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act. 15 USE OF PROCEEDS
Maximum Proceeds* Minimum Proceeds Investment Fee to Manager $ 6,750,000 (4.5%) $ 67,500 (4.5%) Selling Commissions 12,000,000 (8%) 120,000 (8%) Placement Agent Fee 1,500,000 (1%) 15,000 (1%) Organizational, Distribution and Offering Fee (including 5,250,000 (3.5%) 52,500 (3.5%) legal, accounting, engineering and geologic consulting fees, printing, filing fees, etc.) Acquisition of or Participation in Projects and Fund Operations 124,500,00 (83%) 1,245,000 (83%) Total Proceeds from Offering ** $150,000,000 (100%) $1,500,000 (100%)
* The Manager, on behalf of the Fund, may in its sole discretion expand the offering up to $200,250,000 or more. ** Regardless of the gross proceeds of the Offering, the percentages associated with the Investment Fee (4.5%), Selling Commissions (8%), Placement Agent Fee (1%) and Organizational, Distribution and Offering Fee (3.5%) will remain the same. The annual Management Fee (2.5%) will be included as a part of Fund Operations. Under the LLC Agreement, the Fund may commence operations with minimum gross proceeds of $1,500,000 and a maximum of $150,000,000 (or $200,250,000 or more if the Fund is expanded in the Manager's discretion). After payment of the Investment Fee, selling commissions, Placement Agent Fee, Organizational, Distribution and Offering Fee, the Fund will have net funds of a minimum of $1,245,000 and a maximum of $124,500,000 (or more if the Fund is expanded by the Manager) available for investment in the Fund's Projects and operations. RISK CONSIDERATIONS Investment in natural gas and oil exploration and drilling or in infrastructure equipment or activities involves substantial risks and potential conflicts of interest and is suitable only for those persons who meet the Investor Suitability Standards, have a substantial net worth, have no need for liquidity from such investment, understand and are prepared to assume the substantial risks discussed below, and are able to bear the potential loss of the entire investment. Each prospective Investor should consider carefully the risk factors attendant to the purchase of Shares, including without limitation, those discussed below, and each should review the investment with his own legal, tax and financial advisors. 16 GENERAL RISKS RELATED TO NATURAL GAS AND OIL EXPLORATION, DRILLING, PIPELINES AND OPERATIONS The Fund's Drilling Activities May Not Be Productive Drilling for natural gas or oil in either shallow water or deepwater involves numerous risks, including the risk that the well will not have commercially productive reservoirs. The costs of drilling, completing and operating wells are often uncertain and drilling operations may be curtailed, delayed or canceled as a result of a variety of factors, including: o Unexpected drilling conditions; o Pressure or irregularities in formations; o Equipment failures or accidents; o Fires, explosions, blow-outs and surface cratering; o Marine risks such as capsizing, collisions and hurricanes; o Adverse weather conditions; and o Shortages or delays in the delivery of equipment. Therefore, drilling activities may not be successful and, if unsuccessful, could have an adverse effect on future results of the operations and financial conditions of the Fund. Drilling exploratory natural gas or oil wells is speculative, may be unprofitable, and may result in the total loss of your investment. While all drilling, whether developmental or exploratory, involves these risks, exploratory drilling involves greater risks of dry-holes or failure to find commercial quantities of natural gas or oil. Therefore, drilling activities may be unprofitable, not only from non-productive wells, but also from wells that do not produce natural gas or oil in sufficient quantities or quality to return a profit on the capital dollars invested. Reserve Data, Prices and Future Net Revenue Estimates are Uncertain and May be Wrong Estimates of reserves by necessity are projections based on engineering and geological data, including but not limited to, volumetrics, reservoir size and characteristics, the projection of future rates of production, and the timing of future expenditures. The process of estimating reserves requires substantial evaluation on the part of the petroleum engineers and geologists, resulting in 17 determinations that are not always precise, particularly with respect to new discoveries. The Fund will review the reserve analysis provided by the Operators. However, engineers who are not retained by Operators may make different estimates of reserve quantities and revenues attributable to those reserves based on the same data. The Manager employs individuals in its Texas office that can provide significant analysis of the Operator's information. However, if necessary, Fund may retain such independent engineers to review the Operator's reserve analysis and/or conduct an independent review. In any event, future performance that deviates significantly from reserve reports could have a material adverse effect on the Fund's operations, business and prospects, as well as on the amounts and carrying values of such reserves. In addition, the Fund's revenues, profitability, and cash flow are highly dependent on the price of either or both natural gas and oil, which is affected by numerous factors beyond the Fund's control. These prices historically have been very volatile. There can be no guarantee that prices in the future will be sufficient to make a profit on the sale of the Fund's natural gas or oil. Geological information and studies may not be available or fully developed when the Fund is considering investments nor is the Fund required to provide such information, when available, to Investors The Fund expects to utilize the net proceeds from this Offering for the acquisition, exploration and development of as yet unidentified Projects. As a result, prospective Investors may not have an opportunity to evaluate any such Projects before investing, nor will they participate in the selection of such Projects after investment in the Fund. In addition, when such geological and other technical information regarding a Project does become available to the Fund, neither the Manager nor the Fund is required to (but in its discretion may) provide such information to Investors. Consequently, prospective Investors will be relying upon the judgment of the Manager for such investment decisions. The Success of an Investment in an Infrastructure Project is subject to Risks Beyond the Fund's Control The business of transporting, gathering and processing natural gas or oil for third parties is subject to substantial risks. The volume of natural gas or oil involved in these activities depends on the actions of third parties, and is beyond the Fund's control. Further, the following factors, most of which are 18 beyond the Fund's control, may adversely impact the Fund's ability to maintain or increase its services and, thereby, its revenues, negotiate or renegotiate contracts, or to remarket unsubscribed pipeline capacity: o price competition; o drilling activity and supply availability; o changes in regulation and actions of regulatory bodies; o credit risk of customer base; o increased costs of capital; and o natural gas and oil prices. Operating Risks may cause substantial losses and insurance may not protect the Fund against all these risks Ridgewood Energy carries insurance on all projects owned by Ridgewood Energy Prior Programs. Ridgewood carries certain deductibles on many policies that must first be paid before collecting under the policy. In addition, the Operating Agreement normally requires the Operator to carry insurance to cover its activities under the Operating Agreement. Nevertheless, risks include: fires; explosions; blow-outs; uncontrollable flows of gas, formation water or drilling fluids; natural disasters; pipe or cement failures; casing collapses; abnormally pressured formations; acts of terrorism; and environmental hazards such as leaks and pipeline ruptures. Insurance to cover some of these risks may be prohibitively expensive or unavailable, particularly as to acts of terrorism. Offshore operations are subject to a variety of operating risks peculiar to the marine environment, such as capsizing, collisions and damage or loss from hurricanes or other adverse weather conditions. These conditions can cause substantial damage to facilities and interrupt production. As a result, the Fund could incur substantial liabilities that may not be covered entirely by insurance that could reduce or eliminate the funds available for exploration and development programs and acquisitions, or result in loss of its interest in the Projects. Additional Government Regulation May Affect the Fund's Operations or the Price of the Fund's Oil and Gas The energy exploration, drilling and development business could be subject to government regulation under which, among other things, rates of production from wells may be regulated. Government regulations may also impact the market for the Fund's natural gas or oil, which could adversely affect the price at which such gas is sold. Government regulations affecting environmental matters or offshore drilling and exploration activities could adversely impact the Fund's activities. Finally, while the gathering and processing activities are 19 generally not subject to rate regulation, under certain circumstances, the FERC may attempt nevertheless to exercise such jurisdiction. There is no way for the Fund to predict the nature and extent to which such regulations or other political activity may affect the Fund's operations. The Fund Must Rely on Third Parties Over Which it has Minimal or No Control to Operate its Projects. The Fund does not own any drilling equipment nor does it maintain a staff for on-site operations. Accordingly, it must rely completely upon the Operators and other third parties over whom the Fund and Manager have little or no control for drilling and other operations with respect to the Projects in which it invests. Moreover, the Manager is under no duty to share with Investors technical information regarding operations and drilling from the Operator. As a result, Investors are relying exclusively on the Manager to adequately manage any such relationship with a third party. The Working Interests in Which the Fund Will Invest are Jointly Owned with Other Participants, including the Operator, and Decisions about the Project may be Controlled or Influenced by these Participants It is anticipated that the Fund will own Working Interests in the Projects to be developed with persons unrelated to the Fund and the Manager. The Fund may own a minority or majority interest in such Working Interest with others. Regardless of the Fund's percentage ownership in a Working Interest or Project, the Fund will have the right to make decisions affecting the development of those Projects. However, important decisions with respect to development activities, which may be detrimental to the Fund, may be controlled or affected by the other owners of Working Interests in such Projects. Finally, the Fund could be held liable for the joint activity obligations or the tort actions of such other Working Interest owners, and this liability could in turn result in liability for the Manager. If the Fund's co-participants fail to pay their portion of the lease acquisition, drilling, testing and, if appropriate, completion costs for any lease, there may be insufficient funds to perform such work. If the Fund as a joint venturer or as a Working Interest owner does not contribute funds for additional wells proposed by other participants, the Fund will lose all of its rights to production from those additional wells. Moreover, while the Fund will monitor and participate in decisions affecting exploration and development of the leases or wells in which the Fund acquires a Working Interest or Non-Consent 20 Interest, decisions with respect to lease exploration and development activities may be controlled by the other participants since the Fund in many cases, but not all, is expected to own less than a 50% interest in each of such leases or wells. Further, the Fund will not originate and does not expect to operate any of the leases in which it acquires an interest. For that reason, Investors must not only bear the risk that the Fund will be able to select suitable Projects, but also that, once acquired, such Projects will be managed prudently, efficiently and fairly by their Operators. Furthermore, certain Working Interests in Projects that may be acquired by the Fund may be subject in some cases to expenses credited in favor of the persons from whom such leases and Projects were acquired, which interests and expenses will be in addition to the Manager's fees and interests described herein. The Salvage Fund may be Insufficient to Cover Salvage Costs and the Fund may be Liable for the excess As indicated above, the Fund may be required to create a Salvage Fund to cover certain Anticipated Salvage Costs. There is no assurance that the Salvage Funds will have sufficient assets to satisfy all such costs and the Fund maybe liable for its percentage share of unfunded expenses. Ownership of Federal Leases Federal law prohibits, with certain limited exceptions, the holding of interests in federal oil and natural gas leases by persons who are not citizens, nationals or permanent residents of the United States or corporate entities that are not a citizen of any state. Since the Fund intends to acquire interests in federal leases, each Investor must disclose in the Investor Subscription Booklet his nationality or, in the case of an entity, the place of incorporation. Prospective Investors who are not United States citizens or nationals or which are foreign corporations formed outside the United States must so inform the Fund when completing their Subscription Documents. The Fund will not accept a subscription from a non-United States citizen, national, permanent resident or foreign corporation if by accepting such subscription, as determined by the Manager in its sole discretion, a risk exists that a federal lease will be canceled or forfeited or that the Fund will be unable to acquire an interest in a federal lease or that the Fund will be in violation of federal law. 21 PARTICULAR RISKS RELATED TO THE SHARES The Ability to Transfer Shares is Extremely Limited and Investors Will be Required to Own the Shares Indefinitely Shares in the Fund will be an illiquid investment. There is no market for the Shares, and, because there will be a limited number of persons who purchase Shares and significant restrictions on the transferability of such Shares, it is expected that no public market will develop. Moreover, neither the Manager nor the Fund will provide any market for the Shares. Investors will generally be prohibited from selling or transferring their Shares except in the circumstances permitted under Article 13 of the LLC Agreement, and all such sales or transfers require the consent of the Fund, which may withhold such consent in its sole discretion. Accordingly, an Investor will have no assurance that he can liquidate his investment in the Fund and must be prepared to bear the economic risk of the investment until the Fund is terminated and dissolved. The illiquidity of and other significant risks associated with an investment in the Fund make the purchase of Shares suitable only for an Investor who has substantial net worth, who has no need for liquidity with respect to this investment, who understands the risks involved, who has reviewed this Memorandum and the Exhibits hereto and the risks involved with his tax, legal and investment advisors, who can sustain the complete loss of the investment, and who has adequate means of providing for his current and foreseeable needs and contingencies. Investors Will not be able to Participate in the Management of the Fund and Must Rely Exclusively on the Manager Investors will not have the right, power or authority to participate in the ordinary and routine management of the Fund or the Projects or to exercise control over the decisions of the Fund. Under the LLC Agreement, the Manager is granted the exclusive right to manage, control and operate the affairs and business of the Fund and to make all decisions relating thereto and will have full, complete and exclusive discretion with respect to all such matters. Accordingly, no prospective Investor should purchase any Shares unless the prospective Investor is willing to entrust all aspects of management of the Fund to the Manager. 22 There will be Limited Ability to Sell or Transfer Fund Assets such that the Fund will be Required to Own Under Performing Assets Indefinitely The Fund's interests in the Projects will be illiquid. The Fund does not anticipate selling its interests, or any part thereof, in the Projects. However, if the Fund were to attempt to sell any such interest, a successful sale would depend upon, among other things, the operating history and prospects for the well or interest therein being sold, proven natural gas or oil reserves, the number of potential purchasers and the economics of any bids made by them and the current economics of the natural gas or oil market. In addition, any such sale may result in adverse tax consequences to the Fund and Investors. The Manager will have full discretion to determine whether any Project, or any interest therein, should be sold and the Fund will have no obligation to sell all or a portion of it, or retain it, for the benefit of Investors. Investors may be required to remain in the Fund until it is terminated and dissolved. The Manager's Liability to the Fund May be Limited The LLC Agreement, which is controlled by Delaware law, provides that the Fund's officers and agents, the Manager, the affiliates of the Manager, and their respective directors, officers and agents when acting for the Manager or their affiliates on behalf of the Fund, (collectively, "Ridgewood Managing Persons") will be indemnified and held harmless by the Fund from any and all claims arising out of their management of the Fund, except for claims arising out of the bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct of such persons. Therefore, an Investor may have difficulty sustaining an action against any of the Ridgewood Managing Persons based on breach of its or his fiduciary responsibility or other obligations to the Fund. See Fiduciary Responsibilities of Manager - Indemnification and LLC Agreement - Exhibit A. There May Be Limited Ability to Spread Risk Because the Escrow Amount is $1,500,000, the Fund could be formed and conduct operations upon receipt of $1,500,000 in Capital Contributions from Investors. To the extent that the Fund does not receive substantial capital contributions once it begins operations, its ability to spread risks over a larger number of investments in Projects will be reduced. 23 The Manager Will Receive an Annual Management Fee Regardless of Profitability The Manager and its Affiliates will receive fees and compensation throughout the life of the Fund. Inherent in the fee and compensation arrangements are the possibility of conflicts between the best interests of the Investors and the best interests of the Manager. The Manager may have incentives to act in its best interests rather than in the best interest of the Investors. See Compensation; Conflicts of Interest. Expansion of the Fund may be Dilutive The Manager, on behalf of the Fund, in its discretion, may increase the maximum proceeds of this Offering from $150,000,000 to $200,250,000 or more. If the Fund were so increased, it could dilute the investment made by Investors prior to such expansion. However, such expansion would result in increased capital, enabling the Fund to invest in additional Projects and add diversification to the Fund's portfolio of Projects. Compensation of Manager and Affiliates Not Linked to Profitability Pursuant to the LLC Agreement, the Manager will receive certain fees and reimbursement of expenses. The fees payable under the LLC Agreement may be substantial and are payable whether or not the Fund operates at a profit. None of the compensation to be received by the Manager was derived as a result of arm's length negotiations. Modification of Delaware Law The LLC Agreement contains certain provisions that modify what would otherwise be the applicable Delaware law relating to the fiduciary standards of the Manager to the Investors. The fiduciary standards in the LLC Agreement could be less advantageous to the Investors and more advantageous to the Manager than the corresponding fiduciary standards otherwise applicable under Delaware law. In accordance with Delaware Law, the LLC Agreement Limits Investor Access to Certain Information Delaware law permits Delaware limited liability companies to restrict access to certain information provided that such restricted access is set forth in the limited liability agreement. The Fund's LLC Agreement contains provisions that do limit Investors' access to certain sensitive or confidential information. Therefore, Investors may not have the ability to obtain certain information from the Fund. See, Limitations on Investor's Information Rights; LLC Agreement. 24 Limited Liability of Investors The Fund will be governed by the LLC Act under which, as a general rule, an Investor's liability for the obligations of the Fund is limited to such Investor's Capital Contribution and such Investor's share of the Fund's assets. An Investor of the Fund will not otherwise be liable for the obligations of the Fund. Should an Investor participate in the management of the business of the Fund, in such case, the Investor may be liable to the Fund or other Investors for conduct that constitutes bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct. In addition, Investors should be aware that they potentially could be liable to return distributions made by the Fund if within a certain period of time after such distributions were made the Fund becomes insolvent. The Fund has not yet Finally and Conclusively Selected or Identified Projects The Fund expects to utilize the net proceeds from this Offering for the acquisition, exploration and development of as yet unidentified Projects. As a result, prospective Investors may not have an opportunity to evaluate any such Projects before investing, nor will they have a voice in the selection of such Projects after investment in the Fund. Consequently, prospective Investors will be relying upon the judgment of the Manager for such decisions. The Amount and Frequency of Cash Distributions Depends on the Fund's Operations and Need for Cash Reserves and is Uncertain No distributions will be made from the Fund to the Investors of the Fund until the Fund has funds that the Manager determines are not needed for the operation of the Fund. Accordingly, there is no assurance that any distributions from the Fund will be made to its Investors. Distributions will depend primarily on the Fund's net cash receipts from its operations. Moreover, distributions could be delayed to repay the principal and interest of Fund borrowings, if any, or to fund Fund costs. Fund income will be taxable to the Investors in the year earned, even if cash is not distributed. The Manager will not be Making a Capital Contribution but Will Receive Distributions While the Manager (in its capacity as such) generally will receive 15% of distributions of the Fund, it will not contribute any cash to the Fund with 25 respect to its interests as Manager (except to the extent that Fund Organizational, Distribution and Offering Expenses might exceed the Organizational, Distribution and Offering Fee). Accordingly, the Investors are expected to contribute substantially all of the funds actually utilized for Fund activities. If the entire venture is unsuccessful, the Investors will bear 100% of the loss (except to the extent that the Manager purchases Shares for its own account). See Terms of Offering. Risks of Potential Conflicts of Interest There are potential conflicts of interest involved in the operation of the Fund. Some examples of these potential conflicts include without limitation: o competing demands for management resources of the Manager among the prior Ridgewood Energy Programs; o conflicts between the interests of the Manager and its Affiliates in receiving compensation from the Fund for investment activities, operating activities, and divestitures, as well as reimbursement for expenses, and the interests of the Investors; o conflicts relating to the allocation of costs and expenses among the Fund and prior Ridgewood Energy Programs; o conflicts arising from the fact that the Manager will not make a capital contribution in respect of its interest as such in the Fund, and that the Investors will supply all of the capital of the Fund; o conflicts as to who will supply additional capital in the event the Fund were to require additional contributions; and o the lack of independent representation of Investors in structuring this offering and in determining compensation. See Conflicts of Interest TAX RISKS The Fund is organized as a Delaware limited liability company and the Manager intends to operate the Fund such that it will qualify as a partnership for federal tax purposes. The principal tax risks to the Investors are that: (A) the Fund may recognize income taxable to the Investors but may not distribute enough cash to cover the Investors' income tax on their shares of the Fund's taxable income; (B) the allocation of Fund items of income, gain, loss, and deduction in the LLC Agreement may not be respected for federal income tax purposes; (C) all or a portion of the Fund's expenses could be considered either investment expenses (which would be deductible by an Investor only to the extent the aggregate of such expenses exceeded 2% of such Investor's adjusted gross income) or as nondeductible items that must be capitalized; (D) all or a 26 substantial portion of the Fund's income will be deemed to constitute unrelated business taxable income, consequently tax-exempt Investors will be subject to tax on their respective portions of such income; (E) a charitable remainder trust that is an Investor could have all of its income from any source deemed to be taxable; (F) all or a portion of the losses, if any, allocated to the Investors will be "passive losses" and thus deductible by the Investor only to the extent of passive income; and (G) the Investors could have capital losses in excess of the amount that is allowable as a deduction in a particular year. Although the Fund has obtained an opinion of counsel regarding the matters described in the preceding paragraph, the Fund will not obtain a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the "Service") as to any aspect of its tax status. See Tax Aspects. The tax consequences of investing in the Fund could be altered at any time by legislative, judicial, or administrative action. Prospective Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors prior to investing in the Fund. The Service may audit the Fund's tax returns. Any audit issues will be determined at the Fund level. If adjustments are made by the Service, corresponding adjustments will be required to be made to the federal income tax returns of the Investors, which may require payment of additional taxes, interest, and penalties. Audit of a Fund return may result in examination and audit of an Investor's return that otherwise might not have occurred, and such audit may result in adjustments to items in the Investor's return that are unrelated to the Fund. Each Investor must bear the expenses associated with an audit of that Investor's return. In the event that an audit of the Fund by the Service results in adjustments to the tax liability of an Investor, such Investor will be subject to interest on the underpayment and may be subject to substantial penalties. The statutory rate of interest on deficiencies is presently 7% per annum compounded daily. In addition, a number of substantial penalties could potentially be asserted by the Service on any such deficiencies. Significant and fundamental changes in the nation's federal income tax laws have been made in recent years and additional changes are likely. Any such change may affect the Fund and the Investors. Moreover, judicial decisions, regulations or administrative pronouncements could unfavorably affect the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund. See Tax Aspects for a more in depth explanation of the tax implications of investing in the Fund. 27 TERMS OF THE OFFERING General Offering Terms The Offering consists of a minimum of 10 Investor Shares (representing Capital Contributions of $1,500,000) and a maximum of 1,000 Investor Shares (representing Capital Contributions of $150,000,000) of beneficial interest in the Fund that are offered at $150,000 per Share. Fractional Investor Shares are available for purchase. The Fund may in its sole discretion expand the maximum offering to 1,335 Investor Shares or more (representing Capital Contributions of $200,250,000 or more) prior to the Termination Date in the event that it determines that additional capital is required. The price for each Investor Share is payable all in cash at the time the prospective Investor delivers a completed and executed Subscription Agreement to the Fund, unless the Fund decides otherwise in its sole discretion. All proceeds from the sale of Investor Shares must be deposited in a separate segregated interest-bearing escrow account at North Fork Bank until the Escrow Date, which is the date on which the Fund accepts Investor subscriptions of at least $1,500,000 in the aggregate. The account will be held in the name of "Ridgewood Energy S Fund LLC - Share Escrow Account" and until the escrow conditions are fulfilled the Fund will not invest any funds, no fees applicable to those subscriptions will be paid from the escrow account and interest on the escrowed funds will be held in the escrow account. If 10 Investor Shares are not subscribed and paid for in collected funds by the close of business on July 31, 2006, the Fund will terminate and the Investors' Capital Contributions, together with any interest thereon, will be returned by the escrow agent promptly to the Investors. If the escrow conditions are fulfilled no later than July 31, 2006, the Fund's proceeds, net of fees described below, will be maintained thereafter in the name of the Fund, in one or more separate, segregated accounts at commercial banks chosen by the Manager. Funds released from the escrow account will be used to pay the Investment Fee, Organizational, Distribution and Offering Fee, selling commissions and Placement Agent Fee due at that time. Subsequent receipts from this offering will be applied in the same manner when deposited. After payment of these fees, the remaining funds will be used to develop the Fund's Projects. The termination date of this Offering of Investor Shares will be July 31, 2006 (the "Termination Date"). The Fund may in its sole discretion terminate the initial offering of Investor Shares at any time before the Termination Date or extend the scheduled Termination Date to any date or from date to date but in no event beyond 90 days after the Termination Date. 28 The Offering may be withdrawn by the Fund in its discretion and for any reason at any time prior to the Termination Date as set by it. If the Offering is withdrawn prior to satisfaction of the escrow conditions, then all cash received from subscriptions will be returned promptly to the respective subscribers, together with any interest earned on such amount. If the Offering is withdrawn after the escrow conditions have been satisfied but prior to the Termination Date, then all cash received from subscriptions, net of third party fees, will be returned promptly to the respective subscribers, together with any interest earned on such amount. For purposes of this provision, third party fees shall not include those fees paid to the Manager or its affiliates. Prospective qualified Investors may subscribe for the purchase of Investor Shares in the Fund by completing and executing in full all of the appropriate documents contained in the Investor Subscription Booklet (separately bound as Exhibit D) and delivering such documents, together with the purchase price, to the Fund, which includes the Investor Subscription Agreement. The Investor Subscription Agreement contains representations to be made by prospective Investors, the violation of which may entitle the Fund, the Manager and others to indemnification for any losses resulting therefrom. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION The Investor Shares will be offered on a "best-efforts" basis through Ridgewood Securities Corporation (the "Placement Agent"), which is a registered broker-dealer and a member of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. ("NASD"), and by other registered broker-dealers who may also serve as purchaser representatives in connection with this offering. Robert E. Swanson, the President and controlling member of the Manager and the President of the Fund, is the President, registered principal and sole stockholder of the Placement Agent. Selling commissions equal to 8% of the gross proceeds from the sale of Investor Shares will be paid to the Placement Agent and to other participating broker-dealers, as the case may be, and the Placement Agent will be paid an amount equal to 1% of the aggregate Capital Contributions for serving as placement agent (the "Placement Agent Fee"). See LLC Agreement - Exhibit A. Payment of the selling commission and Placement Agent Fee will be due and payable promptly after the latest to occur of (1) acceptance by the Fund of an Investor's subscription, (2) the Escrow Date or (3) the receipt and collection by the Fund of the gross purchase price for the Investor Shares in question. A 29 similar selling commission and Placement Agent Fee will be paid with respect to any sales of additional Investor Shares. By executing and delivering the Subscription Agreement to the Fund, each Investor will be deemed to have consented to the arrangements between the Fund and the Placement Agent as described in this Memorandum. The Manager will coordinate the offering of the Investor Shares, will prepare promotional materials and will provide support to cooperating broker-dealers who participate in the offering. The Manager is also responsible for review of Investor subscriptions, approval of subscriptions and Investor relations during the offering. The Fund reserves the right to waive the payment of all or a portion of a selling commission or the Placement Agent Fee by any Investor, in which case the cost of the Fund interest to any such Investor will be less than the cost of an equivalent Fund interest to an Investor paying a full commission and Placement Agent Fee. The Fund contemplates that it will exercise these rights, without limitation, in respect of Investors who make Capital Contributions of $1,050,000 (7 Investor Shares) or more by waiving payment of all or a portion of the selling commission and Placement Agent Fee and by modifying the Managing Shareholder's compensation as described below. To the extent permitted by law, the Placement Agent is to be indemnified by the Fund against any liability based upon the assertion that it has no obligation to the Fund or Shareholders to monitor Fund operations or to report to Investors. PARTICIPATION IN COSTS AND REVENUES The Fund's investment objective is primarily to generate current cash flow for distribution to Investors from the operation of the Fund Projects to the extent that such distributions are consistent with the reserve requirements and operational needs of those Projects. If the Fund does make distributions, this section describes how the Fund will: o determine what cash flow will be available for distributions to Investors, o distribute available cash flow, o give the Manager a share of cash flow, if available, o handle returns of Capital Contributions, o allocate income and deductions for tax purposes, and o maintain capital accounts for Investors. 30 "Available Cash" determines what amounts in cash the Fund will be able to distribute in cash to Investors. There are three types of Available Cash: "Available Cash From Capital Transactions" is total cash received by the Fund from the proceeds of the sale or other disposition of the Fund's Property (including items such as insurance proceeds, refinancing proceeds, condemnation proceeds and other amounts received out of the ordinary course of business), but excluding dispositions of temporary investments of the Fund. "Available Cash From Temporary Investments" is cash from Temporary Investments, as defined in the LLC Agreement. "Available Cash From Operations" is all other Available Cash. The terms "Available Cash from Capital Transactions", "Available Cash from Operations", Available Cash from Temporary Investments", "Capital Transactions, and "Temporary Investments" are defined in the LLC Agreement and are not defined by and are not the same as similar concepts under generally accepted accounting principles. There is no fixed requirement to distribute Available Cash; instead, it will be distributed to Shareholders to the extent and at such times as the Fund believes is advisable. Once the amount and timing of a distribution is determined, it shall be made to Investors as described below. Distributions From Operations At various times during a calendar year, the Fund will determine whether there is enough Available Cash From Operations for a distribution to Shareholders. The amount of Available Cash From Operations determined to be available, if any, excluding any amounts distributable as an Early Investment Incentive, will be distributed to the Shareholders. At all times, the Manager will be entitled to 15% and Investors will be entitled to 85% of the Available Cash from Operations distributed (other than distributions attributable to the Early Investment Incentive). Distributions of Available Cash From Capital Transactions Available Cash From Capital Transactions that the Fund decides to distribute will be paid as follows: 31 o Before Investors have received total distributions (including distributions from Available Cash From Operations and Available Cash From Capital Transactions, but excluding distributions attributable to the Early Investment Incentive and distributions of Available Cash from Temporary Investments) equal to their Capital Contributions, 99% of Available Cash From Capital Transactions will be distributed to Investors and 1% to the Manager. o After Investors have received total distributions (including Available Cash From Operations and Available Cash From Capital transactions, but excluding distributions attributable to the Early Investment Incentive and distributions of Available Cash from Temporary Investments) equal to their Capital Contributions, 85% of Available Cash From Capital Transactions will be distributed to Investors and 15% to the Manager. General Distribution Provisions After payment of the Early Investment Incentive, distributions to Investors under the foregoing provisions will be apportioned among them in proportion to their ownership of Investor Shares. The Manager has the sole discretion to determine the amount and frequency of any distributions; provided, however, that a distribution may not be made selectively to one Shareholder or group of Shareholders but must be made ratably to all Shareholders entitled to that type of distribution at that time. The Manager in its discretion nevertheless may credit select persons with a portion of its compensation from the Fund or distributions otherwise payable to the Manager. Because distributions, if any, will be dependent upon the earnings and financial condition of the Fund, its anticipated obligations, the Manager's discretion and other factors, there can be no assurance as to the frequency or amounts of any distributions that the Fund may make. Return of Capital Contributions If the Fund for any reason at any time does not find it necessary or appropriate to retain or expend all Capital Contributions, in its sole discretion it may return any or all of such excess Capital Contributions ratably to Investors. A return of Capital Contributions is not treated as a distribution. The Fund and the Manager will not be required to return any fees deducted from the original Capital Contribution or any costs and expenses incurred and paid by the Fund. The Investors will be notified of the source of the payment. Any such return of capital will decrease the Investors' Capital Contributions. 32 Capital Accounts and Allocations The tax consequences of an investment in the Fund to a Shareholder in the event of dissolution depend on the Shareholder's capital account and on the allocations of profits and losses to that account. The Fund's taxable profits or losses are allocated among the Shareholders as described below and profits or losses are added to or subtracted from the Shareholders' capital accounts. The amounts allocated to each Shareholder will generally not be equal to the distributions the Shareholder receives until final liquidating distributions are made to Shareholders. Each Shareholder will have a capital account, which will have an initial balance equal to the Shareholder's Capital Contribution. Capital accounts will be adjusted in accordance with Regulations under Code Section 704. The capital account balance will be increased by any additional Capital Contributions by the Shareholder and by profits allocated to the Shareholder; it will be decreased by the amount of distributions to the Shareholder, returns of capital and by losses allocated to the Shareholder. Contributions of property by a Shareholder, if any, or distributions of property to a Shareholder, if any, are valued at fair market value, net of liabilities. The Fund does not currently anticipate that any contributions or distributions of property will be made. Certain additional adjustments to capital accounts will be made if necessary to account for the effects of non-recourse debt incurred by the Fund, if any, or contributions of property, if any, to the Fund. See Tax Aspects - Allocations. For any year, profits and losses are allocated in accordance with Articles 4 and 7 of the LLC Agreement. In general, profits and losses in any year are allocated 85% to Investors and 15% to the Manager. The primary exception to this treatment is that all items of expense, loss, deduction and credit attributable to Capital Transactions (notably intangible drilling expense) are allocated 99% to Investors and 1% to the Manager. COMPENSATION The following table sets forth the types of fees the Manager, Affiliates and certain consultants or independent third parties may receive in connection with the Offering and operation of the Fund. These fees were not determined through arms-length negotiations. 33
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OFFERING STAGE ====================================================================================================================== ====================================================================================================================== Selling Commissions Ridgewood Securities, an $12,000 per full Investor Share (8%), which will be affiliate of the Manager or reallowed to participating broker-dealers. participating broker-dealers ====================================================================================================================== Placement Agent Fee Ridgewood Securities, an $1,500 per full Investor Share (1%). affiliate of the Manager ====================================================================================================================== Investment Fee Manager $6,750 per full Investor Share (4.5%), which is for the Manager's services in investigating and evaluating the Projects for investing the capital contributed to the Fund. ====================================================================================================================== Organizational, Manager $5,250 per full Investor Share (3.5%), which is Distribution and Offering intended to pay legal, organizational and other Fee expenses of offering the Fund. - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPERATING STAGE ====================================================================================================================== Management Fee Manager The annual management fee is 2.5% of the total Capital Contributions ($3,750 per full Investor Share). ====================================================================================================================== Distributive Share Manager See Participation in Costs and Revenues. Generally 15% of distributions. - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
