UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________to________

Commission file number: 001-35418

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		22-3536104
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
41 University Drive	Suite 202	18940
Newtown	Pennsylvania
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip code)

267-759-9000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	EPAM	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒ No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒ No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No   ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Title of Each Class	Outstanding as of October 31, 2022
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	57,513,488 shares

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	48
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	49
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION	50
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	50
Item 1A. Risk Factors	50
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	51
Item 5. Other Information	51
Item 6. Exhibits	52
SIGNATURES	53

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except par value)

	As of September 30, 2022		As of December 31, 2021
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,487,599	$	1,446,625
Trade receivables and contract assets, net of allowance of $18,666 and $5,521, respectively	917,139		768,928
Short-term investments	60,216		—
Prepaid and other current assets	63,032		53,927
Total current assets	2,527,986		2,269,480
Property and equipment, net	209,700		236,214
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	148,219		184,841
Intangible assets, net	79,220		101,143
Goodwill	505,542		530,723
Deferred tax assets	214,219		143,928
Other noncurrent assets	50,717		56,898
Total assets	$	3,735,603	$	3,523,227
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	28,288	$	24,847
Accrued compensation and benefits expenses	456,965		502,997
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	161,922		142,014
Short-term debt	7,790		16,018
Income taxes payable, current	34,390		27,440
Operating lease liabilities, current	38,602		50,104
Total current liabilities	727,957		763,420
Long-term debt	28,198		30,234
Income taxes payable, noncurrent	57,375		42,454
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	122,700		142,802
Other noncurrent liabilities	40,729		48,480
Total liabilities	976,959		1,027,390
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 160,000 shares authorized; 57,516 and 56,868 shares issued, 57,502 and 56,849 shares outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	57		57
Additional paid-in capital	801,950		711,912
Retained earnings	2,093,909		1,829,532
Treasury stock	(118)		(177)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(138,632)		(54,207)
Total EPAM Systems Inc. stockholders’ equity	2,757,166		2,487,117
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries	1,478		8,720
Total stockholders’ equity	2,758,644		2,495,837
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	3,735,603	$	3,523,227

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues	$	1,226,920	$	988,539	$	3,593,395	$	2,650,680
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	826,796		653,374		2,453,955		1,756,430
Selling, general and administrative expenses	198,021		169,498		667,825		457,797
Depreciation and amortization expense	21,876		21,543		69,126		59,804
Income from operations	180,227		144,124		402,489		376,649
Interest and other income/(loss), net	4,228		(5,325)		5,642		2,629
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	6,691		(3,441)		(102,035)		(5,835)
Income before provision for income taxes	191,146		135,358		306,096		373,443
Provision for income taxes	35,092		19,702		41,719		34,070
Net income	$	156,054	$	115,656	$	264,377	$	339,373
Net income per share:
Basic	$	2.72	$	2.04	$	4.62	$	6.01
Diluted	$	2.63	$	1.95	$	4.47	$	5.75
Shares used in calculation of net income per share:
Basic	57,420		56,649		57,194		56,429
Diluted	59,357		59,203		59,108		58,999

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income	$	156,054	$	115,656	$	264,377	$	339,373
Other comprehensive loss:
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(56,923)		(10,761)		(72,645)		(11,655)
Change in unrealized loss on hedging instruments, net of tax	(5,352)		(2,067)		(11,780)		(4,108)
Defined benefit pension plans - actuarial loss, net of tax	—		—		—		(626)
Other comprehensive loss	(62,275)		(12,828)		(84,425)		(16,389)
Comprehensive income	$	93,779	$	102,828	$	179,952	$	322,984

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(In thousands) 

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income		Non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiaries		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance, January 1, 2022	56,849	$	57	$	711,912	$	1,829,532	20	$	(177)	$	(54,207)	$	8,720	$	2,495,837
Restricted stock units vested	193	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Equity withheld for employee taxes	(67)	—		(18,376)		—		—	—		—		—		(18,376)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		22,702		—		—	—		—		—		22,702
Exercise of stock options	158	—		2,884		—		—	—		—		—		2,884
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—	—		(31,943)		—		(31,943)
Purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		(7,067)		(7,067)
Net income	—	—		—		89,719		—	—		—		—		89,719
Balance, March 31, 2022	57,133	$	57	$	719,122	$	1,919,251	20	$	(177)	$	(86,150)	$	1,653	$	2,553,756
Restricted stock units vested	24	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Equity withheld for employee taxes	(6)	—		(1,843)		—		—	—		—		—		(1,843)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		24,902		—		—	—		—		—		24,902
Exercise of stock options	147	—		6,410		—		—	—		—		—		6,410
Issuance of common stock from employee stock purchase plan	55	—		12,384		—		—	—		—		—		12,384
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—	—		9,793		—		9,793
Net income	—	—		—		18,604		—	—		—		—		18,604
Balance, June 30, 2022	57,353	$	57	$	760,975	$	1,937,855	20	$	(177)	$	(76,357)	$	1,653	$	2,624,006
Restricted stock units vested	8	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Equity withheld for employee taxes	(2)	—		(837)		—		—	—		—		—		(837)
Stock issued in connection with Other 2021 acquisitions (Note 3)	6	—		1,941		—		(6)	59		—		—		2,000
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		30,597		—		—	—		—		—		30,597
Exercise of stock options	137	—		9,223		—		—	—		—		—		9,223
Purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest	—	—		51		—		—	—		—		(248)		(197)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—	—		—		73		73
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—	—		(62,275)		—		(62,275)
Net income	—	—		—		156,054		—	—		—		—		156,054
Balance, September 30, 2022	57,502	$	57	$	801,950	$	2,093,909	14	$	(118)	$	(138,632)	$	1,478	$	2,758,644

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	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income		Non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiaries		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount
Balance, January 1, 2021	56,108	$	56	$	660,771	$	1,347,880	20	$	(177)	$	(25,512)	$	—	$	1,983,018
Restricted stock units vested	248	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Equity withheld for employee taxes	(84)	—		(31,935)		—		—	—		—		—		(31,935)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		14,624		—		—	—		—		—		14,624
Exercise of stock options	109	—		4,424		—		—	—		—		—		4,424
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—	—		(15,238)		—		(15,238)
Net income	—	—		—		109,046		—	—		—		—		109,046
Balance, March 31, 2021	56,381	$	56	$	647,884	$	1,456,926	20	$	(177)	$	(40,750)	$	—	$	2,063,939
Restricted stock units vested	19	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Equity withheld for employee taxes	(6)	—		(2,631)		—		—	—		—		—		(2,631)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		13,792		—		—	—		—		—		13,792
Exercise of stock options	219	1		11,219		—		—	—		—		—		11,220
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—	—		11,677		—		11,677
Net income	—	—		—		114,671		—	—		—		—		114,671
Balance, June 30, 2021	56,613	$	57	$	670,264	$	1,571,597	20	$	(177)	$	(29,073)	$	—	$	2,212,668
Restricted stock units vested	6	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Equity withheld for employee taxes	(2)	—		(1,368)		—		—	—		—		—		(1,368)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		20,541		—		—	—		—		—		20,541
Exercise of stock options	91	—		4,450		—		—	—		—		—		4,450
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		—	—		(12,828)		—		(12,828)
Net income	—	—		—		115,656		—	—		—		—		115,656
Balance, September 30, 2021	56,708	$	57	$	693,887	$	1,687,253	20	$	(177)	$	(41,901)	$	—	$	2,339,119

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	264,377	$	339,373
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	69,126		59,804
Operating lease right-of-use assets amortization expense	37,336		46,693
Bad debt expense	12,888		2,573
Deferred taxes	(54,851)		(6,948)
Stock-based compensation expense	68,292		77,638
Unrealized loss on derivative	20,469		—
Impairment charges	21,212		—
Other	63,914		4,312
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Trade receivables and contract assets	(196,675)		(232,710)
Prepaid and other assets	(7,787)		(8,768)
Accounts payable	8,769		(6,468)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(7,100)		86,822
Operating lease liabilities	(41,395)		(48,158)
Income taxes payable	19,460		(26,450)
Net cash provided by operating activities	278,035		287,713
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(60,134)		(54,884)
Purchases of short-term investments	(60,000)		—
Proceeds from short-term investments	—		60,000
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired (Note 3)	(10,530)		(160,964)
Purchases of non-marketable securities	(1,625)		(2,544)
Other investing activities, net	(19,499)		(100)
Net cash used in investing activities	(151,788)		(158,492)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of stock under the employee incentive programs	31,368		20,176
Payments of withholding taxes related to net share settlements of restricted stock units	(22,101)		(34,108)
Proceeds from debt	4,114		—
Repayment of debt	(11,542)		—
Payment of contingent consideration for previously acquired business	(6,626)		(797)
Purchase of noncontrolling interest	(2,254)		—
Other financing activities, net	(3,025)		231
Net cash used in financing activities	(10,066)		(14,498)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(75,876)		(12,691)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	40,305		102,032
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	1,449,347		1,323,533
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	1,489,652	$	1,425,565

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EPAM SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

(Continued)

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of September 30, 2022		As of December 31, 2021
Balance sheet classification
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,487,599	$	1,446,625
Restricted cash in Prepaid and other current assets	201		495
Restricted cash in Other noncurrent assets	1,852		2,227
Total restricted cash	$	2,053	$	2,722
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	1,489,652	$	1,449,347

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data and as otherwise disclosed) 

1.BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES    

EPAM Systems, Inc. (the “Company” or “EPAM”) is a leading digital transformation services and product engineering company, providing digital platform engineering and software development services to customers located around the world, primarily in North America, Europe, and Asia. The Company’s industry expertise includes financial services, travel and consumer, software and hi-tech, business information and media, life sciences and healthcare, as well as several other industries. The Company is incorporated in Delaware with headquarters in Newtown, Pennsylvania.

Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of EPAM have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP” or “U.S. GAAP”) and Article 10 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of EPAM Systems, Inc. and its subsidiaries with all intercompany balances and transactions eliminated.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Operating results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected to occur for the entire year. In management’s opinion, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2022 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods presented.

Risks and Uncertainties — As a result of its global operations, the Company may be subject to certain inherent risks.

Concentration of Credit — Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and trade receivables. The Company maintains cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments with financial institutions. The Company believes its credit policies reflect normal industry terms and business risk and there is no expectation of non-performance by the counterparties.

The Company has cash in several countries, including Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, which have been impacted by the invasion of Ukraine (see Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine”) and where the banking sector remains subject to periodic instability, banking and other financial systems generally do not meet the banking standards of more developed markets, and bank deposits made by corporate entities are not insured. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had $63.8 million of cash and cash equivalents in banks in Ukraine, $45.4 million of cash and cash equivalents in banks in Belarus, and $33.1 million of cash and cash equivalents in banks in Russia. Cash in these countries is used for the operational needs of the local entities and cash balances change with the expected operating needs of these entities. The Company regularly monitors cash held in these countries and, to the extent the cash held exceeds amounts required to support its operations in these countries, the Company distributes the excess funds into markets with more developed banking sectors to the extent it is possible to do so. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions considered stable in the region, limits the amount of credit exposure with any one financial institution and conducts ongoing evaluations of the credit worthiness of the financial institutions with which it does business. However, a banking crisis, bankruptcy or insolvency of banks that process or hold the Company’s funds, or sanctions may result in the loss of deposits or adversely affect the Company’s ability to complete banking transactions, which could adversely affect the Company’s business and financial condition.

Trade receivables are generally dispersed across many customers operating in different industries; therefore, concentration of credit risk is limited. Historically, credit losses and write-offs of trade receivables have not been material to the consolidated financial statements. If any of our customers enter bankruptcy protection or otherwise take steps to alleviate their financial distress, the Company’s credit losses and write-offs of trade receivables could increase, which would negatively impact its results of operations. See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for further discussion regarding trade receivables and contract assets from customers located in Russia.

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Foreign currency risk — The Company’s global operations are conducted predominantly in U.S. dollars. Other than U.S. dollars, the Company generates revenues in various currencies, principally, euros, British pounds, Swiss francs, Canadian dollars and Russian rubles and incurs expenditures principally in euros, Polish zlotys, Indian rupees, British pounds, Swiss francs, Hungarian forints, Mexican pesos, Colombian pesos, Canadian dollars, Chinese yuan renminbi and Russian rubles. The Company’s international operations expose it to risk of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates through the remeasurement of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities (both third-party and intercompany) and translation of earnings and cash flows into U.S. dollars. The Company has a hedging program whereby it enters into a series of foreign exchange forward contracts with durations of twelve months or less that are designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted Polish zloty, Indian rupee and Hungarian forint transactions. See Note 6, “Derivative Financial Instruments” for further discussion regarding the Company’s termination of the hedging program for the Russian ruble.

Interest rate risk — The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk is influenced by the changes in interest rates received on cash and cash equivalent deposits and short-term investments and paid on any outstanding balance on the Company’s borrowings, mainly under the 2021 Credit Agreement, which is subject to a variety of rates depending on the type and timing of funds borrowed (See Note 8 “Debt”). The Company does not believe it is exposed to material direct risks associated with changes in interest rates related to these deposits and borrowings.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

There were no recently adopted accounting standards which had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows.

Pending Accounting Standards

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that the Company will adopt according to the various timetables the FASB specifies. The Company believes the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows upon adoption.

