GOODWILL

Goodwill by reportable segment was as follows:



	North America			Europe		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2016	$	81,464		$	34,466	$	115,930
NavigationArts purchase accounting adjustment (Note 2)	2,030			—		2,030
AGS purchase accounting adjustment (Note 2)	(140		)	—		(140		)
Effect of net foreign currency exchange rate changes	139			656		795
Balance as of March 31, 2016	$	83,493		$	35,122	$	118,615

Excluded from the table above are the Other and Russia segments. In 2011, the Company recorded an accumulated impairment loss of $1,697 in the Other operating segment. In the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded an accumulated impairment loss of $2,241 for the Russia operating segment, reducing the carrying value of goodwill to zero. All existing assets that related to the Russia segment, excluding goodwill and including any unrecognized intangible assets, were assessed by management and deemed not to be impaired.

There were no accumulated impairments losses in any of the North America or Europe operating segments as of March 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015.