With respect to selling commissions, Ridgewood Securities, an affiliate of the Manager, may pay additional compensation out of its own funds to certain registered broker-dealers that undertake to perform additional due diligence and other services, including a portion of its net revenues attributable to its interests in the Fund or fees payable to it by the Fund. The Manager reserves the right to pay similar additional compensation from its own funds to broker-dealers that provide services and otherwise assist in the sale of Investor Shares. In addition, Ridgewood Energy, in its sole discretion, may pay over to certain Investors a portion of distributions or fees from the Fund otherwise payable to Ridgewood Energy. In addition to the Management Fee set forth above, the Manager will be entitled to reimbursement from the Fund for all actual and necessary direct expenses paid or incurred in connection with the operation of the Fund to the extent that those expenses were incurred by the Manager in carrying out the responsibilities assigned to it by the LLC Agreement, do not constitute organizational, distribution and offering expenses and do not constitute expenses defrayed from the Management Fee. Finally, the Manager may be entitled to reimbursement from the Fund for direct expenses actually incurred for operational or project development services it provides to a Project to the extent that such charges do not exceed amounts that would be charged by unrelated third parties and the Project itself does not reimburse such direct expenses. 34 FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE MANAGER The Manager is not liable to persons other than the Fund or the Investors for any obligation of the Fund. The Investors and the Fund may have a number of legal remedies against the Manager in the event it was to breach its duties. Under the laws of Delaware, the Manager is accountable as a fiduciary and must exercise good faith in handling Fund affairs. In managing the Fund, it is likely that the Manager would be entitled to the benefits of the "business judgment rule" of Delaware law that provides that the courts will not hold the Manager liable for its negligence or mistaken decisions in the absence of bad faith or willful misconduct Limitations on Investors' Information Rights. Under Delaware law, Delaware limited liability companies such as the Fund are permitted to restrict Investors' rights to demand certain information from the Fund. The restrictions need not be reasonable if they are either included in the limited liability company's original organizing agreement or are unanimously adopted by all members of the company thereafter. The Fund has included the restrictions described below in the LLC Agreement. By subscribing to purchase Investor Shares, each Investor agrees to all provisions of the LLC Agreement, including without limitation the following: o No Investor or other person acting in the right of or for the benefit of an Investor is entitled to receive from the Fund or its management any information concerning any other Investor or offeree of the Fund's securities, without the prior written consent of the other Investor or offeree. o The Fund may withhold, redact ("white-out" or obliterate) or summarize other types of information so as to prevent Investor information from being disclosed in violation of the paragraph immediately above. For example, the Fund's tax returns may be redacted to eliminate the names and addresses of other Investors and information concerning them. o Each Investor is entitled to obtain the following information from the Fund upon reasonable written demand stating the purpose of the demand (which must be reasonably related to the Investor's interest in the Fund): 35 o true and full information regarding the Fund's business and financial condition and the contributions (but not the contributors) to the Fund; o copies of the Fund's tax returns redacted to eliminate Investor information, the LLC Agreement and material agreements between the Fund and the Manager or other relevant Ridgewood Programs; and o other reasonable information regarding the Fund. o Investors are not entitled to agreements, technical information, trade secrets and other confidential information relating to the Fund's investments. o The LLC Agreement sets out all rights that Investors have to demand or receive information from the Fund, except as provided by the federal securities laws or other laws that are not superseded by the LLC Agreement. o The Fund may establish reasonable standards and limitations on disclosures of information and costs of providing that information will be borne by the requesting Investor. o Providing information to one Investor or to persons outside a Fund does not act as a waiver of the Fund's rights to withhold information to another Investor. Indemnification. The LLC Agreement provides that neither the Manager nor any of its Affiliates will be liable, responsible, or accountable in damages or otherwise to the Fund or any Investor for any loss or damage incurred by reason of any act performed by or omission of the Manager or such Affiliates in the furtherance of the interests of the Fund and within the scope of the authority granted to the indemnified person by the LLC Agreement or by the Investors, provided that such acts of the indemnified person did not constitute willful misconduct, bad faith, gross negligence or any other material breach of fiduciary duty with respect to such acts or omissions. The Fund, out of its assets and not out of the assets of the Manager or other persons, will, to the full extent permitted by law, indemnify and hold harmless the Manager and any of its Affiliates who were or are parties or are threatened to be made parties to any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding by reason of any acts, omissions, or alleged acts or omissions arising out of such person's activities as a Manager, or as an Affiliate of such Manager, if such activities were performed in good faith in furtherance of the interests of the Fund and were within the scope of the authority conferred to such person by the LLC Agreement or by the Investors against losses, damages, or expenses for which 36 such person has not otherwise been reimbursed, provided that the acts of such person did not constitute willful misconduct, recklessness, bad faith, gross negligence or any other material breach of fiduciary duty with respect to such acts or omissions. Expenses of defense or settlement may be advanced to a person who may be entitled to indemnification in advance of a determination that indemnification will be provided, if that person undertakes to repay the advance if it is ultimately determined that such person was not entitled to indemnification and if, in the Manager's discretion, it is reasonable to do so. A successful claim for indemnification would reduce the assets of the Fund. Provisions reducing the liability or providing for indemnification of the Manager and its Affiliates may have the effect of encouraging less prudent decisions because of the decreased likelihood of being held accountable and may serve to deter derivative actions against them even though such actions if successful might benefit the Fund. The Investor Subscription Booklet contains representations that will be made by prospective Investors as to their financial condition, the suitability of their investments in the Fund, their receipt and understanding of the Offering materials and compliance with applicable securities laws. If these representations are untrue, the Investor making them will be obligated to indemnify the Fund, the Manager and others involved in the Offering of Investor Shares for any losses resulting therefrom. The Manager has obtained limited directors' and officers' liability insurance and other liability insurance on behalf of the Manager, its principals, and the Fund. Substantially all of the premiums for this insurance will be paid by the Fund and the other programs sponsored by the Manager or its Affiliates. Other Matters. The Manager is not required to take action on behalf of a Fund unless such Fund has sufficient funds to meet obligations that might arise from that action. The Manager is not required to advance or expend its own funds for ordinary Fund business but is entitled to reimbursement from the Fund if the Manager does so consistent with the LLC Agreement. The Manager is not required to devote its time exclusively to the Fund and may engage in any other venture. The Fund and its Affiliates are permitted to vote any Investor Shares they own on matters on which the Investors may vote. In cases where the Manager or its Affiliates or employees have an interest in the matter being voted on, the effect of their voting Investor Shares owned by them will be determined by 37 principles of Delaware law applicable to directors, officers and stockholders of Delaware corporations. In general, this law would permit and recognize the voting of those Shares. In a court proceeding challenging the validity of the action taken under that vote, the burden of proof would vary depending on the vote of "uninterested stockholders." If a majority of the Shares voted by persons having no special interest in the transaction are voted in favor of the action, the burden of providing that the action was unfair to a Fund would be borne by the persons challenging the action. If, in contrast, the persons having no special interest in the action do not vote a majority of the Shares in favor, the interested Manager or other persons would have the burden of convincing the court that the action was fair to the Fund. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The Investors will not be involved in the day-to-day operations of the Fund. Accordingly, the Investors must rely on the Manager's judgment in such matters. Inherent with the exercise of its judgment, the Manager will be faced with conflicts of interest which are described in the LLC Agreement, but include without limitation: o The participation by the Manager and its Affiliates in natural gas and oil exploration and production activities on behalf of the prior Ridgewood Energy Programs ("Prior Programs"), the effect of which is that the Manager owes a duty of good faith to the programs which it manages and actions taken with regard such Prior Programs may not be advantageous to the Fund. o The Manager or its Affiliates may provide services to the Fund. The Manager and such affiliates will be compensated for such services at rates competitive with the rates charged by unaffiliated persons for similar services. o If additional wells are proposed in Projects in which the Fund has acquired either Working Interests or Non-Consent Interests, a conflict of interest could result between the Fund and a subsequent program as to whether the Fund or that program should be entitled to participate in the additional wells. The Manager, in its discretion, may first allocate the opportunity to the Fund, if it has uninvested proceeds of this Offering, and then will consider whether to solicit voluntary additional capital contributions from the investors in a prior Ridgewood Energy Program, in the Fund, or both. If the Manager does not solicit voluntary additional capital contributions, it may organize another investment program to acquire the resulting Working Interests or Non-Consent Interests. All these entities would have 38 conflicting interests. Moreover, should the Manager elect to solicit voluntary additional capital contributions from existing Investors, the rights of Investors who participate and the terms upon which they participate could conflict with the terms of this Offering and with Investors of the Fund who elect to not participate in any subsequent offering. o Any ownership interests in the Fund by the Manager or its Affiliates may have the effect of diluting the voting power of the other Investors in the Fund. o The Manager and its Affiliates are currently and may in the future act as managers, sponsors or participants in other investment ventures similar to the Fund or with similar objectives, or in differing industries. These may create conflicting demands on the time and resources of the Manager and its Affiliates or create conflicting duties to the other ventures and the Fund. o The rights to wells on locations in which the Fund may invest may be on locations adjacent to wells and leases owned by the prior Ridgewood Energy Programs. While the proposed wells are not to be drilled for the purpose of proving or disproving the existence of gas on any adjacent acreage, such drilling activities may incidentally develop information valuable to one or more prior Ridgewood Energy Programs, the Manager or its Affiliates in evaluating their nearby acreage at no cost to them. In addition, the Fund could make an investment in a well or infrastructure that could potentially enhance the value of an investment made by a prior Ridgewood Energy Program. Accordingly, a conflict of interest will exist between the interest of the Fund and the interest of a prior Ridgewood Energy Program, the Manager or its Affiliates in selecting the location and type of operations in which the Fund will participate. There can be no assurance that transactions between the Fund and its Affiliates, if any, will be on terms as favorable as could have been negotiated with unaffiliated third parties. o Other interests of Operators or participants in leases or their Affiliates may also be in conflict with those of the Fund. The Fund will enter into Operating Agreements with participants in respect of the Projects in which the Fund invests. Participants in those leases may engage in oil and natural gas lease acquisition, exploration, and production activities that may compete with the Fund. o The Manager is authorized under the LLC Agreement to make subjective determinations of the value of the Fund's assets. Such valuation could impact or influence the performance record of the Fund. 39 o The Fund has provided no independent representation of prospective Investors in connection with this Offering, and each prospective Investor should seek independent advice and counsel before making an investment in the Fund. o The Fund may acquire a "Non-Consent Interest" in a particular well from certain Working Interest owners, including possibly, those owned by Affiliates. Ultimately, Non-Consent Interests revert back to the original Working Interest owner upon the recoupment by the participating parties of a penalty amount from the production attributable to the non-consent interest. As a result, the Manager could possibly devote more management time to Working Interests of the Fund or other Ridgewood Energy Programs that do not revert to a third-party. o In addition to any government royalties, the Fund may invest in a well that may also require payment of royalties to certain other entities, including, possibly, affiliates of the Fund, who posses an "overriding interest" in such well. Payment of royalties to owners of any such overriding interest may reduce the gross revenue to the Fund from such well. o The Manager has complete discretion with respect to whether and when to make distributions and the amount thereof. No distributions will be made from the Fund to the Investors of the Fund until the Fund has funds that the Manager determines are not needed for the operation of the Fund. Accordingly, there is no assurance that any distributions from the Fund will be made to its Investors. Distributions will depend primarily on the Fund's net cash receipts from its operations. Moreover, distributions could be delayed to repay the principal and interest of Fund borrowings, if any, or to fund Fund costs. Fund income will be taxable to the Investors in the year earned, even if cash is not distributed. The timing and amount of distributions, if any, will also impact upon the Manager's entitlement to distributions. o Finally, pursuant to the LLC Agreement, the Manager acts as the "tax matters partner" and, accordingly will be making determinations for the Fund regarding taxes that may impact the Manager differently than the Investors. 40 One factor that reduces conflicts of interest is that the Manager receives the same fees from every Fund. Therefore, there is no financial incentive to favor one Fund over another. The Manager and its Affiliates will attempt, in good faith, to resolve all conflicts of interest in a fair and equitable manner with respect to all persons affected by those conflicts of interest. Prospective investors should be aware that the Manager and its Affiliates have not formally adopted procedures or criteria to avoid or to resolve all conflicts of interest that may arise between the Manager, its Affiliates, prior Ridgewood Energy Programs, and the Fund. Under the LLC Agreement, in resolving any conflict of interest that may arise, the Manager is not liable to Investors for such resolution unless it has acted in bad faith, engaged in gross negligence or willful misconduct. MANAGEMENT The Ridgewood Companies, founded by Robert Swanson, began in 1982 with Ridgewood Energy Corporation. In 1991, Ridgewood Renewable Power was formed to manage a series of investment programs focusing on the independent electric power generation industry. Ridgewood Renewable Power has sponsored twelve funds that have invested primarily in environmentally friendly power plants such as landfill gas-fired, biomass-fired, and hydroelectric generating facilities. In 1998, Ridgewood Capital was formed to take advantage of the dramatic growth in the technology sector. Since then Ridgewood Capital has sponsored six investment funds which have invested in private technology companies. The Manager As the Manager of the Fund, Ridgewood Energy Corporation ("Ridgewood Energy") will have direct and exclusive discretion in management and control of the affairs of the Fund. Robert Swanson formed Ridgewood Energy, which has sponsored oil, natural gas and other related natural resource investment programs. The programs have acquired lease interests, financed them and participated in making exploration, development, production, and marketing decisions. Ridgewood Energy began by organizing investment programs in the oil and gas industry for high net-worth individuals. From the outset, Ridgewood's programs focused on returning high-yielding cash dividends to investors over an extended period of time combined with certain tax benefits. Later programs de-emphasized the tax benefits and have focused on revenues and profitability. Capital raised from investors has been used to purchase interests in operations designed to extract oil or natural gas from underwater deposits, mainly in the Gulf of Mexico. 41 THE PERFORMANCE OF PREVIOUS RIDGEWOOD PROGRAMS IN OTHER GULF OF MEXICO PROSPECTS OR OF OTHER OPERATIONS IN SIMILAR OR CONTIGUOUS PROPERTIES SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED TO PROVIDE ANY ASSURANCE THAT THIS FUND WILL BE SUCCESSFUL OR GENERATE A PROFIT. SEE EXHIBIT B FOR RIDGEWOOD ENERGY'S TRACK RECORD. Ridgewood's executive team includes: Robert E. Swanson, age 58, is the Chairman and President, manager and controlling shareholder of Ridgewood Energy. Mr. Swanson is the Chief Executive Officer and controlling member of Ridgewood Renewable Power, Ridgewood Capital Management and other affiliates. Mr. Swanson was a tax partner at the former New York and Los Angeles law firm of Fulop & Hardee and an officer in the Investment Division of Morgan Guaranty Trust Company. His specialty was in personal tax and financial planning, including income, estate and gift tax. Mr. Swanson is a member of the New York State and New Jersey bars. He is a graduate of Amherst College and Fordham University Law School. Mr. Swanson and his wife, Barbara Mardinly Swanson are the authors of "Tax Shelters, A Guide for Investors and Their Advisors," published by Dow Jones-Irwin in 1982 and published in revised editions in 1984 and 1985. Greg Tabor, age 42 is Executive Vice President and Director of Business Development for Ridgewood Energy. Mr. Tabor heads the Houston office of Ridgewood Energy. Mr. Tabor has 20 years experience in petroleum business development and as a land man responsible for negotiating leases, acquiring properties, and divesting properties, with the largest part of his work devoted to the Gulf of Mexico. Mr. Tabor came to Ridgewood in January 2004 from El Paso Natural Gas Corp. where he was a senior business development officer. Mr. Tabor worked for a decade primarily in the Gulf of Mexico on gas projects for Sante Fe Corp. and its affiliates. Mr. Tabor is a graduate of the University of Houston. Robert L. Gold, age 46, is Executive Vice President of Ridgewood Energy which he joined in 1987. Mr. Gold is also the President of Ridgewood Capital since its inception in 1998. As such, he has directed the investment programs of the prior venture capital programs. For the two years prior to joining the Ridgewood Companies, Mr. Gold was a corporate attorney in the law firm of Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton in New York City. Mr. Gold is a member of the New York bar. He is a graduate of Colgate University and New York University School of Law. 42 Kathleen McSherry, age 40 is Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Ridgewood Energy. She joined Ridgewood Energy in 1987 as Assistant Controller and was promoted in 1994 to Controller. In addition, Ms. McSherry serves as Vice President of Systems and Administration of Ridgewood Renewable Power. Prior to her employment at Ridgewood Energy, Ms. McSherry worked in the Trust department for Midlantic National Bank. Ms. McSherry holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting Daniel V. Gulino, age 45, is Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Ridgewood Energy. He began his legal career as an associate for Pitney Hardin, a large New Jersey law firm, where his experience included corporate acquisitions and transactions. Prior to joining Ridgewood, Mr. Gulino was in-house counsel for several large electric utilities, including GPU, Inc., Constellation Power Source, Inc. and PPL Resources, Inc., where he specialized in non-utility generation projects, independent power and power marketing transactions. Mr. Gulino also has experience with the electric and natural gas purchasing of industrial organizations, having worked as in-house counsel for Alumax, Inc. (now part of Alcoa) where he was responsible for, among other things, Alumax's electric and natural gas purchasing program. Mr. Gulino is a member of the New Jersey State Bar and Pennsylvania State Bar. He is a graduate of Fairleigh Dickinson University and Rutgers University School of Law - Newark. Kenneth D. Webb, age 53, is Ridgewood Energy's Geoscience Manager and joined Ridgewood Energy in April of 2004 in the Houston office. Mr. Webb has over 30 years of experience in the U.S. oil and gas industry, mainly in the onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico area. His responsibilities include the geoscience evaluation of exploration and development opportunities presented to the company, and maximizing the potential of Ridgewood properties. Prior to joining Ridgewood, Mr. Webb worked for several large independent exploration and development companies, including Enserch, Transco, CNG, and Seagull Energy, and has held positions ranging from Staff Geologist to Vice President of Exploration. In addition, Mr. Webb held the position of Geoscience Manager for an independent acquisition and divestment company immediately before joining Ridgewood. Randy A. Bennett, age 48, is Land Manager and joined Ridgewood Energy in July 2004. He is located in Ridgewood Energy's Houston, Texas office. Mr. Bennett has more than 20 years of experience in the domestic U.S. oil and gas exploration and production business. Prior to joining Ridgewood Energy, Mr. Bennett was 43 employed by both independent and major oil and gas exploration and production companies including Sabine Corporation, Conoco, and most recently, 6 years with Unocal. He is responsible for offshore Gulf of Mexico shelf and deepwater exploration activities, production operations, business development, and regulatory affairs. Mr. Bennett received a Bachelor of Science degree in Petroleum Land Management from the University of Houston, is a Registered Professional Landman (RPL), and is an active member of the American Association of Professional Landmen, Houston association of Professional Landmen and the Professional Landman's Association of New Orleans. Mary Lou Olin, age 50, is Vice President and Secretary of the Manager, Ridgewood Capital, Ridgewood Renewable Power and the Fund. Her primary areas of responsibility are investor relations, communications and administration. Prior to her employment at Ridgewood Energy in 1984, Ms. Olin was a Regional Administrator at McGraw-Hill Training Systems where she was employed for two years. Prior to that, she was employed by RCA Corporation. Ms. Olin has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Queens College. Mirna Valdes, age 43 is Ridgewood Energy's Vice President of Investor Relations. She joined Ridgewood Energy in 1987 as Marketing Coordinator and was promoted in 1995 to Assistant Vice President. Prior to her employment at Ridgewood Energy, Ms. Valdes worked at WABC-TV, New York. Ms. Valdes graduated from Taylor Business Institute. Please see Exhibit B for a Track Record of Ridgewood Energy's prior investments. TAX ASPECTS The following is a summary of material federal tax considerations for persons considering an investment in the Fund. The discussion, among other things, summarizes certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), the applicable Treasury Regulations promulgated or proposed thereunder (the "Regulations"), current published positions of the Internal Revenue Service (the "Service") and existing judicial decisions, all of which are subject to change at any time. There can be no assurance that any deductions, credits or other tax consequences which are described herein, or which a prospective Investor in the Fund may contemplate, will be available. In addition, no assurance can be given 44 that legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may not occur which would significantly modify the statements expressed herein. In some instances, these changes could have a substantial effect on the tax aspects of the Fund. Any future legislative changes may or may not be retroactive with respect to transactions prior to the effective date of such changes. Moreover, although the Fund has retained professional tax advisors, there are risks and uncertainties concerning certain of the tax aspects associated with an investment in the Fund and there can be no assurance that some or all of the deductions or credits claimed by the Fund may not be challenged by the Service. Disallowance of such deduction or credits could adversely affect the Fund and the Investors. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS THEREFORE URGED TO CONSULT HIS TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES ARISING FROM AN INVESTMENT IN THE FUND. NO RULING FROM THE SERVICE REGARDING EITHER THE TAX ASPECTS OR THE STATUS OF THE FUND AS A PARTNERSHIP FOR TAX PURPOSES HAS BEEN OR WILL BE REQUESTED. The description of the tax aspects discussed herein is supported by a tax opinion of counsel to the Fund, Black & Associates. A copy of the tax opinion is available upon request of any Investor. The tax opinion is, of course, not binding on the Service or the courts. The legal discussion below is based upon (a) the facts set forth in this Memorandum and the Exhibits hereto and (b) the following representations by the Manager: o No election has been filed by the Fund under the Regulations to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation and no such election shall be filed in the future, without the consent of a majority of the Investors; o No interests in entities treated as partnerships or business trusts in which the Manager or any Affiliate has acted as the manager or the managing shareholder have ever been traded on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof; o The Manager will not allow any transfer of Shares which, in the opinion of its counsel, will cause the Fund's Shares to be treated as readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof without the consent of a majority of the Investors; 45 o The Manager does not expect to be in a significantly lower federal income tax bracket than the Fund's Investors; and o The Manager expects that at least 90% of the Fund's gross income for each year of its existence will consist of interest or income from the exploration, development, production, processing, refining, transportation or marketing of natural gas or oil and gains from the sale of assets used to generate that income. 1. Limitations The federal income tax consequences described below are, to a significant extent, available only to taxpayers who invest in the Fund with the bona fide intent of deriving an economic profit without regard to any income tax advantages. The determination of whether an Investor is participating in the Fund for profit is subjective and based upon the motives of the particular Investor. It is difficult to assess this subjective intent or anticipate the future activities of any Investor, and thus it is assumed for purposes of this discussion that the Investors shall have the requisite profit motive. A determination that such is not the case would have a substantially adverse effect upon the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund. No prospective Investor should invest in the Fund unless the prospective Investor does so with an intent to realize an economic profit without regard to tax consequences. Virtually all of the income tax consequences described herein are dependent upon the fair market value of the property to be acquired by and the services rendered to the Fund being not less than the price paid therefore. While the Manager believes that the values of such property and services will be not less than the prices paid, there can be no assurance that the Service or the courts will concur with such valuations. 2. Classification as a Partnership A. In General. Under the Regulations, a business entity other than a corporation (or a "publicly traded partnership" which is treated as a corporation) with more than one member which is formed after January 1, 1997, will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes unless the business entity elects to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation. The Manager has represented that no such election has been filed by the Fund nor will any such election be filed in the future, without the consent of a majority of the Investors. B. Publicly Traded Partnerships. Certain publicly traded partnerships are treated as corporations for federal income tax purposes. Since the Fund will be 46 treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, this provision is applicable to the Fund. A "publicly traded partnership" is defined as "any partnership if...(1) interests in such partnership are traded on an established securities market, or (2) interests in such partnership are readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof)." The Shares do not and are not intended to trade on an established securities market. Under the Regulations, interests in a partnership are considered to be readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof if: "(i) Interests in the partnership are regularly quoted by any person, such as a broker or dealer, making a market in the interests; (ii) Any person regularly makes available to the public (including customers or subscribers) bid or offer quotes with respect to interests in the partnership and stands ready to effect buy or sell transactions at the quoted prices for itself or on behalf of others; (iii) The holder of an interest in the partnership has a readily available, regular, and ongoing opportunity to sell or exchange the interests through a public means of obtaining or providing information of offers to buy, sell, or exchange interests in the partnership; or (iv) Prospective buyers and sellers otherwise have the opportunity to buy, sell or exchange interests in the partnership in a time frame and with the regularity and continuity that is comparable to that described in the other provisions of this paragraph . . . ." No interests in partnerships, business trusts or limited liability companies in which the Manager or any of its Affiliates has acted or is acting as the Manager or the managing shareholder have ever been traded on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, as defined in such Regulations. The Manager also will not allow any transfer of Shares which, in the opinion of its counsel, will cause the Fund's Shares to be treated as readily tradable on such market without the consent of a majority of the Investors. In addition, no partnership will be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes for any year if at least 90% of the partnership's gross income for such year and all preceding years consists of, among other things, interest or income from the exploration, development, production, processing, refining, transportation or marketing of oil and gas and gains from the sale of assets used to generate that income. The Manager has represented that the Fund is expected to meet the foregoing 90% gross income test during each year of its existence. 47 If (i) the Shares were in the future to become readily tradable as defined above, or in subsequent Regulations, rulings or other relevant authority and (ii) if the Fund would fail to satisfy the above 90% gross income test, the Fund could for this reason become taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. C. Summary. Assuming the Fund does not file an election under the Regulations to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation and does not become a "publicly traded partnership" as defined above, in the opinion of Black & Associates, the Fund shall be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. Black & Associates' opinions are based upon the existing provisions of the Code, the Regulations and interpretations thereof by the Service and the courts. As mentioned, no assurance can be given that such laws and Regulations will not be changed or that such changes will not be retroactive. 3. Fund Taxation Subject to the foregoing, it is the opinion of Black & Associates that the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax. The Fund will, however, be required each year to file Partnership information tax returns. The Investors will be required to take into account, in computing their federal income tax liabilities, their respective distributive shares of all items of Fund income, gain, expense, loss, deduction, credit and tax preference for any taxable year of the Fund ending within or with the taxable year of the respective Investor, without regard to whether such Investors have received or will receive any cash distributions from the Fund. An Investor therefore may be subject to tax if the Fund has income even though no cash distribution is made. If the cash distributed by the Fund for any year to an Investor, including his share of the reduction of any Fund liabilities, exceeds his share of the Fund's undistributed taxable income, the excess will constitute a return of capital. A return of capital is applied first to reduce the tax basis of the Investor's interest in the Fund, and any amounts in excess of such tax basis will generally be treated as gain from a sale of such Investor's interest in the Fund. 48 The Social Security Act and the Code exclude from the definition of "net earnings from self-employment" a limited partner's distributive share of any item of income or loss from a partnership other than a guaranteed payment for personal services actually rendered. In the opinion of Black & Associates, this provision would apply to the Investors. Among other things, the effect of this provision is that (a) no quarters of coverage of increased benefits under the Social Security Act will be earned by Investors by virtue of their shares of the Fund's income and (b) if any Investors are currently receiving Social Security benefits, their respective distributive shares of taxable income from the Fund will not have be taken into account in determining any reduction in benefits because of "excess earnings". 4. Leasehold Acquisition Costs The cost of acquiring leases, or other similar property interests, is a capital expenditure and may not be deducted in the year paid or incurred but must be recovered through depletion. If, however, a lease is proved to be worthless by drilling or abandonment, the cost of such lease (less any recovery thereof through the depletion deduction) constitutes a loss to the taxpayer in the year in which the lease becomes worthless. 5. Deduction of Intangible Drilling and Development Costs Section 263(c) authorizes an election by the Fund to deduct as expenses intangible drilling and development costs incurred in connection with natural gas or oil wells at the time such costs are incurred in accordance with the Fund's method of accounting, provided that the costs are not more than would be incurred in an arm's length transaction with an unrelated drilling contractor. Such costs include, for example, amounts paid for labor, fuel, wages, repairs, supplies and hauling necessary to the drilling of the well and preparation of the well for production. Generally, this election applies to items that in themselves do not have salvage value. Alternatively, each Investor may elect to capitalize his or her share of the intangible drilling and development costs and amortize them ratably over a 60-month period. The Fund may enter into "Carried Interest" arrangements whereby the Fund would purchase interests in certain leases and agree to pay a disproportionate part of the costs of drilling the first well thereon. In such situations, the party who is paying more than his share of costs of drilling may not deduct all of such costs as intangible drilling and development costs unless his percentage of ownership of the lease is not reduced before he has recovered from the first production of the well an amount equal to the cost he incurred in drilling, 49 completing, equipping and operating the well. The Fund may not have this right in certain of the transactions of this type in which it may engage. If circumstances permit, however, the Fund will adopt the position that all of the intangible drilling and development costs incurred are deductible (even though such costs may be disproportionate to its ownership of the lease) on the basis that such arrangements constitute partnerships for federal income tax purposes and that the excess intangible drilling and development costs are specifically allocable to the Fund. There can be no assurance that this position would prevail against attack by the Service. In the case of an Investor which constitutes an "integrated oil company," 30% of the amount otherwise allowable as a deduction for intangible drilling costs under Section 263(c) must be capitalized and deducted ratably over a 60-month period beginning with the month the costs are paid or incurred. This provision does not apply to nonproductive wells. For this purpose, an "integrated oil company" is generally defined as an individual or entity with retail sales of oil and gas aggregating more than $5 million and refining more than 50,000 barrels per day for the taxable year. To the extent that drilling and development services are performed for the Fund in 2006, amounts incurred pursuant to bona fide arm's-length drilling contracts and constituting intangible drilling and development costs should be deductible by the Fund in 2006. To the extent that such services are performed in 2007, however, the Fund will only be allowed to deduct in 2006 amounts that are: o incurred pursuant to bona fide arm's-length drilling contracts which provide for absolute noncontingent liability for payment, and o attributable to wells spudded within 90 days after December 31, 2006. Sections 461(h)(1) and 461(i)(2) provide, in relevant part: ...in determining whether an amount has been incurred with respect to any item during any taxable year, the all events tests shall not be treated as met any earlier than when economic performance with respect to such item occurs. * * * ...economic performance with respect to the act of drilling an oil or gas well shall be treated as having occurred within a taxable year if drilling of the well commences before the close of the 90th day after the close of a taxable year. 50 The clear implication of these provisions is that an amount incurred during a taxable year for drilling or completion services which could otherwise be accrued for tax purposes will not be disqualified as a deduction merely because the services are performed during the subsequent taxable year (provided that the services commence within the first 90 days of such subsequent year). Consequently, in the opinion of Black & Associates, intangible drilling and development costs meeting the above criteria should be deductible by the Fund in 2006 even though a portion of such costs are attributable to services performed during 2007. Each Investor, however, may deduct his share of amounts paid in 2006 for services performed in 2007 only to the extent of his "cash basis" in the Fund as of the end of 2006. For this purpose, a taxpayer's "cash basis" in a tax shelter which is taxable as a partnership (such as the Fund) is the taxpayer's basis in the Fund determined without regard to any amount borrowed by the taxpayer with respect to the Fund which (a) is arranged by the Fund or by any person who participated in the organization, sale or management of the Fund (or any person related to such person within the meaning of Section 461(b)(3)(c)), or (b) is secured by any asset of the Fund. Inasmuch as "cash basis" excludes borrowing arranged by an extremely broad group of persons who could be "related" to a person who "participated" in the organization, sale or management of the Fund, it is not possible for counsel to the Fund to express an opinion as to whether each Investor will be allowed to deduct his allocable share of any prepaid drilling expenses to the extent that they exceed his actual cash investment in the Fund. Amounts borrowed by an Investor from the Manager or any of its Affiliates and borrowing arranged by such persons will not be considered part of such Investor's "cash basis" for these purposes. 6. Depletion Subject to the limitations discussed hereafter, the Investors will be entitled to deduct, as allowances for depletion under Section 611, their share of percentage or cost depletion, whichever is greater, for each oil and gas producing property owned by the Fund. Cost depletion is computed by dividing the basis of the property by the estimated recoverable reserves to obtain a unit cost, then multiplying the unit cost by the number of units sold in the current year. Cost depletion cannot 51 exceed the adjusted basis of the property to which it relates. Thus, cost depletion deductions are limited to the capitalized cost of the property, while percentage depletion may be taken as long as the property is producing income. The depletion allowance for oil and gas production will be computed separately by each Investor and not by the Fund. The Fund will allocate to each Investor his proportionate share of production and the adjusted basis of each Fund property. Each Investor must keep records of his share of the adjusted basis and any depletion taken on the property and use his adjusted basis in the computation of gain or loss on the disposition of the property by the Fund. Percentage depletion with respect to production of oil and gas is available only to those qualifying for the independent producer's exemption, and is limited to an average of 1,000 barrels per day of domestic oil production or 6,000,000 cubic feet per day of domestic gas production. The applicable rate of percentage depletion on production under the independent producer exemption is 15% of gross income from oil and gas sales. The depletion deduction under the independent producer exemption may not exceed 65% of the taxpayer's taxable income for the year, computed without regard to certain deductions. Any percentage depletion not allowed as a deduction due to the 65% of adjusted taxable income limitation may be carried over to subsequent years subject to the same annual limitation. For an Investor that is a trust, the 65% limitation shall be computed without deduction for distributions to beneficiaries during the taxable year. The determination of whether an Investor will qualify for the independent producer exemption will be made at the Investor level. An Investor who qualifies for the exemption, but whose average daily production exceeds the maximum number of barrels on which percentage depletion can be computed for that year, will have to allocate his exemption proportionately among all of the properties in which he has an interest, including those owned by the Fund. In the event percentage depletion is not available, the Investor would be entitled to utilize cost depletion as discussed above. The independent producer exemption is not available to a taxpayer who refines more than 50,000 barrels of oil on any one day in a taxable year or who directly or through a related person sells oil or gas or any product derived therefrom (i) through a retail outlet operated by him or a related person or (ii) to any person who occupies a retail outlet which is owned and controlled by the taxpayer or a related person. In general, a related person is defined by Section 613A of the Code as a corporation, partnership, estate, or trust in which the taxpayer has a 5% or greater interest. For the purpose of applying this provision: (i) bulk sales of oil or natural gas to commercial or industrial 52 users are excluded from the definition of retail sales; (ii) if the taxpayer or a related person does not export any domestic oil or natural gas production during the taxable year or the immediately preceding year, retail sales outside the U.S. are not deemed to be disqualifying sales; and (iii) if the taxpayer's combined receipts from disqualifying sales do not exceed $5,000,000 for the taxable year of all retail outlets taken into account for the purpose of applying this restriction, such taxpayer will not be deemed a "retailer." The technical provisions and limitations relating to the availability of depletion are complex and will vary among taxpayers. Many uncertainties exist and each prospective Investor should review his individual circumstances with his personal tax advisor. 7. Depreciation Costs of equipment, such as casing, tubing, tanks, pumping units, pipelines, production platforms and other types of tangible property and equipment generally cannot be deducted currently, but may be eligible for accelerated cost recovery. All or part of the depreciation claimed may be subsequently recaptured upon disposition of the property by the Fund or of a Share by any Investor. In addition, the Code provides for certain uniform capitalization rules which could result in the capitalization rather than deduction of Fund overhead and administration costs. 8. Farm-outs and Back In Interests The Fund may acquire leaseholds through Farm-out Agreements. Some Farm-outs may be characterized for tax purposes as partnerships entered into by the Fund and an Operator. The manner in which the parties to these Farm-outs agree to allocate income, gain, loss, deductions, and credits (or any item thereof) may be disallowed under Section 704 of the Code. If the Farm-out creates a co-ownership arrangement, the Fund may be required to capitalize a portion of the intangible drilling and development costs paid in excess of its fractional share of the Working Interest acquired pursuant to the agreement. One type of Farm-out in which the Fund might participate is a transaction in which, in exchange for the drilling of a well on a particular drill site, an Operator becomes entitled to an assignment of 100% of the leasehold interest in the drill site acreage (until such time as the Operator's drilling, completion and production costs are recovered out of production therefrom, with a lesser percentage thereafter) and a lesser fractional interest in the portion of the tract exclusive of the drill site acreage. The Service has ruled, in Revenue 53 Ruling 77-176, 1977-1 Cum. Bul. 77, that any transfer of rights in property other than the drill site acreage in this type of transaction would be deemed a sale of such other property by the party transferring the property on which gain or loss is realized. The Service further ruled that, while the party receiving the acreage and incurring the cost of drilling the well on the drill site may elect to deduct such costs as intangible drilling and development costs, such party would realize ordinary income equal to the value of the acreage earned exclusive of the drill site acreage. The Fund will attempt to structure any Farm-out or similar transaction in a way that either eliminates or minimizes to the fullest extent possible the tax consequences described above. Nevertheless, the ruling may have adverse tax implications for the Fund if and when the Fund enters into such Farm-outs, since the Fund may recognize gain or loss upon the transfer of an interest in the property. 9. Allocations In the opinion of Black & Associates, the allocations of each Investor's share of income, gain, expense, loss, deduction or credit as set forth in the LLC Agreement will more likely than not be sustained for federal income tax purposes. Under Section 704, a partner's distributive share of the income, gain, expense, loss, or credit of a partnership is determined in accordance with the partnership agreement, unless the allocation set forth therein is without "substantial economic effect." An allocation will have substantial economic effect only if it may actually affect the dollar amount of the partners' shares of the total partnership revenue or costs independently of tax consequences. Allocations which do not affect the amounts to be distributed from a partnership generally do not have substantial economic effect. It is essential that the allocations be reflected in the partners' capital accounts and that such capital accounts be the basis upon which distributions are made upon liquidation. Several relevant factors that are considered in making a determination as to whether an allocation will be recognized for federal income tax purposes are outlined in the Regulations. These factors include, among others, (1) the presence of a business purpose for the allocation, (2) whether related items of income, gain, expense, loss, deduction or credit from the same source are subject to the same allocation, (3) whether the allocation was made without recognition of normal business factors, (4) whether it was made only after the amount of the specially allocated item could reasonably be estimated, (5) the duration of the allocation and (6) the overall tax consequences of the allocation. These factors and perhaps others may be relevant in determining whether an allocation has substantial economic effect. 