2.     IMPACT OF THE INVASION OF UKRAINE

On February 24, 2022, Russian forces attacked Ukraine and its people and EPAM has repeatedly called for an immediate end to this unlawful and unconscionable attack. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had $71.2 million of Property and equipment, net in Ukraine consisting of a building classified as construction-in-progress located in Kyiv with a net book value of $51.2 million, laptops with a net book value of $12.7 million, most of which are in the possession of employees, various office furniture, equipment and supplies with a net book value of $5.9 million, and leasehold improvements located throughout Ukraine with a net book value of $1.4 million. Additionally, as of September 30, 2022, the Company had Operating lease right-of-use assets located throughout Ukraine with a net book value of $14.4 million. Through the issuance date of these interim financial statements, the Company is not aware of any damage to its long-lived assets in Ukraine and the Company expects to continue to use these assets as part of its global delivery model.

On March 4, 2022, the Company announced a $100.0 million humanitarian commitment to support its employees and their families in and displaced from Ukraine. This humanitarian commitment is in addition to donations from EPAM's customers and employees and the work of EPAM volunteers on the ground. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company expensed $4.5 million and $38.5 million, respectively, related to this commitment, which included special cash payments to support impacted employees, financial and medical support for impacted families, travel, meals and lodging expenses, and donations to third-party humanitarian organizations. Of the expensed amount for the three months ended September 30, 2022, $2.9 million is classified in Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) and $1.6 million is classified in Selling, general and administrative expense on the condensed consolidated financial statements. Of the expensed amount for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, $25.3 million is classified in Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) and $13.2 million is classified in Selling, general and administrative expense on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The Company executed its business continuity plans following the invasion to assist relocating employees residing in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia to other countries and to assign delivery personnel in locations outside of the region to serve in unbilled standby or backup capacities to ensure the continuity of delivery for its customers who have substantial delivery exposure to Ukraine or other delivery concerns resulting from the invasion and ongoing war. In addition to costs incurred as part of EPAM’s humanitarian commitment to Ukraine, during the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred expenses of $4.4 million related to its geographic repositioning efforts, classified as Selling, general and administrative expenses and $1.0 million related to these standby resources, classified as Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred expenses of $37.5 million related to its geographic repositioning efforts, classified as Selling, general and administrative expenses and $12.9 million related to these standby resources, classified as Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company also recorded an impairment charge of $1.3 million, classified as Other income/(expense) related to a financial asset in Ukraine which the Company believed to be unrealizable due to the events in Ukraine.

In response to the attacks on Ukraine, EPAM announced on March 4, 2022, it would discontinue services to customers located in Russia. Based on this change in facts and circumstances, the long-term cash flow forecast for the Company’s operations in Russia and its Russia reporting unit were significantly reduced. The reduction in the long-term cash flow forecasts indicated that the carrying amounts of goodwill and long-lived assets associated with the Company’s Russia reporting unit and operations in Russia may not be recoverable, and the carrying value of these assets was tested for impairment. The Company relied on the income approach to estimate the fair values of the Russia reporting unit and long-lived assets and considered multiple scenarios including the continuing operation and exit of operations in Russia. Reflecting the negative long-term cash flow forecasts that each of these scenarios produced for these assets, during the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded impairments of Property and equipment, net of $15.1 million, Operating lease right-of-use assets, net of $3.8 million, and Goodwill of $0.7 million. These asset impairment charges are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Additionally, the Company evaluated trade receivables and contract assets for estimated future credit losses from customers located in Russia and recorded net bad debt expense of $5.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, reflecting the deterioration of creditworthiness of its customers in Russia. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded a benefit to bad debt expense of $2.5 million reflecting better than previously expected credit collections from customers located in Russia. Bad debt expense/(benefit) is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

On April 7, 2022, the Company announced that it would begin the process of a phased exit of its operations in Russia, to be completed in the months following the announcement and in close collaboration with the Company’s employees, contractors, and customers. In connection with the ongoing phased exit of its operations in Russia, the Company incurred employee separation costs of $0.7 million and $16.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

On September 7, 2022, the Company executed an agreement to sell substantially all of its remaining holdings in Russia to a third party. The timing and completion of the sale is subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals by the Russian government. Due to the significant uncertainty of obtaining the necessary regulatory approvals, the Company does not believe a sale was probable to be completed as of September 30, 2022 and has not reported the assets and liabilities to be sold as held for sale in its condensed consolidated balance sheet.

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had the following assets and liabilities in Russia:

Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,117
Trade receivables and contract assets, net of allowance of $7,094	8,878
Prepaid and other current assets	914
Total assets in Russia	$	42,909
Accounts payable	$	1,091
Accrued compensation and benefits expenses	5,782
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	2,357
Operating lease liabilities	724
Other noncurrent liabilities	794
Total liabilities in Russia	$	10,748

    

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If the contracted transaction had closed as of September 30, 2022, the Company would have recorded an immaterial gain, after consideration of amounts to be transferred to settle intercompany receivables and payables and recognition of the accumulated currency translation adjustment currently included in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss). The Company could incur additional significant charges in the future related to the exit of its operations in Russia including, but not limited to, additional restructuring costs and loss on sale, which could be impacted by amounts transferred to settle intercompany receivables and payables and the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the recognition of the Accumulated currency translation adjustment currently included in Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

3.ACQUISITIONS

PolSource — On April 2, 2021, the Company acquired 100% of PolSource S.A. and its subsidiaries (“PolSource”), a Salesforce Platinum Consulting Partner with more than 350 experienced Salesforce specialists for a purchase price of $148.2 million including contingent consideration with an acquisition-date fair value of $35.4 million. At the time of the acquisition, the Company committed to paying up to $45.0 million in contingent consideration, subject to attainment of certain revenue, earnings and operational targets.

CORE — On July 23, 2021, the Company acquired 100% of CORE SE and its subsidiaries (“CORE”), a professional service provider specializing in IT strategy and technology-driven transformations with office locations in Europe and the Middle East for a purchase price of $50.2 million including contingent consideration with an acquisition-date fair value of $4.0 million and deferred consideration of $7.8 million. The Company could pay up to $8.1 million in contingent consideration and the actual future payout is subject to attainment of certain revenue, earnings and operational targets.

Emakina — On November 3, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of 98.69% of Emakina Group SA and its subsidiaries (“Emakina”), a group of independent digital agencies, for a purchase price of $143.4 million in cash. On November 30, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of the remaining 1.31% of Emakina Group SA’s outstanding shares for a purchase price of $1.7 million in cash.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of each respective acquisition and updated for any changes as of September 30, 2022:

	PolSource		CORE		Emakina
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,565	$	11,283	$	5,142
Trade receivables and contract assets	12,734		10,266		34,389
Prepaid and other current assets	814		5,430		3,109
Goodwill	125,265		24,194		137,037
Intangible assets	15,790		8,368		30,488
Property and equipment and other noncurrent assets	461		4,585		17,569
Total assets acquired	$	157,629	$	64,126	$	227,734
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	5,337	$	9,336	$	36,411
Short-term debt	—		—		13,657
Long-term debt	—		—		8,874
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	157		2,056		5,541
Other noncurrent liabilities	3,963		2,525		8,764
Total liabilities assumed	$	9,457	$	13,917	$	73,247
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries	—		—		10,469
Net assets acquired	$	148,172	$	50,209	$	144,018

As of June 30, 2022, the Company has completed the purchase price allocation for the acquisition of PolSource and the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been finalized. The effect of adjustments recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 that would have been recognized in a prior period if the adjustment to the preliminary amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date of PolSource was not material.

As of September 30, 2022, the Company has completed the purchase price allocation for the acquisition of CORE and the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been finalized. The effect of adjustments recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 that would have been recognized in a prior period if the adjustment to the preliminary amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date of CORE was not material.

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For the acquisition of Emakina, the estimated fair values of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interest are provisional and based on the information that was available as of the acquisition date. The Company expects to complete the purchase price allocations as soon as practicable but no later than one year from the acquisition date. The effect of adjustments recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 that would have been recognized in a prior period if the adjustment to the preliminary amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date of Emakina was not material.        

Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of these acquisitions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements was not material individually or in the aggregate.    

As of September 30, 2022, the following table presents the estimated fair values and useful lives of intangible assets acquired from PolSource, CORE and Emakina:

	PolSource			CORE			Emakina
	Weighted Average Useful Life (in years)	Amount		Weighted Average Useful Life (in years)	Amount		Weighted Average Useful Life (in years)	Amount
Customer relationships	6	$	14,790	6	$	7,779	7	$	27,822
Trade names	3	1,000		5	589		3	2,666
Total		$	15,790		$	8,368		$	30,488

The goodwill recognized as a result of the PolSource acquisition is attributable to synergies expected to be achieved by combining the businesses of EPAM and PolSource, expected future contracts, the assembled workforce acquired and other factors. The goodwill recognized as a result of the CORE acquisition is attributable to synergies expected to be achieved by expanding the Company’s ability to support customers as a strategic consultant in Europe and the Middle East, expected future contracts, the assembled workforce acquired and other factors. The goodwill recognized as a result of the Emakina acquisition is attributable to synergies expected to be achieved by enhancing EPAM’s digital experience practice as well as augmenting offerings in digital design and engineering capabilities, expected future contracts, the assembled workforce and other factors.

The goodwill acquired as a result of the PolSource, CORE and Emakina acquisitions is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

Other 2021 Acquisitions — During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed four additional acquisitions with an aggregate purchase price of $65.2 million including contingent consideration with an acquisition-date fair value of $17.6 million. The Company could pay up to $30.2 million in contingent consideration and the actual future payouts are subject to attainment of specified performance targets during the periods ranging from 12 months to 48 months after the respective acquisition dates. These acquisitions increased EPAM’s e-platform offerings and expanded the Company’s geographical reach as well as added $14.1 million in intangible assets, consisting mainly of customer relationships. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of these acquisitions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements was not material individually or in the aggregate.

2022 Acquisitions — During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company completed two acquisitions with a total purchase price of $13.6 million including contingent consideration with total acquisition-date fair value of $2.6 million. These acquisitions expanded EPAM’s capabilities to deliver end-to-end solutions for designing and building sophisticated commerce platforms, provided opportunities for geographic expansion as well as added $3.4 million of intangible assets, consisting of customer relationships. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of these acquisitions on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements was not material individually or in the aggregate.

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4.GOODWILL

Goodwill by reportable segment was as follows:

	North America		Europe		Russia		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2022	$	217,594	$	312,413	$	716	$	530,723
CORE acquisition purchase accounting adjustment	—		959		—		959
Emakina acquisition purchase accounting adjustment	—		423		—		423
PolSource acquisition purchase accounting adjustment	(44)		(30)		—		(74)
Other 2021 acquisitions purchase accounting adjustment	(20)		519		—		499
2022 acquisitions	—		10,316		—		10,316
Goodwill impairment	—		—		(686)		(686)
Effect of net foreign currency exchange rate changes	(1,233)		(35,355)		(30)		(36,618)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	216,297	$	289,245	$	—	$	505,542

See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for more information regarding the goodwill impairment recorded in the Russia segment during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The Russia segment had accumulated goodwill impairment losses of $2.9 million and $2.2 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. There were no accumulated impairment losses in the North America or Europe reportable segments as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

5.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company carries certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following tables present the fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	As of September 30, 2022
	Balance		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Rights to acquire noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries	$	882	$	—	$	—	$	882
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	882	$	—	$	—	$	882
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities	$	40,129	$	—	$	40,129	$	—
Contingent consideration	20,852		—		—		20,852
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	60,981	$	—	$	40,129	$	20,852

	As of December 31, 2021
	Balance		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Foreign exchange derivative assets	$	1,429	$	—	$	1,429	$	—
Rights to acquire noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries	6,093		—		—		6,093
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	7,522	$	—	$	1,429	$	6,093
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities	$	5,849	$	—	$	5,849	$	—
Contingent consideration	23,114		—		—		23,114
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	28,963	$	—	$	5,849	$	23,114

The foreign exchange derivatives are valued using pricing models and discounted cash flow methodologies based on observable foreign exchange data at the measurement date. See Note 6 “Derivative Financial Instruments” in the condensed consolidated interim financial statements for additional information regarding derivative financial instruments.

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As part of the acquisition of Emakina, the Company acquired rights to purchase certain noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries of Emakina in exchange for future cash payments determined by the future profitability of certain subsidiaries. The Company determines the fair value of these rights by (i) estimating the fair value of the noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries by applying an EBITDA multiple adjusted for a lack of control and marketability, less (ii) the fair value of expected future payments to settle the related contractual obligations. The Company purchased the majority of the noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

The Company determines the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities using Monte Carlo simulations or probability-weighted expected return methods. The fair value of the contingent consideration for the PolSource acquisition attributable to future revenues and earnings was measured utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation, based on future revenue and earnings projections of the business, revenue volatility and asset volatility of comparable companies, and a discount rate. The discount rate used to determine the fair value of this contingent consideration was 0.4% as of the acquisition date. The fair value of the contingent consideration for the PolSource acquisition attributable to future operating metrics was measured using a probability-weighted expected return method, based on the expected future payments using the earnout formula and performance targets specified in the purchase agreement and adjusting those estimates to reflect the probability of their achievement. The weighted-average estimated future payments were then discounted to present value using a rate based on EPAM’s cost of debt. The discount rate used to determine the fair value of this contingent consideration was 0.4% as of the acquisition date.

