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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
 
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform Act”) was enacted into law. The Tax Reform Act significantly revises the U.S. corporate income tax laws by, amongst other things, reducing the corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%. In addition to the tax rate reduction, the legislation establishes new provisions that affect our 2018 results, including but not limited to, the creation of a new minimum tax called the base erosion anti-abuse tax ("BEAT"); a new provision that taxes U.S. allocated expenses (e.g. interest and general administrative expenses) and currently taxes certain income from foreign operations (Global Intangible Low-Tax Income, or “GILTI”); a new limitation on deductible interest expense; and limitations on the deductibility of certain employee compensation.

Certain impacts of the new legislation would have generally required accounting to be completed in the period of enactment, however in response to the complexities of this new legislation, the SEC issued guidance to provide companies with relief. The SEC provided up to a one-year window for companies to finalize the accounting for the impacts of this new legislation and we anticipate finalizing our accounting during 2018. While our accounting for the enactment of the new U.S. tax legislation is not complete, we have recorded an estimate of our full-year net GILTI cost in the amount of $0.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018. We have not changed our provisional transition tax estimated and recorded in the year ended December 31, 2017.

The Company's tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items. The Company’s reported effective income tax rate was (51.6)% and 29.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate each year due to certain operations that are subject to tax incentives, state and local taxes, and foreign taxes that are different than the U.S. federal statutory rate. In addition, the effective tax rate can be impacted each period by discrete factors and events.
 
The effective tax rates were affected by the fair value changes to contingent consideration for the three months ended March 31, 2017 only as the obligation was settled in the third quarter of 2017. Portions of the total amount recognized from fair value changes to contingent consideration relate to non-taxable acquisitions for which deferred taxes are not recognized, consistent with the treatment of goodwill and intangible assets for those acquisitions under GAAP. In the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, $0.0 million and $1.0 million of income, respectively, was recognized from fair value changes to contingent consideration.
 
Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will expire unutilized. At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the realizability of its deferred tax assets. Additionally, the Company continues to incur losses in jurisdictions which have valuation allowances against tax loss carryforwards, so a tax benefit has not been recognized in the financial statements for these losses.