54 The Regulations relating to special allocations of partnership costs and revenues under Section 704(b) provide that partnership allocations have economic effect (and thus would be valid under the Code provided such effect is substantial) only if they are consistent with the underlying economic arrangements of the partners. Under the Regulations, an allocation of income, gain, expense, loss, deduction or credit (or item thereof) to a partner is considered to have economic effect if, throughout the full term of the partnership, the partnership agreement provides: o For the determination and maintenance of the partners' capital accounts in accordance with the Regulations; o Upon liquidation of the partnership (or any partner's interest in the partnership), for liquidating distributions in all cases to be made in accordance with the positive capital account balances of the partners, as determined after taking into account all capital account adjustments for the partnership taxable year during which such liquidation occurs (other than those made pursuant to this requirement and the third requirement below), by the end of such taxable year (or, if later, within 90 days after the date of such liquidation); and o For a "qualified income offset" provision as defined in Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and a "minimum gain charge-back" provision as defined in Regulation Section 1.704-2(f). No allocation to a partner will be given effect, however, which would cause or increase a negative capital account balance for such partner in excess of that partner's share of the partnership minimum gain. In general, a partnership has minimum gain to the extent that nonrecourse liabilities encumbering partnership property exceed the adjusted tax basis of such property. Under the LLC Agreement, a capital account is to be maintained for each Investor to which will be charged each item of Fund income, gain, expense, loss, deduction and credit in accordance with the rules set forth in the Regulations. Upon dissolution of the Fund, after satisfying all Fund liabilities, each Investor will receive a distribution in accordance with the Investor's positive capital account balance. In addition, the LLC Agreement contains a "qualified income offset" provision as defined in Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and a "minimum gain charge-back" provision as defined in Regulation section 1.704-2(f). 55 Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iii)(a) presently provides that the economic effect of an allocation is not substantial if, at the time the allocation becomes part of the partnership agreement, (1) the after-tax economic consequences of at least one partner may, in present value terms, be enhanced compared to such consequences if the allocation were not contained in the partnership agreement, and (2) there is a strong likelihood that the after-tax economic consequences of no partner will, in present value terms, be substantially diminished compared to such consequences if the allocation were not contained in the partnership agreement. In determining the after-tax economic benefit or detriment to a partner, tax consequences that result from the interaction of the allocation with such partner's tax attributes that are unrelated to the partnership will be taken into account. Under the LLC Agreement, 99 percent of all items of Fund expense, loss, deduction and credit attributable to the acquisition, drilling and completion of the Fund's Projects will generally be allocated to the Investors. This allocation appears to satisfy the first test of Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iii)(a) inasmuch as it will presumably enhance the after-tax consequences to an Investor. The second test is not expected to be met, since the Manager has represented that it does not expect to be in a significantly lower income tax bracket than the Investors. In any case, there appears to be no statutory authority for the position taken by the Treasury Department in Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iii)(a), inasmuch as it would appear to disallow any special allocation which would enhance the after-tax economic consequences to any partner, whether or not the allocation has substantial economic effect. Accordingly, it is Black & Associates opinion that the allocations set forth in the LLC Agreement will more likely than not have the requisite substantial economic effect. If the allocations are not recognized, Section 704(b) requires that each Investor's distributive share be determined in accordance with his interest in the Fund, as determined from all the facts and circumstances. The most likely consequences of an adverse determination in this regard would be the disallowance of approximately 14% of the deductions taken by the Investors with respect to the acquisition, drilling and completion of the Fund's wells. Section 706 and the Regulations thereunder provide generally that a partner may be allocated items of partnership income and deductions only for that portion of the Fund's taxable year that the partner is a partner. Accordingly, the partnership shall allocate such items only to those Investors who are already admitted to the Fund at the time such expenses were incurred. 56 10. Organization, Start-up and Syndication Expenses Section 709(a) prohibits any Investor from deducting any amounts paid or incurred to organize the Fund or to promote the sale of (or to sell) an interest in the Fund. Amounts paid to organize the Fund, however, may, at the election of the Fund, be treated as deferred expenses of which the first $5,000, when combined with all "startup" expenses (see below), may be deducted when incurred and the remainder deducted ratably over a period of not less than 180 months. Organization expenditures that may be amortized are those (i) incurred incident to the creation of the Fund, (ii) chargeable to the capital account, and (iii) of a character which, if expended incident to the creation of a partnership having an ascertainable life, would be amortized over such life. The Fund presently intends to amortize qualifying organization expenditures over a 60-month period. Expenses connected with the promotion or sale of interests in a partnership, known as syndication fees, are not deductible by the Fund or the Investors and are not eligible for the 180-month amortization as is the case for organizational expenses. Syndication fees include such expenditures connected with the issuing and marketing of interests in a partnership such as sales commissions, certain professional fees, selling expenses and printing costs. Regulation Sections 1.709-1 and 1.709-2 make it clear that the definition of syndication costs includes counsel fees related to securities law advice, certain accountants' fees, brokerage fees and registration fees. The allocation of certain expenses between organization costs and syndication costs is a question of fact and the Manager will use reasonable judgment in claiming amortization deductions for a portion of the Organizational, Distribution and Offering Fee and other expenses. The Service may on audit contest such deductions. Section 195 provides that no deduction is allowed for "start-up expenditures." However, taxpayers may elect under that section to deduct the first $5,000 of the combined organizational expenses and "start-up expenditures" when incurred, and the remainder of the "startup expenditures" over a period of not less than 180 months. "Start-up expenditures" include amounts paid or incurred in connection with investigating the creation or acquisition of an active trade or business or paid or incurred in connection with any activity engaged in for profit and for the production of income prior to the day on which the active trade or business begins, in anticipation of the activity becoming an active business. 57 A significant portion of the Fund's expenses may be characterized as "start-up expenditures" for federal income tax purposes. Consequently, the Fund intends to elect to amortize such expenses over a 60-month period. While the Manager will use its best judgment in the allocation of expenses among start-up, organization, syndication and other costs, no assurance can be given that such allocation will not be challenged by the Service. In particular, the Service may claim that various fees paid to the Manager constitute syndication expenses. 11. Distributions Cash distributions by the Fund to an Investor will not result in taxable gain to such Investor unless they exceed the Investor's adjusted basis in his Shares, in which case the Investor will recognize gain in the amount of such excess. Non-liquidating distributions of property other than cash to an Investor will reduce the Investor's basis in the Fund by an amount equal to the Fund's basis in such property; provided, however, that the adjusted basis of the Investor may not be reduced below zero. An Investor's tax basis in any property distributed to the Investor will be an amount equal to the amount of reduction in the Investor's basis in the Investor's Shares, occurring by reason of such distribution, regardless of the value of the property distributed. A reduction in an Investor's share of Fund indebtedness will be treated as a cash distribution to the Investor to the extent of such reduction. Under some circumstances, distributions from the Fund to an Investor may cause the amount the Investor has at risk with respect to the Fund activity to fall below zero, which could result in recapture of previously deducted losses. 12. Trade or Business Requirement The Service may seek to disallow certain deductions claimed by the Fund on the ground that these expenditures are not expenditures incurred in carrying on a trade or business because the Fund will not have established and commenced its business at the time the expenditures are made. Neither the Code nor the Regulations provide any explicit definitions of "carrying on a trade or business." Although various subjective criteria have been recommended for consideration in this regard, no single factor has been found to be controlling. Further, determining the point in time when a 58 particular venture begins carrying on a trade or business is essentially a question of fact, the resolution of which is not to be determined solely from the intention of the taxpayer. The Service might contend that the Fund is not engaged in carrying on any trade or business within the meaning of Section 162(a) until such time as the business has begun to function as a going concern, performs those activities for which it was organized and starts to generate receipts. In addition, the Service may contend that certain expenses are in the nature of "start-up" expenses rather than currently deductible trade or business expenses. In the event that the Service were to disallow Fund expenses based upon the failure of the Fund to have been carrying on a trade or business, the Fund expects to take the position that its expenses may be deducted in any case under Section 212 which provides for deductions ("Miscellaneous Deductions") for amounts incurred for the production of income, for the management, conservation, or maintenance of property held for the production of income and in connection with the determination, collection or refund of any tax. Under Code Section 67, however, expenses of an individual taxpayer which are otherwise deductible under Section 212 are disallowed to the extent that they, when combined with the taxpayer's other Miscellaneous Deductions, do not exceed 2% of his adjusted gross income. If, for any period, the Fund is found not to be engaged in a trade or business, the Service could thus disallow an Investor's share of various expenses of the Fund to the extent that such share, when combined with the Investor's otherwise allowable Miscellaneous Deductions, does not exceed such 2% threshold. 13. Alternative Minimum Tax The Code imposes an alternative minimum tax in order to assure that taxpayers may not reduce their tax below a minimum level through certain "tax preference items." In general, the alternative minimum tax liability of a noncorporate taxpayer is calculated by (1) adding together the taxpayer's adjusted gross income and the taxpayer's tax preference items, (2) adding and subtracting certain other specified items, and (3) then subtracting the applicable exemption of $40,250 for single taxpayers, $58,000 for married taxpayers filing joint returns, $29,000 for married taxpayers filing separate returns, or $22,500 for estates and trusts. Married taxpayers filing separate returns must also add to that total an amount equal to the lesser of (a) 25% of the sum determined under clauses (1) and (2) above, in excess of $191,000, or (b) $29,000. The total amount determined in the preceding two sentences (the 59 "Taxable Excess") is then taxed at the following rates: all taxpayers other than married individuals filing separate returns are taxed at 26% of the first $175,000 of the Taxable Excess and at 28% of any additional Taxable Excess, reduced by any applicable foreign tax credit; while married individuals filing separate returns are taxed at 26% of the first $87,500 of the Taxable Excess and at 28% of any additional Taxable Excess, reduced by any applicable foreign tax credit. These rates are subject, however, to the 15% maximum tax rate on long-term capital gains (and qualified dividends). The taxpayer must then pay the greater of the alternative minimum tax or the regular income tax. Generally, no tax credits (other than the foreign tax credit) are allowable against the alternative minimum tax. Under the Code, the exemptions listed in clause (3) above are phased out where alternative minimum taxable income exceeds $150,000 ($112,500 for single persons and $75,000 for estates, trusts and married persons filing separately). Alternative minimum tax preference items and adjustments which only result in a deferral of tax rather than a permanent reduction may give rise to a credit against regular tax payable by Investors in future years. Although an investment in the fund is unlikely to cause an individual Investor to report preference items, the intangible drilling deductions ("IDC") allocated to such Investor by the Fund may increase his or her alternative minimum taxable income ("AMTI"). A taxpayer who is not an integrated oil company may not reduce AMTI by more than 40 percent of the AMTI that would otherwise be reportable had the taxpayer been subject to the "excess IDC" tax preference. That tax preference is generally the amount by which (a) the excess of the actual IDC deduction over the deduction which would have been allowable if the costs were capitalized and taken ratably over 10 years (or in accordance with cost depletion) is greater than (b) 65 percent of the taxpayers income from oil, gas and geothermal properties. Any portion of the IDC taken under the 60-month amortization election may be excluded from the foregoing calculation. An adjustment that may increase or decrease alternative minimum taxable income is depreciation attributable to personal property placed in service after 1986 that differs from the amount available under the 150 percent declining balance method. The applicability of the alternative minimum tax must be determined by each individual Investor based upon the operations of the Fund and his personal tax situation. In many circumstances, the federal (and state) minimum tax provisions will substantially eliminate the value of intangible drilling deductions for 60 individual taxpayers. Accordingly, any potential investor in the Fund should consult his own tax advisor to determine the tax consequences to him personally of the alternative minimum tax. 14. Termination of the Fund The actual or constructive termination of the Fund may have important tax consequences to the Investors. All Investors would recognize their distributive shares of Fund income, gain, expense, loss, deduction or credit accrued during the Fund's taxable year up until the date of termination whether or not any such items are distributed. Similarly, the Investors must account for their distributive shares of gains or losses realized from the sale or other disposition of Fund assets in liquidation of the Fund. The Code provides that if 50% or more of the capital and profit interests in a Fund are sold or exchanged within a single twelve-month period, the Fund will terminate for tax purposes. If such a termination occurs, the assets of the Fund will be deemed constructively distributed pro rata to the Shareholders and then recontributed by them to a new (for tax purposes) partnership. Upon the distribution of Fund assets incident to the termination of the Fund, an Investor will recognize gain to the extent that money distributed to the Investor plus the pro rata amount, if any, of liabilities discharged exceeds the adjusted basis of his or her Shares immediately before the distribution. Assuming that an Investor's interest in the Fund is a capital asset, such gain will be capital gain unless Section 751 applies. Section 751 provides generally that a partner's gain on liquidation of a Fund will be treated as ordinary income to the extent that the partner receives or is deemed to receive less than the partner's pro rata share of certain ordinary income assets, including unrealized receivables and potential recapture of depreciation, depletion and intangible drilling costs. No loss will be recognized by an Investor on the distribution to the Investor of Fund property upon the termination of the Fund unless the only such property distributed is money, unrealized receivables and inventory. For these purposes, "money" includes marketable securities. 15. Activities Engaged in for Profit Section 183 provides limitations for deductions attributable to an "activity not engaged in for profit." The term "activity not engaged in for profit" means an activity other than one which constitutes a trade or business, or one that is engaged in for the production or collection of income or for the management, conservation or maintenance of property held for the production of 61 income. The determination of whether an activity is not engaged in for profit is based on all the facts and circumstances and no one factor is determinative. Section 183 creates a presumption that an activity is engaged in for profit if in any three years out of five consecutive taxable years the gross income derived from the activity exceeds the deductions attributable thereto. Thus, if the Fund fails to produce a profit in at least three of five consecutive years, the presumption will not be available and the possibility of successful challenge by the Service substantially increases. If Section 183 is successfully asserted by the Service, no deductions will be allowed in excess of Fund income. Since the test of whether an activity is deemed to be engaged in for profit is based on the facts and circumstances existing from time to time, no assurance can be given that Section 183 may not be applied in the future to disallow deductions taken by the Investors with respect to their interest in the Fund. It should be noted that, if the Service were to challenge an Investor's deduction of Fund losses for lack of profit motive, such Investor would have the burden of proving that the Fund did in fact enter into the transaction with a reasonable expectation of profit and that the Investor's own investment in the Fund was made with the requisite profit motive. 16. Material Distortion of Income Section 446(a) provides that taxable income shall be computed under the method of accounting on the basis of which the taxpayer regularly computes the taxpayer's income in keeping the taxpayer's books. Section 446(b) provides, however, that if the method used does not clearly reflect income, the computation shall be made under such method as does clearly reflect income in the opinion of the Service. If the method of accounting used by the taxpayer does not clearly reflect income, Section 446(b) grants the Service discretion to compute the taxpayer's taxable income "under such method" as the Service determines does clearly reflect income. It has been established that the Service's authority to change a method of accounting may be used to correct not only the overall method of accounting of the taxpayer but also the accounting treatment of any item. See, e.g., Burck v. Commissioner, 533 F.2d 768 (2d Cir. 1976). 62 The Service claims a very broad authority under Section 446(b) to disallow any deduction where the deduction results in what it determines to be "a material distortion of income." An example of the Service's position is Revenue Ruling 79-229, 1979-2 Cum. Bull. 210, which sets forth some of the factors it can consider in determining whether a deduction results in a material distortion of income, such as the customary practice of the taxpayer, the amount of the expense in relation to such expenses in the past, and the materiality of the expenditure in relation to the taxpayer's income for the year. The broad authority claimed by the Service in Revenue Ruling 79-229 is similar to a position taken by it in the past. However, on at least one occasion, the United States Supreme Court specifically rejected the reasoning that the Service has the authority to make exceptions to the general rule of accounting by annual periods if it determines that it would be unjust or unfair not to isolate a particular transaction and treat it on the basis of the long-term result. Despite this authority, the Service may analyze deductions taken by the Fund and attempt to reallocate such deductions to another taxable year to the extent the Service determines that such deductions materially distort income. Since the material distortion of income test is based upon the facts and circumstances of a specific transaction, counsel cannot express an opinion as to the likely outcome of an attempted reallocation of Fund deductions by the Service. 17. Fund Borrowing Any Fund income applied to the repayment of Fund borrowing will remain taxable as income to the Investors although no distribution is made to them. A foreclosure or other sale of any Fund property securing any such indebtedness may also result in an Investor's realization of income for income tax purposes even if no proceeds are distributed to the Investor. In determining for federal income tax purposes the amount received on the sale or disposition of an interest in the Fund an Investor must take into account, among other things, the Investor's share of Fund indebtedness. An Investor may, therefore, realize an amount of taxable gain in excess of the actual proceeds of a sale or disposition of Fund property or of the Investor's interest in the Fund. All Investors should be aware of the restrictions, contained in the Code, on the deductibility of interest paid by an Investor. 18. Reportable Transactions A taxpayer who participates in a "reportable transaction" is required to attach a statement to his, her or its federal income tax return for the year in 63 which the taxpayer participates in the transaction, disclosing the nature of such reportable transaction. "Reportable Transactions" are certain transactions defined in the Regulations and Service rulings. The Fund may enter into transactions which fall within the definition of "Reportable Transactions". Possible examples include losses in excess of two million dollars in one taxable year and transactions where the amount reported for tax purposes differs by more than ten million dollars from the amount utilized for non-tax purposes. The filing of a disclosure statement by the Fund could result in an audit of the Fund's partnership information return by the Service, which in turn could result in audits of the tax returns of Investors. 19. Audits, Interest and Penalties Under the Code, the Service is permitted to audit a partnership's tax return instead of having to audit the individual tax returns of the partners, so that a partner would be subject to determinations made by the Service or the courts at the partnership level. A partner is entitled to participate in such an audit, or in litigation resulting therefrom, only in limited circumstances. In the event that any audit results in a change in the Fund's return and an increase in the tax liability of an Investor, there may also be imposed substantial amounts of nondeductible interest and penalties. In addition to the interest imposed on deficiencies (presently 7% per year compounded daily), the Code now provides a penalty equal to 20% of any underpayment of tax attributable to (1) negligence, any careless, reckless or intentional disregard of rules or regulations, or any failure to make a reasonable attempt to comply with the Code, (2) a substantial underpayment of tax (i.e., one which exceeds the greater of $5,000 or 10% of the correct tax liability) which was neither based upon substantial authority nor adequately disclosed or (3) any substantial valuation misstatement (i.e., a valuation which exceeds 200% or is less than 50% of the correct value) which, when combined with any other substantial valuation misstatements for the taxable year, resulted in an underpayment of tax exceeding $5,000. If a substantial valuation misstatement exceeds 400% or is less than 25% of the correct value, the penalty is increased to 40% of any underpayment attributable to such misstatement. Investors must generally treat partnership items on their federal income tax returns consistently with the treatment of such items on the partnership information return filed by the Fund, unless the Investor files a statement with the Service identifying the inconsistency or otherwise satisfies the conditions for waiver of the consistency requirement. Failure to satisfy this requirement will result in an adjustment to conform the Investor's treatment of the item with the treatment of the item on the partnership information return filed by the Fund. Intentional or negligent disregard of the consistency requirement may subject an Investor to substantial penalties. 64 Because of the potentially substantial effect of all the foregoing provisions, each prospective Investor should consult with his tax advisor about these provisions before acquiring Shares. 20. Sales of Fund Property The sale or disposition of Fund property used in the Fund's business will generate a gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on such sale or other disposition and the Fund's adjusted basis in the property. In general, gain realized from the sale or disposition of such property which is depreciable property or land and was held for more than one year should qualify as gain from the sale of a Section 1231 asset, except to the extent that any such gain is attributable to property subject to recapture. Each Investor is generally entitled to treat the Investor's share of Section 1231 gains and losses as long-term capital gains and losses if the Investor's Section 1231 gains exceed the Investor's Section 1231 losses for the year. However, net Section 1231 gains will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of unrecaptured net Section 1231 losses of the Investor for the five most recent prior years. If the Investor's share of Section 1231 losses, when added to his or her other Section 1231 losses, exceeds the Investor's Section 1231 gains for the taxable year, such losses will be treated as ordinary losses. Section 1254 provides that upon disposition of any oil and gas property by the Fund, a portion of any gain may be taxed as ordinary income from the recapture of intangible drilling and development costs and depletion. The amount that will be taxable as ordinary income will be equal to the lesser of: (1) the amount of intangible drilling and development costs and depletion previously deducted with respect to the property or interest sold (only insofar as they reduced the adjusted basis thereof); or (2) the excess of the amount realized on disposition of the property over the adjusted basis of the property. Any gain on the sale or other disposition of equipment by the Fund will be taxed as ordinary income to the extent of all depreciation deductions previously claimed with respect to such equipment, with any excess being treated as Section 1231 gain. Similarly, gain on the sale of any building owned by the Fund will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of any depreciation taken with respect to such building in excess of straight-line depreciation. If, however, such building has been held for one year or less, all depreciation will be recaptured as ordinary income. In the case of a disposition of property in an installment sale, any ordinary income under these recapture provisions is to be recognized in the year of the disposition. 65 Under Section 751, a similar recapture rule applies upon the disposition of Shares by an Investor such that an Investor will be required to treat as ordinary income the portion of any gain realized upon the disposition of the Investor's Shares that is attributable to property subject to recapture of depreciation, intangible drilling and development costs and depletion or certain other property which, if sold by the Fund, would give rise to ordinary income. There are exceptions to the recapture rules for gifts, transfers at death, transfers in certain tax-free reorganizations, like-kind exchanges and involuntary conversions in certain circumstances. Net capital gains of individual taxpayers currently are taxed at a statutory rate (generally 15% for capital assets held for more than 12 months) which is significantly less than the maximum statutory rate applicable to other income (35%). Net capital gains means the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss. 21. Limitations on Interest Deductions In general, Section 163(d) limits the amount of investment interest which an individual Investor may deduct to the Investor's "net investment income." Interest expense (and income) from activities subject to the passive loss rules is not treated as investment interest (or investment income). Investment interest includes interest attributable to indebtedness that is incurred to acquire an interest in an activity involving the conduct of a trade or business which is not a passive activity and in which the taxpayer does not materially participate. Interest attributable to borrowing incurred to purchase Shares will be taken into account in computing the Investor's income or loss from passive activities to the extent that the Fund's income is treated as derived from a passive activity. Consequently, most of the interest expense attributable to such borrowing should not constitute investment interest expense. Investment interest, the deduction of which is disallowed in any year, may be carried over to subsequent years. Each Investor should consult with the Investor's own tax advisor as to the application, if any, to the Investor of the limitations contained in Section 163(d). In addition, under the Code, no deduction is allowed for personal interest (such as interest on car loans or credit card balances for personal expenditures). Interest on underpayments of tax (other than certain deferred estate taxes) is treated as personal interest under the Code. 66 Interest on debt secured by the principal residence or second residence of a taxpayer is, however, deductible if paid with respect to "acquisition indebtedness" up to a maximum debt of $1,000,000 ($500,000 for a married person filing a separate return) and "home equity indebtedness" up to a maximum debt of $100,000 ($50,000 for a married person filing a separate return). For this purpose, "acquisition indebtedness" means debt that is incurred in acquiring, constructing or substantially improving the principal or a second residence of the taxpayer and "home equity indebtedness" means debt secured by the taxpayer's principal or second residence to the extent that the aggregate amount of such debt does not exceed the difference between the "acquisition indebtedness" with respect to the residence and the fair market value of the residence. Under the Code, interest on certain pre-October 13, 1987 indebtedness of the taxpayer is deductible regardless of the $1,000,000 and $100,000 limitations. In addition to the foregoing, Section 265(a)(2) provides that interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to "purchase or carry" tax-exempt securities is not deductible. Investors who currently own or anticipate acquiring tax-exempt securities and who contemplate purchasing Shares with borrowed funds are urged to consult with their tax advisors with respect to the application of Section 265. 22. Fund Elections Pursuant to Sections 734, 743 and 754, a partnership may elect to have the cost basis of its assets adjusted in the event of a sale by a partner of the partner's interest in the partnership, the death of a partner, or the distribution of property to a partner. The general effect of such an election is that the transferees of an interest in the partnership are treated as though they had acquired a direct interest in the partnership assets and, upon certain distributions to partners, the partnership is treated as though it has newly acquired an interest in the partnership assets and therefore acquired a new cost basis for such assets. Any such election, once made, is irrevocable without the consent of the Service. In cases where the Fund owns property with substantially higher cost basis than its value, it may be required to make the basis adjustments as if a Section 754 election were in effect. Otherwise, as a result of the complexities and the substantial expense inherent in making the election, the Manager does not presently intend to make such an election on behalf of the Fund. The absence of any such election may result in a reduction in value of an Investor's Shares to any potential transferee. Thus, the absence of the power to compel the making of such an election should be considered an additional impediment to the transferability of Shares. 67 Various other elections affecting the computation of federal income tax deductions and taxable income derived from the Fund must be made by the Fund and not by the individual Investors. For purposes of reporting each Investor's share of Fund income, gains and losses, the Fund's elections are binding upon the Investors. 23. At Risk Rules: Limitation on Deduction of Losses Section 465 limits an Investor's deduction for losses allocated to the Investor by the Fund to the amount that he has at risk with respect to the Fund. The term "loss" is defined as the excess of the deductions allowable for the taxable year over the income received or accrued by the taxpayer during the taxable year from such activity. Section 465 and the proposed Regulations thereunder generally provide that an Investor will be considered to have at risk in the Fund the sum of (i) the amount of money contributed to the Fund, (ii) the adjusted basis of other property contributed to the Fund, (iii) income generated by the Fund, and (iv) amounts borrowed by the Investor or the Fund for use in the Fund's activities, where the Investor is personally liable for the repayment of the loan or where the Investor has pledged property, other than property used in the activity, as security for the borrowed amount, but only to the extent of the net fair market value of the Investor's interest in the property; provided, however, that borrowed amounts will not be considered at risk if borrowed from any person or entity who (a) has an interest, other than as a creditor, in the Fund's activities or (b) is related to someone who has such an interest. Thus, for example, an Investor will not be considered to have at risk in the Fund amounts borrowed from the Manager or its Affiliates. An Investor will not be considered at risk with respect to amounts protected against loss through nonrecourse financing, guarantees, stop loss agreements or other similar arrangements. Distributions to an Investor will generally reduce the amount which the Investor has at risk in the activity. The "at risk" rules provide that the amount of any distribution received by an Investor or any other reduction in the Investor's at risk basis, after his or her amount at risk is reduced to zero, will be treated as ordinary income, but only to the extent of losses previously claimed by the Investor from the Fund. Thus, if the Fund makes distributions to an Investor which do not exceed his adjusted basis in the Fund, but do exceed the Investor's amount at risk, he may have ordinary income. 68 Generally, the at risk limitation applies on an activity-by-activity basis and, in the case of oil or gas properties, each property is treated as a separate activity so that losses or deductions arising from one property are limited to the at risk amount for that property and not the aggregate at risk amount for all the taxpayer's oil or gas properties. The Service has announced that, until further guidance is issued, it will permit the aggregation of oil or gas properties owned by a partnership in computing a partner's at risk limitation with respect to the partnership. The Service has also announced that any rules that would impose restrictions on the ability of partners to aggregate will be effective only for taxable years ending after the rules are issued. If an Investor must compute his at risk amount separately with respect to each Fund Property, the consequences of the at risk limitations to him are unpredictable, but he may not be allowed to utilize his share of losses or deductions attributable to a particular Property even though he has a positive at risk amount with respect to the Fund as a whole. If in any year an Investor has a loss from the Fund, the effect of Section 465(a) is to permit deduction of such loss up to the aggregate amount at risk on the last day of the taxable year. If the amount at risk exceeds the loss, the amount deemed at risk in subsequent years is reduced under Section 465(b)(5) by the amount of losses claimed in previous years and increased by additional at risk amounts contributed to the activity. If the amount of loss exceeds the at risk amount, the excess loss is held in a suspense account and treated as a deduction in the first succeeding taxable year that the taxpayer is at risk. The carryover loss is then added to the deductions allowable for such year but is limited at the end of such year by the amount then at risk. Under proposed Regulation Section 1.465-2(b), there is no limitation on the number of years to which such deductions may be carried. In addition to the "at risk" rules discussed above, Section 704(d) provides that a partner's distributive share of partnership loss is allowed as a deduction only to the extent of the positive adjusted basis of his partnership interest at the end of the partnership year in which the loss is incurred. If a partner's distributive share of loss items exceeds his basis, as adjusted for capital contributions, distributions, the partner's share of any partnership income items and changes in his share of partnership liabilities, then only a portion of each loss item is allowed, based upon the portion that each bears to the total of all loss items. Excess losses which are not currently allowed may be carried forward indefinitely until such partner has sufficient basis to permit the deduction. 69 24. Passive Activities Under the Code, deductions from passive activities, to the extent that they exceed income from all such activities (exclusive of portfolio income), generally will not be deductible against other income of the taxpayer. Thus, the taxpayer cannot use passive losses to offset personal earnings, active business income, or investment or portfolio income (such as interest, dividends, royalties, or gains from the sale of assets that generate investment or portfolio income). Similarly, credits from passive activities generally are limited to the tax allocable to the passive activities. Suspended losses and credits are carried forward and treated as deductions and credits from passive activities in the next taxable year. When the taxpayer disposes of his entire interest in an activity in a fully taxable transaction, any remaining suspended loss incurred in connection with that activity is allowed in full. Passive activities are defined to include trade or business activities in which the taxpayer does not materially participate and rental activities. Interest attributable to passive activities is not treated as investment interest. The passive loss provision generally applies to individuals, estates, partnerships, and personal service corporations (as defined for purposes of the provision). Certain closely held corporations are subject to a more limited rule under which passive losses and credits may not be applied to offset portfolio income. Ownership of Shares will be a passive activity and an Investor will be subject to the passive activity loss limitations with respect to his share of the Fund's losses and deductions. Consequently, an Investor's share of the Fund's losses and deductions may be deducted only to the extent of his share of the Fund's income and any income from other passive activities. A special provision of the passive activity rules applies to publicly traded partnerships. If this special provision were to apply to the Fund, certain additional limitations would apply, the most significant of which is that an Investor could only deduct his share of Fund losses and deductions against his share of passive activity income from the Fund. The definition of "publicly traded partnership" for purposes of this special provision is the same as the definition of "publicly traded partnership" discussed under Classification as a Partnership above, except that this special provision does not include the 90% of gross income exception. 70 25. Investment by Qualified Plans and Other Tax Exempt Entities In General. The following entities are generally exempt from federal income taxation: o trusts forming part of a stock bonus, pension, or profit sharing plan (including a Keogh plan) meeting the requirements of Section 401(a); o trusts meeting the requirements for an Individual Retirement Account ("IRA") under Section 408(a) (referred to herein, along with trusts described in (A), as "Qualified Plans"); and o organizations described in Sections 501(c) and 501(d) (collectively with Qualified Plans "Tax Exempt Entities"). This exemption does not apply to the extent that taxable income is derived by the above entities from the conduct of any trade or business which is not substantially related to the exempt function of the entity ("unrelated business taxable income"). If an entity is subject to tax on its "unrelated business taxable income," it may also be subject to the alternative minimum tax on related tax preference items. In the case of a charitable remainder trust, the receipt of any "unrelated business taxable income" during any taxable year will cause all income of the trust for that year to be subject to federal income tax. Therefore, an investment in the Fund by a charitable remainder trust would not ordinarily be appropriate. In some circumstances, however, taxability under the ordinary trust rules may not be disadvantageous to a charitable remainder trust. "Unrelated business taxable income" is generally taxable only to the extent that the Tax Exempt Entity's "unrelated business taxable income" from all sources exceeds $1,000 in any year. The receipt of "unrelated business taxable income" by a Tax Exempt Entity in an amount less than $1,000 per year will, however, require the Tax Exempt Entity (except an IRA) to file a federal income tax return to claim the benefit of the $1,000 per year exemption. Fiduciaries of Tax Exempt Entities considering investing in Shares are urged to consult their own tax advisors concerning the rules governing "unrelated business taxable income." Gains or losses from the sale, exchange or other disposition of property, interest income and royalty income are generally excluded from the computation of "unrelated business taxable income." "Unrelated business taxable income" includes, however, gain or loss from the sale, exchange or other disposition in the ordinary course of the seller's business and "debt-financed property." 