10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from to

Commission File No. 001-32919

Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	20-3672603
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
12300 Grant Street, Thornton, CO	80241
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number including area code: 720-872-5000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of exchange on which registered
Common	ASTI	Nasdaq Capital Markets

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 14, 2023, there were 3,406,723 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding.

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

For the Period Ended September 30, 2023

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements	1
	Unaudited Condensed Balance Sheets - as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	1
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income - For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	2
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) - For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	3
	Unaudited Condensed Statements of Cash Flow - For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	5
	Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	25
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	25
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		27
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	27
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	27
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	28
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	28
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	28
Item 5.	Other Information	28
Item 6.	Exhibits	29
SIGNATURES		33

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future net sales or performance, capital expenditures, financing needs, plans or intentions relating to acquisitions, business trends and other information that is not historical information and, in particular, appear under headings including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Overview.” When used in this Quarterly Report, the words “estimates,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “intends,” “believes,” “forecasts,” “foresees,” “likely,” “may,” “should,” “goal,” “target,” and variations of such words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based upon information available to us on the date of this Quarterly Report.

These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements, including, among other things, the matters discussed in this Quarterly Report in the sections captioned “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Factors you should consider that could cause these differences are:

•Our operating history and lack of profitability;

•Our ability to develop demand for, and sales of, our products;

•Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel to implement our business plan and corporate growth strategies;

•Our ability to develop sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

•Our ability to successfully develop and maintain strategic relationships with key partners;

•The accuracy of our estimates and projections;

•Our ability to secure additional financing to fund our short-term and long-term financial needs;

•Our ability to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

•The commencement, or outcome, of legal proceedings against us, or by us, including ongoing litigation proceedings;

•Changes in our business plan or corporate strategies;

•The extent to which we are able to manage the growth of our operations effectively, both domestically and abroad, whether directly owned or indirectly through licenses;

•The supply, availability and price of equipment, components and raw materials, including the elements needed to produce our photovoltaic modules;

•Our ability to expand and protect the intellectual property portfolio that relates to our photovoltaic modules and processes;

•Our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;

•Our ability to achieve projected operational performance and cost metrics;

•General economic and business conditions, and in particular, conditions specific to the solar power industry;

•The impact of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and liquidity; and

•Other risks and uncertainties discussed in greater detail elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

There may be other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results referred to in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances after the date made, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

References to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Ascent,” “Ascent Solar” or the “Company” in this Quarterly Report mean Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Financial Statements

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2023			2022
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,249,764		$	11,483,018
Trade receivables, net of allowance of $0 and $26,000, respectively		-			1,769
Inventories, net		636,019			615,283
Prepaid and other current assets		258,691			344,110
Total current assets		3,144,474			12,444,180
Property, Plant and Equipment:		24,182,295			22,590,169
Accumulated depreciation		(20,125,328	)		(22,038,508	)
Property, Plant and Equipment, net		4,056,967			551,661
Other Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		2,476,958			4,324,514
Patents, net of accumulated amortization of $168,595 and $154,218    respectively		84,925			79,983
Equity method investment		65,779			61,379
Other non-current assets		1,327,543			1,214,985
		3,955,205			5,680,861
Total Assets	$	11,156,646		$	18,676,702
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,300,814		$	595,157
Related party payables		27,885			67,164
Accrued expenses		984,568			888,869
Accrued payroll		585,774			927,264
Accrued professional services fees		791,679			952,573
Accrued interest		668,495			559,060
Current portion of operating lease liability		471,497			733,572
Conversions payable (Note 11)		6,470,540			-
Current portion of convertible notes, net		319,541			-
Other payable		250,000			250,000
Total current liabilities		11,870,793			4,973,659
Long-Term Liabilities:
Non-current operating lease liabilities		2,171,440			3,827,878
Non-current convertible notes, net		-			5,268,399
Accrued warranty liability		21,225			21,225
Total liabilities		14,063,458			14,091,161
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit):
Series A preferred stock, $.0001 par value; 750,000 shares authorized; 48,100    and 48,100 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($886,777 and    $850,301 Liquidation Preference, respectively)		5			5
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 authorized; 549,199    and 259,323 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		55			26
Additional paid in capital		468,075,287			452,139,027
Accumulated deficit		(470,987,945	)		(447,537,493	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		5,786			(16,024	)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)		(2,906,812	)		4,585,541
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	$	11,156,646		$	18,676,702

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

1

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenues
Products	$	209,496		$	6,344		$	395,106		$	688,125
Milestone and engineering		20,458			-			60,374			522,000
Total Revenues		229,954			6,344			455,480			1,210,125
Costs and Expenses
Costs of revenue		692,752			409,819			1,820,816			1,519,703
Research, development and manufacturing    operations		344,942			1,540,170			2,832,956			4,399,765
Selling, general and administrative		1,407,493			1,890,218			4,178,146			3,583,366
Share-based compensation		139,067			3,796,151			2,104,378			3,796,151
Depreciation and amortization		23,723			20,497			73,947			54,998
Total Costs and Expenses		2,607,977			7,656,855			11,010,243			13,353,983
Loss from Operations		(2,378,023	)		(7,650,511	)		(10,554,763	)		(12,143,858	)
Other Income/(Expense)
Other income/(expense), net		756,859			20,000			766,859			22,000
Interest expense		(288,109	)		(252,571	)		(2,118,023	)		(2,371,256	)
Total Other Income/(Expense)		468,750			(232,571	)		(1,351,164	)		(2,349,256	)
Income/(Loss) on Equity Method Investments		-			(27,484	)		(170	)		(27,486	)
Net Income/(Loss)		(1,909,273	)		(7,910,566	)		(11,906,097	)		(14,520,600	)
Net Income/(Loss) Per Share (Basic and Diluted)	$	(4.04	)	$	(47.71	)	$	(66.40	)	$	(101.70	)
Weighted Average Common Shares    Outstanding (Basic)		473,159			165,795			354,830			14,277
Weighted Average Common Shares    Outstanding (Diluted)		473,159			165,795			354,830			14,277
Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Foreign currency translation gain/(loss)		19,940			(2,671	)		21,810			(16,024	)
Net Comprehensive Income/(Loss)	$	(1,889,333	)	$	(7,913,237	)	$	(11,884,287	)	$	(14,536,624	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

2

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(unaudited)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

	Series A Preferred Stock				Series 1B Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Other Accumulated Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Loss			(Deficit)
Balance at January 1, 2023		48,100	$	5		-	$	-		259,323	$	26	$	452,139,027		$	(447,537,493	)	$	(16,024	)	$	4,585,541
Impact of adopting ASU 2020-06		-		-		-		-		-		-		(3,795,874	)		109,631			-			(3,686,243	)
Balance at January 1, 2023, as adjusted		48,100	$	5		-	$	-		259,323	$	26	$	448,343,153		$	(447,427,862	)	$	(16,024	)	$	899,298
Conversion of L1 Note    into Common Stock		-		-		-		-		45,129		5		1,240,813			-			-			1,240,818
Conversion of Sabby Note into    Common Stock		-		-		-		-		63,030		6		2,123,643			-			-			2,123,649
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		-		-		1,965,311			-			-			1,965,311
Common stock issued for services		-		-		-		-		1,425		-		92,750			-			-			92,750
Proceeds from issurance of    Series 1B Preferred Stock		-		-		900		-		-		-		900,000			-			-			900,000
Preferred Stock issuance cost														(20,000	)								(20,000	)
Down round deemed dividend		-		-		-		-		-		-		11,653,986			(11,653,986	)		-			-
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			(9,996,824	)		-			(9,996,824	)
Foreign Currency Translation    Gain/(Loss)		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			-			1,870			1,870
Balance at June 30, 2023		48,100	$	5		900	$	-		368,907	$	37	$	466,299,656		$	(469,078,672	)	$	(14,154	)	$	(2,793,128	)
Conversion of L1 Note    into Common Stock		-		-		-		-		106,250		11		(603,668	)		-			-			(603,657	)
Conversion of Sabby Note into    Common Stock		-		-		-		-		74,042		7		151,942			-			-			151,949
Prepayment of Common Stock    purchase		-		-		-		-		-		-		2,088,290			-			-			2,088,290
Share-based compensation		-		-		-		-		-		-		139,067			-			-			139,067
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			(1,909,273	)		-			(1,909,273	)
Foreign Currency Translation    Gain/(Loss)		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			-			19,940			19,940
Balance at September 30, 2023		48,100	$	5		900	$	-		549,199	$	55	$	468,075,287		$	(470,987,945	)	$	5,786		$	(2,906,812	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

3

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(unaudited)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

	Series A Preferred Stock				Series 1A Preferred Stock					Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Other Accumulated Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Loss			(Deficit)
Balance at January 1, 2022		48,100	$	5		3,700		$	-		113,256	$	12	$	424,949,165		$	(427,782,788	)	$	-		$	(2,833,606	)
Conversion of TubeSolar Series 1A    Preferred Stock into Common    Stock		-		-		(2,400	)		-		24,000		2		(2	)		-			-			-
Conversion of Crowdex Series 1A    Preferred Stock into Common    Stock		-		-		(1,300	)		-		13,000		1		(1	)		-			-			-
Conversion of BD1 Note    into Common Stock		-		-		-			-		79,000		8		7,899,992			-			-			7,900,000
Conversion of Nanyang Note    into Common Stock		-		-		-			-		6,000		1		599,999			-			-			600,000
Conversion of Fleur Note into    Common Stock		-		-		-			-		7,000		1		699,999			-			-			700,000
Net Loss		-		-		-			-		-		-		-			(6,610,034	)		-			(6,610,034	)
Foreign Currency Translation    Gain/(Loss)		-		-		-			-		-		-		-			-			(13,353	)		(13,353	)
Balance at June 30, 2022		48,100	$	5		-		$	-		242,256	$	25	$	434,149,152		$	(434,392,822	)	$	(13,353	)	$	(256,993	)
Conversion of Nanyang Note    into Common Stock		-		-		-			-		9,000		1		899,999			-			-			900,000
Conversion of Fleur Note into    Common Stock		-		-		-			-		3,000		-		300,000			-			-			300,000
Proceeds from private placement:		-		-		-			-		-				-			-			-			-
Common stock (8/19 @$540)		-		-		-			-		4,717		-		2,551,405			-			-			2,551,405
Warrants (8/19 @ $346)		-		-		-			-		-		-		2,448,595			-			-			2,448,595
Private placement costs		-		-		-			-		-		-		(119,617	)		-			-			(119,617	)
Share-based compensation		-		-		-			-		-		-		3,796,150			-			-			3,796,150
Net Loss		-		-		-			-		-		-		-			(7,910,566	)		-			(7,910,566	)
Foreign Currency Translation    Gain/(Loss)		-		-		-			-		-		-		-			-			(2,671	)		(2,671	)
Balance at September 30, 2022		48,100	$	5		-		$	-		258,973	$	26	$	444,025,684		$	(442,303,388	)	$	(16,024	)	$	1,706,303

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

4

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023			2022
Operating Activities:
Net income/(loss)	$	(11,906,097	)	$	(14,520,600	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		73,947			54,998
Share-based compensation		2,104,378			3,796,150
Services paid in common stock		92,750			—
Gain on lease modification		(84,678	)		—
Loss on disposal of assets		77,210			—
Operating lease asset amortization		555,240			515,803
Amortization of debt discount		1,773,621			2,323,153
Inventory reserve expense		111,028			—
Loss on equity method investment		170			27,486
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		1,769			(62,750	)
Inventories		(131,764	)		(92,213	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(27,139	)		(746,922	)
Accounts payable		705,657			74,889
Related party payable		(39,279	)		(2,334	)
Operating lease liabilities		(541,519	)		(486,848	)
Accrued interest		109,435			45,825
Accrued expenses		(204,127	)		1,147,577
Net cash used in operating activities		(7,329,398	)		(7,925,786	)
Investing Activities:
Contributions to equity method investment		—			(83,559	)
Payments on purchase of assets		(3,844,644	)		(94,140	)
Patent activity costs		(19,319	)		(8,004	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(3,863,963	)		(185,703	)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of Series 1B Preferred Stock		880,000			—
Proceeds from issuance of bridge loan		—			1,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of stock and warrants		—			4,000,000
Prepayment of Equity Offering		2,088,290			—
Payment of convertible notes		(1,025,423	)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		1,942,867			5,000,000
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash		17,240			—
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(9,233,254	)		(3,111,489	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		11,483,018			5,961,760
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	2,249,764		$	2,850,271
Non-Cash Transactions:
Conversion of bridge loan into common stock and warrants	$	—		$	1,000,000
Right-of-use assets acquired through operating lease liabilities	$	—		$	21,045
Purchase and return of equipment purchased on credit	$	(202,556	)	$	202,556
Non-cash conversions of convertible notes to equity	$	2,912,759		$	10,400,000
Series 1A preferred stock conversion	$	—		$	740
Down round deemed dividend	$	11,653,986		$	—
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$	233,436		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

5

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION

Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. (the “Company") is focusing on integrating its photovoltaic ("PV") products into scalable and high value markets such as agrivoltaics, aerospace, satellites, near earth orbiting vehicles, and fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles (“UAV”). The value proposition of Ascent’s proprietary solar technology not only aligns with the needs of customers in these industries, but also overcomes many of the obstacles other solar technologies face in these unique markets. Ascent has the capability to design and develop finished products for end users in these areas as well as collaborate with strategic partners to design and develop custom integrated solutions for products like fixed-wing UAVs. Ascent sees significant overlap of the needs of end users across these industries and can achieve economies of scale in sourcing, development, and production in commericializing products for these customers.

On March 13, 2023, the Company redeployed its Thornton manufacturing facility as a Perovskite Center of Excellence and dedicated the facility to the industrial commercialization of the Company's patent-pending Perovskite solar technologies. On April 18, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of the manufacturing assets of Flisom AG ("Flisom"), a Zurich based thin-film solar manufacturer and on June 16, 2023, exercised a put option to sell the assets (see Note 5). The Company is planning to restart production at its Thornton facility.

On September 11, 2023, the Company effected a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of one-for-two hundred (the “Reverse Stock Split”). The Company’s common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis on September 12, 2023. Stockholders also received one whole share of common stock in lieu of a fractional share and no fractional shares were issued. All shares and per share amounts in the unaudited condensed financial statements and accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split.

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying, unaudited, condensed financial statements have been derived from the accounting records of the Company as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022.

The accompanying, unaudited, condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes typically found in U.S. GAAP audited annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair statement have been included. The Condensed Balance Sheet at December 31, 2022, has been derived from the audited financial statements as of that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. These unaudited condensed financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

NOTE 3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company’s significant accounting policies were described in Note 3 to the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Except for the adoption of FASB ASU No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”) as disclosed below, there have been no significant changes to our accounting policies as of September 30, 2023.

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Revenue Recognition:

Product revenue. The Company recognizes revenue for the sale of PV modules and other equipment sales at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of the underlying contracts. For module and other equipment sales contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices, or estimates of such prices, and recognizes the related revenue as control of each individual product is transferred to the customer.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized product revenue of $209,496 and $6,344, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized product revenue of $395,106 and $688,125, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, one customer comprised 100% and 75% of total product revenue, respectively.

Milestone and engineering revenue. Each milestone and engineering arrangement is a separate performance obligation. The transaction price is estimated using the most likely amount method and revenue is recognized as the performance obligation is satisfied through achieving manufacturing, cost, or engineering targets. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized total milestone and engineering revenue of $20,458 and $–, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized total milestone and engineering revenue of $60,374 and $522,000, respectively. $512,000 of the $522,000 earned in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was earned from TubeSolar AG (“TubeSolar”), a related party.

Government contracts revenue. Revenue from government research and development contracts is generated under terms that are cost plus fee or firm fixed price. The Company generally recognizes this revenue over time using cost-based input methods, which recognizes revenue and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs of the contract. In applying cost-based input methods of revenue recognition, the Company uses the actual costs incurred relative to the total estimated costs to determine our progress towards contract completion and to calculate the corresponding amount of revenue to recognize.

Cost based input methods of revenue recognition are considered a faithful depiction of the Company’s efforts to satisfy long-term government research and development contracts and therefore reflect the performance obligations under such contracts. Costs incurred that do not contribute to satisfying the Company’s performance obligations are excluded from the input methods of revenue recognition as the amounts are not reflective of transferring control under the contract. Costs incurred towards contract completion may include direct costs plus allowable indirect costs and an allocable portion of the fixed fee. If actual and estimated costs to complete a contract indicate a loss, provision is made currently for the loss anticipated on the contract.

No government contract revenue was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Accounts Receivable. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had an accounts receivable, net balance of $– and $1,769, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $– and $26,000, respectively.

Deferred revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:

Balance as of January 1, 2023	$	13,000
Additions		29,350
Recognized as revenue		(42,350	)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	-

Earnings per Share: Earnings per share (“EPS”) are the amount of earnings attributable to each share of common stock. Basic EPS has been computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Income available to common stockholders has been computed by deducting dividends accumulated for the period on cumulative preferred stock (whether or not earned) and deemed dividends due to down round financings from net income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, income available to common stockholders was adjusted for deemed dividends due to down round financings of $11,653,986 (Note 11). Diluted earnings per share has been computed by dividing income available to common stockholders adjusted on an if-converted basis for the period by the

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weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common share outstanding (which consist of warrants, options, restricted stock units and convertible securities using the if-converted or treasury stock method to the extent they are dilutive). Approximately 1,144 thousand and 381 shares of dilutive shares were excluded from the three months period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, EPS calculation as their impact is antidilutive. Approximately 537 thousand and 58 shares of dilutive shares were excluded from the nine months period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, EPS calculation as their impact is antidilutive.