The fair value of the contingent consideration for all other acquisitions was determined using a probability-weighted expected return method and is based on the expected future payments to be made to the sellers of the acquired businesses in accordance with the provisions outlined in the respective purchase agreements. Although there is significant judgment involved, the Company believes its estimates and assumptions are reasonable. In determining fair value, the Company considered a variety of factors, including future performance of the acquired businesses using financial projections developed by the Company and market risk assumptions that were derived for revenue growth and earnings before interest and taxes. The Company estimated future payments using the earnout formula and performance targets specified in the purchase agreements and adjusted those estimates to reflect the probability of their achievement. Those weighted-average estimated future payments were then discounted to present value using a rate based on the weighted-average cost of capital of guideline companies. The discount rate used to determine the fair value of contingent consideration for the 2022 Acquisitions ranged from a minimum of 13.0% to a maximum of 15.0%. The discount rate used to determine the fair value of contingent consideration for the CORE acquisition was 13.0%. The discount rates used to determine the fair value of contingent consideration for the Other 2021 Acquisitions ranged from a minimum of 15.0% to a maximum of 22.0%. Changes in financial projections, market risk assumptions, discount rates or probability assumptions related to achieving the various earnout criteria would result in a change in the fair value of the recorded contingent liabilities. Such changes, if any, are recorded within Interest and other income/(loss), net in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of Level 3 acquisition-related contingent consideration using significant unobservable inputs for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is as follows:

	Amount
Contingent consideration liabilities as of January 1, 2022	$	23,114
Acquisition date fair value of contractual contingent liabilities - 2022 Acquisitions	2,645
Changes in fair value of contingent consideration included in Interest and other income/(loss), net	8,520
Payment of contingent consideration for previously acquired businesses	(11,328)
Effect of net foreign currency exchange rate changes	(2,099)
Contingent consideration liabilities as of September 30, 2022	$	20,852

See Note 2, “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for discussion of the nonrecurring level 3 fair value assessment used in the impairment tests of long-lived assets in Russia.

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Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Estimates of fair value of financial instruments not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets are generally subjective in nature and are determined as of a specific point in time based on the characteristics of the financial instruments and relevant market information. The generally short maturities of certain assets and liabilities result in a number of assets and liabilities for which fair value equals or closely approximates the amount recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following tables present the estimated fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated:

					Fair Value Hierarchy
	Balance		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2022
Financial Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	262,515	$	262,515	$	262,515	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents	$	262,515	$	262,515	$	262,515	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash	$	2,053	$	2,053	$	2,053	$	—	$	—
Time deposits included in Short-term investments	$	60,216	$	60,216	$	—	$	60,216	$	—
Employee loans	$	2,820	$	2,820	$	—	$	—	$	2,820
Financial Liabilities:
Short-term debt	$	6,139	$	6,139	$	—	$	6,139	$	—
Borrowings under the 2021 Credit Agreement	$	25,000	$	25,000	$	—	$	25,000	$	—
Other long-term debt	$	4,849	$	4,849	$	—	$	4,849	$	—

					Fair Value Hierarchy
	Balance		Estimated Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2021
Financial Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	78,302	$	78,302	$	78,302	$	—	$	—
Total cash equivalents	$	78,302	$	78,302	$	78,302	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash	$	2,722	$	2,722	$	2,722	$	—	$	—
Employee loans	$	818	$	818	$	—	$	—	$	818
Financial Liabilities:
Short-term debt	$	16,018	$	16,018	$	—	$	16,018	$	—
Borrowings under the 2021 Credit Agreement	$	25,000	$	25,000	$	—	$	25,000	$	—
Other long-term debt	$	5,234	$	5,234	$	—	$	5,234	$	—

Non-Marketable Securities Without Readily Determinable Fair Values

The Company holds investments in equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values. These investments are recorded at cost and are remeasured to fair value based on certain observable price changes or impairment events as they occur. The carrying amount of these investments was $29.2 million and $27.5 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and is classified as Other noncurrent assets in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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6.DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

In the normal course of business, the Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company has a hedging program whereby it enters into a series of foreign exchange forward contracts with durations of twelve months or less that are designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted, Polish zloty, Hungarian forint and Indian rupee transactions.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, in response to the invasion of Ukraine, the Company de-designated its Russian ruble foreign exchange forward contracts as hedges and entered into offsetting foreign exchange forward contracts with the same counterparty. The Company determined it was probable the underlying forecasted foreign currency transactions which were hedged would not occur and reclassified the accumulated loss of $43.9 million on the underlying hedges into income which is classified as foreign exchange loss in the condensed consolidated statement of income.

As of September 30, 2022, all of the Company’s foreign exchange forward contracts, except the Russian ruble foreign exchange forward contracts, were designated as hedges and there is no financial collateral (including cash collateral) required to be posted by the Company related to the foreign exchange forward contracts.

The fair value of derivative instruments on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

		As of September 30, 2022				As of December 31, 2021
	Balance Sheet Classification	Asset Derivatives		Liability Derivatives		Asset Derivatives		Liability Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts - Designated as hedging instruments	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	—			$	1,429
	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			$	19,660			$	5,849
Foreign exchange forward contracts - Not designated as hedging instruments	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			$	20,469			$	—

7.LEASES

The Company leases office space, corporate apartments, office equipment, and vehicles. Many of the Company’s leases contain variable payments including changes in base rent and charges for common area maintenance or other miscellaneous expenses. Due to this variability, the cash flows associated with these variable payments are not included in the minimum lease payments used in determining the right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for such payments is incurred. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 0.1 to 9.3 years. Certain lease agreements, mainly for office space, include options to extend or terminate the lease before the expiration date. The Company considers such options when determining the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company leases and subleases a portion of its office space to third parties. Lease income and sublease income were immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for discussion of impairment of right-of-use assets in Russia.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the components of lease expense were as follows:

		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Income Statement Classification	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	12,204	$	16,431	$	40,303	$	50,932
Variable lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses	2,263		2,247		7,791		6,163
Short-term lease cost	Selling, general and administrative expenses	916		653		3,382		1,167
Total lease cost		$	15,383	$	19,331	$	51,476	$	58,262

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Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows used for operating leases	$	13,024	$	16,865	$	43,490	$	52,284
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	6,111	$	6,981	$	30,843	$	8,658
Non-cash net increase/(decrease) due to lease modifications:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	3,260	$	8,184	$	(2,587)	$	6,305
Operating lease liabilities	$	3,163	$	8,184	$	(3,946)	$	6,305

Weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

	As of September 30, 2022		As of September 30, 2021
Weighted average remaining lease term, in years:
Operating leases	5.5		5.6
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases	2.4	%	2.6	%

As of September 30, 2022, operating lease liabilities will mature as follows:

Year ending December 31,	Lease Payments
2022 (excluding nine months ended September 30, 2022)	$	10,416
2023	40,949
2024	33,962
2025	26,472
2026	20,630
Thereafter	38,854
Total lease payments	171,283
Less: imputed interest	(9,981)
Total	$	161,302

The Company had committed to payments of $17.9 million related to operating lease agreements that had not yet commenced as of September 30, 2022. These operating leases will commence on various dates during 2022 and 2023 with lease terms ranging from 0.3 to 10.0 years. The Company did not have any material finance lease agreements that had not yet commenced.

8.DEBT

Revolving Credit Facility — On October 21, 2021, the Company replaced its 2017 credit facility with a new unsecured credit agreement (the “2021 Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, National Association; PNC Capital Markets LLC; Citibank N.A.; Wells Fargo Bank, National Association; Santander Bank, N.A.; and Raiffeisen Bank International AG (collectively the “Lenders”). The 2021 Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility (the “2021 Revolving Facility”) with a borrowing capacity of $700.0 million, with the potential to increase the borrowing capacity up to $1,000.0 million if certain conditions are met. The 2021 Credit Agreement matures on October 21, 2026.

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Borrowings under the 2021 Revolving Facility may be denominated in U.S. dollars or up to a maximum of $150.0 million equivalent in British pounds sterling, Canadian dollars, euros or Swiss francs and other currencies as may be approved by the administrative agent and the Lenders. Borrowings under the 2021 Revolving Facility bear interest at either a base rate or Euro-rate plus a margin based on the Company’s leverage ratio. The base rate is equal to the highest of (a) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate, plus 0.5%, (b) the Prime Rate, or (c) the Daily LIBOR Rate, plus 1.0%, so long as the Daily LIBOR Rate is offered, ascertainable and not unlawful.

The 2021 Credit Agreement includes customary business and financial covenants that may restrict the Company’s ability to make or pay dividends (other than certain intercompany dividends) if a potential or an actual event of default has occurred or would be triggered. As of September 30, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants contained in the 2021 Credit Agreement.

The following table presents the outstanding debt and borrowing capacity of the Company under the 2021 Credit Agreement:

	As of September 30, 2022			As of December 31, 2021
Outstanding debt	$	25,000		$	25,000
Interest rate	3.9		%	1.0		%
Available borrowing capacity	$	675,000		$	675,000
Maximum borrowing capacity	$	700,000		$	700,000

Other Debt - On November 3, 2021, in connection with the acquisition of Emakina, the Company assumed the debt obligations of the acquired companies. As of September 30, 2022, debt that matures within one year is classified as Short-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and consists of multiple bank loans and credit lines totaling $7.8 million that bear a weighted-average interest rate of 1.7%. As of September 30, 2022, debt that matures in more than one year and through 2027 is classified as Long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and consists of multiple bank loans and credit lines totaling $3.2 million that bear interest at a weighted-average interest rate of 1.2%. Some of this debt is secured by assets of Emakina. Some of the debt agreements contain covenants and as of September 30, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all those covenants.

9.REVENUES

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables present the disaggregation of the Company’s revenues by customer location, including a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues with the reportable segments (Note 14 “Segment Information”) for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Customer Locations
Americas	$	723,015	$	23,575	$	501	$	747,091
EMEA	22,621		415,595		—		438,216
APAC	1,237		30,139		—		31,376
CEE	1,510		700		8,027		10,237
Revenues	$	748,383	$	470,009	$	8,528	$	1,226,920

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Customer Locations
Americas	$	2,080,752	$	72,351	$	2,393	$	2,155,496
EMEA	70,909		1,212,144		99		1,283,152
APAC	2,813		88,321		—		91,134
CEE	5,277		1,107		57,229		63,613
Revenues	$	2,159,751	$	1,373,923	$	59,721	$	3,593,395

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Customer Locations
Americas	$	569,331	$	20,959	$	1,078	$	591,368
EMEA	21,968		301,736		103		323,807
APAC	1,001		27,385		—		28,386
CEE	1,562		—		43,416		44,978
Revenues	$	593,862	$	350,080	$	44,597	$	988,539

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Customer Locations
Americas	$	1,532,428	$	53,658	$	3,001	$	1,589,087
EMEA	61,338		812,886		236		874,460
APAC	2,143		72,175		—		74,318
CEE	4,828		14		107,973		112,815
Revenues	$	1,600,737	$	938,733	$	111,210	$	2,650,680

The following tables present the disaggregation of the Company’s revenues by industry vertical, including a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues with the reportable segments (Note 14 “Segment Information”) for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Industry Verticals
Travel & Consumer	$	131,181	$	147,271	$	1,950	$	280,402
Financial Services	134,673		115,372		4,741		254,786
Business Information & Media	121,703		87,028		167		208,898
Software & Hi-Tech	170,818		34,513		59		205,390
Life Sciences & Healthcare	116,878		12,569		228		129,675
Emerging Verticals	73,130		73,256		1,383		147,769
Revenues	$	748,383	$	470,009	$	8,528	$	1,226,920

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Industry Verticals
Travel & Consumer	$	384,360	$	424,140	$	13,539	$	822,039
Financial Services	381,887		345,468		38,477		765,832
Business Information & Media	346,675		253,610		786		601,071
Software & Hi-Tech	488,134		100,814		1,248		590,196
Life Sciences & Healthcare	344,148		37,378		444		381,970
Emerging Verticals	214,547		212,513		5,227		432,287
Revenues	$	2,159,751	$	1,373,923	$	59,721	$	3,593,395

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Industry Verticals
Travel & Consumer	$	98,494	$	91,197	$	7,875	$	197,566
Financial Services	100,631		98,711		31,542		230,884
Business Information & Media	100,536		71,953		500		172,989
Software & Hi-Tech	146,532		27,103		662		174,297
Life Sciences & Healthcare	85,534		10,374		155		96,063
Emerging Verticals	62,135		50,742		3,863		116,740
Revenues	$	593,862	$	350,080	$	44,597	$	988,539

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Industry Verticals
Travel & Consumer	$	252,998	$	235,552	$	19,572	$	508,122
Financial Services	253,713		262,716		77,251		593,680
Business Information & Media	280,120		197,142		1,323		478,585
Software & Hi-Tech	406,756		72,010		1,757		480,523
Life Sciences & Healthcare	241,835		36,505		534		278,874
Emerging Verticals	165,315		134,808		10,773		310,896
Revenues	$	1,600,737	$	938,733	$	111,210	$	2,650,680

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The following tables present the disaggregation of the Company’s revenues by contract type including a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues with the Company’s reportable segments (Note 14 “Segment Information”) for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Contract Types
Time-and-material	$	673,927	$	405,030	$	5,887	$	1,084,844
Fixed-price	69,565		64,426		2,424		136,415
Licensing and other revenues	4,891		553		217		5,661
Revenues	$	748,383	$	470,009	$	8,528	$	1,226,920

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Contract Types
Time-and-material	$	1,955,361	$	1,172,981	$	39,226	$	3,167,568
Fixed-price	192,322		198,641		20,195		411,158
Licensing and other revenues	12,068		2,301		300		14,669
Revenues	$	2,159,751	$	1,373,923	$	59,721	$	3,593,395

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Contract Types
Time-and-material	$	525,372	$	303,521	$	22,717	$	851,610
Fixed-price	64,510		46,070		21,835		132,415
Licensing and other revenues	3,980		489		45		4,514
Revenues	$	593,862	$	350,080	$	44,597	$	988,539

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Contract Types
Time-and-material	$	1,409,463	$	803,282	$	56,383	$	2,269,128
Fixed-price	178,908		133,888		54,651		367,447
Licensing and other revenues	12,366		1,563		176		14,105
Revenues	$	1,600,737	$	938,733	$	111,210	$	2,650,680

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Timing of Revenue Recognition

The following tables present the timing of revenue recognition reconciled with the Company’s reportable segments (Note 14 “Segment Information”) for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Transferred over time	$	746,352	$	468,118	$	8,316	$	1,222,786
Transferred at a point of time	2,031		1,891		212		4,134
Revenues	$	748,383	$	470,009	$	8,528	$	1,226,920

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Transferred over time	$	2,153,772	$	1,371,390	$	59,447	$	3,584,609
Transferred at a point of time	5,979		2,533		274		8,786
Revenues	$	2,159,751	$	1,373,923	$	59,721	$	3,593,395

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Transferred over time	$	591,477	$	349,984	$	44,567	$	986,028
Transferred at a point of time	2,385		96		30		2,511
Revenues	$	593,862	$	350,080	$	44,597	$	988,539

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Reportable Segments
	North America		Europe		Russia		Consolidated Revenues
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Transferred over time	$	1,593,081	$	938,555	$	111,127	$	2,642,763
Transferred at a point of time	7,656		178		83		7,917
Revenues	$	1,600,737	$	938,733	$	111,210	$	2,650,680

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $12.3 million and $7.2 million, respectively, of revenues from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods compared to $13.3 million and $18.0 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

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The following table includes the estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are partially or fully unsatisfied as of September 30, 2022. The Company applies a practical expedient and does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts (i) that have an original expected duration of one year or less and (ii) for which it recognizes revenues at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services provided.