71 Although some of the Fund's income may be treated as royalty income, a significant portion of the Fund's income will be considered to be derived from sales in the ordinary course of business. Thus, Tax Exempt Entities should expect a significant portion of the income derived from their investment in the Fund to constitute "unrelated business taxable income." B. Debt-Financed Property. Even though certain types of income, such as interest and royalties, generally may be considered passive and excluded from unrelated business income tax, such income when derived from an investment in property which is "debt-financed" can still result in income subject to taxation. "Debt-financed property" is defined in the Code as any property which is held to produce income and with respect to which there is "acquisition indebtedness." "Acquisition indebtedness" includes indebtedness incurred by a Tax Exempt Entity to acquire Shares and indebtedness incurred by the Fund. Each Tax Exempt Entity should consult with its own counsel regarding whether it may have incurred "acquisition indebtedness" to acquire Shares. In the event the Fund invests in and owns property on which there is "acquisition indebtedness," a portion of each Tax Exempt Entity's distributive share of the Fund's taxable income (including capital gain) may constitute "unrelated business taxable income." This portion would be determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 514 and is the portion of the Tax Exempt Entity's distributive share of Fund income which is approximately equivalent to the ratio of the Fund's debt to the basis of the Fund's property. Therefore, a Tax Exempt Entity that purchases Shares may be required to report such portion of its pro rata share of the Fund's taxable income as "unrelated business taxable income." It should be noted that in computing the "unrelated business taxable income" of a Tax Exempt Entity for this purpose, the deduction for depreciation is limited to the amount computed under the straight-line method. The Fund is likely to incur "acquisition indebtedness" in its operations which is allocable to any Tax Exempt Entity, thus resulting in "unrelated business taxable income" to such entity. C. ERISA Considerations. In considering an investment in Shares, fiduciaries of Qualified Plans should consider (i) whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing such Qualified Plan, (ii) whether the investment satisfies the diversification requirements of 72 Section 404(a)(1)(C) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA"), if applicable; (iii) the fact that the investment may result in "unrelated business taxable income" to the Qualified Plan (including IRAs and Keogh plans); (iv) whether the investment provides sufficient liquidity; (v) their need to value the assets of the Qualified Plan annually; and (vi) whether the investment is prudent. ERISA generally requires that the assets of employee benefit plans be held in trust and that the Manager, or a duly authorized investment manager (within the meaning of Section 3(38) of ERISA), have exclusive authority and discretion to manage and control the assets of the plan. ERISA also imposes certain duties on persons who are fiduciaries of employee benefit plans subject to ERISA and prohibits certain transactions between an employee benefit plan and the parties in interest with respect to such plan (including fiduciaries). Under the Code, similar prohibitions apply to all Qualified Plans, including IRAs and Keogh plans covering only self-employed individuals which are not subject to ERISA. Under ERISA and the Code, any person who exercises any authority or control respecting the management or disposition of the assets of a Qualified Plan is considered to be a fiduciary of such Qualified Plan. Furthermore, ERISA and the Code prohibit "parties in interest" (including fiduciaries) of a Qualified Plan from engaging in various acts of self-dealing such as dealing with the assets of a Qualified Plan for his own account or his own interest. To prevent a possible violation of these self-dealing rules, neither the Manager nor their Affiliates will purchase Shares with assets of any Qualified Plan (including a Keogh plan or IRA) if they (i) have investment discretion with respect to such assets or (ii) regularly give individualized investment advice which serves as the primary basis for the investment decisions with respect to such assets. If the assets of the Fund were deemed to be "plan assets" under ERISA, (i) the prudence standards and other provisions of Title 1 of ERISA applicable to investments by Qualified Plans and their fiduciaries would extend (as to all plan fiduciaries) to investments made by the Fund and (ii) certain transactions that the Fund might seek to enter into might constitute "prohibited transactions" under ERISA and the Code. The Department of Labor has published a final regulation concerning the definition of what constitutes the assets of a Qualified Plan with respect to its investment in another entity (the "ERISA Regulation"). Section 2510.3-101(a)(2) of the ERISA Regulation provides as follows: 73 "Generally, when a plan invests in another entity, the plan's assets include its investment, but do not, solely by reason of such investment, include any of the underlying assets of the entity. However, in the case of a plan's investment in an equity interest of an entity that is neither a publicly-offered security nor a security issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 its assets include both the equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the underlying assets of the entity, unless it is established that (i) The entity is an operating company, or (ii) Equity participation in the entity by benefit plan investors is not significant." Under Section 2510.3-101(f)(1) of the ERISA Regulation, equity participation in an entity by Qualified Plans is "significant" on any date if, immediately after the most recent acquisition of any equity interest in an entity, 25% or more of the value of any class of equity interests in the entity is held by Qualified Plans. Unless another exemption under the Regulation is available, the Manager will not admit any Qualified Plan as an Investor or consent to an assignment of Shares if such admission or assignment will cause 25% or more of the value of any class of Fund Shares to be held by Qualified Plans. Accordingly, the assets of a Qualified Plan investing in the Fund should not, solely by reason of such investment, include any of the underlying assets of the Fund. Each fiduciary of a Qualified Plan (and any other person subject to ERISA) should consult his tax advisor and counsel regarding the effect of the plan asset rules on an investment in the Fund by a Qualified Plan. 26. Partnership Anti-Abuse Regulations Treasury Regulation section 1.701-2(b) provides, inter alia, that: "...if a partnership is formed or availed of in connection with a transaction a principal purpose of which is to reduce substantially the present value of the partners' aggregate federal tax liability in a manner that is inconsistent with the intent of subchapter K, the Commissioner can recast the transaction for federal tax purposes, as appropriate to achieve tax results that are consistent with the intent of subchapter K, in light of the applicable statutory and regulatory provisions and the pertinent facts and circumstances." Subchapter K is the section of the Code which deals with partnership taxation. The Fund does not intend to enter into any transactions which it believes will be subject to recasting by the Service under the authority of this Regulation. Due to the 74 extremely broad language of the Regulation, however, and varying interpretations of the intent of subchapter K, no assurance can be given that the Service will not attempt to apply the Regulation to one or more transactions engaged in by the Fund. 27. Possible Changes in Tax Laws The statues, regulations and rules with respect to all of the foregoing tax matters are constantly subject to change by Congress or by the Department of the Treasury, and the interpretations of such statutes, regulations and rules may be modified or affected by judicial decision or by the Department of the Treasury. Because significant amendments have been made to the Code in recent years and few final regulations have been promulgated pursuant to such amendments and very few rulings have been issued thereunder, and because of the continual changes made by Congress, the Department of the Treasury and the courts with respect to the administration and interpretation of the tax laws, no assurance can be given that the foregoing opinions and interpretations will be sustained or that tax aspects summarized herein will prevail and be available to the Investors. 28. State and Local Taxes In addition to the federal income tax consequences described above, prospective Investors should consider potential state and local tax consequences of an investment in the Fund. In general, an Investor's distributive share of the taxable income or loss of the Fund will be required to be included in determining the Investor's reportable income for state or local tax purposes in the jurisdiction in which he is a resident. In addition, some states in which the Fund may do business or own properties impose taxes on non-resident Investors determined with reference to their pro rata share of Fund income derived from such state. Any tax losses derived through the Fund from operations in such state may be available to offset only income from other sources within the same state. To the extent that a non-resident Investor pays tax to a state by virtue of Fund operations within that state, the Investor may be entitled to a deduction or credit against tax owed to his state of residence with respect to the same income. In addition, estate or inheritance taxes might be payable in such jurisdictions upon the death of an Investor. Thus, an Investor might be subject to income, estate or inheritance taxes and may be required to file tax returns in states and localities where the Fund operates, as well as in the state or locality of his residence. 75 Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors in regard to the state and local income tax consequences of an investment in the Fund. 29. Need for Independent Advice The tax matters relating to the Fund and its proposed transactions are complex and subject to various interpretations. The foregoing analysis is merely a summary and is not intended as a complete discussion of all tax aspects of the Fund's activities or as a substitute for careful tax planning. Each prospective investor must consult with and rely upon his own tax counsel with respect to the possible tax results of his investment in the Fund. Neither the Fund, the Manager, counsel nor professional advisors engaged by or associated with any of them guarantee that the tax consequences contemplated to be offered to the Investors as a result of the proposed investment will in fact be available in whole or in part. Investors must look solely to and rely upon their own advisors with respect to the tax consequences of their investment. 30. Conclusion Subject to the preceding discussion, it is Black & Associates' opinion that the material federal income tax benefits, in the aggregate, anticipated from the operation of the Fund more likely than not will be realized in substantial part by Investors who are individual United States citizens and who acquire their Interest for profit subject to the passive activity loss limitations of Section 469 of the Code. It should be noted that Black & Associates' opinion is not binding upon the Service or the courts. ADDITIONAL ASPECTS OF THE LLC AGREEMENT THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE MANAGER AND THE INVESTORS ARE GOVERNED BY THE LLC AGREEMENT, A COPY OF WHICH IS ATTACHED HERETO AS EXHIBIT A. NO PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD SUBSCRIBE TO THE FUND WITHOUT FIRST THOROUGHLY REVIEWING SUCH AGREEMENT. THE FOLLOWING IS ONLY A BRIEF SUMMARY OF CERTAIN SIGNIFICANT PROVISIONS OF THE LLC AGREEMENT AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS A COMPLETE DISCUSSION OF ALL OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE LLC AGREEMENT. SEE LLC AGREEMENT - EXHIBIT A. 76 Accounting. The accounting period of the Fund will end on December 31 of each year. The Fund will utilize the accrual method of accounting for the Fund's operations on the basis used in preparing the Fund's federal income tax returns with such adjustments as may be in the Fund's best interest. Books and Records; Reports. The Fund will keep appropriate records relating to its activity. All books, records and files of the Fund will be kept at the Manager's office at Great Neck, New York or at another site chosen by the Manager which will either be its office in Ridgewood, New Jersey or the Fund's principal office at 1314 King Street, Wilmington, Delaware. An independent certified public accounting firm will prepare the Fund's federal income tax returns as soon as practicable after the conclusion of each year. The Fund will use its reasonable best efforts to obtain the information for those returns as soon as possible and to cause the resulting accounting and tax information to be transmitted to the Shareholders as soon as possible after receipt from the accounting firm. Investors may receive periodic reports from the Manager as to the Fund's activities and will receive as soon as practicable after the end of each year the necessary federal and state income tax information. Governing Law. All provisions of the LLC Agreement will be construed according to the laws of the State of Delaware except as may otherwise be required by law in any other state. In addition, the LLC Agreement requires that for any lawsuit or other action, except for arbitration, Shareholders consent to personal jurisdiction of and venue in the Delaware courts. Mandatory Binding Arbitration. The LLC Agreement contains a provision that requires all disputes arising under or with respect to the LLC Agreement, either brought by the Manager or a Shareholder, to be submitted to binding arbitration in New York, New York. Such arbitration shall be governed and conducted in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association; to the extent such rules do not conflict with the express terms of the LLC Agreement's arbitration provision. As a result, a Shareholder shall not be entitled to bring an action in a court of law against the Manager or the Fund but shall be limited only to submitting such claim to arbitration. The determination of the arbitration panel is binding on both parties and cannot be appealed to a court of law. In addition, the arbitration provision contains a "no class action" clause, pursuant to which Shareholders will be prohibited from bringing or certifying a class action, or consolidating such Shareholder's claim with those of other similarly situated Shareholders. Thus, Shareholders are limited to 77 submitting their own individual claims to arbitration. Shareholders should be aware that notwithstanding this provision of the LLC Agreement, certain rights under the federal Securities Law may be subject to waiver and, under such circumstances, this provision may not apply. Control of LLC Operations. The powers vested in the Manager under the LLC Agreement are broad. The Manager has full, exclusive and complete discretion in the management and control of the affairs of the Fund and Investors have no power to take part in the management of, or to bind, the Fund. The Fund's officers are appointed by the Manager and may be removed by it at any time. Additionally, the Manager may authorize any sale, lease, pledge or other transfer of substantially all of a Fund's assets without a vote of the Investors. Amendments and Voting Rights. The Manager may amend the LLC Agreement without notice to or approval of the holders of Investor Shares for the following purposes: to cure ambiguities or errors; to conform the LLC Agreement to the description in this Memorandum; to equitably resolve issues arising under the LLC Agreement so long as similarly situated Investors are not treated materially differently; to comply with law; to make other changes that will not materially and adversely affect any Investor's interest; to maintain the federal income tax status of the Fund or any Shareholder, as long as no Investor's liability is materially increased; or to make modifications to the computation of items affecting the Investors' capital accounts to comply with the Code or to reflect the creation of an additional class or series of Shares and the terms thereof. Other amendments to a Fund's LLC Agreement may be proposed either by the Manager or by Fund Investors either by calling a meeting of the Shareholders or by soliciting written consents. The procedure for such meetings or solicitations is found at Section 15.2 of the Fund's LLC Agreement. Such proposed amendments require the approval of Investors who hold of record at least a majority of the total Investor Shares on the record date for the action, given at a meeting of Shareholders or by written consents. Any amendment requiring Investor action (other than an amendment to allow the Fund to be taxed other than as a partnership) may not increase any Shareholder's liability, change the Capital Contributions required of him or her or his or her rights in interest in the Fund's Profits, Losses, deductions, credits, revenues or distributions in more than a de minimis matter, or change his or her rights on dissolution or any voting rights without the Shareholder's consent. Any amendment which changes the 78 Manager's management rights requires its consent. Generally, Investors have no right to vote on matters not involving an amendment to the LLC Agreement or the removal of the Manager. However, if any other matter does require a vote of Investors, it must be approved by Investors who own of record at least a majority of the total Investor Shares, or if a different vote is required by law, each Investor will have voting rights equal to his or her total Investor Shares for purposes of determining the number of votes cast or not cast. For all purposes, a majority of the Investor Shares is a majority of the issued and outstanding shares, including those owned, if any, by the Manager or its Affiliates. A majority of the shares voted is insufficient if it is less than a majority of the outstanding shares. The consent of all holders of Investor Shares is required for dissolving or terminating a Fund, other than as provided by the LLC Agreement; or adding a new Manager except as described below. Removal of Manager. Investors may propose the removal of the Manager, either by calling a meeting or soliciting consents in accordance with the terms of the LLC Agreement. Removal of the Manager requires the affirmative vote of Investors who are holders of record of at least a majority of the total Investor Shares. See "Fiduciary Responsibilities of Manager" for information on the effect of votes cast by interested Shareholders. Removal of a Manager causes a dissolution of the Fund unless a majority of the Investor Shares elects to continue the Fund. The Investors may replace the removed Manager or fill a vacancy by vote of Investors who hold of record a majority of the total Investor Shares. If the Manager is removed, resigns (other than voluntarily without cause) or is unable to serve, it may elect to exchange its management rights and rights to distributions, if any, for a series of cash payments from the Fund in amounts equal to the amounts of distributions to which the Manager would otherwise have been entitled under the LLC Agreement in respect of investments made by the Fund prior to the date of any such removal, resignation or other incapacity. The removed Manager would continue to receive its pro rata share of all allocations to Investors as provided in the LLC Agreement which are attributable to any Investor Shares owned by it. Alternatively, the removed Manager may elect to engage a qualified independent appraiser and cause the Fund to engage another qualified independent appraiser (at the Fund's expense in each case) to value the Fund Property as of the date of such removal, resignation or other incapacity as if the property had 79 been sold at its fair market value so as to include all unrealized gains and losses. If the two appraisers cannot agree on a value, they would appoint a third independent appraiser (whose cost would be borne by the Fund) whose determination, made on the same basis, would be final and binding. Based on the appraisal, the Fund would make allocations to the removed Manager's capital account of Profits, Losses and other items resulting from the appraisal as of the date of such removal, resignation or other incapacity as if the Fund's fiscal year had ended, solely for the purpose of determining the Manager's capital account. If the removed Manager has a positive capital account after such allocation, the Fund would deliver a promissory note of the Fund to the Manager, the principal amount of which would be equal to the Manager's capital account and which would bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the prime rate in effect at Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A. on the date of removal, resignation or other incapacity, with interest payable annually and unpaid principal payable only from 25% of any available cash before any distributions thereof are made to the Investors under the LLC Agreement. If the capital account of the removed Manager has a negative balance after such allocation, it would be obligated to contribute to the capital of the Fund in its sole discretion either cash in an amount equal to the negative balance in its capital account or a promissory note to the Fund in such principal amount maturing five years after the date of such removal, resignation or other incapacity, bearing interest at the rate specified above. If the removed Manager chose to elect the appraisal alternative, its entire interest in the Fund would be terminated other than the right to receive the promissory note and payments thereunder as provided above. Dissolution of Fund. The Fund will dissolve on the earliest to occur of (a) December 31, 2045, (b) the sale of substantially all of the Fund's Property, (c) the removal, dissolution, resignation, insolvency, bankruptcy, death or other legal incapacity or disqualification of the Manager, (d) the vote of either all Investors or of the Manager and Investors who own at least a majority of the Investor Shares of record or (e) any other event requiring dissolution by law. The Fund will wind up its business after dissolution unless (i) the Manager and Investors who own at least a majority of the Investor Shares of record or (ii) if there is no Manager, Investors who own at least a majority of the Investor Shares of record, elect to continue the Fund. The Manager (or in the absence thereof, a liquidating trustee chosen by the Investors) will liquidate the Fund's assets if it is not continued. 80 Transferability of Interests. No Investor may assign or transfer all or any part of his or her interest in the Fund and no transferee will be deemed a substituted Investor or be entitled to exercise or receive any of the rights, powers or benefits of an Investor other than the right to receive distributions attributable to the transferred interest unless (i) such transferee has been approved and accepted by a Fund, in its sole and absolute discretion, as a substituted Investor, and (ii) certain other requirements set forth in the Fund's LLC Agreement have been satisfied. The Fund and Manager retain the right to deny or place conditions on any such transfer if the Fund or Manager believe that such transfer would be in violation of applicable federal or state securities laws or impose reporting obligations upon the Fund. The Manager may not resign except for cause (which cause does not include the fact or determination that continued service would be unprofitable to it) and may not transfer its interest in a Fund except to pledge it as security for a loan to the Manager if the pledge does not reduce cash flow distributable to other Shareholders, or to waive compensation and fees payable to it under the LLC Agreement. The Manager's Capital Account. The Manager is obligated under the LLC Agreement to restore any deficit in its capital account prior to any liquidating distribution by a Fund. The Manager reserves the right, however, to offset this obligation by waiving all or a portion of its rights to a distribution of any fees or other compensation due it under the Fund's LLC Agreement. LIABILITY Assuming compliance with the LLC Agreement and applicable formative and qualifying requirements in Delaware and any other jurisdiction in which a Fund conducts its business, an Investor generally will not be personally liable under Delaware law for any obligations of the Fund, except to the extent of any unpaid Capital Contributions, except for the amount of any wrongful distributions that render the Fund insolvent and except for indemnification liabilities arising from any misrepresentation made by him or her in the Investor Subscription Booklet (separately bound as Exhibit D to this Memorandum) submitted to the Fund. The law governing whether a jurisdiction other than Delaware will honor the limitation of liability extended under Delaware law to the Investors is uncertain. All states have adopted specific legislation permitting limited liability companies to limit the liability of their members and it is likely that those states would similarly honor a Fund's limitations on liability of 81 Investors. In many states, there has been no authoritative judicial determination as to whether the limitation of liability would be honored. However, regardless of the local treatment of LLC's, the Fund believes, although it can not guarantee, that the Investors will not be subject to personal liability and that with regard to the operation of a Fund itself, the limitation of Investors' liability under Delaware law will govern. Investors should be aware, however, that notwithstanding anything contained herein regarding Investor liability, Investors maybe required to return distributions made to them by the Fund if, within a certain period of time after such distribution the Fund becomes insolvent. BY SIGNING THE SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT (EITHER IN PERSON OR BY THEIR REPRESENTATIVES) AND ENGAGING TO PAY THE PRICE OF SHARES, AN INVESTOR BECOMES BOUND BY THE PROVISIONS OF HIS OR HER FUND'S LLC AGREEMENT AT THE TIME HIS OR HER SUBSCRIPTION IS ACCEPTED BY THE FUND, EVEN THOUGH HE OR SHE DOES NOT SIGN THE LLC AGREEMENT. OTHER INFORMATION General The Fund undertakes to make available to each prospective Investor or his purchaser representative, or both, during the course of the transaction and prior to sale, the opportunity to ask questions of and receive answers from the Fund or any person acting on its behalf relating to the terms and conditions of the offering and to obtain any additional information necessary to verify the accuracy of information made available to such purchaser. Prospective Investors may only rely on information provided to them in writing and signed by the Fund. Prior to making an investment decision respecting the securities described herein, a prospective Investor should carefully review and consider this entire Memorandum and the exhibits thereto including without limitation the LLC Agreement. Prospective Investors are urged to make arrangements with the Fund to inspect any books, records, contracts, or instruments referred to in this Memorandum and other data relating thereto. The Fund is available to discuss with prospective Investors any matter set forth in this Memorandum or any other matter relating to the securities described herein, so that Investors and their advisors, if any, may have available to them all information, financial and otherwise, necessary to formulate a well-informed investment decision. 82 Authorized Sales Material Sales material may be used in connection with the Offering of the Shares only when accompanied or preceded by the delivery of this Memorandum. Only sales material that indicates that it is distributed or approved by the Fund or the Placement Agent may be distributed to prospective Investors. In addition, the Fund or the Placement Agent may distribute a summary of the Offering containing highlights or other summary information concerning the Offering, information regarding the Manager, a particular project, the Fund or other investment programs sponsored by the Manager or one of its Affiliates. All such additional sales material will be signed by or otherwise identified as authorized by the Fund. Any other sales material or information has not been authorized for use by the Fund or the Placement Agent and must be disregarded by Investors. All authorized sales material will be consistent with this Memorandum, as supplemented. Nevertheless, sales material by its nature does not purport to be a complete description of this Offering and Investors must review this Memorandum and supplements carefully for a complete description of the Offering. Authorized sales material should not be considered to be the basis for the Offering of Shares or an Investor's decision to purchase Shares. Sales material is not a part of this Memorandum and is not incorporated by reference into this Memorandum unless expressly stated in this Memorandum or supplements hereto. INVESTORS MAY NOT RELY ON ORAL STATEMENTS MADE BY BROKER-DEALERS, REGISTERED REPRESENTATIVES, OR OFFICERS OR EMPLOYEES OF THE MANAGER OR THE FUND. LEGAL MATTERS The validity of the issuance of the Shares offered hereby is being passed upon for the Manager by Black & Associates, 350 Fifth Avenue, Suite 6710, New York, New York 10118. Such firm has acted as special counsel to the Manager and will not represent or advise the Fund or any prospective Investor in connection with this Offering. THEREFORE, EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT THE INVESTOR'S OWN LEGAL, TAX AND INVESTMENT COUNSEL. Copies of Black & Associates' opinion as to the validity of the issuance of the Shares and its opinion regarding the tax aspects of an investment in the Fund may be obtained by writing to the Fund. 83 Black & Associates' representation of the Manager has been limited to matters specifically addressed to it. No Investor should assume that Black & Associates has in any manner investigated the merits of an investment in the Shares, or undertaken any role other than reviewing items specifically referred to it with regard to the preparation of this Memorandum and the issuance of the opinions. LITIGATION AND OTHER PROCEEDINGS The Fund is not a party to any pending legal proceeding. Prior proceedings affecting the Manager or its Affiliates follow. In April 2002 Ridgewood Securities Corporation received notice from the NASD of a proposed disciplinary action citing the failures by Mr. Swanson and its other principal to complete a continuing education requirement on time. On June 10, 2002, Ridgewood Securities Corporation accepted and paid the proposed penalty of $7,500. The omissions had no effect on any Ridgewood investment program or investors. There have been no legal proceedings commenced against Ridgewood Energy, Robert E. Swanson or any of their affiliates as to any Ridgewood Energy program offered in 1990 or in subsequent years. However, there were several lawsuits filed with respect to Ridgewood Energy Funds formed from 1986 through 1989. As described below, those suits were settled (in one case) or dismissed by the court (in all other cases). There is no pending litigation as to Funds offered in the 1980s. There has been no litigation on any Ridgewood Energy Fund offered after 1990. In 1995, another plaintiff's attorney commenced an action against Ridgewood Energy, Mr. Swanson and others in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging a variety of the claims described above, named Gunter, et al. v. Ridgewood Energy Corp., et al. (the "Gunter Case"). The complaint in the Gunter Case alleged claims arising out of the 1994 sale of the assets of certain Ridgewood Energy oil and gas programs to Apache Corporation. On December 4, 1995 the judge hearing the case entered an order which certified the Gunter Case as a "class action," thereby permitting plaintiffs to represent a "class"' consisting of the investors in the 1986 through 1989 Ridgewood Energy oil and gas programs which participated in the sale of assets to Apache Corporation. After extensive pre-trial discovery and motion practice, the parties agreed in June 1999 to a settlement of the action in which, inclusive of attorneys' fees, Ridgewood Energy Corporation and Mr. Swanson paid the class a total of $5 million in five annual installments beginning in June 1999. All such installments have been paid. The court considered and approved the fairness of the settlement in September 1999. 84 On April 24, 1996, a group of 31 investors in various Ridgewood Energy oil and gas programs commenced an action in the New Jersey Superior Court against Ridgewood Energy Corporation, Ridgewood Securities Corporation and Robert E. Swanson alleging common law fraud, negligent misrepresentation and breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of securities in those programs between 1986 and 1990. No specific damages were claimed. Most of the plaintiffs in this lawsuit were plaintiffs in the lawsuit described above and it essentially restated the allegations of that 1991 lawsuit. The lawsuit was dormant from June 1996 to September 1997, when the court dismissed it without prejudice because the plaintiffs had not pursued the lawsuit. Described below are proceedings which do not involve Ridgewood Energy, but involve Ridgewood Renewable Power, or Ridgewood Capital, both of which were also founded by, and controlled by Robert E. Swanson. Ridgewood Renewable Power plus Ridgewood Capital have invested in dozens of different businesses, and lawsuits, many of them frivolous, are a part of doing business in this litigious age. In addition to routine litigation occurring in the ordinary course of the management of the Ridgewood Renewable Power Programs ("Power Programs"), Ridgewood Renewable Power and two of the Power Programs were sued by seven individuals alleging that a registered representative of a broker-dealer not affiliated with Ridgewood Renewable Power had made false statements to them and to Ridgewood Power on their behalf in connection with the sale of interests in the Power Programs, but that Ridgewood Renewable Power nonetheless benefited from and is responsible for the representative's actions. Plaintiffs also sued the registered representative's employer and seven issuers, none of whom are affiliated with Ridgewood Power, whose securities were also sold by the registered representative to plaintiffs. During 2001 and in January 2002, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland and the Maryland trial courts gave summary judgment in favor of Ridgewood Renewable Power and the two Power Programs in all of these cases except for the last case, which was dismissed voluntarily by the plaintiff. All appeals periods have expired and the judgments in favor of Ridgewood Renewable Power are final. On August 4, 2001, NetHorsepower, Inc., a Portfolio Company owned by the two Ridgewood Capital Venture Partners II programs, brought suit against Ridgewood Capital Management LLC and Ridgewood Horsepower, LLC (the holding 85 company for the investment made by the Venture Partners II programs) alleging breach of a contract and breach of fiduciary obligations. The claimed damages are in excess of $5 million. The lawsuit was brought in the Superior Court of California, Visalia County, but the defendants removed the case to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California and it was then transferred to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on Ridgewood Capital's motion. On January 28, 2002, that court dismissed Ridgewood Capital and all defendants with prejudice except for Ridgewood Horsepower, LLC. Subsequently, the federal action was dismissed as to Ridgewood Horsepower, LLC without prejudice, and a second action, naming Ridgewood Capital, Ridgewood Horsepower, LLC and two individual Ridgewood Capital associates was filed in Tulare County, California Superior Court, based on the same set of operative facts. By stipulation, it was transferred to the San Francisco County Superior Court. An amended compliant was filed, in which after demurrers, the claims of certain individual plaintiffs' were dismissed and the only remaining claim against Ridgewood Horsepower LLC alleges breach of contract. There are also claims against the two Ridgewood Capital associates, who are being defended by Ridgewood Capital, asserting breach of duty and constructive fraud. A summary judgment motion is anticipated. Ridgewood Horsepower has no assets other than its investment in NetHorsepower and thus Ridgewood Capital believes that in its current form the lawsuit is not likely to have a material impact on the Venture Partners II programs or Ridgewood Capital. Recently, the case against Ridgewood Capital, as well as other Ridgewood defendants, was dismissed. Plaintiffs are planning an appeal. On December 11, 2001, Ms. Jeanette Granat, the holder of five shares in Ridgewood Venture Partners II LLC (one of the Venture Partners II programs), brought a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida against that program, Ridgewood Capital and the Placement Agent. Ms. Granat had failed to make capital call payments and owed approximately 65% of the amount due for the five shares she had purchased. She requested declaratory and injunctive relief compelling that program to recognize her as the owner of five full shares and to overrule forfeiture provisions of that program that have deprived her of certain distributions and rights to proceeds because of her capital call defaults. In addition, she complains of alleged breaches of fiduciary duty and the program's limited liability company agreement by Ridgewood Capital. Ridgewood Capital believes that the lawsuit is without merit and is an attempt by Ms. Granat to avoid the consequences of her defaults. Recently, Ridgewood Capital settled this case with Ms. Granat paying her approximately $100,000 and agreeing to transfer a small percentage of Ridgewood Capital's "back-end" participation rights with respect to Ridgewood Venture Partners II LLC investment in SavaJe Technologies. 86 On July 23, 2002, Ridgewood Capital received notice that ACO Partners, LLC, who had invested approximately $1 million in shares of GroupFire, Inc., a portfolio company owned by the two Ridgewood Capital Venture Partners II programs, had brought suit against Ridgewood Capital, the two funds, a former consultant to the funds and Ridgewood GroupFire, LLC (the holding company for the investment made by the Venture Partners II programs). The lawsuit alleged breach of contract, fraud, breach of fiduciary duty and securities law violations based on defendant's failure to provide additional capital to GroupFire, Inc. and an alleged plan to prevent any other person from obtaining control of the company. The Santa Clara County, California Superior Court sustained two demurrers to the complaint, and on June 4, 2003, judgment was entered in favor of the Ridgewood defendants and against plaintiff. All appeal periods have expired and the judgment is final. Financial Statements Since the Fund is newly formed and has acquired no assets and incurred no liabilities, no financial statements are included for the Fund. A copy of the unaudited financial statements of Ridgewood Energy Corporation as of December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2005 are attached hereto as Exhibit C. DEFINITIONS Whenever used in this Memorandum, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below, unless the context otherwise indicates. The singular shall include the plural and the masculine gender shall include the feminine and vice versa, as the context requires. In addition, the term "person" as used in this Memorandum shall include natural persons and entities, including without limitation, corporations, unless the context otherwise indicates. ACT - The Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. ADDITIONAL CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS - Any capital contributions to the Fund made by a Shareholder pursuant to Section 9.8 of the LLC Agreement. 87 ADDITIONAL WELL ACTIVITIES - The drilling, developing, completing, equipping, reworking or re-entering wells after the expenditure of the initial Capital Contributions. ADMINISTRATIVE AND OVERHEAD EXPENSES - The customary, routine and necessary costs and expenses incurred by the Manager which are associated with or attributable to administration of the business of the Fund, including, but not limited to, an allocable portion of telephone, postage, computer service, accounting and legal fees, regulatory reporting, and an allocable portion of salaries and expenses of employees and officers of the Manager. Such expenses do not include the direct expenses of the Fund such as legal, accounting and consulting expenses. AFFILIATE - An "affiliate" of, or person "affiliated" with, a specified person is a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, the person specified. BLOCK - A numbered area of acreage, either on land or submerged in the Gulf of Mexico, on an official diagram of leasing map which is auctioned off and leased by the MMS for exploratory drilling and development. CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS - The contributions of the Investors to the Fund. For all purposes of this Memorandum, the Capital Contribution of each Investor shall be $150,000 per Share (prorated for fractional or multiple Shares). CARRIED INTEREST - Typically, a fractional Working Interest retained by the seller of a Working Interest on the condition that the purchasers ratably pay the portion of drilling costs for the first well otherwise attributable to the Carried Interest. CODE - The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. DELAWARE ACT - The Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, as amended. DRY-HOLE COSTS - The cost of drilling the well. Completion costs are in addition to Dry-Hole costs but only come due if the well locates producible oil or gas. 88 ESCROW DATE - The date on which the Fund has collected full payment for at least 10 Shares and has deposited those funds in the escrow account for this Offering. FARMEE - The person who is assigned a Working Interest or portion thereof under a Farm-out Agreement. FARM-IN - Earning acreage in potential oil and natural gas properties under a Farm-out Agreement. FARMOR - Owner of a Working Interest already under lease who assigns all or a portion of such interest under a Farm-out Agreement. FARM-OUT - Assigning all or a portion of a Farmor's Working Interest in a lease pursuant to a Farm-out Agreement. FARM-OUT AGREEMENT - An agreement whereby the owner of the Working Interest agrees to assign all or a portion of such interest in certain specific acreage, subject to the drilling of one or more specific wells or other performance as a condition of the assignment, and retains some interest such as an Overriding Royalty Interest, an oil and natural gas payment, offset acreage or other type of interest which may convert to a Working Interest after the drilling of an initial well, the recoupment of costs of the assignee or some other event. FUND - Ridgewood Energy S Fund, LLC, c/o Ridgewood Energy Corporation, 1010 Northern Boulevard, Suite 208, Great Neck, New York 11021. FUND PROPERTY - All property owned or acquired by the Fund or on its behalf. INTANGIBLE DRILLING COSTS - All expenditures made with respect to any well, prior the establishment of production in commercial quantities, for wages, fuel, repairs, hauling, supplies and other costs and expenses incident to an necessary for the drilling of such well, which costs and expenses may be currently deducted for federal income tax purposes pursuant to Section 263(c) of the Code and Treasury Regulation Section 1.612-4(a). INVESTOR - A purchaser of whole or fractional Shares. LLC ACT - The Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, as amended. 89 LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT or LLC AGREEMENT - The Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of February 1,, 2006, by the Manager that establishes the Fund and the rights and obligations of the Manager and the Shareholders. A copy is annexed to this Memorandum as Exhibit A. LOSSES - See "PROFITS or LOSSES," below. MANAGING PERSONS - All of the following persons: the Manager, the Affiliates of the Manager, and the directors, officers and agents of any of the foregoing when acting on behalf of the Fund. MANAGER - Ridgewood Energy Corporation or such substitute or different Manager as may subsequently be admitted to the Fund pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement. MEMORANDUM - This Confidential Memorandum, dated January 2, 2006 may be amended or supplemented from time to time. MMS - The Minerals Management Service, an agent of the United State Department of the Interior, that conducts the auctions of lease Blocks and provides general oversight of the Interior Department's offshore programs. NON-CONSENT INTEREST - Contractual ownership interests created out of existing Working Interests under operating agreements, rather than an interest in the entire lease on which the wells are to be located. They are called "non-consent" because they are triggered when a Working Interest owner declines to supply additional capital for the drilling of new wells or for other purposes. The person who does supply that capital is granted a Non-Consent Interest in the new well or other facility. Those Non-Consent interests will revert back to the original Working Interest owners upon the recoupment by the owner of the Non-Consent Interest of a penalty amount from the production attributable to the non-consent interest. After such reversion, the Non-Consent Interest owner will have no more ownership rights with respect to the reverted interest. OCS - Outer Continental Shelf. OCSLA - The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act. OPERATING AGREEMENT - The operating agreement among Working Interest owners, including without limitation the Fund (or a joint venture in which such person participates), and the Operator of wells which provides the terms and conditions pursuant to which the Operator will conduct operations on jointly owned oil and gas properties. 90 OPERATING COSTS - The customary expenses incurred in connection with the operation and maintenance of a well in which the Fund owns an interest and the production and marketing of oil and natural gas therefrom, including delay rentals, storage rental, or shut-in gas royalties paid with respect to the leases, the costs of reworking or plugging and abandoning commercial wells, all costs of gathering, treating, compressing and transporting oil and natural gas and all severance, windfall profits, ad valorem and other taxes (other than income taxes). OPERATOR - Any person, Fund, corporation or other entity responsible for conducting operations on jointly owned oil and gas operations for the account of all Working Interest owners, usually pursuant to the terms of an Operating Agreement. ORGANIZATIONAL, DISTRIBUTION AND OFFERING EXPENSES - Expenses incurred by the Manager for organizing the Fund and closing the offering, including without limitation legal, accounting, engineering and geologic consulting fees, filing and other expenses of organizing the Fund, distribution and selling costs, and closing costs for the offering. OVERRIDING ROYALTY INTEREST - A royalty interest carved out of the Working Interest net of the landowner's royalty. PLACEMENT AGENT - Ridgewood Securities Corporation, a Delaware corporation with its principal office at 947 Linwood Avenue, Ridgewood, New Jersey. PRODUCTIVE WELL - A producing well or a well capable of production whether or not completed or currently shut in. PROFITS or LOSSES - For a given period, the Fund's taxable income or loss, respectively, as determined under the Code, adjusted as follows: any income of the Fund exempt from federal income tax and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits or Losses and any income and gain described in Treasure Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(g)(1) is added to taxable income or loss; any expenditures of the Fund described in Code Section 705(a)(2)(B) or treated as such under Treasure Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(i) and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits or Losses are subtracted from taxable income or loss; 91 unrealized gain or loss on distributions in kind deemed to have been realized on the distributed property is added or subtracted, respectively, from taxable income or loss; and items specially allocated under Sections 4.4 and 7.4 of the LLC Agreement are not taken into account. PROJECT - An area designated by the Manager in which the Fund owns or expects to own one or more oil and natural gas interests and which the Manager reasonably believe contains at least one reservoir of oil, natural gas or other hydrocarbons. REGULATIONS - The applicable Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Code. RIDGEWOOD - Ridgewood Energy Corporation, a Delaware corporation wholly owned by Robert E. Swanson that is the Manager of the Fund. RIDGEWOOD ENERGY PROGRAM or PRIOR PROGRAM - One of the prior drilling and completion limited partnerships or business trusts, or funds within those limited partnerships, or one of the five Leasebank programs, or any other program sponsored by Ridgewood and that have invested in the oil and gas industry. RIDGEWOOD SECURITIES - a Delaware corporation wholly owned by Robert E. Swanson that will act as the Placement Agent for this offering. ROYALTY - An interest in oil, natural gas or other minerals that entitles the owner of the underlying real property to a specified fraction of production, in kind or in value, free of the expense of development and operation, and which is payable out of the leasehold interest after deduction of the cost of processing, transporting and marketing such production. SALVAGE FUND - A fund in the nature of a sinking fund established to provide for funding anticipated salvage costs and other expenses incident to the shutdown of wells, the removal of facilities and environmental rehabilitation, if required. SERVICE - The Internal Revenue Service. 92 SHAREHOLDER - A member of the Fund, including each Investor and Ridgewood. SHUT-IN - To temporarily cease production from and operation of a well by shutting the valves at the wellhead or nearby. SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT - The form of agreement (contained in Exhibit D hereto, which is separately bound) which each prospective Investor must execute in order to subscribe for Shares in the Fund. TERMINATION DATE - July 31, 2006 or such later date determined by the Manager as permitted by and pursuant to the LLC Agreement. SHARES - Beneficial interests in the Fund representing a Capital Contribution of $150,000. WORKING INTEREST - A Working Interest is an interest under an oil and natural gas lease, which carries with it the obligation to pay the costs of such operation. The holders of the entire Working Interest bear 100% of the costs of exploring, drilling, developing and operating the lease and are entitled to receive revenues derived from oil and natural gas production on such lease which remain after deduction of the cost of processing, transporting and marketing such oil and natural gas, Royalty payments, Overriding Royalty Interest payments and other burdens on production.