Net loss attributable to common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:

	Three months ended			Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(11,906,097	)
Down round deemed dividend		-			(11,653,986	)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(1,909,273	)		(23,560,083	)
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(4.04	)		(66.40	)

Recently Adopted or to be Adopted Accounting Policies

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2020-06. The adoption resulted in the elimination of the beneficial conversion feature recognized on the Company’s convertible debt. The Company elected to apply the modified retrospective method to all open contracts as of January 1, 2023, and the cumulative effect of initially applying ASU 2020-06 was recognized as an adjustment to the Company’s retained earnings balance as of January 1, 2023. Comparative periods have not been restated and continue to be reported under the accounting standard in effect for those periods.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company’s January 1, 2023, unaudited condensed balance sheet for the adoption of ASU 2020-06 is as follows:

	Balance at December 31, 2022			Adjustments Due to Adoption			Balance at January 1, 2023
Liabilities
Non-current convertible notes, net	$	5,268,399		$	3,686,243		$	8,954,642
Shareholders' equity
Additional paid in capital		452,135,653			(3,795,874	)		448,339,779
Accumulated deficit		(447,537,493	)		109,631			(447,427,862	)

The impact due to the change in accounting principle on net income and earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

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	Post ASU 2020-06			Pre ASU 2020-06			Difference
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(5,668,147	)	$	3,758,874
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(1,909,273	)		(5,668,147	)		3,758,874
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(4.04	)		(11.98	)		(7.94	)
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(11,906,097	)	$	(20,553,708	)	$	8,647,611
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(23,560,083	)		(32,207,694	)		8,647,611
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(66.40	)		(90.77	)		(24.37	)

Other new pronouncements issued but not effective as of September 30, 2023 are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements.

NOTE 4. LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company entered into multiple financing agreements to fund operations. Further discussion of these transactions can be found in Notes 12 and 15 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In March 2023, the Company redeployed its Thornton manufacturing facility to focus on industrial commercialization of the Company's patent-pending Perovskite solar technologies. In April 2023, the Company purchased manufacturing assets in Zurich, Switzerland with plans to commence manufacturing using this equipment; however, in June 2023, Management exercised its put option to sell the this equipment (see Note 5) and is planning to restart production at its Thornton facility. Management does not expect that sales revenue and cash flows will be sufficient to support operations and cash requirements until the Company is able to achieve large scale production capacities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 the Company used $7,329,398 in cash for operations.

Additionally, projected revenues may not result in a positive cash flow position for the next twelve months. The Company had a working capital deficit of $8,726,319 as of September 30, 2023. Management does not believe cash liquidity is sufficient for the next twelve months and will require additional financing.

The Company continues to look for ways to produce its PV films at industrial scale and to secure long-term contracts for the sale of such output. The Company continues activities related to securing additional financing through strategic investors, but there is no assurance the Company will be able to raise additional capital on acceptable terms or at all. If the Company's revenues do not increase rapidly, and/or additional financing is not obtained, the Company will be required to significantly curtail operations to reduce costs and/or sell assets. Such actions would likely have an adverse impact on the Company's future operations.

As a result of the Company’s recurring losses from operations and the need for additional financing to fund its operating and capital requirements, there is uncertainty regarding the Company’s ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate its business effectively, which raises doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Management cannot provide any assurances that the Company will be successful in accomplishing any of its plans. These unaudited condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

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NOTE 5. ASSET ACQUISITION

On April 17, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”) with Flisom (the “Seller”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company purchased certain assets relating to thin-film photovoltaic manufacturing and production from the Seller (collectively, the “Assets”), including (i) certain manufacturing equipment located at Seller’s Niederhasli, Switzerland facility (the “Manufacturing Facility”) and (ii) related inventory and raw materials at the Manufacturing Facility (collectively, the “Transaction”). In connection with the Transaction, the Company also acquired, by operation of Swiss law, the employment contracts of certain employees of Seller in Switzerland who are functionally predominantly working with the Assets, subject to such employees being offered the right to remain employed by Seller after the closing of the Transaction. The total consideration paid by the Company to Seller in connection with the Transaction was an aggregate amount in cash equal to $2,800,000.

At the Closing, the Company and Seller also entered into (i) a Transition Services Agreement requiring the Seller to provide transition support for the Company’s operation of the Assets, with fees to be paid by the Company for performing defined support services, (ii) a Sublease Agreement allowing the Company’s to use the Manufacturing Facility where the Assets are located, and (iii) a Technology License Agreement, pursuant to which Seller granted the Company a revocable, non-exclusive license to certain intellectual property rights of the Seller used in the operation of the Assets (the “Licensed IP”), subject to certain encumbrances on the Licensed IP in favor of Seller’s lender. The Company will also receive proceeds from fulfilling a supply agreement obligation for one of the Seller’s customers.

The total purchase price, including transaction costs of $1,283,926, was allocated as follows:

	Asset Price Allocation
Inventory
Raw Material	$	130,030
Finished Goods		62,427
Other Assets		98,746
Fixed Assets
Manufacturing machinery and equipment		3,682,621
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and    computer software		110,102

In addition to the Asset Purchase Agreement, on April 20, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with FL1 Holding GmbH, a German company (“FL1”) that is affiliated with BD 1 Investment Holding, LLC (“BD1”), an affiliate of the Company, BD1 and BD Vermögensverwaltung GmbH (“BD”), the parent entity of FL1 (collectively, the “Affiliates”), in connection with the prospective acquisition by FL1 of substantially all shares in Seller following the Closing, subject to the satisfaction of certain terms and conditions. The Letter Agreement, among other things, granted the Company the option, but not the obligation, (i) to purchase certain intellectual property rights of Seller relating to thin-film photovoltaic manufacture and production for $2,000,000 following the release of certain liens on such intellectual property rights in favor of Seller’s lender, and (ii) for a period of 12 months following the Closing, to resell the Assets to the Affiliates for an aggregate amount equal to $5,000,000, with such transaction to close within 90 days following the exercise of the Company’s resale right. On June 16, 2023, the Company exercised its option to resell the Assets to the Affiliates. The Company has not received payment on this option and Management continues to discuss with the Affiliates the Company's options and rights to resolve this matter.

In September, 2023, Flisom filed for bankruptcy in Switzerland. These proceeding are in the initial phase in which the bankruptcy office will need to determine if the proceedings can be carried out with a creditors' meeting, without a creditors' meeting, or will be discontinued due to lack of Flisom assets to pay for these proceedings. The Company's purchased Assets are currently located in the Manufacturing Facility.

Management has retained legal counsel who have been in discussions with the bankruptcy office and the Manufacturing Facility landlord. While it is too early to predict the outcome of this matter or whether an adverse result would have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial position, Management continues to assess its options.

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As of September 30, 2023, the Company's the book value of the Assets was approximately $4,070 thousand and the Company had a payable to Flisom of approximately $750 thousand.

NOTE 6. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

On September 15, 2021, the Company entered into a Long-Term Supply and Joint Development Agreement (“JDA”) with TubeSolar. Under the terms of the JDA, the Company will produce, and TubeSolar will purchase, thin-film photovoltaic (“PV”) foils (“PV Foils”) for use in TubeSolar’s solar modules for agricultural photovoltaic (“APV”) applications that require solar foils for its production. Additionally, the Company will receive (i) up to $4 million of non-recurring engineering (“NRE”) fees, (ii) up to $13.5 million of payments upon achievement of certain agreed upon production and cost structure milestones and (iii) product revenues from sales of PV Foils to TubeSolar. The JDA has no fixed term, and may only be terminated by either party for breach. No revenue was recognized under the JDA during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. $512,000 of NRE revenue were recognized under the JDA during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. In June, 2023, TubeSolar filed an application for the opening of insolvency proceedings with the competent insolvency court due to insolvency.

The Company and TubeSolar have also jointly established Ascent Solar Technologies Germany GmbH (“Ascent Germany”), in which TubeSolar holds 30% of the entity. Ascent Germany was established to operate a PV manufacturing facility in Germany that will produce and deliver PV Foils exclusively to TubeSolar. The parties expect to jointly develop next generation tooling for use in manufacturing PV Foils at the JV facility. The Company accounts for this investment as an equity method investment as it does not have control of this entity, but does have significant influence over the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s operations and financial performance. The Company contributed $- and $83,559 to Ascent Germany during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There has been no material activity in Ascent Germany since its establishment and the Company currently cannot quantify its maximum exposure in this entity.

NOTE 7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30,			As of December 31,
	2023			2022
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and    computer software	$	578,690		$	482,235
Manufacturing machinery and equipment		23,552,252			21,739,504
Leasehold improvements		15,994			87,957
Manufacturing machinery and equipment,    in progress		35,359			280,473
Depreciable property, plant and equipment		24,182,295			22,590,169
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(20,125,328	)		(22,038,508	)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	4,056,967		$	551,661

Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $18,931 and $15,705, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $59,570 and $40,623, respectively. Depreciation expense is recorded under “Depreciation and amortization expense” in the unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations.

NOTE 8. OPERATING LEASE

The Company’s lease is primarily comprised of approximately 100,000 rentable square feet for its manufacturing and operations. This lease is classified and accounted for as an operating lease. The building lease term is for 88 months commencing on September 21, 2020 at a rent of $50,000 per month including taxes, insurance and common area maintenance until December 31, 2020. Beginning January 1, 2021, the rent adjusted to $80,000 per month on a triple net basis and shall increase at an annual rate of 3% per annum until December 31, 2027.

Effective September 1, 2023, the lease was amended to reduce the rentable square feet from 100,000 to 73,319 and the rent and tenant share of expenses were decreased in proportion to the reduction in rentable square feet. The Company recorded this as a lease modification in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, and recorded a reduction to the right of use asset and lease

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liability of $1,292,316 and $1,376,994, respectively. The Company recognized a gain on the lease modification of $84,678, which was recorded as other income in the unaudited Condensed Statement of Operations.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases were as follows:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$	2,476,958	$	4,324,514
Current portion of operating lease liability		471,497		733,572
Non-current portion of operating lease liability		2,171,440		3,827,878

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded operating lease expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses of $236,925 and $261,069, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded operating lease expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses of $770,836 and $777,854, respectively.

Future maturities of the operating lease liability are as follows:

Remainder of 2023	$	186,682
2024		769,130
2025		792,203
2026		815,969
2027		840,449
Total lease payments		3,404,433
Less amounts representing interest		(761,496	)
Present value of lease liability	$	2,642,937

The remaining weighted average lease term and discount rate of the operating leases is 51 months and 12.0%, respectively.

NOTE 9. INVENTORIES

Inventories, net of reserves, consisted of the following at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Raw materials	$	577,536	$	577,799
Work in process		10,267		37,351
Finished goods		48,216		133
Total	$	636,019	$	615,283

NOTE 10. OTHER PAYABLE

On June 30, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement with a vendor (“Vendor”) to convert the balance of their account into a note payable in the amount of $250,000. The note bears interest of 5% per annum and matured on February 28, 2018. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had not made any payments on this note, the accrued interest was $78,185, and the note is due upon demand. This note is recorded as Other payable in the unaudited Condensed Balance Sheets.

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NOTE 11. CONVERTIBLE NOTES

The following table provides a summary of the activity of the Company's secured, convertible, promissory notes:

	Principal Balance 12/31/2022		Notes converted			Principal Balance 9/30/2023		Less: Discount Balance			Net Principal Balance 9/30/2023
Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, LTD	$	7,392,899	$	(7,392,899	)	$	—	$	—		$	—
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd		7,500,000		(7,093,333	)		406,667		(87,126	)		319,541
	$	14,892,899	$	(14,486,232	)	$	406,667	$	(87,126	)	$	319,541

Sabby / L1 Convertible Notes

On December 19, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Contract (the “Securities Purchase Contract”) with two institutional investors (each, an “Investor” and collectively, the “Investors”) for the issuance to the Investors of $12,500,000 in aggregate principal amount of Senior Secured Original Issue 10% Discount Convertible Advance Notes pursuant to a direct registered offering (the “Registered Advance Notes”) and $2,500,000 in aggregate principal amount of Senior Secured Original Issue 10% Discount Convertible Advance Notes in a concurrent private placement (the “Private Placement Advance Notes” and, together with the Registered Advance Notes, the “Advance Notes”).

On March 29, 2023, the Company and each of the Investors entered into a Waiver and Amendment Agreement (the “Amendment”) relating to the Securities Purchase Contract and the Advance Notes to waive any event of default arising under Section 2.1 of the Advance Notes relating to the Company’s receipt of notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that the Company is not in compliance with the $1.00 Minimum Bid Price Requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Specified Default”).

Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company and each of the Investors agreed to waive the Specified Default and further agreed to the amend the Advance Notes to provide that (i) the new “Floor Price” for all purposes of the Advance Notes is $0.20 per share of the Company’s common stock, (ii) until the Company regains compliance with the $1.00 Minimum Bid Price Requirement, “Conversion Price” under the Advance Notes will mean the “Alternative Conversion Price” (as defined in the Advance Notes) and (iii) the Company will make certain prepayments of the Advance Notes held by the Investors on the following dates and in the following aggregate cash amounts, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Advance Notes to be repaid plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon (if any). The Company's failure to comply with the terms of the Amendment would constitute an Event of Default under the Advance Notes.

On April 12, 2023, the Company and each of the Investors entered in a further amendment to the Amendment (the “Revised Amendment”), to provide for a consistent prepayment schedule for the Advance Notes held by each of the Investors. After giving effect to the Revised Amendment, the Advance Notes will be prepaid by the Company in cash on the following dates and in the following aggregate amounts, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Advance Notes to be prepaid plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon (if any). The Company’s failure to comply with the terms of the Revised Amendment would constitute an “Event of Default” under the Advance Notes.

Prepayment Date	Aggregate
April 3, 2023	$	333,333
April 13, 2023		333,333
May 18, 2023		666,667
June 19, 2023		666,667
	$	2,000,000

On May 22, 2023, the Investors and the Company agreed to defer for 90 days each of the two prepayments of $666,667 that were scheduled for May 18, 2023 and June 19, 2023. Accordingly, (i) the May 18, 2023 payment is deferred until August 16, 2023, and (ii) the June 19, 2023 payment is delayed until September 17, 2023.

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On May 25, 2023, the Company and each of the Investors entered into a Waiver and Amendment Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) relating to the Securities Purchase Contract and the Advance Notes. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, the Company and each of the Investors agreed to amend the Advance Notes to provide that if the Company receives a Notice of Conversion at a time that the Conversion Price (or, as applicable, the Alternative Conversion Price) then in effect Price, without regard to the Floor Price (the “Applicable Conversion Price”), is less than the Floor Price then in effect, the Company shall issue a number of shares equal to the Conversion Amount divided by such Floor Price and, at its election (x) pay the economic difference between the Applicable Conversion Price and such Floor Price (the “Outstanding Conversion Amount”) in cash at such time or (y) pay the Outstanding Conversion Amount following the consummation of a reverse stock split by the Company (1) in cash or (2) by issuing to the Holder a number of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate value equal to the Outstanding Conversion Amount, with the value per share of Common Stock for purposes of such calculation equal to (i) if such shares are issued on or prior to August 23, 2023, the daily VWAP of the Common Stock on the Trading Day following the date of the consummation of such reverse stock split or (ii) if such shares are issued after August 23, 2023, 90% of the daily VWAP of the Common Stock on the Trading Day following the date of the consummation of such reverse stock split. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $6,470,540 in Outstanding Conversion Amounts recorded as Conversions Payable on the unaudited Condensed Balance Sheets.

The Securities Purchase Contract also included certain warrants to purchase up to 12,567 shares of common stock (the "Warrants"). The Warrants were issued with an exercise price equal to $786 per share, subject to certain adjustments in certain events, including the future issuance by the Company of securities with a purchase or conversion, exercise or exchange price that is less than the exercise price of the Warrants then in effect at any time.

On April 14, 2023 the Company entered a securities purchase agreement (“SPA”) with Lucro Investments VCC-ESG Opportunities Fund (“Lucro”) for an approximate $9 million private placement (the “Private Placement”) of an aggregate of 37,500 shares of the Company’s Common Stock. The per share purchase price for the Shares is $240 per share. The terms of the SPA with Lucro triggered certain adjustments to the Advance Notes and the Warrants in accordance with the existing terms of the outstanding Advance Notes and the outstanding Warrants. Following these adjustments:

1.The fixed conversion price of the remaining principal outstanding on the Advance Notes was lowered to $73.22 per share of Common Stock;

2.The exercise price of the outstanding Warrants was lowered to $73.22 per share of Common Stock; and

3.The number of shares that the Warrants are exercisable for increased from 12,567 to 134,904 shares of Common Stock.

On June 29, 2023 the Company entered a securities purchase agreement (“Series 1B SPA”) with accredited investors (the "Accredited Investors") for the private placement of $900,000 for 900 shares of the Company’s newly designated Series 1B Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series 1B Preferred Stock”) (Note 13). Shares of the Series 1B Preferred Stock are convertible at the option of the holder into common stock at an initial conversion price of equal to $28.00 per share.

The terms of the Series 1B SPA triggered certain further adjustments to the Advance Notes and the Warrants in accordance with the existing terms of the outstanding Advance Notes and the outstanding Warrants. Following these further adjustments in June 2023:

1.The fixed conversion price of the remaining principal outstanding on the Advance Notes was lowered to $25.36 per share of Common Stock;

2.The exercise price of the outstanding Warrants was lowered to $25.36 per share of Common Stock; and

3.The number of shares that the Warrants are exercisable for increased from 134,904 to 389,500 shares of Common Stock.

Pursuant to ASC 260, Earnings per Share, the Company recorded a deemed dividend for the down round adjustments of $11,653,986 which reduced income available to common shareholders in the Company's earnings per share calculations.