	Less than 1 year		1 Year		2 Years		3 Years		Total
Contract Type
Fixed-price	$	7,309	$	2,064	$	1,791	$	448	$	11,612

The Company applies a practical expedient and does not disclose the amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations nor provide an explanation of when the Company expects to recognize that amount as revenue for certain variable consideration.

Contract Balances

The following table provides information on the classification of contract assets and liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of September 30, 2022		As of December 31, 2021
Contract assets included in Trade receivables and contract assets, net	$	20,204	$	13,798
Contract liabilities included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	25,748	$	39,810
Contract liabilities included in Other noncurrent liabilities	$	109	$	84

Contract assets comprise amounts where the Company’s right to bill is contingent on something other than the passage of time such as achievement of contractual milestones. Contract assets have increased since December 31, 2021 primarily due to contracts where the Company’s right to bill is contingent upon achievement of contractual milestones. Contract liabilities comprise amounts collected from the Company’s customers for revenues not yet earned and such amounts are anticipated to be recorded as revenues when services are performed in subsequent periods. Contract liabilities have decreased since December 31, 2021, due to services performed for customers during the first nine months of 2022.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $2.0 million and $34.0 million, respectively, of revenues that were included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at December 31, 2021. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized $1.0 million and $15.3 million, respectively, of revenues that were included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at December 31, 2020.

10.STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The following table summarizes the components of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	$	17,474	$	12,174	$	31,782	$	34,552
Selling, general and administrative expenses	15,813		17,013		36,510		43,086
Total	$	33,287	$	29,187	$	68,292	$	77,638

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Stock Options

Stock option activity under the Company’s plans is set forth below:

	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
Options outstanding at January 1, 2022	2,318	$	77.79
Options granted	132	$	277.70
Options exercised	(445)	$	43.30
Options forfeited	(10)	$	333.32
Options expired	(1)	$	396.69
Options outstanding at September 30, 2022	1,994	$	97.40	$	532,497	3.6
Options vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2022	1,694	$	66.24	$	502,221	2.8
Options expected to vest as of September 30, 2022	280	$	272.07	$	28,521	8.5

As of September 30, 2022, $26.1 million of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock options, net of estimated forfeitures, is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 2.8 years.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

Service-Based Awards

The table below summarizes activity related to the Company’s equity-classified and liability-classified service-based awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

	Equity-Classified  Restricted Stock			Equity-Classified Equity-Settled Restricted Stock Units			Liability-Classified Cash-Settled Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested service-based awards outstanding at January 1, 2022	9	$	167.18	576	$	277.38	112	$	217.28
Awards granted	—	$	—	644	$	286.13	51	$	269.60
Awards modified	—	$	—	(3)	$	387.74	3	$	220.00
Awards vested	(9)	$	167.18	(222)	$	221.51	(54)	$	182.32
Awards forfeited/cancelled	—	$	—	(55)	$	333.41	(11)	$	261.04
Unvested service-based awards outstanding at September 30, 2022	—	$	—	940	$	292.98	101	$	258.01

As of September 30, 2022, $200.9 million of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to service-based equity-classified restricted stock units (“RSUs”), net of estimated forfeitures, is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 2.9 years.

As of September 30, 2022, $24.9 million of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to service-based liability-classified cash-settled RSUs, net of estimated forfeitures, is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 2.5 years.

The liability associated with the service-based liability-classified RSUs as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, was $8.3 million and $31.5 million, respectively, and was classified as Accrued compensation and benefits expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Performance-Based Awards

The table below summarizes activity related to the Company’s equity-classified performance-based awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

	Equity-Classified Equity-Settled Restricted Stock			Equity-Classified Equity-Settled Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested performance-based awards outstanding at January 1, 2022	9	$	165.87	23	$	339.69
Awards granted	—	$	—	6	$	418.26
Awards vested	—	—		(2)	$	355.39
Awards forfeited/cancelled	—	—		(5)	$	375.77
Unvested performance-based awards outstanding at September 30, 2022	9	$	165.87	22	$	351.60

As of September 30, 2022, $0.4 million of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to performance-based equity-classified restricted stock is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 0.9 years.

As of September 30, 2022, $4.2 million of total remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to performance-based equity-classified RSUs is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 2.5 years.

2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") enables eligible employees to purchase shares of EPAM’s common stock at a discount at the end of each designated offering period, which occurs every six months in April and November. The purchase price is equal to 85% of the fair market value of a share of EPAM’s common stock on the first date of an offering or the date of purchase, whichever is lower. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the ESPP participants purchased 55 thousand shares of common stock under the ESPP.

The Company recognizes compensation expense related to share issuances pursuant to the ESPP on a straight-line basis over the six-month offering period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $4.7 million and $10.0 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP. As of September 30, 2022, total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the ESPP was $1.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a period of 0.1 years.

Commitments for Future Equity Awards

In connection with the Company’s acquisitions of businesses as discussed in Note 3 “Acquisitions,” EPAM enters into agreements that contractually commit it to granting equity awards at future dates. The agreements are unique to each acquisition and terms vary to specify the number of future awards to be issued or a monetary value that will be settled with equity awards valued at future stock prices.

As of September 30, 2022, the Company has commitments to grant up to $29.2 million of equity awards with the number of awards to be determined based on future stock prices. There is a service-based vesting requirement after the grant date associated with these awards and certain of these awards contain performance criteria that will determine the amount of future awards to be issued. These awards are considered granted for accounting purposes. In determining the expense, the Company adjusts the expected settlement based on the probability of achievement of such performance criteria. Due to changes in the probability of payout related to these awards, the Company recorded net reversals of stock-based compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of income of $1.0 million and $0.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

As of September 30, 2022, the Company has issued 2 thousand performance-based equity-classified RSUs which are not considered granted for accounting purposes as the future vesting conditions have not yet been determined.

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11.INCOME TAXES

In determining its interim provision for income taxes, the Company historically has used an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual profit before tax, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company recorded its interim tax provision using the discrete method rather than using an estimated annual effective tax rate. The discrete method treats the year-to-date period as if it were the annual period and determines the income tax expense or benefit on that basis. The discrete method is applied when the application of the estimated annual effective tax rate is impractical because it is not possible to reliably estimate the annual effective tax rate. During the second and third quarters of 2022, the Company used an estimated annual effective tax rate. The change did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated interim financial statements. In subsequent quarters, the Company expects to continue to utilize the annual effective tax rate method.

The Company’s worldwide effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were 18.4% and 14.6%, respectively, and 13.6% and 9.1% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rates benefited from excess tax benefits recorded upon vesting or exercise of stock-based awards of $10.9 million and $10.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $31.4 million and $52.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s effective tax rates benefited from the recognition of one-time benefits of $1.3 million and $8.5 million, respectively, resulting from the Company’s decision to change the tax status and to classify certain of its foreign subsidiaries as disregarded entities for U.S. income tax purposes.

12.EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. For purposes of computing basic earnings per share, any nonvested shares of restricted stock that have been issued by the Company and are contingently returnable to the Company are excluded from the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities had been issued. Potentially dilutive securities include outstanding stock options, unvested restricted stock, unvested equity-settled RSUs and the stock to be issued under the Company’s ESPP. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method.

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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income	$	156,054	$	115,656	$	264,377	$	339,373
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share	$	156,054	$	115,656	$	264,377	$	339,373
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares for basic earnings per share	57,420		56,649		57,194		56,429
Net effect of dilutive stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock awards and stock issuable under the ESPP	1,937		2,554		1,914		2,570
Weighted average common shares for diluted earnings per share	59,357		59,203		59,108		58,999
Net income per share:
Basic	$	2.72	$	2.04	$	4.62	$	6.01
Diluted	$	2.63	$	1.95	$	4.47	$	5.75

The number of shares underlying equity-based awards that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive was 158 thousand and 252 thousand during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

The number of shares underlying equity-based awards that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive was 8 thousand and 35 thousand during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

13.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Indemnification Obligations — In the normal course of business, the Company is a party to a variety of agreements under which it may be obligated to indemnify the other party for certain matters. These obligations typically arise in contracts where the Company customarily agrees to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants for certain matters, infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, data privacy violations, and certain tortious conduct in the course of providing services. The duration of these indemnifications varies, and in certain cases, is indefinite.

The Company is unable to reasonably estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances of each agreement and the fact that certain indemnifications provide for no limitation to the maximum potential future payments under the indemnification. Management is not aware of any such matters that would have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.

Litigation — From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation, claims or other contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When a material loss contingency is reasonably possible but not probable, the Company does not record a liability, but instead discloses the nature and the amount of the claim, and an estimate of the loss or range of loss, if such an estimate can be made. Legal fees are expensed as incurred. In the opinion of management, the outcome of any existing claims and legal or regulatory proceedings, if decided adversely, is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Ukraine Humanitarian Commitment — On March 4, 2022, EPAM announced that it has established a $100.0 million humanitarian commitment to support its employees in Ukraine and their families. See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for more information regarding commitments to humanitarian aid for Ukraine.

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14.SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company determines its business segments and reports segment information in accordance with how the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) organizes the segments to evaluate performance, allocate resources and make business decisions. Segment results are based on the segment’s revenues and operating profit, where segment operating profit is defined as income from operations before unallocated costs. Expenses included in segment operating profit consist principally of direct selling and delivery costs as well as an allocation of certain shared services expenses. Certain corporate expenses are not allocated to specific segments as these expenses are not controllable at the segment level. Such expenses include certain types of professional fees, non-corporate taxes, compensation to non-employee directors and certain other general and administrative expenses, including compensation of specific groups of non-production employees. In addition, the Company does not allocate amortization of intangible assets acquired through business combinations, goodwill and other asset impairment charges, stock-based compensation expenses, acquisition-related costs and certain other one-time charges and benefits. These unallocated amounts are combined with total segment operating profit to arrive at consolidated income from operations as reported below in the reconciliation of segment operating profit to consolidated income before provision for income taxes. Additionally, management has determined that it is not practical to allocate identifiable assets by segment since such assets are used interchangeably among the segments.

The Company manages its business primarily based on the managerial responsibility for its client base and market. As managerial responsibility for a particular customer relationship generally correlates with the customer’s geographic location, there is a high degree of similarity between customer locations and the geographic boundaries of the Company’s reportable segments. In some cases, managerial responsibility for a particular customer is assigned to a management team in another region and is usually based on the strength of the relationship between customer executives and particular members of EPAM’s senior management team. In such cases, the customer’s activity would be reported through the management team’s reportable segment.

See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for more information regarding the Company’s decisions to no longer serve customers in Russia and the subsequent decision to exit its operations in Russia.

Revenues from external customers and operating profit/(loss), before unallocated expenses, by reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Segment revenues:
North America	$	748,383	$	593,862	$	2,159,751	$	1,600,737
Europe	470,009		350,080		1,373,923		938,733
Russia	8,528		44,597		59,721		111,210
Total segment revenues	$	1,226,920	$	988,539	$	3,593,395	$	2,650,680
Segment operating profit/(loss):
North America	$	175,845	$	122,232	$	429,999	$	327,595
Europe	64,813		60,952		156,920		162,477
Russia	1,507		10,541		(16,315)		17,549
Total segment operating profit	$	242,165	$	193,725	$	570,604	$	507,621

Intersegment transactions were excluded from the above on the basis that they are neither included in the measure of a segment’s profit and loss results, nor considered by the CODM during the review of segment results.

There were no customers that accounted for more than 10% of total segment revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

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Reconciliation of segment operating profit to consolidated income before provision for income taxes is presented below:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Total segment operating profit:	$	242,165	$	193,725	$	570,604	$	507,621
Unallocated amounts:
Stock-based compensation expense	(33,287)		(29,187)		(68,292)		(77,638)
Amortization of intangibles assets	(5,584)		(4,684)		(16,584)		(11,785)
Other acquisition-related expenses	(265)		(1,553)		(934)		(5,585)
Other unallocated expenses	(22,802)		(14,177)		(82,305)		(35,964)
Income from operations	180,227		144,124		402,489		376,649
Interest and other income/(loss), net	4,228		(5,325)		5,642		2,629
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	6,691		(3,441)		(102,035)		(5,835)
Income before provision for income taxes	$	191,146	$	135,358	$	306,096	$	373,443

Geographic Area Information

Long-lived assets presented in the table below include property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization, and management has determined that it is not practical to allocate these assets by segment since such assets are used interchangeably among the segments. Physical locations and values of the Company’s long-lived assets are presented below:

	As of September 30, 2022		As of December 31, 2021
Ukraine	$	71,172	$	78,289
Belarus	59,681		75,422
United States	16,445		14,843
India	9,583		9,459
Poland	7,299		8,240
Hungary	4,188		5,339
Russia	—		16,611
Other	41,332		28,011
Total	$	209,700	$	236,214

See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for more information regarding the Company’s decisions to no longer serve customers in Russia, impairment of long-lived assets in Russia and the subsequent decision to exit its operations in Russia.

