INTANGIBLE ASSETS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Intangible Assets Net Excluding Goodwill [Abstract]

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

5. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets consisted of the following items as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

	Trade name / trademark *			Core technology			Customer relationships			Patents and Other			Total
Gross Carrying Amount	$	12,311		$	13,356		$	25,608		$	312		$	51,587
Accumulated Amortization/Impairment		(1,704	)		(13,014	)		(22,240	)		(312	)		(37,270	)
Balance as of January 1, 2020	$	10,607		$	342		$	3,368		$	—		$	14,317
Gross Carrying Amount	$	12,305		$	13,315		$	25,566		$	312		$	51,498
Accumulated Amortization/Impairment		(1,698	)		(13,119	)		(22,433	)		(312	)		(37,562	)
Balance as of March 31, 2020	$	10,607		$	196		$	3,133		$	—		$	13,936

* Included in the tradename/trademark line above is the Rosetta Stone tradename, which is the Company's only indefinite-lived intangible asset. As of January 1, 2020 and March 31, 2020, the Rosetta Stone tradename comprised the entire tradename/trademark net carrying amount of $10.6 million.

Amortization Expense for the Long-lived Intangible Assets

The following table presents amortization of intangible assets included in the related financial statement line items during the respective periods (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Cost of revenue	$	146	$	146
Sales and marketing		235		235
Research and development		—		7
General and administrative		—		—
Total intangible amortization expense	$	381	$	388

The following table summarizes the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets for the remaining months of 2020 and years thereafter (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2020
2020 - remaining	$	901
2021		940
2022		940
2023		548
2024		—
Thereafter		—
Total	$	3,329

Impairment Reviews of Intangible Assets

The Company also routinely reviews indefinite-lived intangible assets and long-lived assets for potential impairment as part of the Company’s internal control framework. As an indefinite-lived intangible asset, the Rosetta Stone tradename was evaluated as of March 31, 2020 to determine if indicators of impairment exist, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company concluded that there were no potential indicators of impairment related to this indefinite-lived intangible asset. Additionally, all other long-lived intangible assets were evaluated to determine if indicators of impairment exist and the Company concluded that there are no potential indicators of impairment.