Under the existing terms of the Advance Notes the conversion price may in no event be less than a floor price (the “Floor Price”) of $40 currently. The new adjusted fixed conversion price of the Advance Notes ($1.765) is less than the Floor Price. Accordingly, upon conversion of the Advance Notes, the Company shall issue a number of shares equal to the Conversion

14

Amount divided by such Floor Price and, at its election (x) pay the economic difference between the Applicable Conversion Price and such Floor Price (the “Outstanding Conversion Amount”) in cash at such time or (y) pay the Outstanding Conversion Amount following the consummation of a reverse stock split by the Company (1) in cash or (2) by issuing to the Holder a number of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate value equal to the Outstanding Conversion Amount, with the value per share of Common Stock for purposes of such calculation equal to (i) if such shares are issued on or prior to August 23, 2023, the daily VWAP of the Common Stock on the Trading Day following the date of the consummation of such reverse stock split or (ii) if such shares are issued after August 23, 2023, 90% of the daily VWAP of the Common Stock on the Trading Day following the date of the consummation of such reverse stock split.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company settled $14.5 million of principal as follows:

	Debt Settlement
Equity issued for convertible debt	$	2,912,759
Conversions payable		6,470,540
Cash repayments		1,025,423
Accelerated discount recognized in APIC		4,077,510
Principal settled during the nine months ended September 30, 2023	$	14,486,232

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had interest expense of $271,162 and $2,070,669, respectively, of which, $231,536 and $1,773,633 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, was due to accretion of discount on the Advanced Notes. Interest payable was $85,731 as of September 30, 2023.

NOTE 12. SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK

As of January 1, 2023, there were 48,100 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends at a rate of 8% per annum when and if declared by the Board of Directors at its sole discretion. The dividends may be paid in cash or in the form of common stock (valued at 10% below market price, but not to exceed the lowest closing price during the applicable measurement period), at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The dividend rate on the Series A Preferred Stock is indexed to the Company's stock price and subject to adjustment.

The Series A Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of common stock at the option of the Company if the closing price of the common stock exceeds $232 million, adjusted for reverse stock splits, for twenty consecutive trading days, or by the holder at any time. The Company has the right to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock at a price of $8.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, plus the make-whole amount (if applicable). At September 30, 2023, the preferred shares were not eligible for conversion to common shares at the option of the Company. The holder of the preferred shares may convert to common shares at any time. After making adjustment for the Company’s prior reverse stock splits, all 48,100 outstanding Series A preferred shares are convertible into less than one common share. Upon any conversion (whether at the option of the Company or the holder), the holder is entitled to receive any accrued but unpaid dividends.

Except as otherwise required by law (or with respect to approval of certain actions), the Series A Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, after payment or provision for payment of debts and other liabilities of the Company, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, pari passu with any distribution to the holders of common stock of the Company, an amount equal to $8.00 per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus any accrued and unpaid dividends.

As of September 30, 2023, there were 48,100 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding and accrued and unpaid dividends of $501,977.

NOTE 13. SERIES 1B PREFERRED STOCK

On June 29, 2023, the Company entered into the Series 1B SPA with Accredited Investors for the private placement of 900 shares of Series 1B Preferred Stock for $900,000 gross proceeds.

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The Series 1B Preferred Stock ranks senior to the common stock with respect to dividends and rights upon liquidation. Holders of the Series 1B Preferred Stock do not have voting rights and are not entitled to any fixed rate of dividends; however, if the Company pays a dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions payable on shares of common stock, then the Company will make a dividend or distribution to the holders of the Series 1B Preferred Stock in such amounts as each share of Series 1B Preferred Stock would have been entitled to receive if such share of Series 1B Preferred Stock was converted into shares of common stock at the time of payment of the stock dividend or distribution.

There is no scheduled or mandatory redemption for the Series 1B Preferred Stock and there is no redemption for the Series 1B Preferred Stock exercisable (i) at the option of the Investor, or (ii) at the option of the Company.

Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of Series 1B Preferred Stock will be entitled to be paid out of our assets, prior to the holders of our common stock, an amount equal to $1,000 per share plus any accrued but unpaid dividends (if any) thereon.

Shares of the Series 1B Preferred Stock are convertible at the option of the holder into common stock at an initial conversion price of equal to $28.00 per share. The conversion price for the Series 1B Preferred Stock is subject to adjustment on the earliest of the date that (a) a resale registration statement relating to the shares of common stock underlying the Series 1B Preferred Stock has been declared effective by the SEC, (b) all of such underlying shares of common stock have been sold pursuant to SEC Rule 144 or may be sold pursuant to SEC Rule 144 without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions, (c) the one year anniversary of the closing provided that a holder of such underlying shares is not an affiliate of the Company or (d) all of such underlying shares may be sold pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(1) of the Securities Act without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions (such earliest date, the “Reset Date”).

On the Reset Date, the conversion price shall be equal to the lower of (i) $0.14 and (ii) 90% of the lowest VWAP for the Company’s common stock out of the 10 trading days commencing 5 trading days immediately prior to the Reset Date, provided that the conversion price may not be adjusted to less than $10.00 per share.

Holders of the Series 1B Preferred Stock (together with its affiliates) may not convert any portion of such Investor’s Series 1B Preferred Stock to the extent that the holder would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock after conversion, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holders to the Company, the holder may increase the maximum amount of its beneficial ownership of outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock after converting the holder’s Series 1B Preferred Stock up to 9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the conversion, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Series 1B Preferred Stock.

NOTE 14. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Common Stock

At September 30, 2023, the Company had 500 million shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized for issuance. Each share of common stock has the right to one vote. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had 549,199 shares of common stock outstanding. The Company has not declared or paid any dividends related to the common stock during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $14.5 million of convertible debt principal was converted into 288,451 shares of common stock and 1,425 shares of common stock was issued for vendor services.

Preferred Stock

At September 30, 2023, the Company had 25 million shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized for issuance. Preferred stock may be issued in classes or series. Designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions are determined by the Company’s Board of Directors.

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The following table summarizes the designations, shares authorized, and shares outstanding for the Company’s Preferred Stock:

Preferred Stock Series Designation	Shares Authorized		Shares Outstanding
Series A		750,000		48,100
Series 1A		5,000		—
Series B-1		2,000		—
Series B-2		1,000		—
Series 1B		900		900
Series C		1,000		—
Series D		3,000		—
Series D-1		2,500		—
Series E		2,800		—
Series F		7,000		—
Series G		2,000		—
Series H		2,500		—
Series I		1,000		—
Series J		1,350		—
Series J-1		1,000		—
Series K		20,000		—

Warrants

As of September 30, 2023, there are 396,576 outstanding warrants with exercise prices between $25.36 and $1,060 per share.

Series A Preferred Stock

Refer to Note 12 for information on Series A Preferred Stock.

Series 1B Preferred Stock

Refer to Note 13 for information on Series 1B Preferred Stock.

Series 1A, B-1, B-2, C, D, D-1, E, F, G, H, I, J, J-1, and K Preferred Stock

There were no transactions involving the Series 1A, B-1, B-2, C, D, D-1, E, F, G, H, I, J, J-1, or K during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

NOTE 15. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

In 2022, the Company granted restricted stock units to its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. On April 26, 2023, the Company terminated its employment contract with the Company's then Chief Executive Officer resulting in the forfeiture of 11,389 restricted stock units. The remaining non-vested shares of 2,100 units as of September 30, 2023 are expected to vest in the future. Total unrecognized share-based compensation expense from the remaining unvested restricted stock as of September 30, 2023 was approximately $1,251,600 and is expected to be recognized over 27 months. The Company recognized share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock grants of $139,067 and $2,104,378 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The following table summarizes non-vested restricted stock and the related activity as of September 30, 2023:

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	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2023		15,760		989.08
Vested		2,271		926.66
Forfeited		11,389		1,074.00
Non-vested at September 30, 2023		2,100		596.00

NOTE 16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

On April 26, 2023, the board of directors of the Company terminated Jeffrey Max as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Max claims that his termination was not for cause as defined in his employment agreement which could enable him to certain benefits, including severance and vesting of restricted stock units. Management believes Mr. Max was terminated for cause and any such claims, if asserted, would be without substantial merit. Although the outcome of any legal proceedings is uncertain, the Company will vigorously defend any future claims made by Mr. Max.

On August 15, 2023, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright”) filed an action against the Company in the New York State Supreme Court in New York County. The complaint alleges a breach by the Company of an investment banking engagement letter entered into in October 2021. The Wainwright engagement letter expired in April 2022 without any financing transaction having been completed. The complaint claims that Wainright is entitled, under a “tail provision”, to an 8% fee and 7% warrant coverage on the Company’s $15 million secured convertible note financing. The complaint seeks damages of $1.2 million, 2,169.5 common stock warrants with a per share exercise price of $605, and attorney fees. While it is too early to predict the outcome of this legal proceeding or whether an adverse result would have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial position, we believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend this legal matter vigorously.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings, both asserted and unasserted, that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of such legal proceedings or in certain instances provide reasonable ranges of potential losses. However, as of the date of this report, the Company believes that none of these claims will have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations. In the event of unexpected subsequent developments and given the inherent unpredictability of these legal proceedings, there can be no assurance that the Company’s assessment of any claim will reflect the ultimate outcome, and an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations in particular quarterly or annual periods.

NOTE 17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On September 28, 2023, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement (the “Placement Agent Agreement”) with Dawson James Securities Inc. (“Dawson James”) pursuant to which the Company engaged Dawson James as the placement agent for a registered public offering by the Company (the “Offering”), of an aggregate of 3,572,635 units (“Units”) at a price of $2.88 per Unit, for gross proceeds of approximately $10.3 million, before deducting offering expenses.

Each Unit is comprised of (i) one share of common stock or, in lieu of common stock, one prefunded warrant to purchase a share of common stock, and (ii) one common warrant to purchase a share of common stock. The prefunded warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $0.0001 per share of common stock and only expire when such prefunded warrants are fully exercised. The common warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $2.88 per share of common stock and will expire five years from the date of issuance.

The Company agreed to pay Dawson James a placement agent fee in cash equal to 8.00% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Units. The Company also agreed to reimburse Dawson James for all reasonable travel and other out-of-pocket expenses, including the reasonable fees of legal counsel, not to exceed $155,000.

The Offering closed on October 2, 2023 and, in the Offering, the Company issued (i) 389,024 common shares, (ii) 3,183,611 prefunded warrants, and (iii) 3,572,635 common warrants.

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The Company used a portion of the proceeds from the Offering to retire approximately $5,212 thousand of the outstanding conversion amount payable related to the Company’s secured convertible notes and all $900 thousand of the Company’s outstanding Series 1B Preferred Stock.

Subsequent to September 30, 2023, 2,468,500 of the pre-funded warrants were exercised into common stock.

The terms of the Offering triggered certain further adjustments to the Advance Notes and the Warrants in accordance with the existing terms of the outstanding Advance Notes and the outstanding Warrants. Following these further adjustments in October 2023:

•The fixed conversion price of the approximately then outstanding $400,000 principal amount currently outstanding Advance Notes has been lowered to $1.765 per share of Common Stock;

•The exercise price of the outstanding Warrants has been lowered to $1.765 per share of Common Stock; and

•The number of shares that the Warrants are exercisable for has been increased from 389,500 to 5,596,232 shares of Common Stock.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and our audited financial statements and related notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 which was filed with the SEC on March 10, 2023. This discussion and analysis contains statements of a forward-looking nature relating to future events or our future financial performance. As a result of many factors, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should carefully read the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report and of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 to gain an understanding of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements. Please also see the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We target high-volume production and high-value specialty solar markets. These include agrivoltaics, space, aerospace and high-value niche manufacturing/construction sectors. This strategy enables us to fully leverage what we believe are the unique advantages of our technology, including flexibility, durability and attractive power to weight and power to area performance. It further enables us to offer unique, differentiated solutions in large markets with less competition, and more attractive pricing.

Specifically, we focus on commercializing our proprietary solar technology in two high-value PV verticals:

I. Aerospace: Space, Near-space and Fixed Wing UAV

II. Agrivoltaics

We believe the value proposition of Ascent’s proprietary solar technology not only aligns with the needs of customers in these verticals, but also overcomes many of the obstacles other solar technologies face in these unique markets. Ascent has the capability to design and develop finished products for end users in these areas as well as collaborate with strategic partners to design and develop custom integrated solutions for products like airships and fixed-wing UAVs. Ascent sees significant overlap in the needs of end users across some of these verticals and believes it can achieve economies of scale in sourcing, development, and production in commercializing products for these customers.

The integration of Ascent's solar modules into space, near space, and aeronautic vehicles with ultra-lightweight and flexible solar modules is an important market opportunity for the Company. Customers in this market have historically required a high level of durability, high voltage and conversion efficiency from solar module suppliers, and we believe our products are well suited to compete in this premium market.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we generated $455,480 of total revenue. As of September 30, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $470,987,945.

Due to the high durability enabled by the monolithic integration employed by our technology, the capability to customize modules into different form factors and what we believe is the industry leading light weight and flexibility provided by our modules, we believe that the potential applications for our products are extensive, including integrated solutions anywhere that may need power generation such as vehicles in space or in flight, or dual-use installations on agricultural land.

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Commercialization and Manufacturing Strategy

We manufacture our products by affixing a thin CIGS layer to a flexible, plastic substrate using a large format, roll-to-roll process that permits us to fabricate our flexible PV modules in an integrated sequential operation. We use proprietary monolithic integration techniques which enable us to form complete PV modules with little to no back-end assembly cost of inter- cell connections. Traditional PV manufacturers assemble PV modules by bonding or soldering discrete PV cells together. This manufacturing step typically increases manufacturing costs and at times proves detrimental to the overall yield and reliability of the finished product. By reducing or eliminating this added step using our proprietary monolithic integration techniques, we believe we can achieve cost savings in, and increase the reliability of, our PV modules.

We plan to continue the development of our current PV technology to increase module efficiency, improve our manufacturing tooling and process capabilities and reduce manufacturing costs. We also plan to continue to take advantage of research and development contracts to fund a portion of this development.

In March, 2023, the Company redeployed its Thornton manufacturing facility to focus on industrial commercialization of the Company's patent-pending Perovskite solar technologies. In April 2023, the Company purchased manufacturing assets in Zurich, Switzerland with plans to commence manufacturing using this equipment; however, in June 2023, Management exercised its put option on the equipment to sell it to Affiliates and is planning to restart production at its Thornton facility.

Significant Trends, Uncertainties and Challenges

We believe the significant trends, uncertainties and challenges that directly or indirectly affect our financial performance and results of operations include:

•Our operating history and lack of profitability;

•Our ability to develop demand for, and sales of, our products;

•Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel to implement our business plan and corporate growth strategies;

•Our ability to develop sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

•Our ability to successfully develop and maintain strategic relationships with key partners;

•The accuracy of our estimates and projections;

•Our ability to secure additional financing to fund our short-term and long-term financial needs;

•Our ability to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market;

•The commencement, or outcome, of legal proceedings against us, or by us, including ongoing litigation proceedings;

•Changes in our business plan or corporate strategies;

•The extent to which we are able to manage the growth of our operations effectively, both domestically and abroad, whether directly owned or indirectly through licenses;

•The supply, availability and price of equipment, components and raw materials, including the elements needed to produce our photovoltaic modules;

•Our ability to expand and protect the intellectual property portfolio that relates to our photovoltaic modules and processes;

•Our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;

•Our ability to achieve projected operational performance and cost metrics;

•General economic and business conditions, and in particular, conditions specific to the solar power industry; and

•The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and liquidity.

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Basis of Presentation: The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been derived from the accounting records of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Critical accounting policies used in reporting our financial results are reviewed by management on a regular basis. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Processes used to develop these estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis. Estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ as outcomes from assumptions may change.

The Company’s significant accounting policies were described in Note 3 to the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Except for the adoption of ASU 2020-06, there have been no significant changes to our accounting policies as of September 30, 2023.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			$ Change
Revenues
Products	$	209,496		$	6,344		$	203,152
Milestone and engineering		20,458			-			20,458
Total Revenues		229,954			6,344			223,610
Costs and Expenses
Cost of Revenue		692,752			409,819			282,933
Research, development and    manufacturing operations		344,942			1,540,170			(1,195,228	)
Selling, general and administrative		1,407,493			1,890,218			(482,725	)
Share-based compensation		139,067			3,796,151			(3,657,084	)
Depreciation and amortization		23,723			20,497			3,226
Total Costs and Expenses		2,607,977			7,656,855			(5,048,878	)
Loss From Operations		(2,378,023	)		(7,650,511	)		5,272,488
Other Income/(Expense)
Other income/(expense), net		756,859			20,000			736,859
Interest Expense		(288,109	)		(252,571	)		(35,538	)
Total Other Income/(Expense)		468,750			(232,571	)		701,321
Income/(Loss) on Equity Method Investments		-			(27,484	)		27,484
Net (Loss)/Income	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(7,910,566	)	$	6,001,293

Total Revenues. Our total revenues increased by $223,610, or 100%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the same period in 2022. Increase is primarily due to revenue generated from fulfilling a supply agreement obligation for one of Flisom's customers acquired as part of the Flisom asset acquisition and increased nonrecurring engineering fees.

Cost of revenue. Cost of revenues is primarily comprised of repair and maintenance, material costs, and direct labor and manufacturing overhead expenses. Our Cost of revenues increased by $282,933, or 69%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the same period in 2022. Increase in cost of revenue is primarily due to expenses incurred from our asset acquisition of Flisom's manufacturing equipment and related costs partially offset by the decrease in production costs with the redeployment of the Thornton facility as a Perovskite research facility.

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Research, development and manufacturing operations. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs include costs incurred for product development and pre-production activities in our manufacturing facility. It also includes costs related to technology development. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs decreased by $1,195,228, or 78%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the same period in 2022. This is primarily due to a decrease in manufacturing operations cost, as the Company redeployed its Thornton manufacturing facility as a perovskite research facility.

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $482,725, or 26%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease in costs is due primarily to a one-time termination expense of approximately $500,000 recognized with the departure of our former CEO in the prior period.

Share-based compensation. Share-based compensation expense decreased by $3,657,084 or 96% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease is primarily due to the employment termination of former CEO on April 26, 2023. The prior period expense also includes the immediate vesting of 20% of the former CEO's restricted stock units.