The table below presents information about the Company’s revenues by customer location for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
United States	$	715,314	$	564,116	$	2,059,293	$	1,514,636
United Kingdom	160,683		126,282		463,610		332,485
Switzerland	76,191		66,659		237,247		198,021
Netherlands	56,996		39,607		158,054		109,339
Germany	40,116		31,292		116,379		79,053
Canada	29,145		25,843		87,985		72,133
Russia	8,013		42,656		56,692		106,079
Other locations	140,462		92,084		414,135		238,934
Total	$	1,226,920	$	988,539	$	3,593,395	$	2,650,680

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15.ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The following table summarizes the changes in the accumulated balances for each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Foreign currency translation
Beginning balance	$	(68,469)	$	(29,062)	$	(52,747)	$	(28,168)
Foreign currency translation	(69,674)		(12,531)		(82,812)		(14,024)
Income tax benefit	12,751		1,770		10,167		2,369
Foreign currency translation, net of tax	(56,923)		(10,761)		(72,645)		(11,655)
Ending balance	$	(125,392)	$	(39,823)	$	(125,392)	$	(39,823)
Cash flow hedging instruments
Beginning balance	$	(9,845)	$	1,601	$	(3,417)	$	3,642
Unrealized loss in fair value	(15,222)		(3,995)		(72,827)		(10,070)
Net loss reclassified into Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	8,186		1,318		13,647		4,755
Net loss reclassified into Foreign exchange loss	112		—		43,940		—
Income tax benefit	1,572		610		3,460		1,207
Cash flow hedging instruments, net of tax	(5,352)		(2,067)		(11,780)		(4,108)
Ending balance(1)	$	(15,197)	$	(466)	$	(15,197)	$	(466)
Defined benefit plans
Beginning balance	$	1,957	$	(1,612)	$	1,957	$	(986)
Actuarial losses	—		—		—		(811)
Income tax benefit	—		—		—		185
Defined benefit plans, net of tax	—		—		—		(626)
Ending balance	$	1,957	$	(1,612)	$	1,957	$	(1,612)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(138,632)	$	(41,901)	$	(138,632)	$	(41,901)

(1) As of September 30, 2022, the ending balance of net unrealized losses related to derivatives designated as cash flow hedges is expected to be reclassified into Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the next twelve months.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in the sections entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” in this item and in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.

In this quarterly report, “EPAM,” “EPAM Systems, Inc.,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to EPAM Systems, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

“EPAM” is a trademark of EPAM Systems, Inc. All other trademarks and service marks used herein are the property of their respective owners.

Executive Summary

We are a leading global provider of digital platform engineering and software development services to many of the world’s leading organizations.

Our customers depend on us to solve their complex technical challenges and rely on our expertise in core engineering, advanced technology, digital design and intelligent enterprise development. We continuously explore opportunities in new industries to expand our core industry client base in software and technology, financial services, business information and media, travel and consumer, and life sciences and healthcare. Our teams of developers, architects, consultants, strategists, engineers, designers, and product experts have the capabilities and skill sets to deliver business results.

Our global delivery model and centralized support functions, combined with the benefits of scale from the shared use of fixed-cost resources, enhance our productivity levels and enable us to better manage the efficiency of our global operations. As a result, we have created a delivery base whereby our applications, tools, methodologies and infrastructure allow us to seamlessly deliver services and solutions from our delivery centers to global customers across all geographies, further strengthening our relationships with them.

Through increased specialization in focused verticals and a continued emphasis on strategic partnerships, we are leveraging our roots in software engineering to grow as a recognized brand in software development and end-to-end digital transformation services for our customers.

During the third quarter of 2022, to ensure safety and business continuity in the presence of the COVID-19 global pandemic, many of our personnel continued to work productively through secure remote working arrangements so they can respond to the rapidly changing needs and demands of our customers. We cannot accurately predict the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to directly and indirectly impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. For additional information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results and for further information on the various risks posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, please read “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” under the sub-heading “Risks Related to COVID-19” which is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Business Update Regarding the War in Ukraine

On February 24, 2022, Russian forces attacked Ukraine and its people and EPAM has repeatedly called for an immediate end to this unlawful and unconscionable attack. EPAM’s highest priority is the safety and security of its employees and their families in Ukraine as well as the broader region, and we have continued to support relocating our employees to lower risk locations, both in Ukraine and to other countries where we operate. The vast majority of our Ukraine employees are in safe locations and operating at levels of productivity consistent with those achieved in 2021. We have maintained our $100 million humanitarian aid commitment to our people in addition to our other donations and volunteer efforts. We also continue to execute our business continuity plans and have sustained our hiring across multiple locations in Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, and India. Our Board of Directors continues its oversight of our strategic, geopolitical, and cybersecurity risks and the risks related to our geographic expansion. Our Board has received updates from management during both regular and special meetings, while also providing oversight of the risks associated with the invasion in Ukraine and other strategic areas of importance related to the war.

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On April 7, 2022, the Company announced that we would begin the process of a phased exit of our operations in Russia in close collaboration with the Company’s employees, contractors, and customers. We have discontinued services to certain customers located in Russia and on September 7, 2022, we executed an agreement to sell substantially all of our remaining holdings in Russia to a third party. The completion of the sale is subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals by the Russian government.

We expect to continue operating in Belarus while executing on our Belarus-specific business continuity plans. A significant number of our employees in Russia and Belarus have relocated, and we may assist in relocating employees to delivery locations in other countries in the future. Ukraine remains our largest delivery location with the most delivery professionals and, prior to the attack in February 2022, Belarus and Russia were our second and third largest delivery locations by the number of delivery professionals, respectively.

We own office buildings and lease office space in a number of cities in both Ukraine and in Belarus that we use for both internal functions and for delivering services to our customers. The impact of the war on our operations, personnel, and physical assets in Ukraine has had, and, along with any escalation of the war that includes Belarus’ territory or military, could continue to have a material adverse effect on our operations. Actions taken by other countries, including new and stricter sanctions by Canada, the United Kingdom, the European Union, the U.S. and other companies and organizations against officials, individuals, regions, and industries in Russia and Belarus, and each of those country’s responses to such sanctions, including counter-sanctions and other actions, has had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on our operations. Customers have and may continue to seek altered terms, conditions, and delivery locations for the performance of services, delay planned work or seek services from alternate providers, or suspend, terminate, fail to renew, or reduce existing contracts or services, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Some of our customers have implemented steps to block internet communications with Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus to protect against potential cyberattacks or other information security threats, which has caused a material adverse effect on our ability to deliver our services to these customers from those locations. Such material adverse effects disrupt our delivery of services, cause us to shift all or portions of our work occurring in the region to other countries, restrict our ability to engage in certain projects in the region and serve certain customers in or from the region, and could negatively impact our personnel, operations, financial results and business outlook.

Moving Forward

We continue to execute our business continuity plans and adapt to developments as they occur to protect the safety of our people and address impacts to our delivery infrastructure, including reallocating work to other geographies within our global footprint. We have engaged both our personnel and our customers to meet their needs and to mitigate delivery challenges. EPAM continues to operate productively in more than 50 countries and provides consistent high-quality delivery to our customers. Our global delivery centers have sufficient resources, including infrastructure and capital, to support ongoing operations. EPAM continues to rapidly respond to the difficult conditions in Ukraine while maintaining a focus on customers and long-term growth.

Implementation and execution of our business continuity plans, relocation costs, our humanitarian commitment to our people in Ukraine, and the cost of our phased exit from Russia have resulted in materially increased expenses in the first nine months of 2022. We expect some of those expenses will continue to occur in subsequent quarters. In addition to the charges recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 related to our exit from operations in Russia, we could record a loss when we complete the sale of substantially all of our remaining holdings in Russia and conclude our exit. We have no way to predict the progress or outcome of the attack against Ukraine because the conflict and government reactions change quickly and are beyond our control. Prolonged military activities, broad-based sanctions and counter-sanctions could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition and there is significant uncertainty for our business outlook for the remainder of 2022. The information contained in this section is accurate as of the date hereof but may become outdated due to changing circumstances beyond our control or present awareness. For additional information on the various risks posed by the attack against Ukraine and the impact in the region, please read “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this quarterly report.

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Year-to-Date 2022 Developments and Trends

Our business was disrupted by the war in Ukraine that began in the latter part of the first quarter of 2022 and continued to create uncertainties through the quarter ended September 30, 2022 and beyond. For the first nine months of 2022, our revenues were $3.593 billion, an increase of 35.6% over $2.651 billion reported for the same period of 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we experienced strong growth across all of our verticals with revenues growing above 25% year over year with the exception of the Software & Hi-Tech vertical which grew 22.8% year over year. We have built an increasingly diversified portfolio across numerous industry verticals, geographies and service offerings which enables us to continue to grow revenues. Income from operations as a percentage of revenues decreased to 11.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to 14.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, largely driven by incremental expenses associated with EPAM’s humanitarian efforts in Ukraine, the global repositioning of our workforce, the costs associated with our phased exit from operations in Russia and impairment of long-lived asset charges triggered by the discontinuance of services to customers located in Russia.

Summary of Results of Operations

The following table presents a summary of our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,										Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022					2021					2022					2021
	(in thousands, except per share data and percentages)
Revenues	$	1,226,920		100.0	%	$	988,539		100.0	%	$	3,593,395		100.0	%	$	2,650,680		100.0	%
Income from operations	$	180,227		14.7	%	$	144,124		14.6	%	$	402,489		11.2	%	$	376,649		14.2	%
Net income	$	156,054		12.7	%	$	115,656		11.7	%	$	264,377		7.4	%	$	339,373		12.8	%
Effective tax rate	18.4		%			14.6		%			13.6		%			9.1		%
Diluted earnings per share	$	2.63				$	1.95				$	4.47				$	5.75

The key highlights of our consolidated results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the corresponding periods of 2021, were as follows:

•Revenues for the third quarter of 2022 were $1.227 billion, representing a 24.1% increase from $988.5 million reported in the same period last year. Revenue growth was strong in the third quarter of 2022 as a result of robust demand for our services. The third quarter of 2022 was negatively impacted by $56.4 million or 5.7% due to changes in certain foreign currency exchange rates as compared to the corresponding period last year. Revenues for the first nine months of 2022 were $3.593 billion, or a 35.6% increase from $2.651 billion reported in the corresponding period last year. Revenue growth in the first nine months of 2022 was negatively impacted by $119.1 million or 4.5% due to changes in certain foreign currency exchange rates as compared to the corresponding period last year. Revenues from acquisitions contributed $41.7 million and $173.9 million to our revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

•Income from operations increased 25.0% to $180.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 6.9% to $402.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2021. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, income from operations for the third quarter of 2022 increased to 14.7% compared to 14.6% in the third quarter of last year and decreased to 11.2% for the first nine months of 2022 as compared to 14.2% for the corresponding period in 2021. During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, income from operations as a percentage of revenues was positively impacted by reduced facility-related expenses and decreased variable compensation expense as a percentage of revenues. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, income from operations as a percentage of revenues was negatively impacted by incremental expenses associated with EPAM’s humanitarian efforts in Ukraine, the global repositioning of our workforce, the costs associated with our phased exit from operations in Russia, and impairment of long-lived asset charges during the first quarter of 2022 triggered by the decision to discontinue services to customers in Russia.

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•Our effective tax rate was 18.4% and 13.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 14.6% and 9.1% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year, is primarily attributable to lower excess tax benefits recorded upon vesting or exercise of stock-based awards as a percentage of pre-tax income as well as the recognition of certain tax credits in the prior year.

•Net income increased 34.9% to $156.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $115.7 million reported in the corresponding period last year. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, net income was 12.7% for the third quarter of 2022, an increase of 1.0% compared to 11.7% reported in the corresponding period of 2021. Net income for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 was positively impacted by the increase in income from operations and increases in other income and net foreign exchange gains. Net income decreased 22.1% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was impacted by net foreign exchange losses, partially offset by the improvement in income from operations. Foreign exchange loss during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily driven by the impact of appreciation of the Russian ruble on the Company’s intercompany payables denominated in Russian rubles and U.S. dollar denominated assets held by our subsidiaries in Russia and losses from our foreign exchange forward contracts associated with the Russian ruble during the first quarter of 2022.

•Diluted earnings per share was $2.63 and $4.47 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, an increase of $0.68 and a decrease $1.28, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods last year.

•Cash provided by operating activities was $278.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $287.7 million in the corresponding period last year. This decrease was largely driven by a higher level of variable compensation payments made in the first nine months of 2022 based on 2021 performance and cash outflows related to EPAM’s humanitarian support efforts in Ukraine and geographic repositioning.

The operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

Critical Accounting Policies

The discussion and analysis of our financial position and results of operations is based on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On a recurring basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition and related allowances, impairments of long-lived assets including intangible assets, goodwill and right-of-use assets, income taxes including the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, and stock-based compensation. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. In addition, our reported financial condition and results of operations could vary due to a change in the application of a particular accounting standard.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated. This information should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report. The operating results in any period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

	Three Months Ended September 30,										Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022					2021					2022					2021
	(in thousands, except percentages and per share data)
Revenues	$	1,226,920		100.0	%	$	988,539		100.0	%	$	3,593,395		100.0	%	$	2,650,680		100.0	%
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)(1)	826,796			67.4	%	653,374			66.1	%	2,453,955			68.3	%	1,756,430			66.3	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses(2)	198,021			16.1	%	169,498			17.1	%	667,825			18.6	%	457,797			17.3	%
Depreciation and amortization expense	21,876			1.8	%	21,543			2.2	%	69,126			1.9	%	59,804			2.2	%
Income from operations	180,227			14.7	%	144,124			14.6	%	402,489			11.2	%	376,649			14.2	%
Interest and other income/(loss), net	4,228			0.4	%	(5,325)			(0.5)	%	5,642			0.1	%	2,629			0.1	%
Foreign exchange gain/(loss)	6,691			0.5	%	(3,441)			(0.4)	%	(102,035)			(2.8)	%	(5,835)			(0.2)	%
Income before provision for income taxes	191,146			15.6	%	135,358			13.7	%	306,096			8.5	%	373,443			14.1	%
Provision for income taxes	35,092			2.9	%	19,702			2.0	%	41,719			1.1	%	34,070			1.3	%
Net income	$	156,054		12.7	%	$	115,656		11.7	%	$	264,377		7.4	%	$	339,373		12.8	%
Effective tax rate	18.4		%			14.6		%			13.6		%			9.1		%
Diluted earnings per share	$	2.63				$	1.95				$	4.47				$	5.75

(1)Includes $17,474 and $12,174 of stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $31,782 and $34,552 of stock-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(2)Includes $15,813 and $17,013 of stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $36,510 and $43,086 of stock-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Consolidated Results Review

Revenues

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, our total revenues grew to $1.227 billion or 24.1% compared to the corresponding period in 2021. Revenues have been positively impacted by acquisitions, which contributed 4.2% to our revenue growth, and negatively impacted by our decision to exit Russia and discontinue services to customers there, and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates which decreased our revenue growth by 5.7% during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same period last year.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, our total revenues grew 35.6% over the corresponding period in 2021. The first nine months of 2022 were positively impacted by acquisitions, which contributed 6.6% to our revenue growth, and negatively impacted by our decision to exit Russia and discontinue services to customers there and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates which decreased our revenue growth by $119.1 million or 4.5% as compared to the corresponding period last year.

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Revenues by customer location for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022				2021				2022				2021
	(in thousands, except percentages)								(in thousands, except percentages)
Americas(1)	$	747,091	60.9	%	$	591,368	59.8	%	$	2,155,496	60.0	%	$	1,589,087	60.0	%
EMEA(2)	438,216		35.7	%	323,807		32.8	%	1,283,152		35.7	%	874,460		32.9	%
APAC(3)	31,376		2.6	%	28,386		2.9	%	91,134		2.5	%	74,318		2.8	%
CEE(4)	10,237		0.8	%	44,978		4.5	%	63,613		1.8	%	112,815		4.3	%
Revenues	$	1,226,920	100.0	%	$	988,539	100.0	%	$	3,593,395	100.0	%	$	2,650,680	100.0	%

(1)Americas includes revenues from customers in North, Central and South America.

(2)EMEA includes revenues from customers in Western Europe and the Middle East.

(3)APAC, or Asia Pacific, includes revenues from customers in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia.

(4)CEE includes revenues from customers in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Georgia.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the United States continued to be our largest customer location, with revenues increasing 26.8% to $715.3 million during the third quarter of 2022 from $564.1 million in the third quarter of 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, revenues in the United States grew 36.0% to $2.059 billion compared to $1.515 billion in the same period of the prior year.

The top three revenue contributing customer location countries in EMEA were the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the Netherlands, generating $160.7 million, $76.2 million and $57.0 million in revenues, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2022. Revenues from customers in these three countries were $126.3 million, $66.7 million, and $39.6 million, respectively, in the corresponding period last year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the Netherlands performed as EMEA’s top revenue generating locations and contributed $463.6 million, $237.2 million, and $158.1 million, respectively, compared to $332.5 million, $198.0 million, and $109.3 million, respectively, in the corresponding period last year. Revenues in the EMEA region were negatively impacted by the weakening of the euro and the British pound relative to the U.S. dollar during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same periods in the previous year. Revenues in the region during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 benefited from acquisitions which contributed $36.0 million and $144.3 million to revenue growth, respectively.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, revenues from customers in the APAC region increased by $3.0 million, or 10.5% and $16.8 million or 22.6%, respectively, over the corresponding periods of 2021, mainly due to growth in the Financial Services vertical.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, revenues in the CEE geography experienced a decrease of $34.7 million as compared to the corresponding period of 2021 and included $8.0 million of revenues from customers in Russia. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, revenues in the CEE geography experienced a decrease of $49.2 million as compared to the corresponding period of 2021 and included $56.7 million of revenues from customers in Russia. On March 4, 2022, we announced that we will discontinue our services to customers located in Russia and have been providing transition support for customers in this market while administering the transition. On September 7, 2022, we executed an agreement to sell substantially all of our holdings in Russia to a third party. As a result of this agreement, the revenues from this geography are expected to materially decline in the future.

Cost of Revenues (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)

The principal components of our cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) are salaries, bonuses, fringe benefits, stock-based compensation, project-related travel costs and fees for subcontractors who are assigned to customer projects. Salaries and other compensation expenses of our delivery professionals are reported as cost of revenues regardless of whether the employees are actually performing customer services during a given period. Our employees are a critical resource, necessary for our continued success and therefore we expect to continue hiring talented employees and providing them with competitive compensation programs.

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During the three months ended September 30, 2022, cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was $826.8 million representing an increase of 26.5% from $653.4 million in the corresponding period of 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in compensation costs largely driven by the 21.0% growth in the average number of production professionals during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 as well as $5.3 million of higher stock-based compensation expenses, $2.9 million of incremental costs associated with our humanitarian efforts in Ukraine and $1.0 million of unbilled business continuity resources. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was 67.4% and 66.1% in the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively. The year-over-year increase is primarily due to lower utilization attributable to the transition of projects and employees to new geographies, the ongoing transition of customer work to higher cost geographies and increased costs associated with our humanitarian efforts in Ukraine.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was $2.454 billion representing an increase of 39.7% from $1.756 billion in the corresponding period of 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in compensation costs other than stock-based compensation expense largely driven by the 27.1% growth in the average number of production professionals, a 5.1% unfavorable impact from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, as well as $25.3 million of incremental costs associated with our humanitarian efforts in Ukraine and $12.9 million of unbilled business continuity resources, partially offset by the reversal of $21.4 million of previously accrued discretionary compensation expenses during the first quarter of 2022. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) was 68.3% and 66.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The year-over-year increase is primarily due to higher personnel-related costs and the ongoing transition of customer work to higher cost geographies, increased costs associated with our humanitarian efforts in Ukraine, and unbilled business continuity resources, partially offset by the reversal of previously accrued discretionary compensation expenses in the first quarter of 2022.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses represent expenditures associated with promoting and selling our services and general and administrative functions of our business. These expenses include the costs of salaries, bonuses, fringe benefits, stock-based compensation, severance, bad debt, travel, legal and accounting services, insurance, facilities including operating leases, advertising, and other promotional activities. Additionally, selling, general and administrative expenses contain costs of relocating our employees and various one-time and unusual expenses such as impairment charges.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, selling, general and administrative expenses were $198.0 million representing a 16.8% increase as compared to $169.5 million in the corresponding period of 2021. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was driven by a $13.3 million increase in personnel-related costs including stock-based compensation expense largely driven by the 20.6% growth in the average number of non-production professionals during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. Additionally, we incurred $4.4 million of expenses associated with our geographic repositioning of our workforce, $0.7 million of charges related to employee separation costs in Russia, and $1.6 million of expenses associated with our humanitarian efforts in Ukraine during the third quarter of 2022. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by 1.0% to 16.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same period from the prior year, primarily driven by reduced facility-related expenses and lower stock-based compensation expenses as a percentage of revenues.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, selling, general and administrative expenses were $667.8 million representing an increase of 45.9% as compared to $457.8 million reported in the corresponding period of 2021. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by an $98.7 million increase in personnel-related costs other than stock-based compensation expense, which decreased $6.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in the prior year. Additionally, the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were impacted by $37.5 million of expenses associated with our geographic repositioning of our workforce, $13.2 million of expenses associated with our humanitarian efforts in Ukraine, $16.9 million of charges related to employee separation costs in Russia, $19.6 million of impairment charges related to our long-lived assets in Russia and $5.7 million of bad debt expense attributable to customers located in Russia. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 1.3% to 18.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same period from the prior year primarily driven by impairment charges related to our long-lived assets in Russia, higher bad debt expenses attributable to customers located in Russia, employee separation costs in Russia, increased costs associated with geographic repositioning of our workforce as well as our humanitarian efforts in Ukraine, partially offset by reduced facilities-related expenses.

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Depreciation and Amortization Expense

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, depreciation and amortization expense was $21.9 million and $69.1 million, respectively, as compared to $21.5 million and $59.8 million, respectively, in the corresponding periods last year. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense is primarily the result of increased investment in computer equipment used by our employees and amortization of acquired finite-lived intangible assets. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, depreciation and amortization expense decreased to 1.8% and 1.9% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to 2.2% in both corresponding periods of 2021.

Interest and Other Income/(Loss), Net

Interest and other income/(loss), net includes interest earned on cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and employee loans, gains and losses from certain financial instruments, interest expense related to our borrowings, government grant income, and changes in the fair value of contingent consideration. Interest and other income/(loss), net increased from a $5.3 million loss and a $2.6 million gain during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, to gains of $4.2 million and $5.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The increase in Interest and other income/(loss), net during the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 was largely driven by a $4.6 million decrease in loss due to the change in fair value of contingent consideration, an increase in interest income from our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, and an increase in government grant income. The increase in Interest and other income/(loss), net during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was largely driven by an increase in government grant income and an increase in interest income from our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, partially offset by a $7.2 million increase in loss due to the change in fair value of contingent consideration and a $1.3 million charge related to the impairment of a financial asset in Ukraine recorded during the nine months ended September, 30 2022.

Foreign Exchange Gain/(Loss)

For discussion of the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations see “Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

Provision for Income Taxes

In determining the interim provision for income taxes, we historically have used an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual profit before tax, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which EPAM operates. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter. During the first quarter of 2022, we recorded the interim tax provision using the discrete method rather than using an estimated annual effective tax rate. The discrete method treats the year-to-date period as if it were the annual period and determines the income tax expense or benefit on that basis. The discrete method is applied when the application of the estimated annual effective tax rate is impractical because it is not possible to reliably estimate the annual effective tax rate. During the second and third quarters of 2022, the Company used an estimated annual effective tax rate. The change did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated interim financial statements. In subsequent quarters, the Company expects to continue to utilize the annual effective tax rate method.

Determining the consolidated provision for income tax expense, deferred income tax assets and liabilities and any potential related valuation allowances involves judgment. We consider factors that may contribute, favorably or unfavorably, to the overall effective tax rate in the current year as well as the future. These factors include statutory tax rates and tax law changes in the countries where we operate and excess tax benefits upon vesting or exercise of equity awards as well as consideration of any significant or unusual items.

Our effective tax rate was 18.4% and 13.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 14.6% and 9.1% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the corresponding periods in the prior year, is primarily attributable to lower excess tax benefits recorded upon vesting or exercise of stock-based awards as a percentage of pre-tax income in the current periods as well as the recognition of certain tax credits in the corresponding prior periods, partially offset by the impact of the Company’s election in the current periods to disregard certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company as separate entities for U.S. tax purposes. Our provision for income taxes was impacted by excess tax benefits recorded upon vesting or exercise of stock-based awards of $10.9 million and $31.4 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $10.4 million and $52.8 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

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Results by Business Segment

Our operations consist of three reportable segments: North America, Europe, and Russia. The segments represent components of EPAM for which separate financial information is available and used on a regular basis by our chief executive officer, who is also our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), to determine how to allocate resources and evaluate performance. Our CODM makes business decisions based on segment revenues and operating profit. Segment operating profit is defined as income from operations before unallocated costs. Expenses included in segment operating profit consist principally of direct selling and delivery costs as well as an allocation of certain shared services expenses. Certain corporate expenses are not allocated to specific segments as these expenses are not controllable at the segment level. Such expenses include certain types of professional fees, certain taxes included in operating expenses, compensation to non-employee directors and certain other general and administrative expenses, including compensation of specific groups of non-production employees. In addition, the Company does not allocate stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets acquired through business combinations, goodwill and other asset impairment charges, acquisition-related costs and certain other one-time charges and benefits. These unallocated amounts are combined with total segment operating profit to arrive at consolidated income from operations.

We manage our business primarily based on the managerial responsibility for its client base and market. As managerial responsibility for a particular customer relationship generally correlates with the customer’s geographic location, there is a high degree of similarity between customer locations and the geographic boundaries of our reportable segments. In some cases, managerial responsibility for a particular customer is assigned to a management team in another region and is usually based on the strength of the relationship between customer executives and particular members of EPAM’s senior management team. In such cases, the customer’s activity would be reported through the management team’s reportable segment.

On March 4, 2022, the Company announced that it will discontinue its services to customers located in Russia and is committed to providing transition support for customers in this market. On April 7, 2022, the Company announced that it would begin the process of a phased exit of its operations in Russia and on September 7, 2022, the Company executed an agreement to sell substantially all of its remaining operations in Russia to a third party. The timing of completing the sale is subject to completion of customary closing conditions, including regulatory approval in Russia.