EX-10.1 5 ex10_1.txt EXHIBIT 10.1 Chevron Gordon R. Cain North America Upstream [LOGO OMITTED] Land Manager Gulf of Mexico Land Division 935 Gravier Street New Orleans, LA 70112 Tel 504-592-6356 Fax 504-592-7110 GordonCain@chevron.com November 1, 2006 Ridgewood Energy Corporation 11700 Old Katy Road, Suite 280 Houston TX, 77079 Attention: Mr. Greg Tabor Participation Agreement North Jaguar Prospect OCS-G 13980, VIOSCA KNOLL BLOCK 207 Viosca Knoll Block 207 #2ST #2 Viosca Knoll Field Offshore Alabama Gentlemen: This Participation Agreement ("PA"), when executed by each of the Parties hereto, being Chevron U.S.A. Inc. ("Chevron") and Ridgewood Energy Corporation ("Ridgewood"), sometimes hereinafter referred to as the "Parties", will evidence the agreement between the Parties to explore, develop and operate certain rights in the "Contract Area", as defined below. The Parties hereby agree to the following terms and conditions: 1. CONTRACT AREA. The Contract Area is the leasehold acreage that covers the following described property: Viosca Knoll Block 207 (OCS-G 13980) as said lease covers depths down to and including the total depth of 99,999', hereinafter referred to as the "Contract Area." Chevron's interest in the Contract Area, to the best of our information and belief is set out as shown in Exhibit "A" attached hereto and is hereinafter referred to as the "North Jaguar Prospect". 2. COMMENCEMENT. Subject to the other terms hereof, weather delay, delivery of materials, (e.g. pipe), rig availability and obtaining all requisite permits, which rig and permits Chevron shall use reasonable business-like efforts to obtain, Ridgewood hereby obligates itself to participate, subject to and under the Article 3 terms below, and, Chevron, as operator, must commence mobilizing the Ocean Drake drilling rig or mobilizing a drilling rig capable of drilling the Viosca Knoll Block 207 #2ST #2, hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "Initial Well", on or before November 22, 2006, as a development well, to be sidetracked, drilled and logged pursuant to certain terms of': the Operating Agreement ("OA"), attached hereto as Exhibit "B". The terms and provisions of the OA are incorporated herein as if set forth in full, are not intended to create any operating rights area in which Ridgewood owns an interest in the Contract Area and apply, prior to any earning by Ridgewood but, solely to recognize the rights, privileges and protections of Chevron as operator and for pre-earning notices, content and election periods and access by Ridgewood to the rig floor, but not otherwise. The costs, risks and expenses of the Initial Well are proportionately borne under this PA, and not the OA, until an earning by Ridgewood. Voting rights under this PA for operations shall require unanimous consent prior to earning, and a failure to reach unanimous consent shall be cause for the plugging and abandonment of the well by Chevron. Either party may propose abandonment at any time after reaching expenditure of one hundred and fifteen percent (115%) of the AFE. The Initial Well will be sidetracked, drilled and logged as per the final executed and approved Authority For Expenditure ("AFE") and well plan, as attached hereto as Exhibit "C", within the Contract Area, from a surface location of 7,329' FNL and 266' FEL on Viosca Knoll Block 206 OCS-G 10926 (X = 1,266,927, Y = 10,811,390') to a bottom hole location for this proposed sidetrack being 7,598' FNL and 4,719' FWL of Viosca Knoll Block 207 OCS-G 13980 (X = 1,271,912.76, Y = 10,811,120.46). The Initial Well shall be sidetracked, drilled and logged with due diligence and in accordance with good oilfield practice, at an estimated sub sea top of 14,565', to the Lower Cretaceous Aptian 115 MYBD Middle James age carbonate formation, hereinafter referred to as the "Objective", and casing point shall occur when the Initial Well is side tracked, drilled and logged to the Objective. Subject to the other terms herein, sidetracking, drilling and logging operations will be conducted to casing point, and elections regarding subsequent operations after reaching the Objective will be made under and subject to the OA in the proportions prescribed under Exhibit "B" OA, with costs, risks and expense of such operations and ownership of and earning in the Contract Area governed by this PA prior to earning and by the OA after any earning. 3. PROSPECT WELL COST SHARING. Chevron has proposed and Ridgewood has approved the sidetracking, drilling and logging of the Initial Well in the Contract Area as set forth in the attached Exhibit "C" ATE. By executing this PA and obligating itself to participate in the Initial Well, Ridgewood has the right to earn a forty percent (40%) working interest of the Chevron interest, proportionately reduced, in the Contract Area, upon meeting the obligations herein and in particular those set forth in Article 5 below for the Initial Well or Substitute Well, by paying seventy percent (70%) of the costs, to the extent applicable under this PA, of sidetracking, drilling and logging to the Objective, and/or plugging & abandoning, as a dry hole if applicable, of the Initial Well or Substitute Well, up to one hundred and fifteen percent (115%) of the costs in the attached Exhibit "C" AFE. If the Initial Well's actual cost exceeds the amount as set forth on the AFE by f fifteen percent (15%) or upon reaching the Objective, whichever occurs first, Ridgewood will thereafter pay and bear forty percent (40%) of the costs and risks of all subsequent operations in such well over such AFE cost for further drilling operations. However, notwithstanding anything to the contrary, if the Parties unanimously elect not to complete the Initial Well, whether or not reaching the Objective, but unanimously elect to plug Ridgewood North Jaguar PA November 1, 2006 Page 2 and abandon the same, Ridgewood will pay and bear seventy percent (70%) of the costs and risks of such plugging and abandoning operations. The Parties agree that should a Substitute Well, as specified in Article 10, below, be approved by the Parties and commenced, Ridgewood's obligation to pay seventy percent (70%) of the AFE costs will cease at the point in time that the actual costs of the Initial Well plus the actual costs of the Substitute Well combined equal one hundred and fifteen percent (115%) of the AFE costs for the Initial Well; provided however, once the aggregate costs of the Initial Well and Substitute Well equal one hundred and fifteen percent (115%) of the costs of the total amount of the AFE for the Initial Well, Ridgewood's share of all subsequent drilling and operating costs will be forty percent (40%), subject to further rights, elections and provisions of this PA or the OA, as applicable. Effective upon and after reaching the Objective, but not before, the right to non-consent further or subsequent operations provided by the overexpenditure provision of the OA shall apply to subsequent operations. Prior to reaching the Objective, the Parties remain bound to the obligations of the PA, subject to the other terms of Article 2. It is the intention of the Parties, subject to Article 4 below, that the 1.75:1 promote borne by Ridgewood in favor of Chevron under the PA for the costs and risk of sidetracking, drilling and logging operations conducted under the PA shall end upon the earlier of earning, as detailed in Article 5 below, or the aggregate expenditure of one hundred and fifteen percent (115%) of the AFE cost. 4. REIMBURSEMENT OF ADDITIONAL PROMOTE. The Parties further agree that if the Initial Well or Substitute Well is completed as a successful well and produces 12 BCF gross of gas, then Chevron shall bill, and Ridgewood shall, within thirty days of such event, reimburse to Chevron, in one lump sum payment additional monies towards the sidetracking, drilling and logging operations cost conducted hereunder, plus jacket cost, the sum of the following: 1) an additional ten percent (10%) of the actual expended sidetracking, drilling and logging operations cost to the Objective, but not to exceed one hundred and fifteen percent (115%) of the AFE cost, and 2) an additional forty percent (40%) of the actual jacket cost (being its 40% working interest plus an additional 40% for a total of 80% of the actual jacket costs), which combined thereby increases the promote paid by Ridgewood to Chevron to a 2:1 level for the AFE cost, subject to Article 3, plus the jacket cost. 5. ASSIGNMENT, TIMING & INTEREST TRANSFERRED. Ridgewood shall earn, and Chevron shall timely make, an Assignment of Operating Rights ("Assignment") in the Contract Area to Ridgewood, if and only if: a) the Initial Well or Substitute Well is sidetracked, drilled and logged to the Objective as described in Article 2 above, or b) if the Initial Well, or its Substitute Well, either fails to reach the Objective, or reaches the Objective, but the Parties have expended at least one hundred and fifteen percent (115%) of the funds estimated to sidetrack, drill and log the Initial Well as stated in the AFE, Ridgewood North Jaguar PA November 1, 2006 Page 3 whether such well is completed or not, then Ridgewood will be entitled to an Assignment of Chevron's operating rights, as set forth on Exhibit "A" as provided for herein, and c) Ridgewood complies with all of the terms of this PA. Within sixty (60) days of satisfying a) and c) or b) and c) of the above referenced events, Chevron will assign, without warranty of title, express or implied, to Ridgewood forty percent of eight-eighths (40% of 8/8ths) of Chevron's operating rights within the Contract Area, from the surface of the earth to the stratigraphic equivalent of the sub sea true vertical depth of 15,083' as seen in the Samedan Oil Corporation OCS-G 13982 Well No. 1 drilled in Viosca Knoll Block 252 and forty percent of twenty-five percent of eight-eighths (40% of 25% of 8/8ths) of Chevron's operating rights within the Contract Area, below the stratigraphic equivalent of the sub sea true vertical depth of 15,083' as seen in the Samedan Oil Corporation OCS-G 13982 Well No. I drilled in Viosca Knoll Block 252 down to 99,999 feet. Such interest is further subject to and burdened by all of the contracts, agreements and dedications recited herein and lessor's royalty and the overriding royalty interests as set out on Exhibit "A". If the Initial Well or Substitute Well fails to reach the Objective, but encounters, as mutually agreed, a zone(s) or formation(s) capable of producing in paying quantities, above the Objective, that is within the Contract Area, and the Parties mutually agree to cease further drilling operations prior to reaching the Objective, Ridgewood will thereafter be entitled to an Assignment of operating rights within the Contract Area for the interests above stated but. limited to the total depth drilled and logged plus 100 feet. 6. WARRANTY. The transfer of any interest in the Contract Area pursuant to this PA to Ridgewood shall be made by Chevron without express or implied warranty of any kind. Chevron shall grant and convey to Ridgewood full subrogation and substitution to all Chevron rights in warranty against the predecessors in interest of Chevron and its affiliates. Chevron shall provide Ridgewood full access to the Chevron files and records related to the Contract Area for independent review and analysis by Ridgewood. Such files and records are not warranted as complete or accurate but were maintained as business records upon which Chevron relies. 7. NO NEW LEASE BURDENS. Until Ridgewood earns an interest under this PA, or until the right to earn a portion of the Chevron interest in the Contract Area pursuant to this PA terminates, Ridgewood and Chevron (except as specified in Article 15) agree that they have not and will not create any additional lease burdens or dedications on the Contract Area. No mortgage or pledge or refinancing arrangement by Ridgewood before or after any such interest is earned or assigned is ever permitted without the prior written consent of Chevron, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. Such condition shall be made express in any Assignment of earned area made to Ridgewood. Ridgewood North Jaguar PA November 1, 2006 Page 4 8. TRANSFER SUBJECT TO APPLICABLE APPROVALS. In the event that the transfer of any interest in and to the Contract Area requires approval of the lessor or of any federal agency having jurisdiction, the obligation to obtain such pertinent approval shall be Ridgewood's, at its cost and risk. Chevron agrees to assist Ridgewood as necessary to help Ridgewood secure such approvals, including but not limited to the preparation of mutually agreeable assignments or conveyance instruments appropriate for fling and recordation purposes with the MMS and/or applicable parish records. 9. ACCOUNTING MATTERS. As to the Contract Area, all costs and expenses, which are accrued or incurred pursuant to this PA and under any transfer of interest in the Contract Area executed pursuant hereto, if any, shall be determined and accounted for in accordance with the Accounting Procedure, which is in Exhibit "C" of the OA, attached hereto as Exhibit "B". 10. SUBSTITUTE WELL. If the Initial Well is drilled and prior to reaching the Objective, Chevron encounters mechanical difficulties, gulf coast conditions or other conditions which render further drilling impractical, or if the Parties agree, per Article 5 above, to complete the Initial Well above but without reaching the Objective, then without limiting the Parties' rights pursuant to Article 5, then either of the Parties shall have the right to propose the drilling of another well to the Objective, hereinafter referred to as a "Substitute Well", at and to any legal location in the Contract Area, but such operations must commence within 120 days after the date the rig was released from the last operation on the Initial Well. If such well is proposed and Ridgewood participates and the Substitute Well is timely and properly commenced and drilled in compliance with all terms and conditions provided herein for the Initial Well, then such Substitute Well shall, in all respects (but, in any event, shall be subject to the Article 3 cumulative cost sharing limitation for the Initial Well and Substitute Well) be considered as if it was the Initial Well and any references in this PA to the Initial Well shall also include any Substitute Well. 11. SUBSEQUENT OPERATIONS. Should Ridgewood earn hereunder, where the Initial Well (or a Substitute Well therefore) is drilled to the Objective, as provided above and the Parties mutually agree to complete the Initial Well in the Objective, or should the Parties mutually agree, per Article 5 above, to complete the Initial Well above but without reaching the Objective, no Party shall hold the right to propose a well or any other drilling operations pursuant to the OA until after six (6) months of continuous production from any earning well or six months from the last production in paying quantities, should any earning well fail to provide six (6) months of continuous production, and any such permitted wells and operations shall be conducted in accordance with the OA. Should the Initial Well be a dry hole and should the Parties mutually agree, a subsequent well may be proposed by either party at any time but subject to the delay period and rights provisions in the PA. Ridgewood North Jaguar PA November 1, 2006 Page 5 Without limiting the express provisions of the Proposal for Development Operation Letter Agreement dated October 10, 2006, between Chevron U.S.A. Inc. and Coldren Resources, LP, the Parties further agree to limit and prohibit any drilling and/or development operations in the South Half of the South Half (S/2 of the S/2) of the Contract Area within or to the James Lime sand, as such sand was seen in that certain OCS-G 10930, Well No. A2 drilled and completed on Viosca Knoll Block 251, until the abandonment of such zone in such well or unless Coldren Resources, LP consents to such drilling and/or development operation. This restriction within the South Half of the South Half (S/2 of the S/2) of OCS G 13980 of the Contract Area is to provide protection from drainage and reserves and grants no rights to Coldren Resources, LP in any acreage earned by the Parties in the drilling of the Viosca Knoll Block 207 #2ST #2 well, other than to the retained overriding royalty interest, as set out in Exhibit "A", and any well information due Coldren Resources, LP as a result of their election not to participate and farmout their interest pursuant to and referenced in Article 15.C.3. Such condition shall be made express in any Assignment of earned area made to Ridgewood. 12. DESIGNATIONS. The Parties agree to execute the necessary designation of operator forms and any other forms required by the MMS or other regulatory authorities to carry out their operations and to make Chevron the operator under the PA, if required, and the OA, with any earning by Ridgewood. 13. OPERATING AGREEMENT. Before earning under the PA and any ratification or execution of the Exhibit "B" OA after earning under the PA, Ridgewood acknowledges the Chevron interest available to Ridgewood hereunder remains bound under this PA and the VK 252 Unit Operating Agreement. Should Chevron earn the rights and interest of Coldren Resources LP under the Proposal for Development Operation Letter Agreement dated October 10, 2006, between Chevron U.S.A. Inc. and Coldren Resources, LP and Ridgewood earn hereunder, Ridgewood shall formally execute or ratify the appropriate operating agreement, attached hereto as Exhibit "B", only as it pertains to the Contract Area and the Viosca Knoll 252 Unit Operating Agreement effective January 21, 1994 between Samedan Oil Corporation and Continental Land & Fur Co., Inc. for the proportionate rights not held or not made the subject of this PA, unless all rights holders, including Coldren Resources, LP, agree otherwise. Further, due to the varying ownership in the deep rights, the OA will be depth limited to only cover from the surface of the earth to the stratigraphic equivalent of the sub sea depth of 15,083' as seen in the Samedan Oil Corporation OCS-G 13982 Well No. 1 drilled in Viosca Knoll Block 252. Notwithstanding any other provision of this PA that might indicate to the contrary, if there is any conflict between any other provision of this PA and a provision of the OA, the other provisions of this PA shall prevail, as between the Parties. 14. TERM. This PA shall automatically terminate on May 8, 2007 and without liability or obligation, unless the Initial Well is timely commenced. Once and if a well has been drilled under which Ridgewood participates and earns and that entitles Ridgewood to an Assignment as provided above in Article 5, those PA rights and obligations surviving the earning and the OA shall remain in effect as to such Contract Area, so long as the lease Ridgewood North Jaguar PA November 1, 2006 Page 6 within the Contract Area remains in full force and effect or any obligations between the Parties remain unsatisfied. 15. REPRESENTATIONS. Chevron's business records reflect with respect to the Contract Area and North Jaguar Prospect that: A. The Contract Area is dedicated and committed to the following Contracts and Agreements 1) Gas Gathering Agreement effective June 14, 2000, between Williams Field Services-Gulf Coast Company, L.P. and Chevron U.S.A. Inc. 2) Gas Gathering and Processing Agreement effective March 1, 2000, between Chevron U.S.A. Production Company, Samedan Oil Company, Shell Offshore Inc., and Amoco Production Company for the Viosca Knoll 252 Unit, as amended. 3) VK 251 "A" Interconnect & Platform Use Agreement dated May 30, 2000, between Samedan Oil Corporation, Chevron U.S.A. Inc. and Williams. 4) Gas Gathering Agreement dated June 14, 2000. 5) Agreement for Capacity Release and Billing Agency dated August 9, 2000. 6) Natural Gas Processing Agreement Gulf of Mexico dated March 1, 2002, by and between Chevron U.S.A. Inc., Texaco Exploration and Production Inc., and Dynergy Midstream Services, Limited Partnership, as amended, as to depths from the surface through the James Lime formation. 7) Letter Agreement dated October 14, 2004, effective August 1, 2004, between Noble Energy, Inc. and Chevron, detailing Production Handling Agreement terms for the Viosca Knoll 252 Unit area. B. All required filings have been made with the applicable regulatory authorities and Chevron is not aware of any notices, pending or threatened violations of any applicable regulation. C. The Contract Area is subject to the following Contracts and Agreements: 1) Viosca Knoll 252 Unit Operating Agreement effective January 21, 1994 between Samedan Oil Corporation and Continental Land & Fur Co., Inc., as amended, until contracted, amended and/or terminated. 2) Viosca Knoll 252 Unit Agreement, bearing Contract No. 754394013 effective February 11, 1994 between Chevron U.S.A. Inc. and Samedan Oil Corporation, as amended, until contracted. 3) Proposal for Development Operation Letter Agreement dated October 10, 2006, between Chevron U.S.A. Inc. and Coldren Resources, LP. 4) Confidentiality & AMI Agreement dated September 9, 2006 between Chevron U.S.A. Inc. and Ridgewood Energy Corporation. 5) Offer to Participate Letter Agreement (LOI), dated October 17, 2006, as Parties agreed and accepted on October 19, 2006, between Ridgewood Energy Corporation and Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Ridgewood North Jaguar PA November 1, 2006 Page 7 6) Assignment of Operating Rights Interest, dated effective April 1, 1996 and bearing upon OCS-G 13980, between Continental Land & Fur Co., Inc. as Assignor and Samedan Oil Corporation and Chevron U.S.A. Inc. as Assignees. 7) Suspension of Production for Lease OCS-G 13980, by MMS approval letter dated November 7, 2006. 8) Right of Use and Easement for Lease OCS-G 10926 Viosca Knoll Block 206 (RUE #30012), by MMS approval letter dated November 9, 2006. D. Chevron represents, to the best of its knowledge, that with respect to that portion of the leases Chevron is contributing to the Contract Area that: 1) Chevron has paid rentals and has an approved SOP to maintain the lease in full force and effect. 2) Chevron is in material compliance with the terms and conditions of the lease. 3) The lease is not subject to any royalty, overriding royalty, net profits interest or other similar burden on production, except as referenced above, and the lessor's royalty. 4) There are no liens, mortgages, deeds of trust, judgments or other encumbrances of any kind or nature on the lease or Chevron's working interest in the lease. 5) There are no pending claims or litigation relative to the lease. 6) There are no preferential purchase rights, consents to assign or other restrictions on Chevron's ability to enter into this Agreement, other than those addressed in the Coldren Resources, LP letter agreement at 15.C 3. 7) There are no other owners of working interests in the lease included within the Contract Area with the exception of; a. Coldren Resources, LP.'s ownership rights as set out in the above referenced Article 15.C.3: and, b. Operating Rights owners of record at the MMS as to all depths below 15,083'. 16. INTEGRATED AGREEMENT. Except as provided in Article 18 below, this PA and the Exhibits attached hereto comprise the entire agreement between the Parties and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof, including the LOI, dated October 17, 2006, between the Parties. Except as provided in Article 18 below, in the event of any conflicts between the provisions of this PA and any other agreement, including any operating agreement or any agreement referenced herein as an exhibit or to be executed by the Parties hereafter, the provisions of this PA shall control, as between the Parties. 17. TAX PARTNERSHIP. The Parties understand and agree that the arrangement and undertakings evidenced by this PA, taken together, result in a partnership for purposes of Federal income taxation and for purposes of certain state income tax laws which incorporate or follow Federal income tax principles as to tax partnerships. Such partnership for tax purposes is hereinafter referred to as the "Tax Partnership". For every Ridgewood North Jaguar PA November 1, 2006 Page 8 other purpose of this PA, however, and notwithstanding any other provision of this PA, express or implied, to the contrary, the Parties understand and agree that their legal relationship to each other under applicable state law with respect to all property subject to this PA is one of tenants in common, or undivided interest owners, or lessee-sublessees, and not one of partnership; that the liabilities of the Parties shall be several and not joint or collective; and that each Party shall be solely responsible for its own obligations. The Tax Partnership shall be governed by Exhibit "F" of the attached Exhibit "B" OA. Except as provided in such Exhibit "F", the Parties agree not to elect to have the Tax Partnership excluded from the application of all or any part of Subchapter K of Chapter One of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), from any successor provisions thereto under the Code, or from any provisions of state income tax laws of substantially the same effect. 18. AREA OF MUTUAL INTEREST. Notwithstanding any other agreement to the contrary, and both prior to and after any Ridgewood earning of any interest in the Contract Area described herein in Article 1, the Confidentiality & AMI Agreement as referenced above in Article 15.C.4 shall survive and will control any AMI obligations between the Parties and the Parties further agree that the provisions of the referenced Confidentiality & AMI Agreement shall take precedence over the PA. 19. PRODUCTION HANDLING AGREEMENT. Within ten days following the commencement of the Initial Well, the Parties agree to enter into negotiations of a mutually acceptable Production Handling Agreement ("PHA"), if applicable, substantially in the form as set out in Exhibit "D". The Parties understand that should there be a need for any production handling arrangements that extend beyond any Contract Area facilities, which would be jointly owned by Chevron and Ridgewood, that the Parties will most likely utilize the jointly owned Chevron sixty percent (60%) and Coldren Resources, LP forty percent (40%) Viosca Knoll Block 251 "A" Facility, and while Chevron will attempt to gain Coldren's acceptance to Chevron's terms, Chevron cannot guarantee that Coldren's PHA terms will be the same as Chevron's PHA terms. 20. GOVERNING LAW. This PA shall be governed by and in accordance with the laws of the State of Alabama, without regard to any choice of law or rule thereof that would direct the application of the laws of any other jurisdiction. 21. INDIVIDUAL LIABILITY. The rights, duties, elections, obligations, and liabilities of the Parties shall be several and not joint or collective, and nothing contained herein is intended to create, nor shall it be construed as creating, a partnership of any kind (except the tax partnership specified in Article 17 above), joint venture, association, or other business entity recognizable by law for any purpose. The Parties shall be individually responsible only for their own obligations, except as herein described. Ridgewood North Jaguar PA November 1, 2006 Page 9 22. NOTICES. All notices required hereunder shall be in writing sent by certified mail or overnight mail delivery, or by facsimile telecommunications to the addresses set forth below, and shall be deemed effective when actually received by the addressee, as follows: Ridgewood Energy Corporation 11700 Old Katy Road, Suite 280 Houston TX 77079 Tel: (281)293-8449 Fax: (281)293-7705 Attn: Greg Tabor Executive Vice President Chevron U.S.A. Inc. 935 Gravier Street New Orleans, LA 70112 Tel: (504) 592-6356 Fax: (504) 592-7110 Attn: Gordon R. Cain Land Manager 23. COUNTERPART EXECUTION. This PA may be executed by signing the original or a counterpart thereof with the same force and legal effect as if all executions were on one single instrument. 24. SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. This PA shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective heirs, representatives, successors and assigns. Ridgewood shall not assign their interests in this PA or any rights earned hereunder without the prior written consent of Chevron, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. 25. INSURANCE. Ridgewood shall independently acquire or self-insure for the coverage and amounts as shown on Exhibit "B" OA and provide evidence of such coverage to Chevron prior to commencement of operations hereunder. Such coverage and limits shall not in any way limit any Ridgewood indemnity due Chevron. 26. INDEMNITY. A. Ridgewood agrees to protect, indemnify, and save Chevron, its parent, subsidiaries, affiliates, and/or successors and the directors, officers, employees or agents of each ("Chevron Company Group") free and harmless from all obligations, business dealings, liabilities, debts, charges, claims, damages, demands, costs (including attorneys' fees and court costs), penalties and causes of action arising directly or indirectly out of any dealing with third parties Ridgewood has with Ridgewood North Jaguar PA November 1, 2006 Page 10 regard to financing or the assignment of, in whole or in part, any rights under this PA and to relieve the Chevron Company Group from any and all liability (exclusive of business debts and charges) incurred as a result of such actions. The indemnities and covenants of this Article 26 shall be effective whether or not such obligations, business dealings, liabilities, debts, charges, claims, damages, demands, costs (including attorneys' fees and court costs), penalties and causes of action aforesaid are caused wholly or partly by negligence attributed to the Chevron Company Group, or by any other means, excepting those occurrences involving the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Chevron Company Group. B. Chevron agrees to protect, indemnify, and save Ridgewood, its parent, subsidiaries, affiliates, and/or successors and the directors, officers, employees or agents of each ("Ridgewood Company Group") free and harmless from all obligations, business dealings, liabilities, debts, charges, claims, damages, demands, costs (including attorneys' fees and court costs), penalties and causes of action arising directly or indirectly out of any dealing with third parties Chevron has with regard to financing or the assignment of, in whole or in part, any rights under this PA and to relieve the Ridgewood Company Group from any and all liability (exclusive of business debts and charges) incurred as a result of such actions. The indemnities and covenants of this Article 26 shall be effective whether or not such obligations, business dealings, liabilities, debts, charges, claims, damages, demands, costs (including attorneys' fees and court costs), penalties and causes of action aforesaid are caused wholly or partly by negligence attributed to the Ridgewood Company Group, or by any other means, excepting those occurrences involving the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Ridgewood Company Group. C. Chevron shall, as between the Parties, remain solely liable for all liabilities, costs and risks of any kind or nature arising out of its operations relating to the VK 252 Unit Agreement or the VK 252 Unit Operating Agreement that are not related to this PA and in which Ridgewood does not participate, including, but not limited to the plugging and abandonment and remediation of all existing wells, platforms and other facilities on said Unit and under said Unit Operating Agreement ("Chevron Retained Claims"). CHEVRON SHALL RELEASE, DEFEND, INDEMNIFY AND HOLD RIDGEWOOD COMPANY GROUP HARMLESS FROM AND AGAINST ANY AND ALL CLAIMS, CAUSES OF ACTION, LIABILITIES, DAMAGES (INCLUDING COURT COSTS AND ATTORNEYS' FEES) AND JUDGEMENTS ARISING OUT OF THE CHEVRON RETAINED CLAIMS. 27. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY. THIS PA IS MADE WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF TITLE. CHEVRON FURTHER DOES NOT WARRANT EITHER EXPRESS, STATUTORY OR IMPLIED, AS TO TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, Ridgewood North Jaguar PA November 1, 2006 Page 11 CONDITION, QUALITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS TO THE LEASE IN THE CONTRACT AREA, AND ALL OTHER PROPERTY COVERED BY THIS PA, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WELL BORES, EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES UTILIZED BY THE PARTIES HEREUNDER, OR ANY OTHER SORT OF WARRANTY AND IS WITHOUT RECOURSE AGAINST CHEVRON WHATSOEVER, EVEN AS TO THE RETURN OF CONSIDERATION. CHEVRON MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING RIDGEWOOD'S RIGHT OF INGRESS TO AND EGRESS FROM THE CHEVRON LEASE ACROSS ADJACENT OR ADJOINING LANDS. CHEVRON SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS, AND RIDGEWOOD EXPRESSLY WAIVES ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF TITLE WITH RESPECT TO THE LEASE IN THE CONTRACT AREA EXCEPT FOR THE ACTS BY, THROUGH AND UNDER CHEVRON, BUT NOT OTHERWISE. RIDGEWOOD ACKNOWLEDGES THAT THIS EXPRESS WAIVER SHALL BE CONSIDERED A MATERIAL AND INTEGRAL PART OF THIS PA AND PART OF THE CONSIDERATION GIVEN THEREFOR. RIDGEWOOD FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT THIS WAIVER HAS BEEN SPECIFICALLY BROUGHT TO RIDGEWOOD'S ATTENTION AND THAT RIDGEWOOD HAVE VOLUNTARILY AND KNOWINGLY CONSENTED TO THIS WAIVER. THE PARTIES AGREE THAT FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS WAIVER OF THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF TITLE, CHEVRON AND THEIR AFFILIATES SHALL BE CONSIDERED AS THE SELLER. RIDGEWOOD ACKNOWLEDGES THAT (i) IT IS A SOPHISTICATED INVESTOR AND OPERATOR IN THE OIL AND GAS BUSINESS; (ii) IT UNDERSTANDS THE RISKS INVOLVED IN OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT; AND (iii) IT UNDERSTANDS THAT UNDER ITS PARTICIPATION RIDGEWOOD ASSUMES ALL OF THE RISKS ATTENDANT TO THE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION OPERATIONS CONTEMPLATED UNDER Ridgewood North Jaguar PA November 1, 2006 Page 12 THIS PA AND THAT THE RIDGEWOOD INVESTMENT MADE HEREUNDER IN THOSE OPERATIONS CONDUCTED UNDER THIS PA IS FULLY AT RISK. Please indicate your agreement to the terms and conditions as set forth in this PA by executing two originals of this PA in the space provided and returning one executed original on or before November 22, 2006. AGREED TO AND ACCEPTED this 15th day of November, 2006 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. By: /s/ G. R. Cain -------------- G.R. Cain Assistant Secretary AGREED TO AND ACCEPTED this 20th day of November, 2006. Ridgewood Energy Corporation By: /s/ Greg Tabor --------------- Greg Tabor Title: Executive Vice President ------------------------ Ridgewood North Jaguar PA November 1, 2006 Page 13 EXHIBIT "A" ----------- North Jaguar Prospect --------------------- Attached to and made apart of that certain Participation Agreement dated the 1st day of November 2006, by and between Chevron U.S.A. Inc. and Ridgewood Energy Corporation OCS Block: Viosca Knoll Block 207 being 5,760 acres. - --------- Lease: OCS-G 13980 - ----- Chevron Leasehold Interest: - --------------------------- One Hundred Percent of eight eights (100% of 8/8ths) from the surface of the earth to the stratigraphic equivalent of the sub sea depth of 15,083' as seen in the Samedan Oil Corporation OCS-G 13982 Well No. 1 drilled in Viosca Knoll Block 252, further subject to rights and obligations as set out in the Proposal for Development Operation Letter Agreement dated October 10, 2006, between Chevron U.S.A. Inc. and Coldren Resources, LP. Twenty-five percent of eight eights (25% of 8/8ths) below the stratigraphic equivalent of the sub sea depth of 15,083' as seen in the Samedan Oil Corporation OCS-G 13982 Well No. 1 drilled in Viosca Knoll Block 252. Lease Burdens: - -------------- 1/6 of 8/8ths Lessor's royalty in all depths. 2% of 8/8ths overriding royalty in favor of Noble Energy, Inc., from the surface of the earth to the stratigraphic equivalent of the sub sea depth of 15,083' as seen in the Samedan Oil Corporation OCS-G 13982 Well No. 1 drilled in Viosca Knoll Block 252. 