Other Income/Expense. Other income was $468,750 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to other expense of $232,571 for the same period in 2022, an increase of $701,321. The increase is due primarily to a one-time employment retention credit received and a gain on lease modification, partially offset by an asset disposal.

Net Loss. Our Net Loss decreased by $6,001,293, or 76%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 due primarily to the items mentioned above.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2022			$ Change
Revenues
Product Revenue	$	395,106		$	688,125		$	(293,019	)
Milestone and engineering		60,374			522,000			(461,626	)
Total Revenues		455,480			1,210,125			(754,645	)
Costs and Expenses
Cost of Revenue		1,820,816			1,519,703			301,113
Research, development and    manufacturing operations		2,832,956			4,399,765			(1,566,809	)
Selling, general and administrative		4,178,146			3,583,366			594,780
Share-based compensation		2,104,378			3,796,151			(1,691,773	)
Depreciation and amortization		73,947			54,998			18,949
Total Costs and Expenses		11,010,243			13,353,983			(2,343,740	)
Loss From Operations		(10,554,763	)		(12,143,858	)		1,589,095
Other Income/(Expense)
Other Income/(Expense), net		766,859			22,000			744,859
Interest Expense		(2,118,023	)		(2,371,256	)		253,233
Total Other Income/(Expense)		(1,351,164	)		(2,349,256	)		998,092
Income/(Loss) on Equity Method Investments		(170	)		(27,486	)		27,316
Net (Loss)/Income	$	(11,906,097	)	$	(14,520,600	)	$	2,614,503

Total Revenues. Our total revenues decreased by $754,645, or 62%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the same period in 2022. This is primarily due to a large customer order in the prior period that was not repeated in the current period, partially offset by product revenue earned from fulfilling a supply agreement obligation under the Asset Purchase Agreement. Additionally, the Company recognized $512,000 in engineering revenue from TubeSolar in the prior period which was not repeated in the current period.

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Cost of revenue. Cost of revenues is primarily comprised of repair and maintenance, material costs, and direct labor and overhead expenses. Our Cost of revenues increased by $301,113, or 20%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the same period in 2022. The increase is primarily due to expenses from our asset acquisition of Flisom's manufacturing equipment and employee contracts, partially offset by a reduction in production costs by redeploying the Company's manufacturing facilities as a perovskite research facility.

Research, development and manufacturing operations. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs include costs incurred for product development and pre-production activities in our manufacturing facility. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs also include costs related to technology development. Research, development and manufacturing operations costs decreased by $1,566,809, or 36%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the same period in 2022. This is primarily due to a decrease in manufacturing operations cost, as the Company redeployed its Thornton manufacturing facility as a perovskite research facility.

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $594,780, or 17% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the same period in 2022. The increase in costs is due primarily to increased professional services and other administrative expenses.

Share-based compensation. Share-based compensation expense decreased by $1,691,773 or 45% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 when compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease is primarily due to the employment termination of former CEO on April 26, 2023. The prior period expense also includes the immediate vesting of 20% of the former CEO's restricted stock units.

Other Income/Expense. Other expense was $1,351,164 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to other expense of $2,349,256 for the same period in 2022, a decrease of $998,092. The decline is due primarily to a one-time employment retention credit received and a gain on lease modification. Additionally, the Company recording accelerating debt discount as interest expense in the prior year. With the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the accelerated debt discount is now recorded in stockholders' equity.

Net Loss. Our Net Loss decreased by $2,614,503, or 18%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 due primarily to the items mentioned above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

In March, 2023, the Company redeployed its Thornton facilities from a manufacturing facility to a research and development facility. In April 2023, the Company purchased manufacturing assets in Zurich, Switzerland with plans to commence manufacturing using this equipment; however, in June 2023, Management exercised its put option on the equipment and is planning to restart production at its Thornton facility. Management does not expect that sales revenue and cash flows will be sufficient to support operations and cash requirements until the Company is able to achieve large-scale production capacities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 the Company used $7,329,398 in cash for operations.

Additionally, projected total revenues are not anticipated to result in a positive cash flow position for the year overall and, as of September 30, 2023, the Company has working capital deficit of $8,726,319. As such, cash liquidity would not be sufficient for the next twelve months and will require additional financing.

The Company has begun activities related to securing additional financing through strategic or financial investors and has closed on an equity offering on October 2, 2023, but there is no assurance the Company will be able to continue to raise additional capital on acceptable terms or at all. If the Company’s revenues do not increase rapidly, and/or additional financing is not obtained, the Company will be required to significantly curtail operations to reduce costs and/or sell assets. Such actions would likely have an adverse impact on the Company's future operations.

As a result of the Company’s recurring losses from operations, and the need for additional financing to fund its operating and capital requirements, there is uncertainty regarding the Company’s ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate its business effectively, which raises doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Management cannot provide any assurances that the Company will be successful in accomplishing any of its plans. These unaudited condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

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Statements of Cash Flows Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our cash used in operations was $7,329,398 compared to $7,925,786 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, a decrease of $596,388. This decrease is due primarily to decreased Company expenses and revenue and timing of cash outflows. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash used in investing activities was $3,863,963 compared to $185,703 used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This change was primarily the result of the asset acquisition in Zurich, Switzerland. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net cash used in operations of $7,329,398 were primarily funded from 2022 financing agreements.

Off Balance Sheet Transactions

As of September 30, 2023, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

Smaller Reporting Company Status

We are a “smaller reporting company” meaning that the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million and our annual revenue was less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million or (ii) our annual revenue was less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million. As a smaller reporting company, we may rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Although our reporting currency is the U.S. Dollar, we conduct business and incur costs in the local currencies of other countries in which we operate, make sales and buy materials. As a result, we are subject to currency translation risk. Further, changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. Dollar could affect our future net sales and cost of sales and could result in exchange losses.

We currently do not engage in hedging transactions to reduce our exposure to changes in currency exchange rates, although, we may do so in the future.

We hold no significant funds denominated in foreign currencies as of September 30, 2023.

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to market risks for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our cash equivalents and investment portfolio. As of September 30, 2023, our cash equivalents consisted only of operating accounts held with financial institutions. From time to time, we may hold restricted funds, money market funds, investments in U.S. government securities and high-quality corporate securities. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal and provide liquidity on demand, while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. The direct risk to us associated with fluctuating interest rates is limited to our investment portfolio, and we do not believe a change in interest rates will have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. Our disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information

25

required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Our management conducted an evaluation required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act as of September 30, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

26

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Except as discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements, there were no events required to be reported under Item 1 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, within Part II, Item 1 of this report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the information set forth in this Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to our risk factors from those included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

We may not be able to maintain our current listing for our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Failure to maintain the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq could adversely affect the liquidity of our common stock.

Our inability to maintain our current listing on Nasdaq may limit the liquidity of our stock, increase its volatility, and hinder our ability to raise capital. If our common stock is delisted by Nasdaq, our common stock may be eligible for quotation on an over-the-counter quotation system or on the pink sheets. Upon any such delisting, our common stock would become subject to the regulations of the SEC relating to the market for penny stocks. A penny stock is any equity security not traded on a national securities exchange that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share. The regulations applicable to penny stocks may severely affect the market liquidity for our common stock and could limit the ability of shareholders to sell securities in the secondary market. In such a case, an investor may find it more difficult to dispose of or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock, and there can be no assurance that our common stock will be eligible for trading or quotation on any alternative exchanges or markets.

Delisting from Nasdaq could adversely affect our ability to raise additional financing through public or private sales of equity securities, would significantly affect the ability of investors to trade our securities and would negatively affect the value and liquidity of our common stock. Delisting could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of confidence by employees, the loss of institutional investor interest and fewer business development opportunities.

On March 23, 2023 the Company received a written notice (the “Notice”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that the Company was not in compliance with the $1.00 Minimum Bid Price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Bid Price Requirement”). In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company was provided 180 calendar days to regain compliance with the Bid Price Requirement.

On July 28, 2023, the Company received notice (the “Second Notice”) that Nasdaq had determined that the Company’s common stock had a closing bid price of $0.10 or less for ten consecutive trading days triggering application of Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A)(iii) which states in part: if during any compliance period specified in Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), a company’s security has a closing bid price of $0.10 or less for ten consecutive trading days, the Listing Qualifications Department shall issue a Staff Delisting Determination under Rule 5810 with respect to that security (the “Low Priced Stocks Rule”). As a result, the Nasdaq staff determined to delist the Company’s common stock from Nasdaq, unless the Company timely requests an appeal of the staff’s determination to a Hearings Panel (the “Panel”), pursuant to the procedures set forth in the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5800 Series.

In addition, Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) (the “Stockholders’ Equity Rule”) requires companies listed on Nasdaq to maintain a minimum of $2,500,000 in stockholders’ equity for continued listing. On May 25, 2023, we received a letter from Nasdaq indicating that we were not in compliance with the Stockholders’ Equity Rule.

On July 28, 2023, the Company received notice that Nasdaq had determined that the Company’s common stock had a closing bid price of $0.10 or less for ten consecutive trading days triggering application of Listing Rule 5810(3)(A)(iii) which states in part: if during any compliance period specified in Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), a company’s security has a closing bid price of $0.10 or less for ten consecutive trading days, the Listing Qualifications Department shall issue a Staff Delisting Determination under Rule 5810 with respect to that security (the “Low Priced Stocks Rule”). As a result, the Nasdaq staff determined to delist

27

the Company’s common stock from Nasdaq, unless the Company timely requests an appeal of the staff’s determination to a Hearings Panel (the “Panel”), pursuant to the procedures set forth in the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5800 Series. The Company requested a hearing before the Panel, which was scheduled for October 12, 2023.

On September 12, 2023, the Company implemented a reverse stock split in an effort to regain compliance with the $1 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Bid Price Rule”), and by letter dated September 29, 2023, the Company was notified by the Staff that the Company had regained compliance with the Bid Price Rule. The Staff, however, determined that, following the reverse split, the Company no longer satisfied the minimum 500,000 publicly held shares requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(4) (the “Public Float Rule”).

On October 2, 2023, the Company completed a public offering of units (each unit consisting of (x) one share or one prefunded warrant and (y) one common stock warrant) for gross proceeds of $10.3 million. As a result of the offering, the Company had the minimum of $2.5 million in stockholders’ equity and has therefore regained compliance with the Equity Rule. The offering also resulted in an increase in the Company’s publicly held shares above the minimum Nasdaq threshold of 500,000 shares and as such the Company believes it has regained compliance with the Public Float Rule.

On October 11, 2023, the Company received notice from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications staff that the Company has regained compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum $2.5 million stockholders’ equity requirement in Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) and the minimum 500,000 publicly held shares requirement under Listing Rule 5550(a)(4), and that the Company is therefore in compliance with the Nasdaq Capital Market’s listing requirements.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed on the accompanying Index to Exhibits on this Form 10-Q are filed or incorporated into this Form 10-Q by reference.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))
3.2	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011)
3.3	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 11, 2014)
3.4	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated August 26, 2014. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 2, 2014)
3.5	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated October 27, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 28, 2014)
3.6	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated December 22, 2014. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2014)
3.7	Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 17, 2009)
3.8	First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009)
3.9	Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 25, 2013)
3.10	Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 18, 2015)
3.11	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated May 26, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 2, 2016)
3.12	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated September 15, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 16, 2016)
3.13	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated March 16, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 17, 2017)
3.14	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated July 19, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 23, 2018)
3.15	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated September 23, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 24, 2021)
3.16	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated January 27, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 2, 2022)

29

3.17	Form of Series 1B Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2023)
3.18	Amendment to the Series 1B Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation dated July 25, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2023)
3.19	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated September 8, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 15, 2023)
4.1	Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A filed on June 6, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))
4.2	Certificate of Designations of Series A Preferred Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed July 1, 2013 (Reg. No. 333-189739))
4.3	Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed May 13, 2021)
4.4	Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))
4.5	Form of Prefunded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))
4.6	Form of Placement Agent Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))
4.7	Form of Warrant Agency Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))
4.8	Form of Prefunded Warrant Agency Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))
4.9	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))
10.1 CTR	Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 17, 2006, between the Company and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))
10.2 CTR	Invention and Trade Secret Assignment Agreement, dated January 17, 2006, between the Company and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))
10.3	Patent Application Assignment Agreement, dated January 17, 2006, between the Company and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))
10.4 CTR	License Agreement, dated January 17, 2006, between the Company and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on January 23, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))
10.5	Letter Agreement, dated November 23, 2005, among the Company, ITN Energy Systems, Inc. and the University of Delaware (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to our Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A filed on May 26, 2006 (Reg. No. 333-131216))
10.6 CTR	License Agreement, dated November 21, 2006, between the Company and UD Technology Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 29, 2006)
10.7	Novation Agreement, dated January 1, 2007, among the Company, ITN Energy Systems, Inc. and the United States Government (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2006)

30

10.8†	Seventh Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex B of our definitive proxy statement dated April 22, 2016)
10.9†	Seventh Amended and Restated 2008 Restricted Stock Plan Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex A of our definitive proxy statement dated April 22, 2016)
10.10+	Industrial Lease for 12300 Grant Street, Thornton, Colorado dated September 21, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed January 29, 2021)
10.11+	Long-Term Supply and Joint Development Agreement dated September 15, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021)
10.12	Form of Common Stock Warrant Related to Securities Purchase Agreement dated August 8, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 8, 2022)
10.13	Common Stock Warrant dated August 19, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 19, 2022)
10.14†CTR	Employment Agreement between the Company and Jeffrey Max dated September 21, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 27, 2022)
10.15†	Employment Agreement between the Company and Paul Warley dated December 12, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 12, 2022)
10.16	Securities Purchase Contract, dated as of December 19, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)
10.17	Form of Security Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)
10.18	Form of Registered Advance Note 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)
10.19	Form of Private Placement Advance Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)
10.20	Form of Warrant Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022)
10.21	Waiver and Amendment Agreement, dated as of March 29, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 29, 2023)
10.22	Amendment to Waiver and Amendment Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 13, 2023)
10.23	Common Stock Securities Purchase Agreement dated April 14, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 20, 2023)
10.24	Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)
10.25	Transition Services Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)
10.26	Sublease Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)
10.27	Technology License Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)
10.28	Letter Agreement, dated as of April 20, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2023)
10.29†	CEO Employment Agreement between the Company and Paul Warley dated as of May 1, 2023

31

10.30	Waiver and Amendment Agreement, dated as of May 25, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 26, 2023)
10.31	Form of Series 1B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated June 29, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 30, 2023)
10.32	Placement Agent Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 filed with Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration on Form S-1 (File no. 333-274231))
10.33†	Employment Agreement between the Company and Bobby Gulati dated as of October 19, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 23, 2023)
10.34†	Employment Agreement between the Company and Jin Jo dated as of October 19, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 23, 2023)
31.1*	Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*	Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*	Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
*	Filed herewith
CTR	Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment.
†	Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
+	Certain portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Rule 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K. The omitted information is (i) not material and (ii) would likely cause competitive harm to the Company if publicly disclosed.

32

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 14th day of November, 2023.

November 14, 2023	By:	/s/ PAUL WARLEY
		Paul Warley Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
November 14, 2023	By:	/s/ JIN JO
		Jin Jo Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

33

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Paul Warley, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

November 14, 2023
	/s/ PAUL WARLEY
	Paul Warley Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Jin Jo, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

November 14, 2023
	By:	/s/ JIN JO
		Jin Jo Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT

TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date therein specified (the “Report”), I, Paul Warley, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

November 14, 2023
	/s/ PAUL WARLEY
	Paul Warley Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

ASCENT SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT

TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date therein specified (the “Report”), I, Jin Jo, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

November 14, 2023
	By:	/s/ JIN JO
		Jin Jo Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 14, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001350102
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Entity File Number	001-32919
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		3,406,723
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-3672603
Entity Address, Address Line One	12300 Grant Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Thornton
Entity Address, State or Province	CO
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	80241
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
City Area Code	720
Local Phone Number	872-5000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common
Trading Symbol	ASTI

XML

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,249,764	$ 11,483,018
Trade receivables, net of allowance of $0 and $26,000, respectively		1,769
Inventories, net	636,019	615,283
Prepaid and other current assets	258,691	344,110
Total current assets	3,144,474	12,444,180
Property, Plant and Equipment:	24,182,295	22,590,169
Accumulated depreciation	(20,125,328)	(22,038,508)
Property, Plant and Equipment, net	4,056,967	551,661
Other Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	2,476,958	4,324,514
Patents, net of accumulated amortization of $168,595 and $154,218respectively	84,925	79,983
Equity method investment	65,779	61,379
Other non-current assets	1,327,543	1,214,985
Total other assets	3,955,205	5,680,861
Total Assets	11,156,646	18,676,702
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,300,814	595,157
Related party payables	27,885	67,164
Accrued expenses	984,568	888,869
Accrued payroll	585,774	927,264
Accrued professional services fees	791,679	952,573
Accrued interest	668,495	559,060
Current portion of operating lease liability	471,497	733,572
Conversions payable	6,470,540
Current portion of convertible notes, net	319,541
Other payable	250,000	250,000
Total current liabilities	11,870,793	4,973,659
Long-Term Liabilities:
Non-current operating lease liabilities	2,171,440	3,827,878
Non-current convertible notes, net		5,268,399
Accrued warranty liability	21,225	21,225
Total liabilities	14,063,458	14,091,161
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit):
Series A preferred stock, $.0001 par value; 750,000 shares authorized; 48,100 and 48,100 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($886,777 and $850,301 Liquidation Preference, respectively)	5	5
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 authorized; 549,199 and 259,323 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	55	26
Additional paid in capital	468,075,287	452,139,027
Accumulated deficit	(470,987,945)	(447,537,493)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	5,786	(16,024)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)	(2,906,812)	4,585,541
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	$ 11,156,646	$ 18,676,702

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CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 0	$ 26,000
Patents, amortization	$ 168,595	$ 154,218
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	25,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	549,199	259,323
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	549,199	259,323
Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	750,000	750,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	48,100	48,100
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	48,100	48,100
Preferred stock, liquidation preference	$ 886,777	$ 850,301