Segment revenues from external customers and segment operating profit, before unallocated expenses, for the North America, Europe and Russia reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Segment revenues:
North America	$	748,383	$	593,862	$	2,159,751	$	1,600,737
Europe	470,009		350,080		1,373,923		938,733
Russia	8,528		44,597		59,721		111,210
Total segment revenues	$	1,226,920	$	988,539	$	3,593,395	$	2,650,680
Segment operating profit/(loss):
North America	$	175,845	$	122,232	$	429,999	$	327,595
Europe	64,813		60,952		156,920		162,477
Russia	1,507		10,541		(16,315)		17,549
Total segment operating profit	$	242,165	$	193,725	$	570,604	$	507,621

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North America Segment

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, revenues for the North America segment increased $154.5 million, or 26.0%, compared to the same period last year and segment operating profit increased $53.6 million, or 43.9%, compared to the same period last year. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, revenues from our North America segment were 61.0% of total segment revenues, an increase from 60.1% reported in the corresponding period of 2021. The North America segment’s operating profit margin increased to 23.5% during the third quarter of 2022 from 20.6% in the third quarter of 2021. Segment operating profit was positively impacted by a decrease in variable compensation expense as a percentage of segment revenues and the appreciation of the U.S. dollar, partially offset by lower utilization during the third quarter of 2022 compared to the third quarter of 2021.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, revenues for the North America segment increased $559.0 million, or 34.9%, compared to the same period last year and segment operating profit increased $102.4 million, or 31.3%, compared to the same period last year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, revenues from our North America segment were 60.1% and 60.4% of total segment revenues, respectively. As a percentage of North America segment revenues, the North America segment’s operating profit margin decreased to 19.9% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to 20.5% in the corresponding period of 2021. Segment operating profit was negatively impacted by increased personnel-related costs in part attributable to supplementing delivery resources on certain projects with standby resources able to support projects if delivery resources impacted by the invasion of Ukraine become unable to work, lower utilization during the first nine months of 2022 compared to the same period of 2021, and lower profit margins from acquisitions completed in the last twelve months, partially offset by a decrease in variable compensation expense as a percentage of segment revenues.

The following table presents North America segment revenues by industry vertical for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2022		2021		Dollars		Percentage		2022		2021		Dollars		Percentage
Industry Vertical	(in thousands, except percentages)
Software & Hi-Tech	$	170,818	$	146,532	$	24,286	16.6	%	$	488,134	$	406,756	$	81,378	20.0	%
Travel & Consumer	131,181		98,494		32,687		33.2	%	384,360		252,998		131,362		51.9	%
Financial Services	134,673		100,631		34,042		33.8	%	381,887		253,713		128,174		50.5	%
Business Information & Media	121,703		100,536		21,167		21.1	%	346,675		280,120		66,555		23.8	%
Life Sciences & Healthcare	116,878		85,534		31,344		36.6	%	344,148		241,835		102,313		42.3	%
Emerging Verticals	73,130		62,135		10,995		17.7	%	214,547		165,315		49,232		29.8	%
Revenues	$	748,383	$	593,862	$	154,521	26.0	%	$	2,159,751	$	1,600,737	$	559,014	34.9	%

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same periods in the prior year, revenues from each vertical, except Software & Hi-Tech in the North America segment grew in excess of 20%. However, Software & Hi-Tech remained the largest industry vertical in the North America segment, which was a result of the continued focus on engaging with our technology customers. Travel and Consumer grew 33.2% and 51.9% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, primarily due to growth from retail customers. Financial Services grew 33.8% and 50.5% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, largely due to growth in a group of wealth management customers and growth from insurance customers added in the last 12 month. Business Information & Media grew 21.1% and 23.8% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, primarily due to growth from existing customers in our top 20 customers. Life Sciences & Healthcare grew 36.6% and 42.3% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, primarily due to growth from customers added in the last 24 months.

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Europe Segment

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, Europe’s segment revenues were $470.0 million, representing an increase of $119.9 million, or 34.3%, from the same period last year. Acquisitions completed in the last twelve months contributed $40.5 million to revenues during the three months ended September 30, 2022. Revenues were negatively impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates during the third quarter of 2022. Had our Europe segment revenues been expressed in constant currency terms using the exchange rates in effect during the third quarter of 2021, we would have reported revenue growth of 49.3%. Europe’s segment revenues accounted for 38.3% and 35.4% of total segment revenues during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the third quarter of 2022, the segment’s operating profit increased 6.3% to $64.8 million compared to the third quarter of 2021. Expressed as a percentage of revenues, Europe’s segment operating profit decreased to 13.8% compared to 17.4% in the same period of the prior year. Segment operating profit as a percentage of revenues was negatively impacted by changes in foreign currency exchanges rates and lower utilization, partially offset by a decrease in variable compensation expense as a percentage of segment revenues during the third quarter of 2022 compared to the third quarter of 2021.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, revenues for the Europe segment increased $435.2 million, or 46.4%, compared to the same period last year and segment operating profit decreased $5.6 million, or 3.4%, compared to the same period last year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, revenues from our Europe segment were 38.2% and 35.4% of total segment revenues, respectively. Acquisitions completed in the last twelve months contributed $149.7 million to revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. As a percentage of Europe segment revenues, the Europe segment’s operating profit decreased to 11.4% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from 17.3% in the corresponding period of 2021. During the first nine months of 2022, segment operating profit was negatively impacted by changes in foreign currency exchanges rates, increased personnel-related costs partially attributable to supplementing delivery resources on certain projects with standby resources able to support projects if delivery resources impacted by the invasion of Ukraine become unable to work, lower utilization during the first nine months of 2022 compared to the first nine months of 2021, and lower profit margins from acquisitions completed in the last twelve months, partially offset by a decrease in variable compensation expense as a percentage of segment revenues during the first nine months of 2022 compared to the first nine months of 2021.

The following table presents Europe segment revenues by industry vertical for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2022		2021		Dollars		Percentage		2022		2021		Dollars		Percentage
Industry Vertical	(in thousands, except percentages)
Travel & Consumer	$	147,271	$	91,197	$	56,074	61.5	%	$	424,140	$	235,552	$	188,588	80.1	%
Financial Services	115,372		98,711		16,661		16.9	%	345,468		262,716		82,752		31.5	%
Business Information & Media	87,028		71,953		15,075		21.0	%	253,610		197,142		56,468		28.6	%
Software & Hi-Tech	34,513		27,103		7,410		27.3	%	100,814		72,010		28,804		40.0	%
Life Sciences & Healthcare	12,569		10,374		2,195		21.2	%	37,378		36,505		873		2.4	%
Emerging Verticals	73,256		50,742		22,514		44.4	%	212,513		134,808		77,705		57.6	%
Revenues	$	470,009	$	350,080	$	119,929	34.3	%	$	1,373,923	$	938,733	$	435,190	46.4	%

Revenues in Travel & Consumer grew 61.5% and 80.1% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to the corresponding periods in 2021 primarily due to increased demand from customers in the retail and distribution industries and revenues from acquisitions completed during the last twelve months which contributed $25.1 million and $81.0 million to revenue growth during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, revenues in Financial Services experienced 16.9% and 31.5% growth, respectively, primarily driven by increased revenues from commercial and investment banking customers and revenues from recent acquisitions which contributed $2.7 million and $17.4 million to revenue growth during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the increase in revenues in Business Information & Media was largely attributable to the expansion of services provided to one of our top 5 customers. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the increase in revenues in the Software & Hi-Tech vertical was attributable to the expansion of services provided to one of our top 20 customers as well as growth in customers outside of our top 100 customers. Revenues in Emerging Verticals experienced higher growth primarily attributable to growth in existing customers in the energy, telecommunications and automotive industries, a new customer that we added in 2022 as well as revenues from acquisitions completed during the last twelve months which contributed $7.4 million and $28.2 million to revenue growth during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

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Russia Segment

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, revenues from our Russia segment accounted for 0.7% of total segment revenues and decreased $36.1 million, or 80.9%, as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year. The decrease in revenues was primarily attributable to decreased operations in Russia as we proceed with the phased exit from Russia while discontinuing services to customers there. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, operating profit from the Russia segment was $1.5 million, representing a decrease of $9.0 million, as compared to a $10.5 million operating profit in the corresponding period last year largely driven by reduced revenues attributable to the discontinuance of services to customers in Russia.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, revenues from our Russia segment decreased $51.5 million, or 46.3%, as compared to the corresponding period of 2021 and accounted for 1.7% of total segment revenues. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, operating loss from the Russia segment was $16.3 million, representing a decrease of $33.9 million, as compared to a $17.5 million operating profit in the corresponding period last year, largely driven by discontinuance of services to customers in Russia which led to reduced revenues, increased bad debt expense, and expenses incurred for services provided to customers for which revenue was not recognized as collectability was not considered probable after announcing the discontinuance of services to customers in Russia.

The following table presents Russia segment revenues by industry vertical for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2022		2021		Dollars		Percentage		2022		2021		Dollars		Percentage
Industry Vertical	(in thousands, except percentages)
Financial Services	$	4,741	$	31,542	$	(26,801)	(85.0)	%	$	38,477	$	77,251	$	(38,774)	(50.2)	%
Travel & Consumer	1,950		7,875		(5,925)		(75.2)	%	13,539		19,572		(6,033)		(30.8)	%
Software & Hi-Tech	59		662		(603)		(91.1)	%	1,248		1,757		(509)		(29.0)	%
Business Information & Media	167		500		(333)		(66.6)	%	786		1,323		(537)		(40.6)	%
Life Sciences & Healthcare	228		155		73		47.1	%	444		534		(90)		(16.9)	%
Emerging Verticals	1,383		3,863		(2,480)		(64.2)	%	5,227		10,773		(5,546)		(51.5)	%
Revenues	$	8,528	$	44,597	$	(36,069)	(80.9)	%	$	59,721	$	111,210	$	(51,489)	(46.3)	%

Revenues in the Russia segment are generally subject to fluctuations and are impacted by the timing of revenue recognition associated with the execution of contracts and the fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rate of the Russian ruble to the U.S. dollar. On March 4, 2022, EPAM announced that it will discontinue services to customers located in Russia and will provide transition support for the customers in this market. On April 7, 2022, the Company announced that it would begin the process of a phased exit of its operations in Russia and on September 7, 2022, the Company executed an agreement to sell substantially all of its remaining operations in Russia to a third party. The timing and completion of the sale is subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals by the Russian government. As a result of these announcements, the revenues from this segment are expected to dissipate in the future. See Note 2 “Impact of the Invasion of Ukraine” for more information regarding the Company’s decisions to no longer serve customers in Russia and exit our operations in Russia.

Effects of Inflation

Economies in many countries where we operate have periodically experienced high rates of inflation. Periods of higher inflation may affect various economic sectors in those countries and increase our cost of doing business there. We do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition to date. We continue to track the impact of inflation, particularly on wages, while attempting to minimize its effects through pricing and cost management strategies. A higher than normal rate of inflation in the future could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Capital Resources

Our cash generated from operations has been our primary source of liquidity to fund operations and investments to support the growth of our business. As of September 30, 2022, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents totaling $1.488 billion, short-term investments totaling $60.2 million as well as $675.0 million of available borrowings under our revolving credit facility. See Note 8 “Debt” of our condensed consolidated financial statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)” for information regarding our debt.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in thousands)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow Data:
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	278,035	$	287,713
Net cash used in investing activities	(151,788)		(158,492)
Net cash used in financing activities	(10,066)		(14,498)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(75,876)		(12,691)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	40,305		102,032
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	1,449,347		1,323,533
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	1,489,652	$	1,425,565

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $278.0 million, a decrease of $9.7 million compared to $287.7 million provided by operating activities in the corresponding period of 2021. This decrease was largely driven by a higher level of variable compensation payments made in the first nine months of 2022 based on 2021 performance, and cash outflows related to EPAM’s humanitarian support efforts in Ukraine and geographic repositioning.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $151.8 million compared to $158.5 million used in investing activities during the same period in 2021. During the first nine months of 2022, the cash used in investing activities was primarily attributable to $60.1 million used for capital expenditures and an investment of $60.0 million in time deposits compared to cash used for capital expenditures of $54.9 million offset by the maturity of $60.0 million of time deposits during the comparable period in 2021. During the first nine months of 2022, the cash used for the acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired was $10.5 million compared to $161.0 million used in the first nine months of 2021.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $10.1 million in the first nine months of 2022 compared to $14.5 million net cash used in financing activities in the same period of 2021. During the first nine months of 2022, we received cash from the exercises of stock options issued under our long-term incentive plans and proceeds from the first purchase of shares under our ESPP of $31.4 million, compared to $20.2 million received from the exercises of stock options in the corresponding period of 2021. These cash inflows were offset by cash used for the payments of withholding taxes related to net share settlements of restricted stock units of $22.1 million in the first nine months of 2022, compared to $34.1 million paid in the corresponding period of 2021. Additionally, the first nine months of 2022 included repayments of debt of $11.5 million.

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Future Capital Requirements

We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, combined with our expected cash flow from operations, will be sufficient to meet our projected operating and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months and that we possess the financial flexibility to execute our strategic objectives, including the ability to make acquisitions and strategic investments in the foreseeable future. However, the invasion of Ukraine, COVID-19 and the consequences and related measures to contain their impact have caused material disruptions in both national and global financial markets and economies. The future impact of the invasion of Ukraine and COVID-19 and responsive measures cannot be predicted with certainty and may increase our borrowing costs and other costs of capital and otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

Our ability to expand and grow our business in accordance with current plans and to meet our long-term capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the rate at which our cash flows increase or decrease and the availability of public and private debt and equity financing. We may require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. Our ability to generate cash is subject to our performance, general economic conditions, industry trends and other factors including the impact of the invasion of Ukraine and COVID-19 pandemic, each as described elsewhere in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. To the extent that existing cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and operating cash flows are insufficient to fund our future activities and requirements, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt financing. If we issue equity securities in order to raise additional funds, substantial dilution to existing stockholders may occur. If we raise cash through the issuance of additional indebtedness, we may be subject to additional contractual restrictions on our business. There is no assurance that we would be able to raise additional funds on favorable terms or at all.