2% of 8/8ths overriding royalty in favor of Coldren Resources, LP from the surface of the earth to the stratigraphic equivalent of the sub sea depth of 15,083' as seen in the Samedan Oil Corporation OCS-G 13982 Well No. 1 drilled in Viosca Knoll Block 252. Chevron Interest Before Casing Point (BCP"): Thirty percent (30%) - ------------------------------------------- Ridgewood Interest BCP: Seventy Percent (70%) - ----------------------- o Ridgewood will have and bear the obligation of paying its disproportionate share of the Initial Well AFE Cost of sidetracking, drilling and logging up to Casing Point or until one hundred fifteen percent (115 %) of the associated AFE to drill the Initial Well, whichever occurs first, have been spent in the drilling of said Initial Well and/or any Substitute Well(s). Chevron Interest After Casing Point ("ACP"): Sixty percent (60 %) - ------------------------------------------- Ridgewood Interest ACP: Forty Percent (40 %) - ----------------------- Ridgewood North Jaguar PA Exhibit A BCP and ACP Interest: - --------------------- Both Chevron's and Ridgewood's BCP and ACP interest in the Initial Well are derived from Chevron's above referenced leasehold interest and only as it pertains to the depths from the surface of the earth down to the stratigraphic equivalent of the sub sea depth of 15,083' as seen in the Samedan Oil Corporation OCS-G 13982 Well No. 1 drilled in Viosca Knoll Block 252. Chevron's and Ridgewood's ACP Interest in the depths below the stratigraphic equivalent of the sub sea depth of 15,083' as seen in the Samedan Oil Corporation OCS-G 13982 Well No. 1 drilled in Viosca Knoll Block 252 will be proportionately reduced to reflect Chevron's twenty-five percent of eight eights (25% 8/8ths) ownership. Operator: Chevron U.S.A. Inc. - -------- Page 2 of 2 EX-10.2 6 ex10_2.txt EXHIBIT 10.2 PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT GARDEN BANKS BLOCKS 346 & 390 This Participation Agreement (the "Agreement") is made and entered into effective as of the 1st day of January, 2006, by and between Walter Oil & Gas Corporation ("Walter") and Ridgewood Energy Corporation, as manager of Ridgewood Energy S Fund LLC, ("Ridgewood") with all parties collectively referred to as "Parties", and individually referred to as "Party". RECITALS WHEREAS, Walter has entered into that certain farmout agreement dated effective November 7th 2005, ("Farmout Agreement") with Shell Offshore, Inc. ("Shell"), as Farmor, affecting all of Farmor's leasehold interest in Federal Leases OCS-G 23303 and OCS-G 23312 covering Garden Banks blocks 346 and 390, respectively, from the surface down to 22,350' TVD ("Leases"), WHEREAS, Walter desires to assign an undivided thirty percent interest in the Farmout Agreement to Ridgewood to jointly drill an "Initial Test Well" (as described in the Farmout Agreement), WHEREAS, Ridgewood desires to acquire an undivided thirty percent interest in the Farmout Agreement and participate in drilling the Initial Test Well, all in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the Parties agree as follows: SECTION I --------- Definitions 1.01 In addition to those terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, terms defined in the Farmout Agreement shall have the same meaning when used herein. SECTION II ---------- Assignment and Assumption of Rights 2.01 Upon obtaining Farmor's consent to assign if required under the Farmout Agreement, Walter shall be deemed to have assigned to Ridgewood an undivided thirty percent (30%) share of all of Walter's rights, benefits, duties, liabilities and obligations related to, arising out of, or in any way connected with the Farmout Agreement. Except as provided in Section 6.01, Walter represents that it has not transferred or encumbered the rights, interests or obligations transferred to Ridgewood hereunder. 2.02 Ridgewood does hereby accept the assignment described in the immediately preceding paragraph and agrees to assume and be liable for an undivided thirty percent (30%) share of all of Walter's rights, benefits, duties, liabilities, and obligations related to, arising under, or in any way connected with the Farmout Agreement, as fully and effectively as though Ridgewood was a signatory party thereto. SECTION III ----------- Operating Agreement 3.01 The parties agree that the controlling operating agreement shall be that certain operating agreement attached to the Farmout Agreement as Exhibit "D" ("JOA") covering the Leases and naming Walter as operator of the Leases. Contemporaneous with the execution of this Agreement, Ridgewood agrees to adopt - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 and ratify the JOA and shall become a signatory party thereto. All operations on the Initial Test Well and any and all subsequent operations on the Leases shall be conducted in accordance with the terms and provisions of the JOA. With respect to Ridgewood and Walter, if there are any conflicts between this Agreement and the JOA, the terms and provisions of this Agreement shall prevail and govern. SECTION IV ---------- Initial Test Well 4.01 Subject to receipt of all necessary regulatory permits and approvals, the Parties agree to commence drilling operations for the Initial Test Well on the Leases on or before March 31St, 2006. The Initial Test Well shall be located and drilled to a proposed total depth as identified in the AFE attached hereto as Exhibit "A," which AFE shall be deemed ratified and approved by the parties hereto concurrent with their execution of this Agreement. As consideration for the opportunity to earn a Thirty Percent (30%) working interest in the Farmout Agreement and Leases, Ridgewood shall bear Sixty Percent (60%) of the costs to drill the Initial Test Well to casing point and through plugging and abandonment, if the Initial Test Well is not saved for production. This disproportionate cost sharing obligation shall be referred to as the "Promote." The Promote will be applicable to the dry hole costs of the Initial Test Well and will be limited to, 115% of the Initial Test Well's estimated dry hole cost as noted in the attached AFE, or reaching actual casing point, whichever is less. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Promote will apply to the plugging and abandonment of the Initial Test Well or its substitute subject to the cap of 115% as noted herein. The Promote will also apply to any substitute well or sidetrack of the Initial Test Well until Walter has received 115% of the original AFE dry hole costs. After the Promote has, been satisfied, Ridgewood shall bear thirty percent (30%) of the costs and expenses associated with the Initial Test Well, or any substitute well. 4.02 Walter represents that it has contracted the Ocean Lexington drilling rig at a day rate of $60,000.00 to drill the Initial Test Well and acknowledges that Ridgewood's willingness to pay the Promote is based, in part, upon this representation. 4.03 Subject to reduction in accordance with Shell's reversionary rights, it is understood and agreed that Energy Resources Technology, Inc. will participate in the Initial Test Well to earn a 20% working interest in the Farmout Agreement, Leases and Initial Test Well. 4.04 For clarification purposes only, there shall be no penalty(ies) assessable to either party hereto for failure of the Initial Test Well to be spudded on or before March 31St, 2006. SECTION V --------- Assignment of Operating Rights 5.01 Upon the earning of interests under the Farmout Agreement, Walter shall request the Farmor assign the earned interest directly into Walter and Ridgewood in their respective working interest shares. However, if the Farmor assigns 100% of the earned interest directly into Walter where Ridgewood is entitled to its working interest share, then the parties shall within 10 business days of Farmor having assigned to Walter, execute an assignment evidencing Ridgewood's proportionate ownership share of the earned interest. SECTION VI ---------- Burdens 6.01 Walter and Ridgewood shall each bear their respective working interest share of (i) the lease royalty, (ii) the overriding royalty interest or the 25% back-in and $2,000,000.00 credit, whichever is applicable, retained by Farmor pursuant to the terms of the Farmout Agreement and (iii) an overriding royalty interest to be retained by Walter ("Staff ORR") equal to 1 % of 8/8ths. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 SECTION VII ----------- Notices 7.01 All notices, requests or demands to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing and governed and directed to the representatives as specified below: Ridgewood Energy Corporation Walter Oil & Gas Corporation 11700 Old Katy Rd., Suite 280 1100 Louisiana Street, Suite 200 Houston, Texas 77079 Houston, TX 77002 Attn: Mr. W. Greg Tabor Attn: Mr. Ron Wilson Phone: 281-293-8449 Phone: 713-659-1221 Fax: 281-293-7705 Fax: 713-756-1177 SECTION VIII ------------ Internal Revenue Provision 8.01 It is not the purpose or intention of this Agreement to create any partnership, mining partnership or association, and neither this Agreement nor the operations hereunder shall be construed as creating any such legal relationship; however, solely for income tax purposes only, the parties agree that this Agreement shall be governed in accordance with Article 20 ("Taxes") of the JOA. SECTION IX ---------- Term 9.01 This Agreement shall remain in effect for a term corresponding to the term of the JOA. SECTION X --------- Miscellaneous 10.01 This Agreement, together with all of its exhibits, is intended by the Parties to be a complete and final statement of the agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes any prior oral or written statements or agreements. 10.02 Subject to all matters hereof, this Agreement shall be binding upon the Parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. 10.03 This Agreement maybe executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be valid and binding with respect to the signatories thereto, but only upon the execution by all signatories of this Agreement or a counterpart hereof. 10.04 This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Texas except where the Maritime Laws of the United States of America are applicable. In the event that any dispute results in formal legal action, venue shall be appropriate in the federal or state courts of Harris County, Texas. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 10.05 In the event of a breach of this Agreement by any party hereto, the non-breaching party shall be entitled to all remedies available at law or equity, including but not limited to, specific performance, monetary damages and injunctive relief. 10.06 Walter shall provide Ridgewood with full and complete access to Walter's files, records and data, so that Ridgewood may perform its due diligence review of Walter's acquisition, ownership and obligations associated with the Leases. Additionally, Walter shall provide Ridgewood with access to its technical data associated with the Leases, including seismic, maps, well data and geological data, subject however, to all confidentiality and data licensing restrictions. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed effective as of the date first set forth above. WITNESSES: WALTER OIL & GAS CORPORATION /s/ Melissa Coronado By: /s/ Ron Wilson - ------------------------- -------------------------- Melissa Coronado Ron Wilson Vice President WITNESSES: RIDGEWOOD ENERGY CORPORATION, as Manager of Ridgewood Energy S Fund LLC /s/ Donna Ermis - ------------------------- By: /s/ W. Greg Tabor -------------------------- /s/ Randy Bennett W. Greg Tabor - ------------------------- Executive Vice President - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 [LOGO OMITTED] WALTER OIL & GAS CORPORATION 1100 LOUISIANA, SUITE 200 HOUSTON, TX 77002-5299 AUTHORITY FOR EXPENDITURE AFE NO PROPERTY NO TOTAL AFE AMOUNT TYPE OF AFB E0560 T022301001 $21,485,600 Drilling EXPLORATORY ________ DEVELOPMENT ________ OTHER (Describe)_________ PROSPECT/FIELD NAME Garden Banks 346 (390) LEASE/WELL NO. OCS-G23303 Well No.1 ------------------------ -------------------- PROPOSED T.V.D 22,000' M.D. 23,620' ------------------------ -------------------- COUNTY/PAR1SH Offshore STATE Texas ------------------------ -------------------- LOCATION ------------------------------------------------------------- DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE PERFORMED Cost to drill a 32 degree directional hole. -------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- WORKING INTEREST OWNER PERCENT WORKING INTEREST W.I.OWNER SHARE - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TOTAL 0.00000% $0.00 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prepared by: /s/ Randy Reese Randy Reese Date 26 January 2006 ---------------------------------- --------------- Review by: /s/ C. J. Locke C. J. Locke Date 26 January 2006 ---------------------------------- --------------- Approved by: J. C. Walter III President Date ---------------------------------- --------------- JOINT INTEREST APPROVAL This expenditure is approved including the well control insurance coverage provided by Walter Oil & Gas Corporation Company proved by Date ------------------------ ------------------- ------- This expenditure is approved excluding the well control insurance coverage offered by Walter Oil & Gas Corporation. Proof of insurance coverage for our company is attached. Company RIDGEWOOD ENERGY CORPORATION Approved by /s/ W G Tabor Date 2/16/06 ------------------------ --------------- ------- WALTER OIL AND GAS CORPORATION Drilling AFE Cost Estimate Field Name: Garden Banks 346 (390) OCS-G23303 Well No. I Prop. No. 7022301001 AFE No. E0560 Project Description: TVD 22,000' Cost to drill a 32 degree directional hole. MD 23,620' Exploratory: ______ Other: Development: ______
INTANGIBLE DRILLING COSTS - (BCP) $ ESTIMATED $ ACTUAL 101 Surveys & Permits 10,000 102 Legal Fees 0 103 Location & Road Construction 0 105 Surface Damages & Restoration 0 110 Drilling Rig - Mobilization 650,000 111 Drilling Rig - Demobilization 650,000 112 Rig Cost - Footage FT @ $/FT 0 113 Rig Cost - Daywork 92 Days @ $60,000 $/Day 5,520,000 114 Bits 170,000 115 Fuel, Power & Water 92 Days @ $12,000 $/Day 1,104,000 117 Fishing Tools & Services 0 118 Directional Tools & Services 800,000 120 Dock Services 92 Days @ $800 $/Day 73,600 121 Rental - Downhole 60,000 124 Rental - Surface Equipment 60,000 129 Inspection & Testing - Specify 0 131 Mud & Chemicals 2,500,000 138 Waste Water Disposal/Vacuum Trucks 60,000 139 Contract Labor 30,000 140 Transportation - Land 70,000 141 Transportation -Aircraft 45,000 142 Transportation - Boats 92 Days@ $25,000 /day 2,300,000 146 Cement & Services 250,000 148 Casing Crews & Equipment 65,000 151 Cores & Core Analysis 0 152 Logging 320,000 153 Mudlogging 0 154 Testing - DSTs & RFTs 0 155 Mud Consultant 150,000 158 Divers & Equipment 90,000 160 Geological Supervision 0 161 Drilling Supervision 180,000 162 Camp Expenses &I Supplies 35,000 163 Communications - Telephone & Radio 35,000 164 Insurance & Bonds 90,000 168 Drilling Overhead (COPAS) 90,000 169 Miscellaneous Expenses 135,000 170 P&A - Cement & Services 75,000 171 P&A - Other Costs 500,000 175 Dryhole Contributions 0 179 Contingency $2,431,000 194 Company Labor & Expenses 90,000 TOTAL INTANGIBLE DRILLING COSTS $18,638,600 TANGIBLE DRILLING COSTS - (BCP) $ ESTIMATED $ ACTUAL 235 Drive Pipe 250 of 36 "@ $275/ft 68,750 240 Conductor Casing 1,400 of 22 "@ $120/ft 168,000 241 Surface Casing 3,400 of 18 5/8 "@ $100/ft 340,000 242 Intermediate Csng 8,000 of 13 5/8 "@ $85/ft 680,000 243 Liner 14000 of 9 5/8 "@ 60/ft 840,000 246 Bradenhead & Casing Spools - 248 Mudline Suspension System + Subsea Wellheads 650,000 249 Other Equipment 100,000 TOTAL TANGIBLE DRILLING COST - (BCP) $2,847,000 TOTAL DRILLING TO CASING POINT $21,485,600 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prepared by: /s/ Randy Reese Randy Reese Date 26-Jan-06 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reviewed by: /s/ C. J. Looke C. J. Looke Date 26-Jan-06
[LOGO OMITTED] Ridgewood Energy February 16, 2006 Walter Oil & Gas Corporation Attn: Mr. Chad Elias 1100 Louisiana, Suite 200 Houston, TX 77002 SUBJECT: Participation Agreement Garden Banks Blocks 346 & 390 Dear Mr. Elias: Attached please find one (1) original Participation Agreement effective January 1, 2006, by and between Walter Oil and Gas Corporation and Ridgewood Energy Corporation covering subject blocks. This document has been executed by W. Greg Tabor on behalf of Ridgewood Energy. Should you have any questions or need addition information, please contact me at 281.293.9464. Sincerely, /s/ Donna Ermis Donna Ermis Office Manager Ridgewood Energy 11700 Old Katy Road, Suite 280, Houston, TX 77079 (T) 281.293.9464 (F) 281.293.7391 www.ridgewoodenergy.com
EX-10.3 7 ex10_3.txt Exhibit 10.3 PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT Portion of Main Pass Block 275 This Participation Agreement ("Agreement") is made and entered into effective as of the 13th day of December, 2006 (the "Effective Date"), by and between Newfield Exploration Company ("Newfield") and Ridgewood Energy Corporation ("Ridgewood"). Newfield and Ridgewood are also sometimes hereinafter referred to collectively as the "Parties" or individually as a "Party". WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, Apache Corporation ("Apache"), (referred to as the "MP 275 Owner") owns one hundred percent (100%) operating rights interest in the following described portion of oil and gas lease and area, hereinafter referred to as the "Contract Area": Oil and Gas Lease dated September 1, 1995, bearing serial number OCS-G 15395, by and between the United States of America, acting through the Director, Bureau of Land Management, as Lessor, and Vastar Resources, Inc., as Lessee, covering all of Block 275, Main Pass Area, South and East Addition, INSOFAR AND ONLY INSOFAR AS said lease covers the SW/4 and further limited to those depths from the surface down to 11,400' TVD or the stratigraphic equivalent depth of the top of the 11,100' sand as seen at 11,051' TVD in OCS-G 15395 A-2 well, whichever is shallower, and further limited to the area situated Southward of the Northwest-Southeast Fault, immediately south and separate from the A-1 ST well and Northwest of the A-2 well. WHEREAS, Newfield and the Apache entered into that certain Option Agreement, dated September 21, 2005 ("Option Agreement"), which provided the Apache the option to either (i) participate with Newfield in drilling a test well on the Contract Area or (ii) farmout the Contract Area to Newfield. WHEREAS, pursuant to the Option Agreement, Apache elected to farmout the Contract Area to Newfield, and Newfield has entered into a formal farmout agreement with Apache dated effective July 7, 2006 ("Farmout Agreement") covering the Contract Area, which will provide that Apache shall reserve an overriding royalty interest ("ORRI") of 8.3333% of 6/6ths, but proportionately in the event that Apache owns less than one hundred percent (100%) of the record title and/or operating rights in the Contract Area which Newfield may earn. A copy of the Farmout Agreement is attached hereto as Exhibit "A"; WHEREAS, Ridgewood agrees to bear its proportionate share of drilling costs associated with the Initial Test Well (defined in Paragraph 3.1 hereinbelow) in order to earn an interest in the Contract Area, pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Farmout Agreement. WHEREAS, the Parties desire to enter into this Agreement to set forth the manner in which the cost of drilling, producing and operating wells, and the production from the Contract Area and interest in the Contract Area shall be shared and/or owned. NOW, THEREFORE, for the consideration, being the mutual benefits and advantages accruing hereunder, the sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows: Article 1 - Interest of the Parties ----------------------------------- The costs, risk and liabilities associated with the exploration and development of the Contract Area (including all wells, platforms, pipelines, facilities and equipment associated directly with the specified operations herein) and all oil and gas produced from wells drilled pursuant to the terms hereof, shall be borne and owned, subject to the terms and conditions set out herein and in the Option Agreement and the Farmout Agreement, and unless otherwise agreed, by the Parties in accordance with the following percentage working interests ("Working Interests"): Party Working Interests ----- ----------------- Newfield 50.000% Ridgewood 50.000% * Subject to an obligation to pay a disproportionate share of Initial Test Well costs, as further described in Article 3. Article 2 - Operating Agreement ------------------------------- 2.1 Newfield is designated as the Operator of the Contract Area, and all operations conducted on the Contract Area shall be performed in accordance with and shall be subject to the terms and provisions of this Agreement, the Farmout Agreement and the Operating Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit "B" ("Operating Agreement"). The Parties shall execute the Operating Agreement simultaneously with this Agreement. 2.2 Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the non-consent penalties set forth in Article XII of the Operating Agreement shall not be applicable to drilling operations on the Initial Test Well, or substitute therefor, prior to the Parties drilling an Earning Well (as hereinafter defined). Article 3 - Initial Test Well ----------------------------- 3.1 On or before January 1, 2007, Newfield shall commence actual drilling operations for the Main Pass 275 (OCS-G-15395) No. 3 Well at an approximate surface location of 2,474 FSL and 5,656 FWL of Main Pass 275 and bottom-hole location of 2,977' FSL and 5,320' FWL of Main Pass 275, ("Initial Test Well"). The Initial Test Well shall be drilled to an approximate depth of 11,200' TVD, or a depth sufficient to test the 10,800' sand, whichever depth is shallower ("Contract Depth"). 3.2 As additional consideration for the opportunity to earn its Working Interest in the Contract Area, the Parties will pay the following percentages of the costs to drill the Initial Test Well to Casing Point (as described in Article 3.3 below): Newfield 33.3333% Ridgewood 66.6667% The dry hole cost for the Initial Test Well is estimated to be $9,454,931.00 ("Dry Hole Cost") as outlined in the drilling authorization for expenditure ("AFE") for the Initial Test Well attached hereto as Exhibit "C". By its execution of this Agreement, Ridgewood has approved the AFE. Ridgewood's disproportionate cost sharing will cease once cumulative costs and expenses for the Initial Test Well, and if drilled, the substitute well therefore, exceeds 115% of the actual Dry Hole Cost being $10,873,170, or the well reaches Casing Point, whichever is less. Thereafter Newfield will bear its 50% and Ridgewood will bear its 50% share of subsequent costs, subject to the non-consent rights set out in the Operating Agreement. 3.3 Casing Point is defined as that point in time when the Initial Test Well, or substitute well therefor, has been drilled to the Contract Depth, appropriate tests have been performed and a recommendation is made to (i) set casing and complete the well, (ii) plug and abandon the well or (iii) conduct other operations as provided within the priority of operations outlined within the Operating Agreement. 3.4 If the Initial Test Well is either, i) unable to reach the Contract Depth due to encountering domal material, heaving shale, saltwater, salt or other impenetrable substance, or suffers any adverse condition (mechanical, structural, stratigraphic or otherwise) in drilling said well, which substance or condition cannot be overcome at a reasonable cost by means considered customary or ordinary in the industry; or, ii) plugged and abandoned as a dry hole, then any Party shall have the right to propose a substitute well in the same manner as provided for hereinabove. Each Party shall have the option, but not the obligation, to participate in such substitute well; however, if a Party elects not to participate in a substitute well, it shall forfeit its rights under this Agreement, and in the Farmout Agreement. If actual drilling operations are commenced on the substitute well within ninety (90) days from the date of rig release of the Initial Test Well, then said well shall be considered the Initial Test Well for purposes of this Agreement. Article 4 - Assignment and Assumption of Rights ----------------------------------------------- 4.1 Newfield shall obtain Apache's written consent to assignment, by Newfield to Ridgewood, of a 50.000% interest in the rights, duties and obligations conferred by the Farmout Agreement. 4.2 Upon Ridgewood's participation pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth herein and in the Farmout Agreement, and upon the Party drilling an Earning Well (as defined in the Farmout Agreement) and satisfying the Earning Requirements defined and set out in the Farmout Agreement, the Party who participated in the Earning Well, and the full satisfaction of the Earning Requirements, shall receive from Apache, an assignment of Apache's Working Interest share of the operating rights interest in the Contract Area, from the surface down to the base of the deepest productive interval in said well and its stratigraphic equivalent, plus one hundred (100) feet. 4.3 The interests assigned to the Party pursuant hereto shall be subject only to the federal 1/6th royalty (subject to any applicable royalty relief granted by the Minerals Management Service), the Apache ORRI, shall be free and clear of any other overriding royalty interest, production payments, or other burdens on production. The Farmout Agreement provides that Apache's assignment of interest in the Contract Area shall contain a special warranty of title whereby Apache shall warrant title to the assigned interest by, through, or under Apache, but not otherwise. Article 5 - Ownership of Production ----------------------------------- Production from each well drilled on the Contract Area will be owned pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, the Farmout Agreement and the Operating Agreement. Article 6 - Insurance --------------------- In connection with any drilling and/or production operations on the Contract Area, the Operator shall carry the type and amount of insurance required by the Farmout Agreement and the Operating Agreement. No other insurance shall be required of the Operator hereunder. Article 7 - Confidentiality --------------------------- Except for required disclosures as provided in the Operating Agreement, or the Farmout Agreement, no Party shall release any geological, geophysical, or reservoir information or any logs or other information pertaining to the progress, tests, or results of any well drilled pursuant to this Agreement. Article 8 - Conflicts --------------------- Unless provided for otherwise in this Agreement, in the event of any conflict between the terms and conditions as set forth herein and the terms and conditions set forth in the Farmout Agreement, the terms and conditions set forth in the Farmout Agreement shall control. In the event of any conflict between the terms and conditions as set forth herein and the terms and conditions set forth in the Operating Agreement, the terms and condition set forth herein shall control. Article 9 - Notices ------------------- All notices, requests or demands to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given (i) three (3) business days after being sent by registered mail or certified mail, postage prepaid, or (ii) on the day sent, if hand delivered or sent by facsimile, with receipt confirmed and verbal confirmation, in each case addressed as follows or to such other address as may have been furnished in writing to the other Parties hereto in accordance herewith: If to Newfield: -------------- Newfield Exploration Company 363 N. Sam Houston Pkwy. E., Suite 2020 Houston, Texas 77060 Attention: Ms. Christina Linscomb Office Phone: (281) 847-6074 Fax Number: (281) 405-4207 If to Ridgewood: ----------------- Ridgewood Energy Corporation 11700 Old Katy Road, Suite 280 Houston, Texas 77079 Attn: Mr. Greg Tabor Office Phone: (281) 293-8449 Fax Number: .(281) 293-7705 Article 10 - Topical Headings ----------------------------- Topical headings appearing at the top of each numbered article have been inserted for convenience only and are to be given no force or affect whatsoever in the interpretation of this Agreement. Article 11 - Successors and Assigns ----------------------------------- This Agreement shall be binding upon each Party and their successors and assigns. An assignment by a Party of any lands affected by this Agreement shall be made expressly subject to, and the assignee shall expressly agree to assume and comply with, the terms and provisions of this Agreement, the Farmout Agreement and the Operating Agreement. Article 12 - Counterpart Execution ---------------------------------- This Agreement may be executed by signing the original or a counterpart thereof. If this Agreement is executed in counterparts, all counterparts taken together shall have the same effect as if all the Parties had signed the same instrument. However, this Agreement shall not be effective as to any Party, until it has been executed by all Parties. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this instrument is executed by each of the Parties on the dates noted below, but shall be effective as of the Effective Date hereinabove first written. WITNESSES: NEWFIELD EXPLORATION COMPANY /s/ Rachelle Taylor By: /s/ W.M. Blumenshine - --------------------- ------------------------ Name: W.M. Blumenshine /s/ Rhonda Vaughn Title: Attorney-in-Fact - --------------------- WITNESSES: RIDGEWOOD ENERGY CORPORATION /s/ Randy Bennett By: /s/ W. Greg Tabor - --------------------- ------------------------ Name: W Greg Tabor /s/ Harvey Dupry Title: Executive Vice President - --------------------- EXHIBIT "A" [NEWFIELD LOGO] December 19, 2006 Christina Barker Linscomb Landmark Apache Corporation 2000 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 100 Houston, TX 77056 Attn. Mr. Darrell Donaldson Re: Farmout Agreement Main Pass Block 275; OCS-G 15395 Federal Offshore Louisiana Gentlemen: The Farmout Agreement dated July 7, 2006, between Newfield Exploration Company and Apache Corporation provides that subject to rig availability, weather conditions and acquiring all necessary permits, Newfield shal1 commence the drilling of the OCS-G 15395 No. A-3 Well ("Initial Test Well") on the Lease on or before January 1, 2007. The Ocean Summit has been contracted to drill the Initial Test Well and is currently under tow to the Main Pass Area, but has been delayed by weather. Due to the delay of the Ocean Summit, Newfield respectfully requests an extension to commence drilling the Initial Test Well until January 30, 2006. If you an in agreement to extend the commencement date of the Initial Test Well, please indicate your approval by executing in the space below and returning one copy to the undersigned at your earliest convenience. Sincerely, /s/ Chris Linscomb Christina B. Linscomb AGREED TO ON THIS 21ST DAY OF DECEMBER, 2006. APACHE CORPORATION By: /s/ C.R. Harden Name: C.R. Harden Title: Land Manager, Gulf Coast Region Newfield Exploration Company 363 N. Sam Houston Pkwy E Suite 2020 Houston, Texas 77060 (281) 647-6074 Fax (281) 405-4207 EXHIBIT "A" Attached to and made a part of that certain Participation Agreement dated December 13, 2006 by and between Newfield Exploration Company and Ridgewood Energy Corporation FARMOUT AGREEMENT MAIN PASS AREA, BLOCK 275 OFFSHORE LOUISIANA This Farmout Agreement ("Agreement") is entered into the 7th day of July, 2006 (the "Effective Date"), between Apache Corporation ("Farmor") and Newfield Exploration Company ("Farmee"). Farmor and Farmee and their respective successors and assignees (if any) may sometimes individually be referred to as "Party" and collectively as the "Parties". This Agreement is entered into by the parties hereto pursuant to that certain Option Agreement executed by Farmor and Farmee and dated September 21, 2005. WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, Farmor is the owner of OCS-15395, dated effective September 1, 1995, between the United States of America, acting through the Director, Bureau of Land Management, as LESSOR, and Vastar Resources, Inc., as LESSEE, covering and affecting lands described as all of Block 275, Main Pass Area, containing 4994.55 acres, more or less (the "Lease"); and WHEREAS, Farmor is willing to assign and transfer to Farmee the right to acquire one hundred percent (100%) of Farmor's interests in the Lease limited to the Southwest Quarter (SW/4), INSOFAR AND ONLY INSOFAR as the lease covers depths from the surface down to 11,400' TVD or the stratigraphic equivalent depth of the top of the 11,100' sand as seen at 11,051' TVD in the Vastar Resources, Inc.'s OCS-G 15395 A-2 Well, whichever is shallower, and further limited to the area situated Southward of the Northwest-Southeast Fault, immediately south and separate from the.A-1 ST well, and northwest of the A-2 well ("Contract Area"), in accordance with the terms set forth herein and Farmee wishes to acquire such interest; and WHEREAS, Farmee represents and warrants to Farmor that Farmee is duly qualified with the United States Minerals Management Service ("MMS") to do business in the Outer Continental Shelf, Gulf of Mexico; and WHEREAS, this Agreement implements an election by Farmor, pursuant to that certain Option Agreement dated September 21, 2005, between the Parties, to farmout its interest in the Contract Area and not to participate in Farmee's proposed OCS-G 15395 Well No. A-3. NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants and obligations set out below and to be performed, the Parties agree as follows: 1 I. INITIAL TEST WELL ----------------- A. Subject to rig availability, weather conditions and acquiring all necessary permits, Farmee will commence or cause to be commenced the drilling of the OCS-G 15395 Well No. A-3 ("Initial Test Well") on or before January 1, 2007, from the MP 275 A Platform at a surface location of 2,474' FSL and 5,656' FWL of Main Pass Block 275. The well will be drilled in accordance with Farmee's AFE No. 10400 and to a proposed depth of 11, 200' TVD or to a depth sufficient to test the 10,800' sand, whichever is lesser, with a BHL location of approximately 2,977' FSL and 5,320' FWL of Main Pass Block 275 ("Objective Depth"). B. Farmee shall not commence operations under this Agreement until Farmor has received a fully executed copy of this Agreement, Farmee has been designated as Operator for conducting operations under this Agreement and Farmee has acquired all the necessary permits. C. The Initial Test Well, Subsequent well(s) or any Substitute Well (defined in Section II below) drilled under the terms of this Agreement, shall be drilled free of any cost and/or liability of any kind or character to Farmor, and all risk, liability, costs or expenses incurred in connection with drilling, testing, completing, operating and associated tie-in of said well(s) and/or plugging or abandoning said well(s) shall be borne solely by Farmee. D. Notwithstanding anything as stated in this Agreement above, Farmee shall have the right, but shall not be obligated to drill or commence drilling the Initial Test Well of any other well under the terms of this Agreement. If Farmee fails to timely commence drilling the Initial Test Well, Farmee will suffer no penalty other than the forfeiture of all rights under this Agreement. II. SUBSTITUTE WELL AND SUBSEQUENT WELL(S) -------------------------------------- A. If, during the drilling of the Initial Test Well or a Substitute Well (as defined in this paragraph), Farmee encounters impenetrable substances or conditions, including loss of the hole due to mechanical difficulties, which in the opinion of a reasonably prudent Operator under the same or similar conditions would render further drilling impractical or hazardous, and such condition prevents further drilling of the well, Farmee may commence another well ("Substitute Well"), provided actual drilling of this Substitute Well is commenced within one hundred and twenty (120) days after release of the drilling rig and is drilled pursuant to all the terms and provisions of this Agreement applicable to the well for which it is substituted. B. If the Initial Test Well or any Substitute Well therefore reaches Objective Depth but does not qualify as an Earning Well as described in Section III below, Farmee shall have the continuing right to drill a further additional well ("Subsequent Well") on the Contract Area provided that each such Subsequent Well shall be subject to all the terms and provisions of this Agreement, and further provided that Farmee commences actual drilling operations on such Subsequent Well within one hundred and eighty (180) days from the release of the drilling rig used for the prior well. C. After drilling the Earning Well, Farmee shall have the right, but not the obligation, to drill additional wells (an "Additional Well") within the Contract Area, provided that Farmee commences drilling operations on such well or wells within one hundred and eighty (180) days of completion or plugging of the last well drilled, to earn deeper depths if the Earning Well was not drilled to Deepest Earning Depth (defined in Section II below). 