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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Total Revenues	$ 229,954	$ 6,344	$ 455,480	$ 1,210,125
Costs and Expenses
Costs of revenue	692,752	409,819	1,820,816	1,519,703
Research, development and manufacturing operations	344,942	1,540,170	2,832,956	4,399,765
Selling, general and administrative	1,407,493	1,890,218	4,178,146	3,583,366
Share-based compensation	139,067	3,796,151	2,104,378	3,796,151
Depreciation and amortization	23,723	20,497	73,947	54,998
Total Costs and Expenses	2,607,977	7,656,855	11,010,243	13,353,983
Loss from Operations	(2,378,023)	(7,650,511)	(10,554,763)	(12,143,858)
Other Income/(Expense)
Other income/(expense), net	756,859	20,000	766,859	22,000
Interest expense	(288,109)	(252,571)	(2,118,023)	(2,371,256)
Total Other Income/(Expense)	468,750	(232,571)	(1,351,164)	(2,349,256)
Income/(Loss) on Equity Method Investments		(27,484)	(170)	(27,486)
Net Income/(Loss)	$ (1,909,273)	$ (7,910,566)	$ (11,906,097)	$ (14,520,600)
Net Income/(Loss) Per Share (Basic)	$ (4.04)	$ (47.71)	$ (66.4)	$ (101.7)
Net Income/(Loss) Per Share (Diluted)	$ (4.04)	$ (47.71)	$ (66.4)	$ (101.7)
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Basic)	473,159	165,795	354,830	14,277
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (Diluted)	473,159	165,795	354,830	14,277
Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Foreign currency translation gain/(loss)	$ 19,940	$ (2,671)	$ 21,810	$ (16,024)
Net Comprehensive Income/(Loss)	(1,889,333)	(7,913,237)	(11,884,287)	(14,536,624)
Products
Total Revenues	209,496	$ 6,344	395,106	688,125
Milestone and engineering
Total Revenues	$ 20,458		$ 60,374	$ 522,000

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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($)	Total	L1 Short Term Convertible Note	Short Term Sabby Note	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance [Member]	Private Placement	BD 1 Notes (related party)	Nanyang Convertible Notes	L1 Convertible Note	Fleur Note	Sabby Note	Preferred Stock Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance [Member]	Preferred Stock Series A Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series 1A Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series 1A Preferred Stock TubeSolar	Preferred Stock Series 1B Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Crowdex Convertible Notes Series 1A Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Common Stock L1 Short Term Convertible Note	Common Stock Short Term Sabby Note	Common Stock Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance [Member]	Common Stock Private Placement	Common Stock TubeSolar	Common Stock BD 1 Notes (related party)	Common Stock Crowdex Convertible Notes	Common Stock Nanyang Convertible Notes	Common Stock L1 Convertible Note	Common Stock Fleur Note	Common Stock Sabby Note	Additional Paid-In Capital	Additional Paid-In Capital L1 Short Term Convertible Note	Additional Paid-In Capital Short Term Sabby Note	Additional Paid-In Capital Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital Private Placement	Additional Paid-In Capital TubeSolar	Additional Paid-In Capital BD 1 Notes (related party)	Additional Paid-In Capital Crowdex Convertible Notes	Additional Paid-In Capital Nanyang Convertible Notes	Additional Paid-In Capital L1 Convertible Note	Additional Paid-In Capital Fleur Note	Additional Paid-In Capital Sabby Note	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Deficit Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]	Accumulated Deficit Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance [Member]	Other Accumulated Comprehensive Loss	Other Accumulated Comprehensive Loss Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjusted Balance [Member]
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ (2,833,606)												$ 5					$ 12												$ 424,949,165													$ (427,782,788)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021													48,100	3,700				113,256
Conversion of shares							$ 7,900,000	$ 600,000		$ 700,000													$ 2	$ 8	$ 1	$ 1		$ 1								$ (2)	$ 7,899,992	$ (1)	$ 599,999		$ 699,999
Conversion of shares (in shares)															(2,400)		(1,300)						24,000	79,000	13,000	6,000		7,000
Net Loss	(6,610,034)																																										(6,610,034)
Foreign Currency Translation Gain/(Loss)	(13,353)																																													$ (13,353)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	(256,993)												$ 5					$ 25												434,149,152													(434,392,822)			(13,353)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022													48,100					242,256
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	(2,833,606)												$ 5					$ 12												424,949,165													(427,782,788)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021													48,100	3,700				113,256
Net Loss	(14,520,600)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	1,706,303												$ 5					$ 26												444,025,684													(442,303,388)			(16,024)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022													48,100					258,973
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2022	(256,993)												$ 5					$ 25												434,149,152													(434,392,822)			(13,353)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022													48,100					242,256
Conversion of shares								$ 900,000		$ 300,000																$ 1													$ 899,999		$ 300,000
Conversion of shares (in shares)																										9,000		3,000
Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock						$ 2,551,405																													$ 2,551,405
Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock (in shares)																						4,717
Warrants						2,448,595																													2,448,595
Share-based compensation	3,796,150																													3,796,150
Issuance cost						$ (119,617)																													$ (119,617)
Net Loss	(7,910,566)																																										(7,910,566)
Foreign Currency Translation Gain/(Loss)	(2,671)																																													(2,671)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	1,706,303												$ 5					$ 26												444,025,684													(442,303,388)			(16,024)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022													48,100					258,973
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 4,585,541			$ (3,686,243)	$ 899,298							$ 5						$ 26			$ 26									452,139,027			$ (3,795,874)	$ 448,343,153									(447,537,493)	$ 109,631	$ (447,427,862)	(16,024)	$ (16,024)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022												48,100						259,323			259,323
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounting Standards Update 2020-06 [Member]
Conversion of shares									$ 1,240,818		$ 2,123,649																$ 5		$ 6											$ 1,240,813		$ 2,123,643
Conversion of shares (in shares)																											45,129		63,030
Share-based compensation	$ 1,965,311																													1,965,311
Proceeds from issuance of Series 1B Preferred Stock	900,000																													900,000
Proceeds from issuance of Series 1B Preferred Stock (in shares)																900
Issuance cost	(20,000)																													(20,000)
Common stock issued for services	92,750																													92,750
Common stock issued for services (in shares)																		1,425
Down round deemed dividend																														11,653,986													(11,653,986)
Net Loss	(9,996,824)																																										(9,996,824)
Foreign Currency Translation Gain/(Loss)	1,870																																													1,870
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	(2,793,128)												$ 5					$ 37												466,299,656													(469,078,672)			(14,154)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023													48,100			900		368,907
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	4,585,541			$ (3,686,243)	$ 899,298							$ 5						$ 26			$ 26									452,139,027			$ (3,795,874)	$ 448,343,153									(447,537,493)	$ 109,631	$ (447,427,862)	(16,024)	$ (16,024)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022												48,100						259,323			259,323
Conversion of shares	$ 2,912,759
Common stock issued for services (in shares)	1,425
Net Loss	$ (11,906,097)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	(2,906,812)												$ 5					$ 55												468,075,287													(470,987,945)			5,786
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023													48,100			900		549,199
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023	(2,793,128)												$ 5					$ 37												466,299,656													(469,078,672)			(14,154)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023													48,100			900		368,907
Conversion of shares		$ (603,657)	$ 151,949																$ 11	$ 7											$ (603,668)	$ 151,942
Conversion of shares (in shares)																			106,250	74,042
Prepayment of Common Stock purchase	2,088,290																													2,088,290
Share-based compensation	139,067																													139,067
Net Loss	(1,909,273)																																										(1,909,273)
Foreign Currency Translation Gain/(Loss)	19,940																																													19,940
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ (2,906,812)												$ 5					$ 55												$ 468,075,287													$ (470,987,945)			$ 5,786
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023													48,100			900		549,199

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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Parenthetical) - Private Placement	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 $ / shares
Common stock price per share	$ 540
Warrants price per share	$ 346

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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Operating Activities:
Net income/(loss)	$ (11,906,097)	$ (14,520,600)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	73,947	54,998
Share-based compensation	2,104,378	3,796,150
Services paid in common stock	92,750
Gain on lease modification	(84,678)
Loss on disposal of assets	77,210
Operating lease asset amortization	555,240	515,803
Accretion of debt discount	1,773,621	2,323,153
Inventory reserve expense	111,028
Loss on equity method investment	170	27,486
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	1,769	(62,750)
Inventories	(131,764)	(92,213)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(27,139)	(746,922)
Accounts payable	705,657	74,889
Related party payable	(39,279)	(2,334)
Operating lease liabilities	(541,519)	(486,848)
Accrued interest	109,435	45,825
Accrued expenses	(204,127)	1,147,577
Net cash used in operating activities	(7,329,398)	(7,925,786)
Investing Activities:
Contributions to equity method investment		(83,559)
Payments on purchase of assets	(3,844,644)	(94,140)
Patent activity costs	(19,319)	(8,004)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,863,963)	(185,703)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of Series 1B Preferred Stock	880,000
Proceeds from issuance of bridge loan		1,000,000
Proceeds from issuance of stock and warrants		4,000,000
Prepayment of Equity Offering	2,088,290
Payment of convertible notes	(1,025,423)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,942,867	5,000,000
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash	17,240
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(9,233,254)	(3,111,489)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	11,483,018	5,961,760
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	2,249,764	2,850,271
Non-Cash Transactions:
Conversion of bridge loan into common stock and warrants		1,000,000
Right-of-use assets acquired through operating lease liabilities		21,045
Purchase and return of equipment purchased on credit	(202,556)	202,556
Non-cash conversions of convertible notes to equity	2,912,759	10,400,000
Series 1A preferred stock conversion		$ 740
Down round deemed dividend	11,653,986
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest	$ 233,436

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ORGANIZATION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

ORGANIZATION

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION

Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. (the “Company") is focusing on integrating its photovoltaic ("PV") products into scalable and high value markets such as agrivoltaics, aerospace, satellites, near earth orbiting vehicles, and fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles (“UAV”). The value proposition of Ascent’s proprietary solar technology not only aligns with the needs of customers in these industries, but also overcomes many of the obstacles other solar technologies face in these unique markets. Ascent has the capability to design and develop finished products for end users in these areas as well as collaborate with strategic partners to design and develop custom integrated solutions for products like fixed-wing UAVs. Ascent sees significant overlap of the needs of end users across these industries and can achieve economies of scale in sourcing, development, and production in commericializing products for these customers.

On March 13, 2023, the Company redeployed its Thornton manufacturing facility as a Perovskite Center of Excellence and dedicated the facility to the industrial commercialization of the Company's patent-pending Perovskite solar technologies. On April 18, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of the manufacturing assets of Flisom AG ("Flisom"), a Zurich based thin-film solar manufacturer and on June 16, 2023, exercised a put option to sell the assets (see Note 5). The Company is planning to restart production at its Thornton facility.

On September 11, 2023, the Company effected a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of one-for-two hundred (the “Reverse Stock Split”). The Company’s common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis on September 12, 2023. Stockholders also received one whole share of common stock in lieu of a fractional share and no fractional shares were issued. All shares and per share amounts in the unaudited condensed financial statements and accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split.

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying, unaudited, condensed financial statements have been derived from the accounting records of the Company as of September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, and the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022.

The accompanying, unaudited, condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes typically found in U.S. GAAP audited annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair statement have been included. The Condensed Balance Sheet at December 31, 2022, has been derived from the audited financial statements as of that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. These unaudited condensed financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company’s significant accounting policies were described in Note 3 to the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Except for the adoption of FASB ASU No. 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”) as disclosed below, there have been no significant changes to our accounting policies as of September 30, 2023.

Revenue Recognition:

Product revenue. The Company recognizes revenue for the sale of PV modules and other equipment sales at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of the underlying contracts. For module and other equipment sales contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices, or estimates of such prices, and recognizes the related revenue as control of each individual product is transferred to the customer.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized product revenue of $209,496 and $6,344, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized product revenue of $395,106 and $688,125, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, one customer comprised 100% and 75% of total product revenue, respectively.

Milestone and engineering revenue. Each milestone and engineering arrangement is a separate performance obligation. The transaction price is estimated using the most likely amount method and revenue is recognized as the performance obligation is satisfied through achieving manufacturing, cost, or engineering targets. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized total milestone and engineering revenue of $20,458 and $–, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized total milestone and engineering revenue of $60,374 and $522,000, respectively. $512,000 of the $522,000 earned in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was earned from TubeSolar AG (“TubeSolar”), a related party.

Government contracts revenue. Revenue from government research and development contracts is generated under terms that are cost plus fee or firm fixed price. The Company generally recognizes this revenue over time using cost-based input methods, which recognizes revenue and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs of the contract. In applying cost-based input methods of revenue recognition, the Company uses the actual costs incurred relative to the total estimated costs to determine our progress towards contract completion and to calculate the corresponding amount of revenue to recognize.

Cost based input methods of revenue recognition are considered a faithful depiction of the Company’s efforts to satisfy long-term government research and development contracts and therefore reflect the performance obligations under such contracts. Costs incurred that do not contribute to satisfying the Company’s performance obligations are excluded from the input methods of revenue recognition as the amounts are not reflective of transferring control under the contract. Costs incurred towards contract completion may include direct costs plus allowable indirect costs and an allocable portion of the fixed fee. If actual and estimated costs to complete a contract indicate a loss, provision is made currently for the loss anticipated on the contract.

No government contract revenue was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Accounts Receivable. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had an accounts receivable, net balance of $– and $1,769, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $– and $26,000, respectively.

Deferred revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:

Balance as of January 1, 2023	$	13,000
Additions		29,350
Recognized as revenue		(42,350	)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	-

Earnings per Share: Earnings per share (“EPS”) are the amount of earnings attributable to each share of common stock. Basic EPS has been computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Income available to common stockholders has been computed by deducting dividends accumulated for the period on cumulative preferred stock (whether or not earned) and deemed dividends due to down round financings from net income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, income available to common stockholders was adjusted for deemed dividends due to down round financings of $11,653,986 (Note 11). Diluted earnings per share has been computed by dividing income available to common stockholders adjusted on an if-converted basis for the period by the

weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common share outstanding (which consist of warrants, options, restricted stock units and convertible securities using the if-converted or treasury stock method to the extent they are dilutive). Approximately 1,144 thousand and 381 shares of dilutive shares were excluded from the three months period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, EPS calculation as their impact is antidilutive. Approximately 537 thousand and 58 shares of dilutive shares were excluded from the nine months period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, EPS calculation as their impact is antidilutive.

Net loss attributable to common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:

	Three months ended			Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(11,906,097	)
Down round deemed dividend		-			(11,653,986	)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(1,909,273	)		(23,560,083	)
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(4.04	)		(66.40	)

Recently Adopted or to be Adopted Accounting Policies

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2020-06. The adoption resulted in the elimination of the beneficial conversion feature recognized on the Company’s convertible debt. The Company elected to apply the modified retrospective method to all open contracts as of January 1, 2023, and the cumulative effect of initially applying ASU 2020-06 was recognized as an adjustment to the Company’s retained earnings balance as of January 1, 2023. Comparative periods have not been restated and continue to be reported under the accounting standard in effect for those periods.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company’s January 1, 2023, unaudited condensed balance sheet for the adoption of ASU 2020-06 is as follows:

	Balance at December 31, 2022			Adjustments Due to Adoption			Balance at January 1, 2023
Liabilities
Non-current convertible notes, net	$	5,268,399		$	3,686,243		$	8,954,642
Shareholders' equity
Additional paid in capital		452,135,653			(3,795,874	)		448,339,779
Accumulated deficit		(447,537,493	)		109,631			(447,427,862	)

The impact due to the change in accounting principle on net income and earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Post ASU 2020-06			Pre ASU 2020-06			Difference
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(5,668,147	)	$	3,758,874
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(1,909,273	)		(5,668,147	)		3,758,874
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(4.04	)		(11.98	)		(7.94	)
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(11,906,097	)	$	(20,553,708	)	$	8,647,611
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(23,560,083	)		(32,207,694	)		8,647,611
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(66.40	)		(90.77	)		(24.37	)

Other new pronouncements issued but not effective as of September 30, 2023 are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements.

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LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Liquidity And Continued Operations [Abstract]

LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

NOTE 4. LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company entered into multiple financing agreements to fund operations. Further discussion of these transactions can be found in Notes 12 and 15 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In March 2023, the Company redeployed its Thornton manufacturing facility to focus on industrial commercialization of the Company's patent-pending Perovskite solar technologies. In April 2023, the Company purchased manufacturing assets in Zurich, Switzerland with plans to commence manufacturing using this equipment; however, in June 2023, Management exercised its put option to sell the this equipment (see Note 5) and is planning to restart production at its Thornton facility. Management does not expect that sales revenue and cash flows will be sufficient to support operations and cash requirements until the Company is able to achieve large scale production capacities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 the Company used $7,329,398 in cash for operations.

Additionally, projected revenues may not result in a positive cash flow position for the next twelve months. The Company had a working capital deficit of $8,726,319 as of September 30, 2023. Management does not believe cash liquidity is sufficient for the next twelve months and will require additional financing.

The Company continues to look for ways to produce its PV films at industrial scale and to secure long-term contracts for the sale of such output. The Company continues activities related to securing additional financing through strategic investors, but there is no assurance the Company will be able to raise additional capital on acceptable terms or at all. If the Company's revenues do not increase rapidly, and/or additional financing is not obtained, the Company will be required to significantly curtail operations to reduce costs and/or sell assets. Such actions would likely have an adverse impact on the Company's future operations.