See Note 13 “Commitments and Contingencies” of our condensed consolidated financial statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)” of this Quarterly Report and “Part II. Item 7. Future Capital Requirements” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 for information regarding contractual obligations.

Off-Balance Sheet Commitments and Arrangements

We do not have any material obligations under guarantee contracts or other contractual arrangements other than as disclosed in Note 13 “Commitments and Contingencies” of our condensed consolidated financial statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited).” We have not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities where we have financial guarantees, subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments, or other contingent arrangements that expose us to material continuing risks, contingent liabilities, or any other obligation under a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk, or credit risk support to us, or engages in leasing, hedging, or research and development services with us.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 “Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)” for additional information.

Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains estimates and forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, principally in “Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 also contains estimates and forward-looking statements, principally in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Our estimates and forward-looking statements are mainly based on our current expectations and estimates of future events and trends, which affect or may affect our business and operations. Those future events and trends may relate to, among other things, developments relating to the invasion of Ukraine and escalation of the war in the surrounding region, political and civil unrest or military action in the geographies where we conduct business and operate, developments relating to the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, and the effect that they may have on our revenues, operations, access to capital, profitability and customer demand. Although we believe that these estimates and forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, they are subject to several risks, uncertainties and assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate and are made based on information currently available to us. Important factors, in addition to the factors described in this quarterly report and in our Annual Report, may materially and adversely affect our results as indicated in forward-looking statements. You should read this quarterly report, our Annual Report and the documents that we have filed as exhibits hereto completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

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 The words “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “intend,” “potential,” “might,” “would,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology and similar words are intended to identify estimates and forward-looking statements. Estimates and forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made, and, except to the extent required by law, we undertake no obligation to update, to revise or to review any estimate and/or forward-looking statement because of new information, future events or other factors. Estimates and forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and are not guarantees of future performance. As a result of the risks and uncertainties described above, the estimates and forward-looking statements discussed in this quarterly report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 might not occur and our future results, level of activity, performance or achievements may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements due to, including, but not limited to, the factors mentioned above, and the differences may be material and adverse. Because of these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to certain market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily result from changes in concentration of credit, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. In addition, our international operations are subject to risks related to differing economic conditions, civil unrest, political instability or uncertainty, military activities, broad-based sanctions, differing tax structures, and other regulations and restrictions.

Concentration of Credit and Other Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments and trade receivables.

We maintain our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments with financial institutions. We believe that our credit policies reflect normal industry terms and business risk. We do not anticipate non-performance by the counterparties.

We have cash in several countries, including Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, which could be impacted by the invasion of Ukraine and where the banking sector remains subject to periodic instability, banking and other financial systems in these countries generally do not meet the banking standards of more developed markets, and bank deposits made by corporate entities are not insured. As of September 30, 2022, we had $63.8 million of cash and cash equivalents in banks in Ukraine, $45.4 million of cash and cash equivalents in banks in Belarus, and $33.1 million of cash and cash equivalents in banks in Russia. Cash in these countries is used for the operational needs of the local entities and cash balances change with the expected operating needs of these entities. We regularly monitor cash held in these countries and, to the extent the cash held exceeds amounts required to support our operations in these countries, the Company distributes the excess funds into markets with more developed banking sectors to the extent it is possible to do so. We place our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions considered stable in the region, limit the amount of credit exposure with any one financial institution and conduct ongoing evaluations of the credit worthiness of the financial institutions with which we do business. However, a banking crisis, bankruptcy or insolvency of banks that process or hold the Company’s funds, or sanctions may result in the loss of our deposits or adversely affect the Company’s ability to complete banking transactions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Trade receivables are generally dispersed across many customers operating in different industries; therefore, concentration of credit risk is limited and we do not believe significant credit risk existed at September 30, 2022. Though our results of operations depend on our ability to successfully collect payment from our customers for work performed, historically, credit losses and write-offs of trade receivables have not been material to our condensed consolidated financial statements. If any of our customers enter bankruptcy protection or otherwise take steps to alleviate their financial distress, our credit losses and write-offs of trade receivables could increase, which would negatively impact our results of operations. Reflecting the deterioration of credit-worthiness of its customers in Russia after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the Company evaluated its trade receivables and contract assets for estimated future credit losses from customers located in Russia and recorded net bad debt expense of $5.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses. The Company is actively monitoring its trade receivables from its customers in Russia for any further deterioration of creditworthiness.

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to market risk is influenced by the changes in interest rates on our cash and cash equivalent deposits, short-term investments and paid on any outstanding balance on our borrowings, mainly under our 2021 Credit Agreement, which is subject to a variety of rates depending on the currency and timing of funds borrowed. We do not believe we are exposed to material direct risks associated with changes in interest rates related to these deposits, investments and borrowings.

Foreign Exchange Risk

Our global operations are conducted predominantly in U.S. dollars. Other than U.S. dollars, we generate revenues principally in euros, British pounds, Swiss francs, Canadian dollars and Russian rubles. Other than U.S. dollars, we incur expenditures principally in euros, Polish zlotys, British pounds, Indian rupees, Hungarian forints, Russian rubles, Swiss francs, Chinese yuan renminbi, Mexican pesos and Colombian pesos. As a result, exchange rate fluctuations in any of these currencies relative to the U.S. dollar could negatively impact our results of operations.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, approximately 32.4% of consolidated revenues and 51.0% of consolidated operating expenses were denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

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In the normal course of business, EPAM uses derivative financial instruments to manage the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We have a hedging program whereby we enter into a series of foreign exchange forward contracts with durations of twelve months or less that are designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted Russian ruble, Polish zloty, Hungarian forint and Indian rupee transactions. As of September 30, 2022, all of EPAM’s foreign exchange forward contracts, except the Russian ruble foreign exchange forward contracts, were designated as hedges and there is no financial collateral (including cash collateral) required to be posted related to the foreign exchange forward contracts.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, in response to the invasion of Ukraine, EPAM de-designated our Russian ruble foreign exchange forward contracts as hedges and entered into offsetting foreign exchange forward contracts with the same counterparty. The Company determined it was probable the underlying forecasted foreign currency transactions which were hedged would not occur and reclassified the accumulated loss of $43.9 million on the underlying hedge into income which is classified as foreign exchange loss in the condensed consolidated statement of income.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, foreign exchange gain was $6.7 million compared to a loss of $3.4 million reported in the corresponding period last year. The improvement was largely driven by the impact of fluctuations in foreign currencies on the Company’s assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, foreign exchange loss was $102.0 million compared to a loss of $5.8 million in the corresponding period last year. Foreign exchange loss was primarily driven by the impact of appreciation of the Russian ruble on the Company’s intercompany payables denominated in Russian rubles and U.S. dollar denominated assets held by our subsidiaries in Russia, and losses from our foreign exchange forward contracts associated with the Russian ruble during the first quarter of 2022.

Management supplements results reported in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, referred to as GAAP, with non-GAAP financial measures. Management believes these measures help illustrate underlying trends in our business and uses the measures to establish budgets and operational goals, communicated internally and externally, for managing our business and evaluating its performance. When important to management’s analysis, operating results are compared on the basis of “constant currency,” which is a non-GAAP financial measure. This measure excludes the effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations by translating the current period revenues and expenses into U.S. dollars at the weighted average exchange rates of the prior period of comparison.

During the third quarter of 2022, we reported revenue growth of 24.1% compared to the third quarter of 2021. Had our consolidated revenues been expressed in constant currency terms using the exchange rates in effect during the third quarter of 2021, we would have reported revenue growth of 29.8%. Our revenues were negatively impacted mainly by the depreciation of the euro and British pound relative to the U.S. dollar. During the third quarter of 2022, we reported an increase in income from operations of 25.0% compared to the third quarter of 2021. Had our consolidated results been expressed in constant currency terms using the exchange rates in effect during the third quarter of 2021, we would have reported an increase in income from operations of 21.4%. Income from operations was positively impacted largely by the depreciation of the Polish zloty, the Hungarian forint and Colombian peso, partially offset by the depreciation of the euro and British pound relative to the U.S. dollar during the third quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on management’s evaluation, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as of the end of the period covered by this report, these officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in litigation and claims arising out of our business and operations in the normal course of business. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceeding, nor are we aware of any material legal or governmental proceedings pending or contemplated to be brought against us.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the risk factor below and the risk factors disclosed under the heading “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

We have significant operations and personnel in Ukraine and Belarus, and previously had significant operations and personnel in Russia. Conflict in the region has had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on our business, customers, service delivery, and financial results.

Economic, civil, military, energy supply and political uncertainty exists and may increase in many of the regions where we operate and derive our revenues. In particular, as of December 31, 2021, more than half of our global delivery, administrative and support personnel were located in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, and all of these locations are involved in or affected by the military action in Ukraine. We also have significant operations in countries bordering Ukraine and in countries allied with Russia in the nearby emerging market economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, which currently are, and in the future may be, adversely impacted by regional instability.

On February 24, 2022, Russian military forces attacked Ukraine, and sustained conflict and disruption in the region has occurred and is likely to continue to occur. In addition to a significant number of personnel and operations in Ukraine, we also own an office building and lease office space in a number of cities in Ukraine, all or some of which may be damaged or destroyed as a result of the attack against Ukraine. Any escalation of the conflict that includes Belarus or its military could jeopardize our personnel, facilities, and operations in Belarus. The impact to Ukraine, as well as actions taken by other countries, including new and stricter sanctions by Canada, the United Kingdom, the European Union, the U.S. and other countries and organizations against officials, individuals, regions, and industries in Russia, the annexed portions of Ukraine, and Belarus, and each country’s potential response to such sanctions, tensions, and military actions has and could continue to have a material adverse effect on our operations. In order to protect against potential cyberattacks or other information security threats, some of our customers have implemented steps to block internet communications with Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, which has had a material adverse effect on our ability to deliver our services from those locations. Our customers have and may continue to seek altered terms, conditions, and delivery locations for the performance of services, delay planned work or seek services from alternate providers, or suspend, terminate, fail to renew, or reduce existing contracts or services, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. The material adverse effects from the conflict, enhanced sanctions activity, and counter-sanctions may continue to disrupt our delivery of services, has caused us to shift portions of our work occurring in the region to other countries, and may continue to restrict our ability to engage in certain projects or with certain customers in the region. We discontinued services to certain customers located in Russia and we hope to complete the sale of substantially all of our holdings in Russia as soon as feasible, subject to customary closing conditions including regulatory approval, the completion of which is not assured. We could incur additional significant charges in the future related to the exit of our operations in Russia. We expect to continue operating in Belarus. A significant number of our employees in Russia and Belarus have relocated, and we expect more employees may relocate to delivery locations outside their countries in the future.

EPAM is actively monitoring and enhancing the security of our people and the stability of our infrastructure, including communications, physical assets, and internet availability. We continue to execute our business continuity plans in response to developments as they occur and to protect the safety of our personnel and address potential impacts to our delivery infrastructure. To date we have not experienced any material interruptions in our infrastructure, utility supply or internet connectivity needed to support our customers. We have implemented additional contingency plans to relocate work and/or personnel to other geographies within our global footprint and add new locations, as appropriate. Increased operations and hiring in existing or new geographies, including in more developed economies, is likely to increase our expenses, especially compensation expenses for technology professionals in those markets, which could reduce the profitability of our business.

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Our business continuity plans are designed to address known contingency scenarios to ensure that we have adequate processes and practices in place to protect the safety of our people and to handle potential impacts to our delivery capabilities. Our crisis management procedures, business continuity plans, and disaster recovery capabilities may not be effective at preventing or mitigating the effects of prolonged or multiple crises, such as civil unrest, military conflict, energy instability and a pandemic in a concentrated geographic area or in multiple geographies. The current events in the regions where we operate and where we derive a significant amount of our business pose security risks to our people, our facilities, our operations, and infrastructure, such as utilities and network services, and the further disruption of any or all of them could materially adversely affect our operations and financial results, cause additional volatility in the price of our stock, and reduce our profitability. We have no way to predict the progress or outcome of the military action in Ukraine or its impacts in Russia and Belarus as the conflict and government reactions are rapidly changing and beyond our control. Whether in these countries or in others in which we operate, prolonged civil unrest, political instability or uncertainty, military activities, broad-based sanctions or counter-sanctions, should they continue for the long term or escalate, could require us to further rebalance our geographic concentrations and could have a material adverse effect on our personnel, operations, financial results and business outlook.

The risks and uncertainties that we face are not limited to those set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business and the trading price of our common stock.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On September 23, 2022, in connection with the Company’s acquisition of all of the outstanding equity of S4N Holding, Inc. (“S4N”), a Panamanian corporation reported as one of the Other 2021 Acquisitions (see Note 3 “Acquisitions”), the Company issued 6,443 shares of common stock to the S4N sellers under the terms of the purchase agreement and following achievement of certain performance metrics set forth under the purchase agreement. All of the shares of common stock issued in connection with this issuance are restricted securities (as defined in Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”)). No underwriter was involved in this issuance and no underwriting commissions were paid. The transaction was exempt from the registration requirements of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, since the transaction did not involve any public offering.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1*	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
31.2*	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32.1*	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
*	Exhibits filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 4, 2022

EPAM SYSTEMS, INC.
By:	/s/ Arkadiy Dobkin
	Name: Arkadiy Dobkin
	Title: Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President (principal executive officer)
By:	/s/ Jason Peterson
	Name: Jason Peterson
	Title: Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial officer)

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