2 III. INTEREST EARNED --------------- A. Should Farmee drill the Initial Test Well or a Subsequent Well (or a Substitute Well for either the Initial Test Well or a Subsequent Well) to the Objective Depth, comply with the terms of this Agreement, and the well meets the criteria of a well capable of commercial production as provided under 30 CFR 250.115 or 30 CFR.250 116 (or if not meeting these qualification requirements the Farmee nevertheless completes and equips said well for the production) and Farmee commences actual production within one (1) year of release of the drilling rig, then said well shall be deemed the "Earning Well" and Farmor shall execute and deliver to Farmee an assignment in the operating rights to the Contract Area. The Assignment shall: 1. be prepared by Farmor and delivered to Farmee within sixty (60) days of a well being deemed and Earning Well, with the effective date of the assignment being the date that the well is deemed an Earning Well; 2. be without warranty of title, statutory, express or implied, other than a limited warranty by, through and under Farmor, and subject only to the MMS reserved royalty interest, and the ORRI, as hereinafter defined, reserved by Farmor as provided in Section III.A.6 below and any overriding royalty interest of other burdens affecting the Contract Area and filed of record as of April 28, 2005; 3. be subject to the approval of the authorized officer of the MMS; 4. convey to Farmee all of Farmor's interest in and to the operating rights in the Contract Area, from the surface to the stratigraphic equivalent of the total depth drilled in the Earning Well plus one-hundred feet (100'), (the "Assigned Premises"). Notwithstanding the above, in no event shall Farmee earn an interest in depths below the depth of 11,400' TVD or the stratigraphic equivalent depth of the top of the 11,100' sand as seen at 11,051' TVD in the Vastar Resources, Inc.'s OCS-G 15395 A-2 Well, whichever is shallower (the "Deepest Earning Depth"); 5. reserve to Farmor all rights to drill through the Assigned Premises in order to explore, develop and/or operate all rights owned by Farmor below the Assigned Premises or on lands pooled, or to be pooled, unitized or communitized therewith; and 6. reserve to Farmor an overriding royalty interest ("ORRI") in the Assigned Premises, including the Earning Well, of eight and one-third percent (8.33333%) of al liquid and/or gaseous hydrocarbon substances produced and/or saved, either through testing or production within the Assigned Premises. B. Farmor's ORRI shall be computed in the same manner and paid at the same time as the Lessor's royalty under the Lease and shall be free and clear of al royalty (other than MMS royalty), overriding royalty, and other burdens associated with production and all costs and expenses of drilling and production, except that the ORRI shall be charged with and bear its proportionate part of ad valorem, production, severance; excise and other similar taxes on production. In the event the interest owned by Farmor in the Assigned Premises is less than a full leasehold interest, then the ORRI retained by Farmor and the interest earned by Farmee shall be proportionately reduced. 3 C. Farmee shall not earn an interest in nor assume any additional liability associated with any well, platform, facility, or pipeline currently located on the Lease or within the Contract Area, except as may be provided in Sections IV or VI of this Agreement or under any production handling agreement or platform sublease agreement to be entered into pursuant to this Agreement. Except as provided Sections IV and VI of this Agreement or under any production handling agreement or platform sublease agreement to be entered into pursuant to this Agreement, Apache shall retain one hundred percent (100%) of its rights, liabilities and interests in any such well, platform, facility or pipeline(s) currently located on the Lease or within the Contract Area as of the date hereof, including, but not limited to, the obligation to abandon same. D. The purpose of this paragraph is to set out the conditions under which Farmee may produce oil and/or gas production from the Contract Area. 1. Exhibit "C" attached hereto sets forth each of the producing reservoirs ("PDP Zones"), and proved developed behind pipe reservoirs ("PDBP Zones") encountered in either of the Main Pass 275 A-1 and A-2 wellbores (the Apache Wells") and the corresponding bottom hole pressures in the applicable Apache Well(s) with respect to each PDP Zone. 2. Farmor will not produce or cause to be produced any new wells or sidetrack existing any wells on MP 275 which would compete with or drain reserves discovered by any wells drilled pursuant to this Farmout Agreement in which Newfield is allowed to produce under the provision of Section III.D.4. below. 3. Farmee may drill wells to any zones in the Contract Area. In the event the Initial Test Well, Substitute Well or any Additional Well encounters a PDBP Zone, Farmee agrees not to produce such PDBP Zone until such time as all Apache Well(s) have ceased to produce from such zone. 4. In the event the Initial Test Well, Substitute Well or any Additional Well encounters a PDP Zone, Farmee will take a bottom hole pressure in such well in such PDP Zone (such pressure to be obtained through MDT or equivalent pressure testing tool or actual stabilized shut in bottom hole pressure as measured by a downhole pressure gauge). Farmee will adjust such measured bottom hole pressure to account for any difference in true vertical depth between the PDP Zone in the Initial Test Well, Substitute Well or any Additional Well and the mid point of the perforations in the PDP Zone in the Apache Well(s) so that the pressures will be compared at a common datum. Farmee will calculate this adjustment by subtracting the true vertical depth subsea of the PDP in the Initial Test Well, Substitute Well or any Additional Well from the true vertical depth subsea of the midpoint of the perforations of PDP Zone in the Apache Well(s), and multiplying such difference in true vertical depth by the appropriate pressure gradient as determined through the above mentioned pressure measurement techniques, or in the absence of measured pressure gradients then at 0.15 psi/ft. If such adjusted bottom hole pressure is greater than or equal to the result obtained by subtracting 250 psi from the original bottom hole pressure for the corresponding PDP Zone in the applicable Apache Well(s) (as set forth on Exhibit "C")., then Farmee may produce that PDFP Zone from such well without delay. Should the adjusted bottom hole pressure for the PDP Zone in the Initial Test Well, Substitute Well or any Additional Well be more than 250 psi below the original bottom hole pressure for the corresponding PDP Zone in the applicable Apache Well(s) (as set forth on Exhibit "C"), then Farmee may not produce such well in such PDP Zone until such PDP Zone ceases to produce from the Apache Well(s) or is abandoned to a different zone. In the event Farmee is prohibited from immediately producing any PDP Zone because of the conditions contained in this paragraph, then notwithstanding the above, Farmee may make a written request that Farmor 4 permit Farmee to produce oil and/or gas production from such PDP Zone, provided, however, Farmor may at its sole discretion withhold such consent. E. In the event Farmee fails to commence production from the Earning Well (or any subsequent well drilled pursuant to the Agreement) within two (2) years from rig release on the Earning Well then, unless (i) Farmee can demonstrate a good faith effort on its part in attempting to initiate the sale of production from Contract Area or (ii) Farmee's production is delayed under Section III.D. above, Farmee will reassign to Farmor any interest assigned to Farmee in the Contract Area. F. Upon the total cessation of production from all wells drilled under this Agreement for consecutive period of one hundred twenty days (120) days, during which period of time no operations are being conducted on the Contract Area in a good faith effort to re-establish production, or one hundred twenty (120) days after completion of any good faith effort to reestablish production, Farmee will reassign to Farmor any interest earned under this Agreement unless Farmee can demonstrate to Farmor that reasonable circumstances exist which prohibit Farmee from conducting operations to re-establish production, but that Farmee is preparing to conduct such operations no later than one hundred fifty (150) days following such total cessation of production. G. Any interest assigned from Farmee to Farmor shall be free and. clear of any liens, claims or other .burdens created by, through or under Farmee. IV. PRODUCTION HANDLING AND FEES ---------------------------- A. Subject to Farmor's facility and equipment capacity limitations, Farmee shall have the option, but not the obligation, to process its Contract Area production through Farmor's existing production handling facilities located on Main Pass Block 289. Farmor and Farmee shall endeavor and attempt to enter into a mutually acceptable production handling agreement which will incorporate, among other provisions, processing and handling rates of .13/mcf for gas, $.85/bbl for oil and condensate, $.85/bbl for water, $.05/mcf per stage of compression and a monthly operating fee of $10,000;00 for the first well and $5,000.00 for each additional well for manned facility or $12,500.00 for the first well and $5,000.00 for each additional well for an unmanned facility (collectively "Fees"). In any month in which there is production from the Contract Area, and there is sufficient available facility and equipment capacity, and if the Fees excluding the monthly contract operating fee do not equal or exceed $12,500.00 in any calendar month, then a minimum fee of $12,500.00 will be charged to Farmee in lieu of fees based upon throughput for such month, regardless of actual throughput. In any month in which there is no production from the Contract Area and there is sufficient available facility and equipment capacity to meet the minimum monthly fee, the minimum monthly fee shall not exceed $7,500.00. The Fees (excluding the minimum monthly fee) will be adjusted on the first day of April of each year, beginning in April, 2007, by the relevant increases or decreases in the Overhead Adjustment Index as such is published by the council of Petroleum Accountant societies or COPAS (the "COPAS Index"). B. To the extent equipment or facilities on Farmor's Platform must be installed, redesigned or modified in order to accommodate production from any well(s) drilled pursuant to this Agreement, all costs and expenses associated therewith shall be borne by the parties participating in the drilling of any such well(s) in proportion to their working interest. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, in the event Farmor processes its gas at third party facilities, then Farmor shall not be obligated to provide production handling services as provided in this paragraph. C. Notwithstanding the above, in the event Farmor determines in its sole discretion that it is uneconomic to continue to process the Farmee's production at Farmor's production facilities, then Farmor discontinue the production 5 handling services upon thirty (30) days' written notice to Farmee. In such case, and subject to any priority rights under existing agreements, Farmor and Farmee will attempt to negotiate (i) the terms of a purchase and sale agreement for the sale of the production facilities and platform to Farmee; or (ii) or platform sublease agreement to allow continued production from wells drilled pursuant to this Agreement. In the event the parties cannot reach an agreement within ninety (90) days after Farmor's notice to Farmee as provided above, then the production handling agreement shall terminate. V. DOWNTIME FEES ------------- A. In addition to the Fees as provided in Section 3.(a), Farmee shall pay a downtime fee ("Downtime Fee") to Farmor as compensation for the production downtime attributable to Farmor's production (not to include third part PHA revenue or volumes) which is required to be shut-in due to operations conducted on any well(s) drill pursuant to this Option Agreement. The Downtime Fee shall be calculated on an hourly basis as follows: Total Downtime Fee = (AxB) x C --------- 45x24 Where: A = number of hours of Downtime per Downtime event less the initial forty eight (48) hours of downtime at no charge B = Processor's total daily net working interest production in mcf for previous forty-five (45) days C = Processor's average commodity sale price (net of any transportation, gathering fuel and other marketing costs which would have been reasonable incurred), during the period of any Downtime Notwithstanding the above, the Downtime Fee shall be charged for the first forty-eight (48) hours of downtime and the Downtime Fee will be capped at seventy-two (72) hours production equivalent at which time Farmor, it its option, may recommence its production that was shut-in as a result of the one hundred twenty (120) hour downtime. VI. SLOT FEES --------- A. To the extent Farmee intends to utilize an available open slot on a Farmor platform, Farmee shall pay a slot fee equal to $100,000 gross per well per slot utilized to Farmor on behalf of the platform owners. In addition, Farmee will be responsible for its proportionate share (based on Farmee's working interest in such well(s) of all plugging and abandonment (P&A) costs in accordance with MMS requirements associated with any well(s) drilled from an existing slot of a Farmor platform or any existing wellbore from an Farmor platform which may be re-entered and sidetracked. Farmee further agrees that it will not sidetrack any existing well(s) without first obtaining Farmor's prior written consent. Should Farmee re-enter and sidetrack an existing well from the Farmor platform, Farmee's assumption of P&A liability for such wells will be in lieu of the slot fee. 6 VII. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS ------------------------ Farmee shall deliver to Farmor, free of cost, the information set out in Exhibit "A", attached hereto, and all other geological and geophysical, engineering, technical, production test, exploratory, and reservoir information, and any logs or other information and data that Farmee might acquire from the Initial Test Well or any other well drilled by Farmee hereunder but only to the extent that such information is not restricted by licensing agreements. VIII. CONFIDENTIALITY --------------- A. The term "Confidential Information" shall mean any and all information delivered by Farmee to Farmor pursuant to Section VII above include any geological, geophysical, engineering, technical, production test, exploratory, or reservoir information, or any logs. Confidential Information shall be the property of the Parties and shall be maintained by Farmor as confidential for a period of two (2) years from the effective date of this Agreement or until such information is made public by a governmental authority, whichever is earlier. Each Party shall use at least the same degree of care in protecting the Confidential Information as it uses in protecting its own proprietary materials. B. Farmor shall not have any obligation to limit disclosure or use of any portion of. Confidential Information which: 1. is already in Farmor's possession prior to receipt hereunder; 2. is now in or hereafter becomes publicly available through no fault of Farmor; 3. is disclosed to Farmor without obligation of confidence by a third party which has the right to make such disclosure; or 4. is independently developed by or for Farmor without reference to Confidential Information received under this Agreement. C. Any Party may make Confidential Information available to third parties without the consent of the other Party as follows: 1. to a consultant or engineering firm for hydrocarbon reserve or other technical evaluation; analysis or interpretation or for reprocessing, provided that such consultant or engineering firm is not allowed to retain a copy of the Confidential Information after completion of its services and agrees in writing to treat it as confidential; 2. to show, but not provide copies, to a third party with which a Party is negotiating sale of all or part of its interest in the Contract Area, or a possible merger or consolidation or sale of its business operations; provided that such third party or parties agree in writing to hold all such Confidential Information in confidence. In the event of completion of a transaction contemplated by this Section VIII.C.2., a copy of all Confidential Information may be provided to the successor in interest of such Party and such Party may also retain copies for the Confidential Information with all the rights and obligations which it had prior to the completion of the transaction; 7 3. to show and provide copies of the Confidential Information to an Affiliate (as hereinafter defined) or financial institutions provided that such Affiliate or financial institutions agree to be bound by the confidentiality provisions of this Agreement. "Affiliate" shall mean any company or legal entity which (i) controls either directly or indirectly a Party, or (ii) which is controlled directly or indirectly by such Party, or (iii) is directly or indirectly controlled by a company or entity which directly or indirectly controls such Party. "Control" means the right to exercise fifty percent (50%) or more of the voting rights in the appointment of the directors or managers of such company or legal entity. 4. to show the Confidential Information to and provide copies thereof to agencies of federal and state governments having jurisdiction to the extent required by applicable law, rule or regulation, provided that such Party shall take all actions to require the confidential treatment of the Confidential Information which is disclosed. IX. CONSENT TO ASSIGN ----------------- Except for assignments to affiliates of Farmee, internal partners of Farmee or financial institutions as part of a financing arrangement, Farmee may not assign any rights under this Agreement without the prior written consent of Farmor, and any assignment made without such consent shall be void. Such request shall contain the name, address and percentage of participation of the proposed assignee. Should Farmee request Farmor's consent to assign to a willing and financially able party, Farmor's consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. Notwithstanding Farmor's consent to assign, Farmee shall remain fully liable to Farmor for the performance of all obligations incurred prior to the effective date of the assignment under this Agreement. All assignments shall be made expressly subject to this Agreement and Farmor, shall not be, under any obligation to recognize any assignment of this Agreement pursuant to the terms hereof unless and until it has received from Farmee a true and correct copy of same and assignee has ratified this Agreement. X. INDEMNITY --------- FARMEE SHALL RELEASE, DEFEND, INDEMNIFY, AND HOLD FARMOR, ITS AFFILIATES AND CONTRACTORS, AND EACH OF THEIR RESPECTIVE DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, OR REPRESENTATIVES, CONTRACTORS, SUBCONTRACTORS, SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS HARMLESS, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, FROM AND AGAINST ANY CLAIMS, LIABILITIES, AND LOSSES FOR INJURY, DEATH OR DAMAGE OF EVERY KIND AND CHARACTER TO PERSONS, PROPERTY OR THE ENVIRONMENT (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE COST OF LITIGATION AND ATTORNEY'S FEES INCURRED IN CONNECTION WITH THE SAME) ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH FARMEE'S OPERATIONS CONDUCTED. ON THE LEASE PURSUANT TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, OR FARMEE, ITS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS OR REPRESNETATIVES, CONTRACTORS, SUBCONTRACTORS, SUCCESSORS, AND ASSIGNS; PROVIDED THAT IF ANY SUIT IS FILED ON ANY CLAM, FARMEE SHALL IMMEDIATELY NOTIFY FARMOR OR PERMIT FARMOR TO PARTICIPATE IN THE DEFENSE THEREOF WITHOUT WAIVER OR IMPAIRMENT OF FARMEE INDEMNITIES TO FARMOR; HOWEVER,THE ABOVE SHALL NOT APPLY TO FARMOR IN THE EVENT OF FARMOR'S GROSS NEGLIGENCE OR WILLFUL MISCONDUCT. 8 XI. ASSUMPTION OF LIABILITIES ------------------------- A. It is understood that Farmee shall assume all duties, responsibilities and liabilities in connection with all of its operations on the Contract Area limited to the interests subject to this Agreement, and that Farmee shall perform all duties and make any and all filings and reports as necessary or required by permits in connection with the drilling and plugging and abandoning of any well or wells drilled under the terms of this Agreement. FARMEE DOES HEREBY AGREE TO DEFEND, INDEMNIFY, RELEASE AND HOLD HARMLESS FARMOR FROM AND AGIANST ANY SUCH DUTIES, RESPONSIBILITIES AND LIABILITIES. B. Although Farmor, as the current Operator, will provide Farmee copies of permits and site data (including any shallow hazard surveys, bathymetry reports, and any soil boring reports) if and when available, FARMOR MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, AND HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES, AS TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF SUCH INFORMATION, PERMITS OR DATA SO FURNISHED. FARMEE HEREBY EXPRESSLY ASSUMES THE RISK OF THE INNACCURACY OR INCOMPLETENESS OF SUCH INFORMATION, PERMITS OR DATA ASSUMES THE RISK OF THE INACCURACY OR INCOMPLETENESS OF SUCH INFORMATION, WAIVES ANY CLAIMS AGAINST FARMOR REGARDING SUCH INFORMATION, PERMITS OR DATA, AND ACKNOWLEDGES THAT, WITHOUT SUCH WAIVER, FARMOR WOULD NOT FURNISH SUCH INFORMATION, PERMITS OR DATA. C. Notwithstanding the above, neither Party hereto shall be liable in an action initiated by one (1) against the other for special, indirect, consequential, exemplary or punitive damages resulting from or arising out of this Agreement, including, without limitation, loss of profit or business interruptions, however same may be caused. XII. SEVERAL LIABILITY ----------------- The Parties hereby agree that the respective obligations and liabilities of the Parties under this Agreement shall be several, not joint or collective, and each Party shall be responsible for its own obligations. It is not the intention of the Parties to create, nor shall this Agreement be construed as creating, a mining or other partnership, agency or association between the Parties or to render them liable as partners, agents or associates. XIII. COMPLIANCE ---------- Farmee shall comply with all laws and regulations applicable to any activities carried out by Farmee under the provisions of this Agreement and any amendments hereto. Farmee agrees to immediately notify Farmor of any material failures to comply with applicable laws or regulations, AND AGREES TO RELEASE, INDEMNIFY, DEFEND, AND HOLD HARMLESS FARMOR FROM AND AGAINST ANY AND ALL LOSSES, LIABILITIES, CLAIMS, DEMANDS, ORDERS, JUDGMENTS, NOTICES, DAMAGES OR OTHER MATTERS, WHETHER SIMILAR OR DISSIMILAR IN NATURE WHICH MAY ARISE FROM FARMEE'S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH SUCH LAWS AND REGULATIONS. 9 XIV. INSURANCE --------- A. During the term of this Agreement, Farmee shall maintain insurance coverage, with reasonable deductibles and insurers acceptable to Farmor, as set forth in Exhibit "B ". Farmee shall also require its contractors and subcontractors to carry prudent insurance coverage for the types of operations undertaken. Any deficiencies in the insurance policies of Farmee's contractors and subcontractors shall be the sole responsibility of Farmee. It is expressly understood and agreed that the coverages required in Exhibit "B" represent Farmee's minimum insurance requirements and are not to be construed to fund or limit the liability of any indemnity obligations that are undertaken by Farmee in this Agreement. B. With respect to the liabilities assumed in this Agreement, the insurers of the specified policies of insurance hereunder, including those insurance policies required of Farmee's contractors and/or subcontractors, shall waive their rights of subrogation against Farmor, their subsidiary and affiliated companies, their directors, officers, employees, agents, representatives, invitees, co-lessees, co-owners, partners, joint venturers, contractors and subcontractors, and their insurers, and each of their respective successors, spouses, relatives, dependents, heirs and estates. C. With respect to the liabilities assumed in this Agreement, the insurers of the specified policies of insurance required hereunder shall include Farmor and their subsidiary and affiliated companies as additional insureds. However, this provision shall not apply to the Workers' Compensation policies of either Farmee or of its contractors and/or subcontractors. D. Prior to any .work commencing under this Agreement, Farmee shall furnish Farmor with certificates of insurance indicating that the required insurance policies are in full force, and that such policies shall not be cancelled without (30) days prior written notice to Farmor. XV. REPORTING ACCURACY ------------------ All financial settlements, billings and reports rendered to Farmor by Farmee and all bills given to Farmee by Farmor pursuant to this Agreement and/or any amendments, shall reflect properly the facts about all activities and transactions. Each Party agrees to notify the other Party promptly upon discovery of any instance where it has reason to believe data supplied is no longer accurate or complete. XVI. AUDIT RIGHTS ------------ Farmor, upon written notice to Farmee, shall have the right, for a period of twenty-four (24) months from the end of the calendar year in which a payout statement or ORRI disbursement is or should have been received, to audit Farmee's records of all proceeds, ORRI disbursements and the rights of Farmor pursuant to this Agreement. XVII. WELL TAKOVER ------------ A. If Farmee elects to permanently abandon any well drilled under this Agreement provided that Farmee does not wish to use the well to sidetrack, deepen or otherwise utilize the wellbore for its own account as a Substitute Well or Additional Well, then Farmor shall have the option to take over said well for any purpose. If Farmee elects to abandon such a well, it shall give notice to Farmor within forty-eight (48) hours (inclusive of weekends and holidays) of making its decision to so abandon. Within ten (10) business days 10 after receipt of such notice, or if a drilling rig is on location, within forty-eight (48) hours, inclusive of weekends and holidays, Farmor shall notify Farmee whether it elects to exercise its option. Failure to respond timely shall be deemed a negative election. B. If Farmor exercises the option to take over the well, it shall be entitled to operate the well in conjunction with any facilities which are or would have been connected with operation of the well, and Farmor shall further be entitled to produce the well from any zone, formation, or reservoir previously encountered in the well to be taken over whether or not the zone, formation, or reservoir has been previously completed. In the event Farmor exercises such well takeover option, it shall pay Farmee the salvage value of the well and associated equipment (including the salvage value of the platform and facilities associated with the well), if any, less the estimated costs of salvaging and shall thereafter assume all further risk, responsibility and expense of plugging and abandoning the well. If Farmor elects not to take over the well, then Farmee shall thereafter promptly plug and abandon it and any associated flowline or pipeline in accordance with all the rules and regulations of the MMS. XVIII. RIGHTS TO PRODUCTION -------------------- Each Party shall own and have the right to receive in-kind and to separately dispose of its proportionate share of the oil and gas production from Assigned Premises. XIX. LEASE MAINTENANCE PAYMENTS -------------------------- Farmor shall pay any rentals and/or minimum royalty necessary to perpetuate the Lease; provided however, Farmor may be relieved of such obligation at such time as all wells on the Lease in which Farmor has a working interest are no longer capable of producing in Farmor's sole judgment and Farmor give Farmee notice at least sixty (60) days prior to any payment due date, and thereafter Farmee shall be responsiblefor such payments. Upon the written request of a non-paying Party, the Party responsible for making the rental or minimum royalty payments shall provide proof of any such payment. XX. APPLICABLE LAW -------------- THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF TEXAS APPLICABLE TO CONTRACTS MADE AND TO BE PERFORMED THEREIN DISREGARDING ANY CONFLICT OF LAWS RULE WHICH WOULD RESULT IN THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF ANY OTHER JURISDICTION; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT NO LAW, THEORY, OR PUBLIC POLICY SHALL BE GIVEN EFFECT WHICH WOULD UNDERMINE, DIMINISH, OR REDUCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE WAIVER OF DAMAGES PROVIDED IN THE PRECEDING SECTION XI.C ABOVE, IT BEING THE EXPRESS INTENT, UNDERSTANDING, AND AGREEMENT OF THE PARTIES THAT SUCH WAIVER IS TO BE GIVEN THE FULLEST EFFECT, NOTWITHSTANDING THE NEGLIGENCE (WHETHER SOLE, JOINT OR CONCURRENT), GROSS NEGLIGENCE, WILLFUL MISCONTDUCT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHER LEGAL FAULT OF PARTY. In the event this Agreement or such operations, or any part thereof, contemplated hereby are found to be inconsistent with or contrary to any such laws, rules, regulations or orders, the laws, rules, regulations or orders shall be deemed to control and this Agreement shall be regarded as modified accordingly and as so modified shall continue in full force and effect. 11 XXI. MISCELLANEOUS ------------- A. Except as otherwise provided for in this Agreement and the Option Agreement, this Agreement contains and comprises the entire agreement between the Parties regarding the Lease and Contract Area and supersedes any previous negotiations or documents related thereto. Any amendments, changes or modifications to the rights and obligations of the Parties hereto shall be in writing and shall be effective only when agreed in writing by all Parties. Farmor makes no warranty, statutory; express or implied, with respect to its ownership in the Lease, except by, through or under Farmor. B. The section headings used herein are for convenience only and shall not be construed as having any substantive significance or as indicating that all of the provisions of this Agreement relating to any particular topic are to be found in any particular section. C. All notices given hereunder, except information as specified in Exhibit "A", shall be given to the Parties at the following addresses: Apache Corporation 2000 Post Oak Blvd, Suite 100 Houston, TX 77056 Attn: Land Manager - Offshore Region Telephone: (713) 296-6349 Facsimile: (713) 296-7024 Newfield Exploration Company 363 N. Sam Houston Parkway E, Suite 2020 Houston, Texas 77060 Attn: Land Manager - Gulf of Mexico Telephone: (281) 847-6131 Facsimile: (281) 847-6094 D. All notices hereunder shall be deemed given for all purposes if in writing and delivered personally, sent by documented mail or overnight delivery service or, to the extent receipt is confirmed, telecopy, facsimile or other electronic transmission service to the appropriate address or number set forth above, and deemed delivered when received. E. All obligations imposed by this Agreement on each Party, except for the payment of money and providing of indemnification, shall be suspended and all periods of time for exercising any rights hereunder shall be extended while compliance is prevented, in whole or in part, by a labor dispute, fire, flood, hurricane, war, civil disturbance, or act of God; by laws; by governmental rules, regulations, or orders; by governmental action or governmental delay; by inability to obtain a rig or secure materials; or by any other cause, whether similar or dissimilar, beyond the reasonable control of the said Party; provided, however, that performance shall be resumed within a reasonable time after such cause has been removed; and provided further that no Party shall be required against its will to settle any labor dispute ("Force Majeure"). Whenever a Party's obligations or rights are suspended or extended hereunder, such Party shall immediately notify the other Party, giving full particulars of the reason for such suspension or extension, and such Party shall thereafter diligently endeavor to remove or correct the cause of such Force Majeure event as soon as reasonably possible. If necessary to maintain the Lease (or either of them) in full force and effect, Farmor will provide Farmee with all reasonable assistance in filing for and seeking MMS approval of a Suspension of Operations/Production ("SOP") (or such other documents, applications and requisite governmental permits) to cover a time period adequate to allow Farmee to obtain all necessary drilling permits and 12 until a rig is in place. In the event an SOP is obtained, which extends the time period during which drilling operations and/or production must be commenced or obtained in order to maintain the Lease, the Parties shall amend the first paragraph of Section I of this Agreement to make the mandatory commencement date for the Initial Test Well consistent with any extension provided under the MMS-approved SOP or other authority. F. Any overriding royalty, production payment, or net profits interest burden that may be created by Farmor subsequent to the date of the Letter of Intent dated April 28, 2005 other than the ORRI reserved by Farmor under this Agreement ("Excess Burdens") shall not burden, in any manner, the interests that Farmee may earn. G. The Exhibits to this Agreement, listed below, are hereby incorporated herein for all intents and purposes. Exhibit "A" -- Well Information Exhibit "B" -- Farmee's Insurance Provisions Exhibit "C" -- Existing Reservoirs If the foregoing terns and conditions are acceptable to Farmee, please execute and return an original to. FARMOR Apache Corporation By: /s/ C. R. Harden ---------------- Name: C. R. Harden Title: Land Manager - Gulf Coast Region Date: 7/17/06 -------- FARMEE Newfield Exploration Company By: /s/ W. M. Blumenshine --------------------- Name: W. M. Blumenshine Title: Land Manager Date: 8/2/2006 ----------- 13 EXHIBIT "A" Attached to and made a part of that certain Farmout Agreement between Apache Corporation and Newfield Exploration Company dated July 7, 2006 WELL INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-OPERATED PROPERTIES TO: Newfield Exploration Company PROSPECT: Main Pass Block 275 OCS-G 15395, Farmout Wells OFFSHORE/STATE: Offshore Louisiana PLEASE SEND THE NUTMBER OF COPIES INDICATED FOR EACH OF THE DATA LISTED BELOW TO: Apache Corporation 2000 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 100 Houston, Texas 77056-4400 Attn: Joe Young --------------- PRIOR TO SPUDDING - DATA - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of Copies - ------------- 1 Application for Well Permit 1 Wellsite Survey Plat 1 Drilling AFE with Drilling Program 1 Drilling Geological Prognosis 1 Notice of Spudding AFTER SPUDDING - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Daily Well Report: E-mail to: Joe Young at joe.young@apachecorp.com Dan Moore at daniel.moore@apachecorp.com Kathy Mangum at kathy.mangum@apachecorp.com Daily transmission of mud log data and MWD/LWD data e-mailed to Joe Young and Dan Moore. 