As a result of the Company’s recurring losses from operations and the need for additional financing to fund its operating and capital requirements, there is uncertainty regarding the Company’s ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate its business effectively, which raises doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Management cannot provide any assurances that the Company will be successful in accomplishing any of its plans. These unaudited condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

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ASSET ACQUISITION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

ASSET ACQUISITION

NOTE 5. ASSET ACQUISITION

On April 17, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”) with Flisom (the “Seller”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company purchased certain assets relating to thin-film photovoltaic manufacturing and production from the Seller (collectively, the “Assets”), including (i) certain manufacturing equipment located at Seller’s Niederhasli, Switzerland facility (the “Manufacturing Facility”) and (ii) related inventory and raw materials at the Manufacturing Facility (collectively, the “Transaction”). In connection with the Transaction, the Company also acquired, by operation of Swiss law, the employment contracts of certain employees of Seller in Switzerland who are functionally predominantly working with the Assets, subject to such employees being offered the right to remain employed by Seller after the closing of the Transaction. The total consideration paid by the Company to Seller in connection with the Transaction was an aggregate amount in cash equal to $2,800,000.

At the Closing, the Company and Seller also entered into (i) a Transition Services Agreement requiring the Seller to provide transition support for the Company’s operation of the Assets, with fees to be paid by the Company for performing defined support services, (ii) a Sublease Agreement allowing the Company’s to use the Manufacturing Facility where the Assets are located, and (iii) a Technology License Agreement, pursuant to which Seller granted the Company a revocable, non-exclusive license to certain intellectual property rights of the Seller used in the operation of the Assets (the “Licensed IP”), subject to certain encumbrances on the Licensed IP in favor of Seller’s lender. The Company will also receive proceeds from fulfilling a supply agreement obligation for one of the Seller’s customers.

The total purchase price, including transaction costs of $1,283,926, was allocated as follows:

	Asset Price Allocation
Inventory
Raw Material	$	130,030
Finished Goods		62,427
Other Assets		98,746
Fixed Assets
Manufacturing machinery and equipment		3,682,621
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and    computer software		110,102

In addition to the Asset Purchase Agreement, on April 20, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) with FL1 Holding GmbH, a German company (“FL1”) that is affiliated with BD 1 Investment Holding, LLC (“BD1”), an affiliate of the Company, BD1 and BD Vermögensverwaltung GmbH (“BD”), the parent entity of FL1 (collectively, the “Affiliates”), in connection with the prospective acquisition by FL1 of substantially all shares in Seller following the Closing, subject to the satisfaction of certain terms and conditions. The Letter Agreement, among other things, granted the Company the option, but not the obligation, (i) to purchase certain intellectual property rights of Seller relating to thin-film photovoltaic manufacture and production for $2,000,000 following the release of certain liens on such intellectual property rights in favor of Seller’s lender, and (ii) for a period of 12 months following the Closing, to resell the Assets to the Affiliates for an aggregate amount equal to $5,000,000, with such transaction to close within 90 days following the exercise of the Company’s resale right. On June 16, 2023, the Company exercised its option to resell the Assets to the Affiliates. The Company has not received payment on this option and Management continues to discuss with the Affiliates the Company's options and rights to resolve this matter.

In September, 2023, Flisom filed for bankruptcy in Switzerland. These proceeding are in the initial phase in which the bankruptcy office will need to determine if the proceedings can be carried out with a creditors' meeting, without a creditors' meeting, or will be discontinued due to lack of Flisom assets to pay for these proceedings. The Company's purchased Assets are currently located in the Manufacturing Facility.

Management has retained legal counsel who have been in discussions with the bankruptcy office and the Manufacturing Facility landlord. While it is too early to predict the outcome of this matter or whether an adverse result would have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial position, Management continues to assess its options.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company's the book value of the Assets was approximately $4,070 thousand and the Company had a payable to Flisom of approximately $750 thousand.

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

NOTE 6. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

On September 15, 2021, the Company entered into a Long-Term Supply and Joint Development Agreement (“JDA”) with TubeSolar. Under the terms of the JDA, the Company will produce, and TubeSolar will purchase, thin-film photovoltaic (“PV”) foils (“PV Foils”) for use in TubeSolar’s solar modules for agricultural photovoltaic (“APV”) applications that require solar foils for its production. Additionally, the Company will receive (i) up to $4 million of non-recurring engineering (“NRE”) fees, (ii) up to $13.5 million of payments upon achievement of certain agreed upon production and cost structure milestones and (iii) product revenues from sales of PV Foils to TubeSolar. The JDA has no fixed term, and may only be terminated by either party for breach. No revenue was recognized under the JDA during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. $512,000 of NRE revenue were recognized under the JDA during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. In June, 2023, TubeSolar filed an application for the opening of insolvency proceedings with the competent insolvency court due to insolvency.

The Company and TubeSolar have also jointly established Ascent Solar Technologies Germany GmbH (“Ascent Germany”), in which TubeSolar holds 30% of the entity. Ascent Germany was established to operate a PV manufacturing facility in Germany that will produce and deliver PV Foils exclusively to TubeSolar. The parties expect to jointly develop next generation tooling for use in manufacturing PV Foils at the JV facility. The Company accounts for this investment as an equity method investment as it does not have control of this entity, but does have significant influence over the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s operations and financial performance. The Company contributed $- and $83,559 to Ascent Germany during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There has been no material activity in Ascent Germany since its establishment and the Company currently cannot quantify its maximum exposure in this entity.

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PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

NOTE 7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30,			As of December 31,
	2023			2022
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and    computer software	$	578,690		$	482,235
Manufacturing machinery and equipment		23,552,252			21,739,504
Leasehold improvements		15,994			87,957
Manufacturing machinery and equipment,    in progress		35,359			280,473
Depreciable property, plant and equipment		24,182,295			22,590,169
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(20,125,328	)		(22,038,508	)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	4,056,967		$	551,661

Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $18,931 and $15,705, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $59,570 and $40,623, respectively. Depreciation expense is recorded under “Depreciation and amortization expense” in the unaudited Condensed Statements of Operations.

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OPERATING LEASE

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

OPERATING LEASE

NOTE 8. OPERATING LEASE

The Company’s lease is primarily comprised of approximately 100,000 rentable square feet for its manufacturing and operations. This lease is classified and accounted for as an operating lease. The building lease term is for 88 months commencing on September 21, 2020 at a rent of $50,000 per month including taxes, insurance and common area maintenance until December 31, 2020. Beginning January 1, 2021, the rent adjusted to $80,000 per month on a triple net basis and shall increase at an annual rate of 3% per annum until December 31, 2027.

Effective September 1, 2023, the lease was amended to reduce the rentable square feet from 100,000 to 73,319 and the rent and tenant share of expenses were decreased in proportion to the reduction in rentable square feet. The Company recorded this as a lease modification in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, and recorded a reduction to the right of use asset and lease

liability of $1,292,316 and $1,376,994, respectively. The Company recognized a gain on the lease modification of $84,678, which was recorded as other income in the unaudited Condensed Statement of Operations.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases were as follows:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$	2,476,958	$	4,324,514
Current portion of operating lease liability		471,497		733,572
Non-current portion of operating lease liability		2,171,440		3,827,878

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded operating lease expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses of $236,925 and $261,069, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded operating lease expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses of $770,836 and $777,854, respectively.

Future maturities of the operating lease liability are as follows:

Remainder of 2023	$	186,682
2024		769,130
2025		792,203
2026		815,969
2027		840,449
Total lease payments		3,404,433
Less amounts representing interest		(761,496	)
Present value of lease liability	$	2,642,937

The remaining weighted average lease term and discount rate of the operating leases is 51 months and 12.0%, respectively.

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INVENTORIES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

INVENTORIES

NOTE 9. INVENTORIES

Inventories, net of reserves, consisted of the following at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Raw materials	$	577,536	$	577,799
Work in process		10,267		37,351
Finished goods		48,216		133
Total	$	636,019	$	615,283

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OTHER PAYABLE

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

OTHER PAYABLE

NOTE 10. OTHER PAYABLE

On June 30, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement with a vendor (“Vendor”) to convert the balance of their account into a note payable in the amount of $250,000. The note bears interest of 5% per annum and matured on February 28, 2018. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had not made any payments on this note, the accrued interest was $78,185, and the note is due upon demand. This note is recorded as Other payable in the unaudited Condensed Balance Sheets.

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CONVERTIBLE NOTES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

CONVERTIBLE NOTES

NOTE 11. CONVERTIBLE NOTES

The following table provides a summary of the activity of the Company's secured, convertible, promissory notes:

	Principal Balance 12/31/2022		Notes converted			Principal Balance 9/30/2023		Less: Discount Balance			Net Principal Balance 9/30/2023
Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, LTD	$	7,392,899	$	(7,392,899	)	$	—	$	—		$	—
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd		7,500,000		(7,093,333	)		406,667		(87,126	)		319,541
	$	14,892,899	$	(14,486,232	)	$	406,667	$	(87,126	)	$	319,541

Sabby / L1 Convertible Notes

On December 19, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Contract (the “Securities Purchase Contract”) with two institutional investors (each, an “Investor” and collectively, the “Investors”) for the issuance to the Investors of $12,500,000 in aggregate principal amount of Senior Secured Original Issue 10% Discount Convertible Advance Notes pursuant to a direct registered offering (the “Registered Advance Notes”) and $2,500,000 in aggregate principal amount of Senior Secured Original Issue 10% Discount Convertible Advance Notes in a concurrent private placement (the “Private Placement Advance Notes” and, together with the Registered Advance Notes, the “Advance Notes”).

On March 29, 2023, the Company and each of the Investors entered into a Waiver and Amendment Agreement (the “Amendment”) relating to the Securities Purchase Contract and the Advance Notes to waive any event of default arising under Section 2.1 of the Advance Notes relating to the Company’s receipt of notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that the Company is not in compliance with the $1.00 Minimum Bid Price Requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Specified Default”).

Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company and each of the Investors agreed to waive the Specified Default and further agreed to the amend the Advance Notes to provide that (i) the new “Floor Price” for all purposes of the Advance Notes is $0.20 per share of the Company’s common stock, (ii) until the Company regains compliance with the $1.00 Minimum Bid Price Requirement, “Conversion Price” under the Advance Notes will mean the “Alternative Conversion Price” (as defined in the Advance Notes) and (iii) the Company will make certain prepayments of the Advance Notes held by the Investors on the following dates and in the following aggregate cash amounts, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Advance Notes to be repaid plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon (if any). The Company's failure to comply with the terms of the Amendment would constitute an Event of Default under the Advance Notes.

On April 12, 2023, the Company and each of the Investors entered in a further amendment to the Amendment (the “Revised Amendment”), to provide for a consistent prepayment schedule for the Advance Notes held by each of the Investors. After giving effect to the Revised Amendment, the Advance Notes will be prepaid by the Company in cash on the following dates and in the following aggregate amounts, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Advance Notes to be prepaid plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon (if any). The Company’s failure to comply with the terms of the Revised Amendment would constitute an “Event of Default” under the Advance Notes.

Prepayment Date	Aggregate
April 3, 2023	$	333,333
April 13, 2023		333,333
May 18, 2023		666,667
June 19, 2023		666,667
	$	2,000,000

On May 22, 2023, the Investors and the Company agreed to defer for 90 days each of the two prepayments of $666,667 that were scheduled for May 18, 2023 and June 19, 2023. Accordingly, (i) the May 18, 2023 payment is deferred until August 16, 2023, and (ii) the June 19, 2023 payment is delayed until September 17, 2023.

On May 25, 2023, the Company and each of the Investors entered into a Waiver and Amendment Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) relating to the Securities Purchase Contract and the Advance Notes. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, the Company and each of the Investors agreed to amend the Advance Notes to provide that if the Company receives a Notice of Conversion at a time that the Conversion Price (or, as applicable, the Alternative Conversion Price) then in effect Price, without regard to the Floor Price (the “Applicable Conversion Price”), is less than the Floor Price then in effect, the Company shall issue a number of shares equal to the Conversion Amount divided by such Floor Price and, at its election (x) pay the economic difference between the Applicable Conversion Price and such Floor Price (the “Outstanding Conversion Amount”) in cash at such time or (y) pay the Outstanding Conversion Amount following the consummation of a reverse stock split by the Company (1) in cash or (2) by issuing to the Holder a number of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate value equal to the Outstanding Conversion Amount, with the value per share of Common Stock for purposes of such calculation equal to (i) if such shares are issued on or prior to August 23, 2023, the daily VWAP of the Common Stock on the Trading Day following the date of the consummation of such reverse stock split or (ii) if such shares are issued after August 23, 2023, 90% of the daily VWAP of the Common Stock on the Trading Day following the date of the consummation of such reverse stock split. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $6,470,540 in Outstanding Conversion Amounts recorded as Conversions Payable on the unaudited Condensed Balance Sheets.

The Securities Purchase Contract also included certain warrants to purchase up to 12,567 shares of common stock (the "Warrants"). The Warrants were issued with an exercise price equal to $786 per share, subject to certain adjustments in certain events, including the future issuance by the Company of securities with a purchase or conversion, exercise or exchange price that is less than the exercise price of the Warrants then in effect at any time.

On April 14, 2023 the Company entered a securities purchase agreement (“SPA”) with Lucro Investments VCC-ESG Opportunities Fund (“Lucro”) for an approximate $9 million private placement (the “Private Placement”) of an aggregate of 37,500 shares of the Company’s Common Stock. The per share purchase price for the Shares is $240 per share. The terms of the SPA with Lucro triggered certain adjustments to the Advance Notes and the Warrants in accordance with the existing terms of the outstanding Advance Notes and the outstanding Warrants. Following these adjustments:

1.The fixed conversion price of the remaining principal outstanding on the Advance Notes was lowered to $73.22 per share of Common Stock;

2.The exercise price of the outstanding Warrants was lowered to $73.22 per share of Common Stock; and

3.The number of shares that the Warrants are exercisable for increased from 12,567 to 134,904 shares of Common Stock.

On June 29, 2023 the Company entered a securities purchase agreement (“Series 1B SPA”) with accredited investors (the "Accredited Investors") for the private placement of $900,000 for 900 shares of the Company’s newly designated Series 1B Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series 1B Preferred Stock”) (Note 13). Shares of the Series 1B Preferred Stock are convertible at the option of the holder into common stock at an initial conversion price of equal to $28.00 per share.

The terms of the Series 1B SPA triggered certain further adjustments to the Advance Notes and the Warrants in accordance with the existing terms of the outstanding Advance Notes and the outstanding Warrants. Following these further adjustments in June 2023:

1.The fixed conversion price of the remaining principal outstanding on the Advance Notes was lowered to $25.36 per share of Common Stock;

2.The exercise price of the outstanding Warrants was lowered to $25.36 per share of Common Stock; and

3.The number of shares that the Warrants are exercisable for increased from 134,904 to 389,500 shares of Common Stock.

Pursuant to ASC 260, Earnings per Share, the Company recorded a deemed dividend for the down round adjustments of $11,653,986 which reduced income available to common shareholders in the Company's earnings per share calculations.

Under the existing terms of the Advance Notes the conversion price may in no event be less than a floor price (the “Floor Price”) of $40 currently. The new adjusted fixed conversion price of the Advance Notes ($1.765) is less than the Floor Price. Accordingly, upon conversion of the Advance Notes, the Company shall issue a number of shares equal to the Conversion

Amount divided by such Floor Price and, at its election (x) pay the economic difference between the Applicable Conversion Price and such Floor Price (the “Outstanding Conversion Amount”) in cash at such time or (y) pay the Outstanding Conversion Amount following the consummation of a reverse stock split by the Company (1) in cash or (2) by issuing to the Holder a number of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate value equal to the Outstanding Conversion Amount, with the value per share of Common Stock for purposes of such calculation equal to (i) if such shares are issued on or prior to August 23, 2023, the daily VWAP of the Common Stock on the Trading Day following the date of the consummation of such reverse stock split or (ii) if such shares are issued after August 23, 2023, 90% of the daily VWAP of the Common Stock on the Trading Day following the date of the consummation of such reverse stock split.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company settled $14.5 million of principal as follows:

	Debt Settlement
Equity issued for convertible debt	$	2,912,759
Conversions payable		6,470,540
Cash repayments		1,025,423
Accelerated discount recognized in APIC		4,077,510
Principal settled during the nine months ended September 30, 2023	$	14,486,232

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company had interest expense of $271,162 and $2,070,669, respectively, of which, $231,536 and $1,773,633 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, was due to accretion of discount on the Advanced Notes. Interest payable was $85,731 as of September 30, 2023.

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SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Series A Preferred Stock

NOTE 12. SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK

As of January 1, 2023, there were 48,100 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends at a rate of 8% per annum when and if declared by the Board of Directors at its sole discretion. The dividends may be paid in cash or in the form of common stock (valued at 10% below market price, but not to exceed the lowest closing price during the applicable measurement period), at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The dividend rate on the Series A Preferred Stock is indexed to the Company's stock price and subject to adjustment.

The Series A Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of common stock at the option of the Company if the closing price of the common stock exceeds $232 million, adjusted for reverse stock splits, for twenty consecutive trading days, or by the holder at any time. The Company has the right to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock at a price of $8.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, plus the make-whole amount (if applicable). At September 30, 2023, the preferred shares were not eligible for conversion to common shares at the option of the Company. The holder of the preferred shares may convert to common shares at any time. After making adjustment for the Company’s prior reverse stock splits, all 48,100 outstanding Series A preferred shares are convertible into less than one common share. Upon any conversion (whether at the option of the Company or the holder), the holder is entitled to receive any accrued but unpaid dividends.

Except as otherwise required by law (or with respect to approval of certain actions), the Series A Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, after payment or provision for payment of debts and other liabilities of the Company, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, pari passu with any distribution to the holders of common stock of the Company, an amount equal to $8.00 per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus any accrued and unpaid dividends.

As of September 30, 2023, there were 48,100 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding and accrued and unpaid dividends of $501,977.

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SERIES 1B PREFERRED STOCK

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Series 1 B Preferred Stock

NOTE 13. SERIES 1B PREFERRED STOCK

On June 29, 2023, the Company entered into the Series 1B SPA with Accredited Investors for the private placement of 900 shares of Series 1B Preferred Stock for $900,000 gross proceeds.

The Series 1B Preferred Stock ranks senior to the common stock with respect to dividends and rights upon liquidation. Holders of the Series 1B Preferred Stock do not have voting rights and are not entitled to any fixed rate of dividends; however, if the Company pays a dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions payable on shares of common stock, then the Company will make a dividend or distribution to the holders of the Series 1B Preferred Stock in such amounts as each share of Series 1B Preferred Stock would have been entitled to receive if such share of Series 1B Preferred Stock was converted into shares of common stock at the time of payment of the stock dividend or distribution.

There is no scheduled or mandatory redemption for the Series 1B Preferred Stock and there is no redemption for the Series 1B Preferred Stock exercisable (i) at the option of the Investor, or (ii) at the option of the Company.

Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of Series 1B Preferred Stock will be entitled to be paid out of our assets, prior to the holders of our common stock, an amount equal to $1,000 per share plus any accrued but unpaid dividends (if any) thereon.

Shares of the Series 1B Preferred Stock are convertible at the option of the holder into common stock at an initial conversion price of equal to $28.00 per share. The conversion price for the Series 1B Preferred Stock is subject to adjustment on the earliest of the date that (a) a resale registration statement relating to the shares of common stock underlying the Series 1B Preferred Stock has been declared effective by the SEC, (b) all of such underlying shares of common stock have been sold pursuant to SEC Rule 144 or may be sold pursuant to SEC Rule 144 without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions, (c) the one year anniversary of the closing provided that a holder of such underlying shares is not an affiliate of the Company or (d) all of such underlying shares may be sold pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(1) of the Securities Act without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions (such earliest date, the “Reset Date”).

On the Reset Date, the conversion price shall be equal to the lower of (i) $0.14 and (ii) 90% of the lowest VWAP for the Company’s common stock out of the 10 trading days commencing 5 trading days immediately prior to the Reset Date, provided that the conversion price may not be adjusted to less than $10.00 per share.

Holders of the Series 1B Preferred Stock (together with its affiliates) may not convert any portion of such Investor’s Series 1B Preferred Stock to the extent that the holder would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock after conversion, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holders to the Company, the holder may increase the maximum amount of its beneficial ownership of outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock after converting the holder’s Series 1B Preferred Stock up to 9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the conversion, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Series 1B Preferred Stock.

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

NOTE 14. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Common Stock

At September 30, 2023, the Company had 500 million shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized for issuance. Each share of common stock has the right to one vote. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had 549,199 shares of common stock outstanding. The Company has not declared or paid any dividends related to the common stock during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $14.5 million of convertible debt principal was converted into 288,451 shares of common stock and 1,425 shares of common stock was issued for vendor services.

Preferred Stock

At September 30, 2023, the Company had 25 million shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized for issuance. Preferred stock may be issued in classes or series. Designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions are determined by the Company’s Board of Directors.

The following table summarizes the designations, shares authorized, and shares outstanding for the Company’s Preferred Stock:

Preferred Stock Series Designation	Shares Authorized		Shares Outstanding
Series A		750,000		48,100
Series 1A		5,000		—
Series B-1		2,000		—
Series B-2		1,000		—
Series 1B		900		900
Series C		1,000		—
Series D		3,000		—
Series D-1		2,500		—
Series E		2,800		—
Series F		7,000		—
Series G		2,000		—
Series H		2,500		—
Series I		1,000		—
Series J		1,350		—
Series J-1		1,000		—
Series K		20,000		—

Warrants

As of September 30, 2023, there are 396,576 outstanding warrants with exercise prices between $25.36 and $1,060 per share.

Series A Preferred Stock

Refer to Note 12 for information on Series A Preferred Stock.

Series 1B Preferred Stock

Refer to Note 13 for information on Series 1B Preferred Stock.

Series 1A, B-1, B-2, C, D, D-1, E, F, G, H, I, J, J-1, and K Preferred Stock

There were no transactions involving the Series 1A, B-1, B-2, C, D, D-1, E, F, G, H, I, J, J-1, or K during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

NOTE 15. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

In 2022, the Company granted restricted stock units to its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. On April 26, 2023, the Company terminated its employment contract with the Company's then Chief Executive Officer resulting in the forfeiture of 11,389 restricted stock units. The remaining non-vested shares of 2,100 units as of September 30, 2023 are expected to vest in the future. Total unrecognized share-based compensation expense from the remaining unvested restricted stock as of September 30, 2023 was approximately $1,251,600 and is expected to be recognized over 27 months. The Company recognized share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock grants of $139,067 and $2,104,378 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The following table summarizes non-vested restricted stock and the related activity as of September 30, 2023:

	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2023		15,760		989.08
Vested		2,271		926.66
Forfeited		11,389		1,074.00
Non-vested at September 30, 2023		2,100		596.00

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

NOTE 16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

On April 26, 2023, the board of directors of the Company terminated Jeffrey Max as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Max claims that his termination was not for cause as defined in his employment agreement which could enable him to certain benefits, including severance and vesting of restricted stock units. Management believes Mr. Max was terminated for cause and any such claims, if asserted, would be without substantial merit. Although the outcome of any legal proceedings is uncertain, the Company will vigorously defend any future claims made by Mr. Max.

On August 15, 2023, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright”) filed an action against the Company in the New York State Supreme Court in New York County. The complaint alleges a breach by the Company of an investment banking engagement letter entered into in October 2021. The Wainwright engagement letter expired in April 2022 without any financing transaction having been completed. The complaint claims that Wainright is entitled, under a “tail provision”, to an 8% fee and 7% warrant coverage on the Company’s $15 million secured convertible note financing. The complaint seeks damages of $1.2 million, 2,169.5 common stock warrants with a per share exercise price of $605, and attorney fees. While it is too early to predict the outcome of this legal proceeding or whether an adverse result would have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial position, we believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend this legal matter vigorously.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings, both asserted and unasserted, that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of such legal proceedings or in certain instances provide reasonable ranges of potential losses. However, as of the date of this report, the Company believes that none of these claims will have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations. In the event of unexpected subsequent developments and given the inherent unpredictability of these legal proceedings, there can be no assurance that the Company’s assessment of any claim will reflect the ultimate outcome, and an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations in particular quarterly or annual periods.

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

NOTE 17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On September 28, 2023, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement (the “Placement Agent Agreement”) with Dawson James Securities Inc. (“Dawson James”) pursuant to which the Company engaged Dawson James as the placement agent for a registered public offering by the Company (the “Offering”), of an aggregate of 3,572,635 units (“Units”) at a price of $2.88 per Unit, for gross proceeds of approximately $10.3 million, before deducting offering expenses.

Each Unit is comprised of (i) one share of common stock or, in lieu of common stock, one prefunded warrant to purchase a share of common stock, and (ii) one common warrant to purchase a share of common stock. The prefunded warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $0.0001 per share of common stock and only expire when such prefunded warrants are fully exercised. The common warrants are immediately exercisable at a price of $2.88 per share of common stock and will expire five years from the date of issuance.

The Company agreed to pay Dawson James a placement agent fee in cash equal to 8.00% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Units. The Company also agreed to reimburse Dawson James for all reasonable travel and other out-of-pocket expenses, including the reasonable fees of legal counsel, not to exceed $155,000.

The Offering closed on October 2, 2023 and, in the Offering, the Company issued (i) 389,024 common shares, (ii) 3,183,611 prefunded warrants, and (iii) 3,572,635 common warrants.

The Company used a portion of the proceeds from the Offering to retire approximately $5,212 thousand of the outstanding conversion amount payable related to the Company’s secured convertible notes and all $900 thousand of the Company’s outstanding Series 1B Preferred Stock.

Subsequent to September 30, 2023, 2,468,500 of the pre-funded warrants were exercised into common stock.

The terms of the Offering triggered certain further adjustments to the Advance Notes and the Warrants in accordance with the existing terms of the outstanding Advance Notes and the outstanding Warrants. Following these further adjustments in October 2023:

•The fixed conversion price of the approximately then outstanding $400,000 principal amount currently outstanding Advance Notes has been lowered to $1.765 per share of Common Stock;

•The exercise price of the outstanding Warrants has been lowered to $1.765 per share of Common Stock; and

•The number of shares that the Warrants are exercisable for has been increased from 389,500 to 5,596,232 shares of Common Stock.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition:

Product revenue. The Company recognizes revenue for the sale of PV modules and other equipment sales at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of the underlying contracts. For module and other equipment sales contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices, or estimates of such prices, and recognizes the related revenue as control of each individual product is transferred to the customer.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized product revenue of $209,496 and $6,344, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized product revenue of $395,106 and $688,125, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, one customer comprised 100% and 75% of total product revenue, respectively.

Milestone and engineering revenue. Each milestone and engineering arrangement is a separate performance obligation. The transaction price is estimated using the most likely amount method and revenue is recognized as the performance obligation is satisfied through achieving manufacturing, cost, or engineering targets. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized total milestone and engineering revenue of $20,458 and $–, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized total milestone and engineering revenue of $60,374 and $522,000, respectively. $512,000 of the $522,000 earned in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was earned from TubeSolar AG (“TubeSolar”), a related party.

Government contracts revenue. Revenue from government research and development contracts is generated under terms that are cost plus fee or firm fixed price. The Company generally recognizes this revenue over time using cost-based input methods, which recognizes revenue and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs of the contract. In applying cost-based input methods of revenue recognition, the Company uses the actual costs incurred relative to the total estimated costs to determine our progress towards contract completion and to calculate the corresponding amount of revenue to recognize.

Cost based input methods of revenue recognition are considered a faithful depiction of the Company’s efforts to satisfy long-term government research and development contracts and therefore reflect the performance obligations under such contracts. Costs incurred that do not contribute to satisfying the Company’s performance obligations are excluded from the input methods of revenue recognition as the amounts are not reflective of transferring control under the contract. Costs incurred towards contract completion may include direct costs plus allowable indirect costs and an allocable portion of the fixed fee. If actual and estimated costs to complete a contract indicate a loss, provision is made currently for the loss anticipated on the contract.

No government contract revenue was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Accounts Receivable. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had an accounts receivable, net balance of $– and $1,769, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $– and $26,000, respectively.

Deferred revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:

Balance as of January 1, 2023	$	13,000
Additions		29,350
Recognized as revenue		(42,350	)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	-

Earnings Per Share

Earnings per Share: Earnings per share (“EPS”) are the amount of earnings attributable to each share of common stock. Basic EPS has been computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Income available to common stockholders has been computed by deducting dividends accumulated for the period on cumulative preferred stock (whether or not earned) and deemed dividends due to down round financings from net income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, income available to common stockholders was adjusted for deemed dividends due to down round financings of $11,653,986 (Note 11). Diluted earnings per share has been computed by dividing income available to common stockholders adjusted on an if-converted basis for the period by the

weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive common share outstanding (which consist of warrants, options, restricted stock units and convertible securities using the if-converted or treasury stock method to the extent they are dilutive). Approximately 1,144 thousand and 381 shares of dilutive shares were excluded from the three months period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, EPS calculation as their impact is antidilutive. Approximately 537 thousand and 58 shares of dilutive shares were excluded from the nine months period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, EPS calculation as their impact is antidilutive.

Net loss attributable to common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:

	Three months ended			Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(11,906,097	)
Down round deemed dividend		-			(11,653,986	)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(1,909,273	)		(23,560,083	)
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(4.04	)		(66.40	)

Recently Adopted or to be Adopted Accounting Policies

Recently Adopted or to be Adopted Accounting Policies

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2020-06. The adoption resulted in the elimination of the beneficial conversion feature recognized on the Company’s convertible debt. The Company elected to apply the modified retrospective method to all open contracts as of January 1, 2023, and the cumulative effect of initially applying ASU 2020-06 was recognized as an adjustment to the Company’s retained earnings balance as of January 1, 2023. Comparative periods have not been restated and continue to be reported under the accounting standard in effect for those periods.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company’s January 1, 2023, unaudited condensed balance sheet for the adoption of ASU 2020-06 is as follows:

	Balance at December 31, 2022			Adjustments Due to Adoption			Balance at January 1, 2023
Liabilities
Non-current convertible notes, net	$	5,268,399		$	3,686,243		$	8,954,642
Shareholders' equity
Additional paid in capital		452,135,653			(3,795,874	)		448,339,779
Accumulated deficit		(447,537,493	)		109,631			(447,427,862	)

The impact due to the change in accounting principle on net income and earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Post ASU 2020-06			Pre ASU 2020-06			Difference
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(5,668,147	)	$	3,758,874
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(1,909,273	)		(5,668,147	)		3,758,874
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(4.04	)		(11.98	)		(7.94	)
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(11,906,097	)	$	(20,553,708	)	$	8,647,611
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(23,560,083	)		(32,207,694	)		8,647,611
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(66.40	)		(90.77	)		(24.37	)

Other new pronouncements issued but not effective as of September 30, 2023 are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements.

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:

Balance as of January 1, 2023	$	13,000
Additions		29,350
Recognized as revenue		(42,350	)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	-

Net Loss Attributable to Common Shareholders

Net loss attributable to common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:

	Three months ended			Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023			September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(11,906,097	)
Down round deemed dividend		-			(11,653,986	)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(1,909,273	)		(23,560,083	)
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(4.04	)		(66.40	)

Cumulative Effect of Changes in Fianancial Statement

The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company’s January 1, 2023, unaudited condensed balance sheet for the adoption of ASU 2020-06 is as follows:

	Balance at December 31, 2022			Adjustments Due to Adoption			Balance at January 1, 2023
Liabilities
Non-current convertible notes, net	$	5,268,399		$	3,686,243		$	8,954,642
Shareholders' equity
Additional paid in capital		452,135,653			(3,795,874	)		448,339,779
Accumulated deficit		(447,537,493	)		109,631			(447,427,862	)

The impact due to the change in accounting principle on net income and earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Post ASU 2020-06			Pre ASU 2020-06			Difference
Three months ended September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(1,909,273	)	$	(5,668,147	)	$	3,758,874
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(1,909,273	)		(5,668,147	)		3,758,874
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(4.04	)		(11.98	)		(7.94	)
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Net Loss	$	(11,906,097	)	$	(20,553,708	)	$	8,647,611
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders		(23,560,083	)		(32,207,694	)		8,647,611
Earnings Per Share (Basic and Diluted)		(66.40	)		(90.77	)		(24.37	)

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ASSET ACQUISITION (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Flisom AG

Asset Acquisition [Line Items]

Summary of Asset Price Allocation

The total purchase price, including transaction costs of $1,283,926, was allocated as follows:

	Asset Price Allocation
Inventory
Raw Material	$	130,030
Finished Goods		62,427
Other Assets		98,746
Fixed Assets
Manufacturing machinery and equipment		3,682,621
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and    computer software		110,102

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PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30,			As of December 31,
	2023			2022
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and    computer software	$	578,690		$	482,235
Manufacturing machinery and equipment		23,552,252			21,739,504
Leasehold improvements		15,994			87,957
Manufacturing machinery and equipment,    in progress		35,359			280,473
Depreciable property, plant and equipment		24,182,295			22,590,169
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(20,125,328	)		(22,038,508	)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	4,056,967		$	551,661

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OPERATING LEASE (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Related to Company's Leases

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases were as follows:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$	2,476,958	$	4,324,514
Current portion of operating lease liability		471,497		733,572
Non-current portion of operating lease liability		2,171,440		3,827,878

Schedule Future Maturities of Operating Lease Liability

Future maturities of the operating lease liability are as follows:

Remainder of 2023	$	186,682
2024		769,130
2025		792,203
2026		815,969
2027		840,449
Total lease payments		3,404,433
Less amounts representing interest		(761,496	)
Present value of lease liability	$	2,642,937

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INVENTORIES (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventory, Net of Reserves

Inventories, net of reserves, consisted of the following at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2023		2022
Raw materials	$	577,536	$	577,799
Work in process		10,267		37,351
Finished goods		48,216		133
Total	$	636,019	$	615,283

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CONVERTIBLE NOTES (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Convertible Debt

The following table provides a summary of the activity of the Company's secured, convertible, promissory notes:

	Principal Balance 12/31/2022		Notes converted			Principal Balance 9/30/2023		Less: Discount Balance			Net Principal Balance 9/30/2023
Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, LTD	$	7,392,899	$	(7,392,899	)	$	—	$	—		$	—
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd		7,500,000		(7,093,333	)		406,667		(87,126	)		319,541
	$	14,892,899	$	(14,486,232	)	$	406,667	$	(87,126	)	$	319,541

Summary of Convertible Notes Prepayment

Prepayment Date	Aggregate
April 3, 2023	$	333,333
April 13, 2023		333,333
May 18, 2023		666,667
June 19, 2023		666,667
	$	2,000,000

Summary of Settlement of Debt

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company settled $14.5 million of principal as follows:

	Debt Settlement
Equity issued for convertible debt	$	2,912,759
Conversions payable		6,470,540
Cash repayments		1,025,423
Accelerated discount recognized in APIC		4,077,510
Principal settled during the nine months ended September 30, 2023	$	14,486,232

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock by Class

The following table summarizes the designations, shares authorized, and shares outstanding for the Company’s Preferred Stock:

Preferred Stock Series Designation	Shares Authorized		Shares Outstanding
Series A		750,000		48,100
Series 1A		5,000		—
Series B-1		2,000		—
Series B-2		1,000		—
Series 1B		900		900
Series C		1,000		—
Series D		3,000		—
Series D-1		2,500		—
Series E		2,800		—
Series F		7,000		—
Series G		2,000		—
Series H		2,500		—
Series I		1,000		—
Series J		1,350		—
Series J-1		1,000		—
Series K		20,000		—

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Non-vested Restricted Stock and Related Activity

The following table summarizes non-vested restricted stock and the related activity as of September 30, 2023:

	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2023		15,760		989.08
Vested		2,271		926.66
Forfeited		11,389		1,074.00
Non-vested at September 30, 2023		2,100		596.00