1 LAS Format w/TIFF images 2 DST or FT Data 3 Field Print of all Log Runs 2 Preliminary Core and Fluid Analyses 2 Directional Surveys 1 Notice of Abandonment 1 Completion Program DURING COMPLETION - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No. of Copies - ------------- 3 All Logs Run After Setting Production Casing 3 Perforation Records 3 Complete Description of Stimulation Treatments 3 Daily Reports during Production AFTER COMPLETION OR ABANDONMENT - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NUMBER OF COPIES - ---------------- 3 Drilling and Completion Reports, DST Charts 3 Final Copies of: Fluid and Core Analyses Sample Descriptions Paleo Mud Logs Directional Surveys, etc. 6 Final hard copies of 1"& 5" Log Prints 1 CD with TIFF images of all wireline logs & tests 1 Composite LAS Format on CD Rom 1 Copies of all Reports Sent to Regulatory Bodies ADDITIONALLY: - ------------- All 1" and 5" logs through all objective and other hydrocarbon bearing sands after being logged, should be e-mailed or faxed to: Joe Young at joe.young@apachecorp.com Dan Moore at daniel.moore@apachecorp.com Joe Young at fax: (713) 296-6461 (routine office hours) Any digital well data from the rig (i.e. log curves, directional survey information) should be e-mailed to joe.young@apachecorp.com PRIOR TO LOGGING, PLEASE NOTIFY: Geologist: ---------- Joe Young Office: (713) 296-6567 Home: (281) 360-9568 Cell: (713) 501-9866 Reservoir Engineer: ------------------- Dan Moore Office: (713) 296-6351 Home: (281) 373-9044 Cell: (281) 627-0312 EXHIBIT "B" Attached to and made a part of that certain Farmout Agreement between Apache Corporation and Newfield Exploration Company dated July 7, 2006 FARMEE'S INSURANCE PROVISIONS Farmee shall secure and maintain and/or cause its contractors and subcontractors to arrange and maintain the following insurance coverages: A. Farmee will ensure that all personnel, whether employees, agents, representatives, consultants, contractors or subcontractors involved with the operations contemplated in, this Agreement are covered by Worker's Compensation and Employer's Liability Insurance in accordance with all applicable federal, state and maritime laws (including the Longshoremen's and Harbor Worker's' Act and its extension by the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, the Death on the High Seas Act and the Jones Act) covering Farmee's personnel, with limits for Employer's Liability Insurance, including Maritime Employer's Liability, of not less than $1,000,000 per occurrence. If applicable, such insurance shall include a territorial extension covering the area of the Gulf of Mexico where the operations under this Agreement are to be performed. B. General Liability Insurance, with limits of liability for bodily injury and property damage of not less than $1,000,000 any occurrence. Such insurance shall provide coverage for pollution liability and contractual liability, and should also include the following: 1. Territorial extension to include coverage for the area of the Gulf of Mexico where the operations under this Agreement are to be performed. 2. "In rem" endorsement, stating that an action "in rem" shall be treated as a claim against the insured "in personam" C. Aircraft Liability Insurance for any of Farmee's operations that may require the use of aircraft, including helicopters, secured by either Farmee or the aircraft owner, with a combined single limit of no less than $5,000,000 per occurrence covering public liability, passenger liability, and property damage liability. Such insurance shall cover all owned and non-owned aircraft, including helicopters, used by Farmee or its contractors or subcontractors in connection with its operations contemplated in this Agreement. D. Excess liability insurance over the liability insurance policies listed above with limits of not less than $25,000,000. E. During any drilling, completion, plugging, workover or recompletion activity on any well drilled hereunder, Operator's Extra Expense insurance, with a minimum limit of $35,000,000, which includes coverage for Control of Well, Pollution Liability and Cleanup, Deliberate Well Firing, Making Wells Safe and voluntary Removal of Wreck/Debris whether such removal is at the request of a government authority of Farmor. F. Vessel P&I and Hull Insurance secured by Farmee or the vessel owner for all vessels owned, chartered or operated by Farmee, its contractors or subcontractors in performance of operations contemplated in this Agreement secured by either Farmee or the vessel owner. The Hull insurance shall be in an 17 amount equal to the value of the vessel(s), and the P&I insurance shall be in an amount equal to the value of the vessel(s) or $10,000,000, whichever is greater. G. With respect to its offshore operations, Farmee shall comply with all applicable governmental regulations including the demonstration of Oil Spill Financial Responsibility for its offshore facilities. Farmor has agreed to undertake the obligation to assume OSFR demonstration to the MMS on behalf of Farmee with respect to the operations contemplated herein. H. Operators Care Custody and Control Limit of not less than $2,000,000. The remainder of this page is left blank intentionally 18 EX-10.4 8 ex104.txt Exhibit 10.4 PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT Gulf of Mexico 2007 Multi Well Program This Participation Agreement ("Agreement") is made and entered into effective as of the 1st day of November, 2006 by and between LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc. ("LLOG"), and Ridgewood Energy Corporation ("Ridgewood"). LLOG and Ridgewood are sometimes hereafter referred to collectively as "Parties" and individually as "Party." RECITALS WHEREAS, on October 11, 2006 the Parties have executed that certain Letter Agreement ("Letter Agreement") wherein LLOG and Ridgewood agreed to jointly drill the six (6) OCS Prospects as more fully described on Exhibit "A-1" attached hereto and made a part hereof; and WHEREAS, in accordance with the Letter Agreement, LLOG plans to drill, and operate, the six (6) OCS Prospects to the Objective Depths on those Leases defined on Exhibit "A" and Ridgewood hereby agrees to participate with LLOG in the drilling of the six (6) OCS Prospects; and WHEREAS, the Parties have agreed to participate in the drilling and evaluation of the Initial Test Well on each Prospect based on the following interests ("Participating Interests"); LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc. 33.33% Ridgewood Energy Corporation 66.67% NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreement herein contained, the Parties hereto agree as follows: 1. DRILLING COSTS / CASING POINT ----------------------------- The Parties agree to assume their proportionate share of the costs to drill and evaluate the Initial Test Well ("ITW") for each Prospect based on the Participating Interests set forth above. The costs to drill and evaluate the 1TW to "Casing Point" for each Prospect shall be detailed in an AFE which will be furnished by LLOG no less than forty -five (45) days prior to the anticipated spud for each Prospect. "Casing Point" means that point in time when the applicable ITW for Prospect has been drilled to Objective Depth (as defined on Exhibit "A-1") and after all logs, cores and other approved tests have been conducted which are necessary to reach the decision for further operations, other than plugging and abandoning, in the ITW. It is understood that Casing Point shall include plugging and abandonment costs in the event the ITW is not completed for production or temporarily abandoned in contemplation of further operations. Within five (5) business days of Ridgewood's receipt of each such AFE, Ridgewood will confirm its participation by execution of the applicable AFE. However, Ridgewood shall not be liable to LLOG or suffer any penalty for failure to approve any AFE provided. If Ridgewood does not approve an AFE as provided by LLOG then the applicable Prospect will be dropped from this Agreement and the terms and provisions of this Agreement will continue and remain in effect for the remaining undrilled Prospects. The ITW costs shall continue to be shared based on the Participating Interests until the ITW reaches Casing Point or the actual costs to drill and evaluate the applicable Prospect reaches 110% of the approved AFE ("Promote Cap"), whichever occurs first. Thereafter, all further costs of the ITW including but not limited to any sidetrack or completion, and all associated costs including but not limited to jacket, pipeline and facility costs shall be shared on a 50/50 basis by LLOG and Ridgewood. LLOG, as Operator, shall have the right to require the Parties to pay advances in accordance with the terms of the COPAS attached to the Offshore Operating Agreement ("JOA") attached hereto and made a part hereof as Exhibit "C". 2. REIMBURSABLE LAND COSTS ----------------------- Within fifteen (15) days of execution of each Prospect's applicable AFE, Ridgewood shall reimburse LLOG for its 50% share of the applicable Prospect's "Sunk Land Costs". The Sunk Land Costs are set forth on Exhibit "B" attached hereto. 3. SUBSTITUTE WELL --------------- If during the drilling of the ITW LLOG encounters impenetrable substances or conditions, including loss of hole due to mechanical difficulties, which in the opinion of a reasonably prudent operator under the same or similar conditions, would render further drilling impracticable or hazardous and the condition prevents further drilling of the ITW, LLOG may commence a "Substitute Well", provided the drilling operations on such Substitute Well are commenced within one hundred fifty (150 ) days after release of the drilling rig from the ITW. However, with respect to such Substitute Well, the Promote Cap applicable to the original AFE shall not be adjusted upward in the event the cumulative costs of the ITW and the Substitute Well, as the case may be, exceed the original Promote Cap. 4. EARNING EVENT / ASSIGNMENT OF RECORD TITLE ------------------------------------------ At such time as the ITW is drilled to Casing Point and Ridgewood has satisfied the monetary obligations set forth in Articles 1 and 2 above, LLOG shall execute and deliver to Ridgewood an Assignment of Record Title Interest delivering to Ridgewood a 50% Record Title Interest in each Lease so earned. The Assignments shall be without warranty of title, either express or implied, except by, through and under LLOG, but not otherwise. Additionally, such Assignment shall be subject to the approval of the authorized officer of the U.S. Mineral Management Service. However, in said Assignment, LLOG shall deliver to Ridgewood the net revenue interest set forth on Exhibit "B" attached hereto attributable to its 50% record title interest. 5. JOINT OPERATING AGREEMENT ------------------------- At such time each ITW reaches Casing Point and Ridgewood earns the interest set forth herein, the relationship of the Parties shall henceforth be governed by the Joint Operating Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit "C". Such JOA shall be deemed a separate agreement for each Lease and at such time as Ridgewood has 2 earned a Lease in accordance with 4 above, LLOG and Ridgewood shall enter into a JOA covering such earned Lease. Such separate JOA shall be identical to the JOA executed herein but in the case where other parties (which parties are listed on Exhibit "A" to the JOA) are participating in the Lease, LLOG shall attempt to have such parties execute the same JOA. 6. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS ------------------------ During the drilling of the ITW for each Prospect, LLOG shall deliver to Ridgewood the G&G and well information as provided in the applicable JOA. 7. CONFIDENTIALITY/ PRESS RELEASES ------------------------------- The Parties shall adhere to the Confidentiality Provisions, including information relative to press releases, contained in the attached JOA for all operations subject to this Agreement. 8. CONSENT TO ASSIGN ----------------- Ridgewood may not assign any rights under this Agreement without LLOG's prior written consent. At such time as Ridgewood has earned an assignment in a given Lease as set forth herein, the rights and obligations associated with any assignment shall be subject to the applicable JOA. Notwithstanding the above, LLOG hereby waives its right to consent to any future assignment to be made by Ridgewood to one or more of its wholly managed and controlled Drilling Fund LLC(s). With respect to Ship Shoal Block 81, OCS-G 26056, LLOG and Ridgewood will be joined by a third party, Shoreline Southeast LLC (an affiliate of Shoreline Energy, and hereinafter referred to as "Shoreline"). Shoreline's Participating Interests on Ship Shoal 81 will be 26.67%, which will become 20% at such time as the ITW reaches Casing Point or the Promote Cap, whichever occurs first. Otherwise, Shoreline shall be subject to the identical terms and conditions contained in this Agreement, but applicable only to Ship Shoal 81. Ridgewood's Participating Interests and the interest to be earned upon reaching Casing Point or the Promote Cap shall not be affected as a result of Shoreline's participation. 9. INDEMNITY / LIABILITY / INSURANCE --------------------------------- With respect to indemnities, liabilities and insurance matters, beginning with the commencement of operations for each ITW and Substitute Well, if applicable, the Parties agree to be bound by and subject to the provisions of the JOA. 3 10. TIMELY OPERATIONS ----------------- LLOG will diligently and timely move forward in securing a rig(s) necessary to drill the Prospects as soon as possible. LLOG commits to Ridgewood to spud the first Prospect on or before February 1, 2007. LLOG further commits to Ridgewood to having commenced operations on each of the six (6) Prospects by December 31, 2007, subject only to rig availability and obtaining the required permits. However, LLOG's commitment to drill and evaluate drill and evaluate West Delta 67 is contingent of the results of the ITW on the adjacent West Delta Block 68. The Parties will confer immediately upon obtaining the results of the West Delta Block 68 ITW to make that determination. LLOG shall not be liable to Ridgewood or sufer any penalties for failure to spud any Prospect after December 31, 2007. 11. AUDIT RIGHTS ------------ Ridgewood shall have the right of audit for a period of twenty-four (24) months from the end of each calendar year to audit LLOG's records for operations conducted during such year as a result of this Agreement. 12. LEASE MAINTENANCE PAYMENTS -------------------------- The Parties agree to jointly share lease maintenance costs which accrue during the term of this Agreement on a 50/50 basis. LLOG shall make a bona fide effort to make the payments, but shall not be responsible to the other Party for losses or damages resulting from its failure to do so. Upon written request of a non-paying Party, the Party responsible for making the rental payment or minimum royalty payments shall provide proof of payment. 13. APPLICABLE LAW -------------- THE LEASE AND ALL OPERATIONS CONDUCTED BY THE PARTIES SHALL BE SUBJECT TO ALL VALID AND APPLICABLE FEDERAL LAWS, RULES, REGULATIONS AND ORDERS ("FEDERAL LAW"). THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL MARITIME LAW OF THE UNITED STATES. TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY FEDERAL LAW, THE LAWS OF THE STATE ADJACENT TO THE LEASE SHALL APPLY. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL OTHERWISE BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SUBSTANTIVE LAWS OF THE STATE OF LOUISIANA, EXCLUSIVE OF ANY PROVISIONS THAT WOULD DIRECT THE APPLICATION OF THE SUBSTANTIVE LAW OF ANY OTHER JURISDICTION. ANY ACTION PERMITTED BY THIS AGREEMENT TO BE COMMENCED IN COURT SHALL BE BROUGHT AND MAINTAINED EXCLUSIVELY IN FEDERAL OR STATE COURT LOCATED IN HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, AND EACH PARTY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION IT MAY HAVE TO THIS VENUE. In the event this Agreement or the operations, or any part thereof, contemplated hereby are found to be inconsistent with or contrary to any laws, rules, regulations or orders, the laws, rules, regulations or orders shall be deemed to control and this Agreement shall be regarded as modified accordingly and as so 4 modified shall continue in full force and effect. 14. TERM ---- This Agreement shall terminate at such time as all Assignments provided for in Article 4 have been filed and accepted by the Minerals Management Service. Thereafter all operations to be conducted for the joint benefit of the Parties shall be subject to the applicable JOA. 15. SECTION HEADINGS ---------------- The section headings used herein are for convenience only and shall not be construed as having any substantive significance or as indicating that all of the provisions of this Agreement relating to any particular topic are to be found in any particular section. 16. FORCE MAJEURE ------------- All obligations imposed by this Agreement on each Party, except for the payment of money and providing of indemnification, shall be suspended and all periods of time for exercising any rights shall be extended while compliance is prevented, in whole or in part, by a labor dispute, fire, flood, hurricane, war, civil disturbance, or act of God; by laws; by governmental rules, regulations, or orders; by governmental action or governmental delay; by inability to obtain a rig or secure materials; or by any other cause, whether similar or dissimilar, beyond the reasonable control of the Party; provided, however, that performance shall be resumed within a reasonable time after the cause has been removed; and provided further that no Party shall be required against its will to settle any labor dispute. Whenever a Party's obligations or rights are suspended or extended, the Party shall immediately notify the other Party, giving full particulars of the reason for the suspension or extension, and the Party shall diligently endeavor to remove or correct the cause of the Force Majeure event as soon as reasonably possible. 17. SUBSEQUENT BURDENS ------------------ Any overriding royalty, production payment or net profits interest burden that may be created subsequent to the date of this Agreement ("Excess Burdens"), shall be the sole responsibility and borne out of the interest of the Party creating the burden. 18. MISCELLANEOUS ------------- This Agreement contains and comprises the entire agreement between the Parties regarding the Lease and supersedes any previous negotiations or documents related to it. 5 This agreement shall be deemed for all purposes as prepared through the joint efforts of the parties and shall not be construed against one party or the other as a result of the preparation, submittal, or other event of negotiation, drafting, or execution hereof. Any amendments, changes or modifications to the rights and obligations of the Parties shall be in writing and shall be efective only when agreed in writing by all Parties. This Agreement, together with all of its exhibits, is intended by the Parties to be a complete and final statement of the agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes any prior oral or written statements or agreements between the Parties hereto. In the event of a conflict between the terms and provisions of this Agreement and the JOA, the terms of this Agreement shall control. 19. NOTICES ------- All notices, requests or demands to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing and directed to the persons at the following address/contact information: LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc. Ridgewood Energy Corporation 11700 Old Katy Road, Suite 295 11700 Old Katy Road, Suite 280 Houston, Texas 77079 Houston, Texas 77079 Attn: Mr. Thomas A. Burnett Attention: Mr. Greg Tabor Phone: 281.752.1103 Phone: 281.293.8449 Fax: 281.752.1190 Fax: 281.293.7705 Email thomasb@llog.com Email gtabor@ridgewoodenergy.com IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date first set forth above. LLOG EXPLORATION OFFSHORE, INC. /s/ Thomas A. Burnett --------------------- Thomas A. Burnett Manager of Business Development RIDGEWOOD ENERGY CORPORATION /s/ W. Greg Tabor ----------------- W. Greg Tabor Executive Vice President 6 EXHIBIT "A" ------------ Attached to and made a part of that certain Participation Agreement dated November 1, 2006, by and between LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc., Ridgewood Energy Corporation - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Description of Leases: Oil and Gas Lease bearing Serial Number OCS-G 25995, effective May 1, 2004, covering all of Vermilion Block 344, from the United States of America, as Lessor, to LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc., as Lessee, containing approximately 3,378.08 acres, more or less. Oil and Gas Lease bearing Serial Number OCS-G 26056, effective July 1, 2004, covering all of Ship Shoal Block 81, from the United States of America, as Lessor, to LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc., as Lessee, containing approximately 5,000 acres, more or less. Oil and Gas Lease bearing Serial Number OCS-G 24389, effective October 1, 2002, covering all of Galveston Block A-248, from the United States of America, as Lessor, to LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc., as Lessee, containing approximately 5,760 acres, more or less. Oil and Gas Lease bearing Serial Number OCS-G 24874, effective July 1, 2003, covering all of South Marsh Island Block 111, from the United States of America, as Lessor, to LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc., as Lessee, containing approximately 2,828.95 acres, more or less. Oil and Gas Lease bearing Serial Number OCS-G 27179, effective May 1, 2005, covering all of the North-Half of West Delta Block 67, from the United States of America, as Lessor, to LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc., as Lessee, containing approximately 2,500 acres, more or less. Oil and Gas Lease bearing Serial Number OCS-G 27180, effective May 1, 2005, covering all of the North-Half of West Delta Block 68, from the United States of America, as Lessor, to LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc., as Lessee, containing approximately 1,832.53 acres, more or less. 7 EXHIBIT "A-1" -------------- Attached to and made a part of that certain Participation Agreement dated November 1, 2006, by and between LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc., Ridgewood Energy Corporation - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Description of Objective Depth: Vermilion Block 344 - is an Ang. B amplitude supported objective at approximately 8,500' TVD and approximately 9,000' MD. Ship Shoal Block 81 - is a Tex X 2, 3, and 4 Sand amplitude supported objective at approximately 9,500' TVD and will be drilled as a straight hole. Galveston A-248 - is a Lower Lenticulina amplitude supported objective at approximately 7,500' TVD and will be drilled as a straight hole. South Marsh Island Block 111 - is a Pleistocene amplitude supported objective at approximately 8,600' TVD and will be drilled as a straight hole. West Delta Block 67 (N/2) - is an Upper Miocene (Cyclam. 3 and Cris K) objective at approximately 11,200' TVD and 13,140' MD. Contingent upon the results of the Initial Test Well to be drilled by LLOG on the adjacent West Delta Block 68 as set forth below, this Prospect may not be drilled. West Delta Block 68 (N12) - is an Upper Miocene (Cyclam. 3 and Cris K) objective at approximately 13,250' TVD and 13,940' MD. 8 Exhibit "B" ----------- Attached to that certain Participation Agreement dated November 1, 2006 by and bewtween LLOG Exploration Offshore, Inc. and Ridgewood
LLOG NRI Other Sunk Area/Block LLOG WI Net NRI 818ths Bonus $ Land Costs Land Costs (8/8THS) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Galveston A-248 95% 77.27% 81.33% $ 220,000.00 $ 144,000.00 $ 364,000.00 Ship Shoal 81 100% 83.33% 83.33% $ 577,000.00 $ 75,000.00 $ 652,000.00 South Marsh Island 111 100% 81.33% 81.33% $ 441,000.00 $ 106,580.00 $ 547,580.00 Vermilion 344 95% 77.27% 81.33% $ 135,600.00 $ 50,685.00 $ 186,285.00 West Delta 67 (N/2) 100% 80.83% 80.83% $ 305,000.00 $ 25,000.00 $ 330,000.00 West Delta 68 (N12) 100% 80.83% 80.83% $ 610,000.00 $ 18,330.00 $ 628,330.00 $ 2,708,195.00
EX-10.5 9 ex10_5.txt [LOGO OMITTED] Ridgewood Energy W. Greg Tabor Executive Vice President March 7, 2007 El Paso E & P Company, LLP 1001 Louisiana Street Houston, TX 77002 Attention: Mr. Anthony Wiltz Re: Offer to Participate- --------------------- West Cameron Block 75, OCS-G 22505 #2 Well Offshore, Louisiana Gentlemen: Whereas El Paso E&P Company, L.P. ("EP") is marketing certain working interest participation percentage in the West Cameron Block 75, OCS-G 22505 #2 Well Offshore Louisiana, ("The Well") and has made said working interest available to Ridgewood Energy Corporation ("REC"). Whereas EP is desirous of selling said working interest participation percentage in The Well and REC desires to acquire a specified level of working interest participation percentage in The Well,, REC hereby submits below the terms and conditions of a participation proposal to acquire said working interest and net revenue interest in The Well, and enter into a formal Participation Agreement with EP under the following general terms and conditions: 1. REC hereby agrees to execute the EP AFE dated January 18, 2007 for the drilling and or plugging and abandonment of The Well in the amount of $42,772,550.00 thereby evidencing agreement to participate and pay 45% of the costs being $19,247,647.00 net to REC. REC's 45% participation level will be capped at 100% of the $42,772,550.00 DHC. At such time as the DHC reach $42,772,550.00 all further REC well costs will be at the 40% working interest participation level. 2. In return for REC agreeing to participate in The Well and evidencing said participation by executing the above referenced AFE, EP shall immediately but no later than 10 business days upon REC's execution of AFE, convey to REC a 40% operating rights interest in The Well and any production thereof via an MMS acceptable form of assignment and therein EP shall reserve a 1% of 6th/6th ORRI. 3. REC's participation rights hereunder shall be strictly governed and 11700 Old Katy Road, Suite 280, Houston, TX 77079 o T: (281) 293-8449 F: (281) 293-7705 gtabor@ridgewoodenergy.com o www.ridgewoodenergy.com subject to that certain Offshore Operating Agreement dated August 20, 2004 between EL Paso Production Company as Operator and Chevron U.S.A., Inc. and Merit Energy Partners formerly The Houston Exploration Company as Non-operators (the "JOA"). 4. The parties acknowledge the acreage on which The Well is located was previously dedicated to Triton Gathering, LLC and Stingray Pipeline Company, LLC. Accordingly, should The Well be successfully completed and result in production, EP and REC agree, EP will market REC's share of gas production pursuant to the terms provided under the JOA for the term of REC's working interest ownership in The Well. EP will pay REC based on the actual price received at the onshore interconnects with Stingray by EP for the month, net of actual Stingray transport cost incurred, minus $0.17 per mmbtu for as long as EP pays a firm demand charge under its Triton Gathering Agreement then such fee shall be reduced to EP's actual transport charge at Triton. EP shall make payment to REC on the 25th of the month following the month of production via wire transfer. EP agrees to timely and formally request and maintain sufficient capacity to enable EP to market REC's share of oil and gas under its Triton Firm Gathering Agreement and its Stingray Pipeline Transport Agreement(s). 5. EP and REC agree that REC shall be entitled to its proportionate share of Royalty Relief granted to the WC 75 lease block, OCS G22505 by the MMS. 6. [PARAGRAPH DELETED] BJB 7. This offer is subject to all final due diligence by REC. EP shall provide Ridgewood with full and complete access to EP's files, records and data, so that Ridgewood may perform its due diligence review of EP's acquisition, ownership and obligations associated with the lease. Additionally, EP shall provide REC with access to technical data associated with the exploration prospect(s), including seismic, maps, well data and geologic data (including EP's interpretive data), subject however, to all confidentiality and license restrictions. This foregoing proposal by REC to EP expresses our intent to participate in the above referenced well subject to the terms and conditions stated herein. Should you wish to accept this offer and the foregoing terms and conditions are acceptable to you, please execute two copies of this letter and return one copy by fax to: (281) 293-7391; and one original to my attention at the letterhead address. Should you have any questions regarding this offer, please contact Randy Bennett at (281) 293-9384 or the undersigned at (281) 293-8449. This offer to participate by REC is subject to REC's final management approval and shall remain open until the end of business, or 5:00 pm, on Friday, March 9, 2007, after which such time the offer will terminate. Very truly yours, /s/ W. G. Tabor W. Greg Tabor Executive Vice President AGREED TO AND ACCEPTED THIS 12th DAY OF March 2007. BY: /s/ [ILLEGIBLE SIGNATURE] -------------------------- TITLE: President --------- [SEAL OMMITED] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Party, through its duly authorized agent or representative, has executed this Agreement as of the date indicated below, but effective as of the date first above written. WITNESSES: EL PASO PRODUCTION COMPANY /s/ [ILLEGIBLE SIGNATURE] By: /s/ William M. Griffin - ------------------------- ---------------------- William M. Griffin /s/ [ILLEGIBLE SIGNATURE] Vice President - ------------------------- [SEAL OMITTED] THE HOUSTON EXPLORATION COMPANY By: - ------------------------- ---------------------- Tracy Price Senior Vice President - Land - ------------------------- CHEVRON U.S.A. INC /s/ [ILLEGIBLE SIGNATURE] By: /s/ B.G. McCloskey - ------------------------- ---------------------- B.G. McCloskey /s/ [ILLEGIBLE SIGNATURE] Assistant Secretary - ------------------------- RIDGEWOOD ENERGY CORPORATION /s/ [ILLEGIBLE SIGNATURE] BY: /s/ W. G. Tabor - ------------------------- ---------------------- W. Greg Tabor * /s/ [ILLEGIBLE SIGNATURE] Executive Vice President - ------------------------- (Signature Page for Offshore Operating Agreement covering Block 75, West Cameron Area, Lease No. OCS-G 22505, Offshore Louisiana) *Attached to and made part of that certain Offer to Participate letter dated March 7, 2007, between El Paso E&P Company, L.P., and Ridgewood Energy Corporation. 70 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Party, through its duly authorized agent or representative, has executed this Agreement as of the date indicated below, but effective as of the date first above written. WITNESSES: EL PASO PRODUCTION COMPANY By: - ------------------------- ---------------------- William M. Griffin Vice President - ------------------------- THE HOUSTON EXPLORATION COMPANY /s/ [ILLEGIBLE SIGNATURE] By: /s/ Tracy Price - ------------------------- ---------------------- Tracy Price /s/ [ILLEGIBLE SIGNATURE] Senior Vice President - Land - ------------------------- CHEVRON U.S.A. INC By: /s/ B.G. McCloskey - ------------------------- ---------------------- B.G. McCloskey Assistant Secretary - ------------------------- (Signature Page for Offshore Operating Agreement covering Block 75, West Cameron Area, Lease No. OCS-G 22505, Offshore Louisiana) 70 EX-14 10 ex14.txt Exhibit 14 THE RIDGEWOOD COMPANIES CODE OF ETHICS 1. Application and Purpose This Code of Ethics (this "Code") shall apply to all employees and officers of Ridgewood Renewable Power, LLC, Ridgewood Energy Corporation, Ridgewood Capital Management, LLC (the "Ridgewood Companies"), including employees and officers of The Ridgewood Companies affiliates and subsidiaries ("Employees"), including, but not limited to, the power trusts: Ridgewood Electric Power Trust I, Ridgewood Electric Power Trust II, Ridgewood Electric Power Trust III, Ridgewood Electric Power Trust IV, Ridgewood Electric Power Trust V, and The Ridgewood Power Growth Fund (collectively the "Power Trusts"). Every Employee must be familiar with and understand the provisions of this Code. The purpose of this Code is to promote: o Honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; o Full, fair, accurate timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that the Power Trusts file with, or submits to, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and, as to the Power Trusts and Ridgewood Companies, in other public communications; o Compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations; o The prompt internal reporting of violations of this Code; and o Accountability for adherence to this Code. 2. Honest and Ethical Conduct All Employees shall perform their duties in an honest and ethical manner. This includes: o Avoiding situations in which their personal, family or financial interests conflict with those of the Ridgewood Companies; o Refraining from engaging in any activities that compete with the Ridgewood Companies, or which may compromise its interests; o Refraining from taking any business or investment opportunity discovered in the course of employment with or service to the Ridgewood Companies that the Employee knows, or should have or has reason to know, would benefit the Ridgewood Companies, or any of them; and o Complying with all applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations. The Ridgewood Companies encourage Employees to avoid even the appearance of a conflict of interest and to raise ethical questions, dilemmas concerns or suggestions with appropriate individuals within the Ridgewood Companies, including supervisors, managers, senior management, or human resources. The Ridgewood Companies have since their inception encouraged such issues to be raised and, based upon prior experience, many, if not most, of these issues can be addressed informally, after appropriate discussion and analysis. If any Employee would feel uncomfortable in any way raising ethical issues as set forth above, or if they raise such issues and they are not resolved appropriately, then s/he should consult with the Manager of HR or the General Counsel (the "Ethics Officer(s)"). The Ethics Officer(s) will also follow the procedures described in Section 4 below. Any Employee who becomes involved in a situation that gives rise to an actual conflict of interest must promptly inform the Ethics Officer(s) of such conflict. 3. Full, Fair, Accurate, Timely and Understandable Disclosure The Ridgewood Companies are committed to ensuring that all disclosures in reports and documents that the Power Trusts file with, or submits to the SEC, as well as other public communications made by the Ridgewood Companies in general are full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable. The Ridgewood Companies' CEO and CFO ("Senior Officers") are ultimately responsible for taking all necessary steps to ensure that this occurs. All Company Employees shall take appropriate steps within their area of responsibility to ensure the same. 4. Internal Reporting of Code Violations Any Employee who in good faith believes or suspects that any portion of this Code has been violated (including any violation of Section 3 of this Code) and does not feel comfortable addressing the issue with individuals identified in Section 2 should immediately report such violation to the Ethics Officer(s). Any such report will be promptly evaluated and/or investigated. While the Ridgewood Companies strongly prefer that any individual who wishes to make such a complaint to identify him/herself (to assist in the understanding of the concerns expressed), any person may make such a complaint anonymously. Any person reporting such a violation should be prepared to provide as much detail as possible about the suspected violation, including the individuals involved, the nature of the violation, documentation of the violation, or any other information which may be helpful in the Ridgewood Companies' evaluation and, if necessary, investigation of the complaint. Prompt disclosure to the appropriate parties is vital to ensure a thorough and timely evaluation and appropriate resolution. A violation of this Code is a serious matter and could have legal implications. Allegations of such behavior are not taken lightly and should not be made to embarrass someone or put him or her in a false light. Therefore, reports of suspected violations should always be made in good faith. 5. No Retaliation. The Ridgewood Companies will not tolerate any retaliation against any person who provides information in good faith to the Ridgewood Companies or law enforcement official concerning a possible violation of any law, regulation or this Code. Any Employee who violates this rule may be subject to civil, criminal 2 and administrative penalties, as well as disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment. 6. Consequences for Non-Compliance with this Code Corrective Actions. Any violation of applicable law or any deviation from the standards embodied in this Code will result in appropriate corrective and/or disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment. Required Government Reporting. Whenever conduct occurs that requires a report to the government, the Ethics Officer(s), shall be responsible for complying with such reporting requirements. 7. Publication of this Code; Amendments and Waivers o This Code will be posted and maintained on the Company's website and posting will be disclosed in each Power Trust's Annual Report on Form 10-K. o Any amendment to or waiver of this Code with respect to a Senior Officer of the a Power Trust: o Shall be disclosed within five (5) days of such action in a filing on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission. o Shall be reported in the Power Trust's next periodic report with the SEC if not previously reported on a Form 8-K. o Records of any disclosures relating to waivers of this Code shall be retained for no less than five years. Adopted by March 1, 2004.
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