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ORGANIZATION - Additional Information (Details)	Sep. 11, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Reverse stock split	0.005

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 229,954	$ 6,344	$ 455,480	$ 1,210,125
Revenue recognized			(42,350)
Accounts receivable, net balance					$ 1,769
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 0		$ 0		$ 26,000
Shares omitted from loss per share, anti-dilutive	1,144,000	381	537,000	58
Income available to common stockholders adjusted for deemed dividends from down round financings			$ 11,653,986
Revenue Benchmark | Customer Concentration Risk | Customer One
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	100.00%		75.00%
Products
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 209,496	$ 6,344	$ 395,106	$ 688,125
Milestone and Engineering Arrangement
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Revenues				512,000
Revenue recognized	20,458		60,374	522,000
Government Research and Development
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Deferred Revenue (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Balance	$ 13,000
Additions	29,350
Recognized as revenue	$ (42,350)

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Schedule of Net Loss Attributable to Common Shareholders (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Loss	$ (1,909,273)	$ (7,910,566)	$ (9,996,824)	$ (6,610,034)	$ (11,906,097)	$ (14,520,600)
Down round deemed dividend					(11,653,986)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders	$ (1,909,273)				$ (23,560,083)
Earnings Per Share (Basic)	$ (4.04)	$ (47.71)			$ (66.4)	$ (101.7)
Earnings Per Share (Diluted)	$ (4.04)	$ (47.71)			$ (66.4)	$ (101.7)

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Schedule of Cumulative Effect of Changes in Financial Statement (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Jan. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Non-current convertible notes, net			$ 5,268,399
Additional paid in capital	$ 468,075,287		452,139,027
Accumulated deficit	$ (470,987,945)		(447,537,493)
ASU 2020-06
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Non-current convertible notes, net		$ 8,954,642
Additional paid in capital		448,339,779
Accumulated deficit		(447,427,862)
Restatement Adjustment | ASU 2020-06
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Non-current convertible notes, net		3,686,243
Additional paid in capital		(3,795,874)
Accumulated deficit		$ 109,631
Scenario Previously Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Non-current convertible notes, net			5,268,399
Additional paid in capital			452,135,653
Accumulated deficit			$ (447,537,493)

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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Schedule of Impact Due to Change in Accounting Principle on Net Income and Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net Loss	$ (1,909,273)	$ (7,910,566)	$ (9,996,824)	$ (6,610,034)	$ (11,906,097)	$ (14,520,600)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders	$ (1,909,273)				$ (23,560,083)
Earnings Per Share (Basic)	$ (4.04)	$ (47.71)			$ (66.4)	$ (101.7)
Earnings Per Share (Diluted)	$ (4.04)	$ (47.71)			$ (66.4)	$ (101.7)
ASU 2020-06
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net Loss	$ (1,909,273)				$ (11,906,097)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders	$ (1,909,273)				$ (23,560,083)
Earnings Per Share (Basic)	$ (4.04)				$ (66.4)
Earnings Per Share (Diluted)	$ (4.04)				$ (66.4)
Pre ASU 2020-06 | ASU 2020-06
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net Loss	$ (5,668,147)				$ (20,553,708)
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders	$ (5,668,147)				$ (32,207,694)
Earnings Per Share (Basic)	$ (11.98)				$ (90.77)
Earnings Per Share (Diluted)	$ (11.98)				$ (90.77)
Difference | ASU 2020-06
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net Loss	$ 3,758,874				$ 8,647,611
Net Loss attributable to common shareholders	$ 3,758,874				$ 8,647,611
Earnings Per Share (Basic)	$ (7.94)				$ (24.37)
Earnings Per Share (Diluted)	$ (7.94)				$ (24.37)

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LIQUIDITY, CONTINUED OPERATIONS, AND GOING CONCERN - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Liquidity And Continued Operations [Abstract]
Net cash used in operating activities	$ 7,329,398	$ 7,925,786
Working capital deficit	$ 8,726,319

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ASSET ACQUISITION - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)			9 Months Ended
	Apr. 20, 2023	Apr. 17, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Total consideration for asset purchase			$ 3,844,644	$ 94,140
Book value of assets purchased			4,070,000
Flisom AG
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Assets purchased amount payable			$ 750,000
Flisom AG | Asset Purchase Agreement
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Total consideration for asset purchase		$ 2,800,000
Purchase price, including transaction costs		$ 1,283,926
FL1 Holding GmbH | Letter Agreement
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Agreement entered date	Apr. 20, 2023
Option to purchase intellectual property rights	$ 2,000,000
Asset resale period	12 months
Asset resale amount	$ 5,000,000
Asset resale closing period after exercise	90 days
Photovoltaic Thin Film Solar Cells | Flisom AG | Asset Purchase Agreement
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Date of asset acquisition agreement		Apr. 17, 2023

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ASSET ACQUISITION - Summary of Asset Price Allocation (Details) - Flisom AG - Asset Purchase Agreement	Apr. 17, 2023 USD ($)
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Other Assets	$ 98,746
Manufacturing machinery and equipment
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Fixed Assets	3,682,621
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and computer software
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Fixed Assets	110,102
Raw Material
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Inventory	130,030
Finished Goods
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Inventory	$ 62,427

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 15, 2021
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue recognized				$ 13,000
JV
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Contribution to joint venture			$ 83,559
TubeSolar | Long-Term Supply and Joint Development Agreement
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Product revenue recognized	$ 0	$ 0
Engineering revenue recognized			$ 512,000
TubeSolar | Maximum | Long-Term Supply and Joint Development Agreement
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Potential earnings from non recurring engineering contract fees					$ 4,000,000
Potential milestone earnings from engineering contract costs					$ 13,500,000
TubeSolar AG | JV
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Minority stake percentage	30.00%	30.00%

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PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT - Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	$ 24,182,295	$ 22,590,169
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(20,125,328)	(22,038,508)
Property, Plant and Equipment, net	4,056,967	551,661
Furniture, fixtures, computer hardware and computer software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	578,690	482,235
Manufacturing machinery and equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	23,552,252	21,739,504
Leasehold improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	15,994	87,957
Manufacturing machinery and equipment, in progress
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciable property, plant and equipment	$ 35,359	$ 280,473

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PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 18,931	$ 15,705	$ 59,570	$ 40,623

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OPERATING LEASE - Additional Information (Details)			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 21, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) ft²	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 01, 2023 ft²	Aug. 31, 2023 ft²
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Number of rentable square feet of building | ft²						100,000
Lease term		88 months
Lease commencement date		Sep. 21, 2020
Rent per month	$ 80,000	$ 50,000
Net rentable area | ft²									100,000
Percentage of rent increase in annual rate						3.00%
Lease terms description						This lease is classified and accounted for as an operating lease. The building lease term is for 88 months commencing on September 21, 2020 at a rent of $50,000 per month including taxes, insurance and common area maintenance until December 31, 2020. Beginning January 1, 2021, the rent adjusted to $80,000 per month on a triple net basis and shall increase at an annual rate of 3% per annum until December 31, 2027. Effective September 1, 2023, the lease was amended to reduce the rentable square feet from 100,000 to 73,319 and the rent and tenant share of expenses were decreased in proportion to the reduction in rentable square feet. The Company recorded this as a lease modification in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, and recorded a reduction to the right of use asset and lease liability of $1,292,316 and $1,376,994, respectively. The Company recognized a gain on the lease modification of $84,678, which was recorded as other income in the unaudited Condensed Statement of Operations.
Operating lease costs				$ 236,925	$ 261,069	$ 770,836	$ 777,854
Remaining lease term			51 months	51 months		51 months
Lease discount rate			12.00%	12.00%		12.00%
Reduction to lease liability						$ 541,519	$ 486,848
Gain on the lease modification			$ 84,678
ASC 842
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Reduction to right of use asset			1,292,316
Reduction to lease liability			$ 1,376,994
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Net rentable area | ft²								73,319

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OPERATING LEASE - Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Related to Company's Lease (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$ 2,476,958	$ 4,324,514
Current portion of operating lease liability	471,497	733,572
Non-current operating lease liabilities	$ 2,171,440	$ 3,827,878

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OPERATING LEASE - Schedule Future Maturities of Operating Lease Liability (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Remainder of 2023	$ 186,682
2024	769,130
2025	792,203
2026	815,969
2027	840,449
Total lease payments	3,404,433
Less amounts representing interest	(761,496)
Present value of lease liability	$ 2,642,937

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INVENTORIES - Schedule of Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 577,536	$ 577,799
Work in process	10,267	37,351
Finished goods	48,216	133
Total	$ 636,019	$ 615,283

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OTHER PAYABLE - Additional Information (Details) - Unsecured Debt - Note Payable Conversion - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes payable		$ 250,000
Stated interest rate		5.00%
Interest accrued on convertible debt	$ 78,185

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CONVERTIBLE NOTES - Schedule of Convertible Notes (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Instrument, Principal [Roll Forward]
Principal Balance, beginning	$ 14,892,899
Notes converted	(14,486,232)
Principal Balance, ending	406,667
Less: Discount Balance	(87,126)
Net Principal Balance	319,541
Sabby Volatility Warrant Master Fund, LTD
Debt Instrument, Principal [Roll Forward]
Principal Balance, beginning	7,392,899
Notes converted	(7,392,899)
L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd
Debt Instrument, Principal [Roll Forward]
Principal Balance, beginning	7,500,000
Notes converted	(7,093,333)
Principal Balance, ending	406,667
Less: Discount Balance	(87,126)
Net Principal Balance	$ 319,541

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CONVERTIBLE NOTES - Sabby / L1 Convertible Note - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)								3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 29, 2023	Jun. 19, 2023	May 22, 2023	May 18, 2023	Apr. 14, 2023	Apr. 12, 2023	Mar. 29, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Oct. 31, 2023	Sep. 28, 2023	Jun. 28, 2023	Apr. 13, 2023	Dec. 19, 2022
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Conversions payable								$ 6,470,540	$ 6,470,540
Warrants exercisable for number shares of common stock								389,500	389,500
Down round deemed dividend	$ 11,653,986
Warrant exercise price per share												$ 2.88
Accretion of debt discount									$ 1,773,621	$ 2,323,153
Principal amount settled									14,486,232
Subsequent Event
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of notes outstanding											$ 400,000
Warrants exercisable for number shares of common stock											5,596,232
Warrant exercise price per share											$ 1.765
Conversion price (in dollars per share)											$ 1.765
Private Placement
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Common stock price per share										$ 540
Series 1B Securities Purchase Agreement [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Agreement entered date	Jun. 29, 2023
Aggregate consideration	$ 900,000
Conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 28
Series 1B Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] | Common Stock
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Aggregate number of common stock shares for private placement	900
Senior Secured Original Issue 10% Discount Convertible Advance Notes
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Interest expense upon conversion								$ 271,162	2,070,669
Interest payable								85,731	85,731
Accretion of debt discount								231,536	$ 1,773,633
Senior Secured Original Issue 10% Discount Convertible Advance Notes | Series 1B Securities Purchase Agreement [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Floor price	$ 40
Daily VWAP of common stock, Percentage	90.00%
New adjusted fixed conversion price	$ 1.765
Sabby Convertible Note
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Debt Instrument Prepayment Amount			$ 666,667
Debt instrument payment scheduled start date				Aug. 16, 2023
Debt instrument payment scheduled end date		Sep. 17, 2023
Debt instrument prepayment date description									(i) the May 18, 2023 payment is deferred until August 16, 2023, and (ii) the June 19, 2023 payment is delayed until September 17, 2023
Daily VWAP of common stock, Percentage									90.00%
Conversions payable								$ 6,470,540	$ 6,470,540
Sabby Convertible Note | Securities Purchase Contract
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Minimum bid price per share							$ 1
Floor price							$ 0.2
Sabby Convertible Note | Securities Purchase Contract | Common Stock
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable for number shares of common stock								12,567	12,567
Warrant exercise price per share								$ 786	$ 786
Sabby Convertible Note | Senior Secured Original Issue 10% Discount Convertible Advance Notes | Securities Purchase Contract
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of notes outstanding															$ 12,500,000
Discount on convertible advance notes															10.00%
Principal amount prepayment percentage						100.00%	100.00%
Sabby Convertible Note | Senior Secured Original Issue 10% Discount Convertible Advance Notes | Securities Purchase Contract | Private Placement
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of notes outstanding															$ 2,500,000
Discount on convertible advance notes															10.00%
Lucro Investments VCC-ESG Opportunities Fund | Securities Purchase Contract | Private Placement
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Agreement entered date					Apr. 14, 2023
Aggregate consideration					$ 9,000,000
Common stock price per share					$ 240
Lucro Investments VCC-ESG Opportunities Fund | Securities Purchase Contract | Common Stock | Private Placement
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable for number shares of common stock					134,904									12,567
Warrant exercise price per share					$ 73.22
Aggregate number of common stock shares for private placement					37,500
Lucro Investments VCC-ESG Opportunities Fund | Senior Secured Original Issue 10% Discount Convertible Advance Notes | Securities Purchase Contract | Private Placement
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Conversion price (in dollars per share)					$ 73.22
Accredited Investors | Series 1B Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] | Common Stock | Private Placement
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable for number shares of common stock	389,500												134,904
Warrant exercise price per share	$ 25.36
Accredited Investors | Senior Secured Original Issue 10% Discount Convertible Advance Notes | Series 1B Securities Purchase Agreement [Member] | Private Placement
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Conversion price (in dollars per share)	$ 25.36

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CONVERTIBLE NOTES - Sabby / L1 Convertible Note - Summary of Convertible Notes Prepayment (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate	$ 2,000,000
April 3, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate	333,333
April 13, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate	333,333
May 18, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate	666,667
June 19, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate	$ 666,667

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CONVERTIBLE NOTES - Sabby / L1 Convertible Note - Summary of Settlement of Debt (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Equity issued for convertible debt	$ 2,912,759
Conversions payable	6,470,540
Cash repayments	1,025,423
Accelerated discount recognized in APIC	4,077,510
Principal settled during the nine months ended September 30, 2023	$ 14,486,232

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SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Series A Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	48,100	48,100	48,100
Preferred stock, dividend rate	8.00%
Preferred stock, dividend, make-whole dividend rate to market value	10.00%
Preferred stock, conversion, required common share price (in dollars per share)		$ 232
Preferred stock, conversion, required common share price, term		20 days
Preferred stock redemption price per share		$ 8.00
Accrued and unpaid dividends		$ 501,977
Common Stock | Maximum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Convertible preferred stock, shares issued upon conversion (in shares)		1

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SERIES 1B PREFERRED STOCK - Additional Information (Details) - Series1 B Preferred Stock - Private Placement - Series 1B SPA		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 29, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 TradingDay $ / shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of Stock, Number of Shares Issued in Transaction | shares	900
Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement | $	$ 900,000
Liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders to be paid out of assets, amount per share	$ 1,000
Initial onversion price per common share	28
Preferred stock, convertible, conversion price	$ 0.14
Agreement entered date		Jun. 29, 2023
Preferred stock, convertible, threshold percentage of stock price trigger	90.00%
Preferred stock, convertible, threshold trading days | TradingDay		10
Preferred stock, convertible, threshold commencing trading days | TradingDay		5
Maximum outstanding shares owned, Percentage	4.99%
Prior notice period number of days		61 days
Maximum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage of beneficially own in excess of common stock outstanding	9.99%
Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Floor price		$ 10

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Additional Information (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) Vote $ / shares shares	Oct. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares	Sep. 28, 2023 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000			500,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001			$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	549,199			259,323
Common stock, number of votes per share | Vote	1
Debt instrument converted amount | $	$ 14,486,232
Conversion of stock shares	288,451
Warrants exercisable for number shares of common stock	389,500
Warrant exercise price per share | $ / shares			$ 2.88
Warrants outstanding	396,576
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	25,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Common stock issued for services (in shares)	1,425
Subsequent Event
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants exercisable for number shares of common stock		5,596,232
Warrant exercise price per share | $ / shares		$ 1.765
Minimum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share | $ / shares	$ 25.36
Maximum
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share | $ / shares	$ 1,060

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Schedule of Stock by Class (Details) - shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Jan. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	25,000,000
Series A Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	750,000		750,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	48,100	48,100	48,100
Series 1A Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series B-1 Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series B-2 Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series1 B Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	900
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	900
Series C Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series D Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	3,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series D-1 Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,500
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series E Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,800
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series F Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	7,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series G Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series H Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,500
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series I Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series J Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,350
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series J-1 Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0
Series K Preferred Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Apr. 26, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation		$ 139,067	$ 3,796,151	$ 2,104,378	$ 3,796,151
Number of unvested shares		2,100		2,100		15,760
Number of forfeited shares				11,389
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of unvested shares	2,100
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation		$ 139,067		$ 2,104,378
Total unrecognized share-based compensation expense		$ 1,251,600		$ 1,251,600
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense, period for recognition				27 months
Chief Executive Officer | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of forfeited shares	11,389

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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - Summary of Non-vested Restricted Stock and Related Activity (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance, Non-vested Shares | shares	15,760
Shares vested | shares	(2,271)
Shares forfeited | shares	11,389
Ending Balance, Non-vested Shares | shares	2,100
Non-vested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Beginning Balance | $ / shares	$ 989.08
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Vested | $ / shares	926.66
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Forfeited | $ / shares	1,074
Non-vested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Ending Balance | $ / shares	$ 596

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Aug. 15, 2023	Sep. 28, 2023
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share		$ 2.88
Wainwright Engagement Letter
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Percentage of fees payable under tail provision	8.00%
Percentage of warrant coverage on secured convertible note financing	7.00%
Secured convertible note financing	$ 15.0
Damages value	$ 1.2
Common stock warrants	2,169.5
Warrant exercise price per share	$ 605

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 02, 2023	Oct. 01, 2023	Sep. 28, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share			$ 2.88
Warrants term			5 years
Warrants exercisable for number shares of common stock					389,500
Prefunded Warrants
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share			$ 0.0001
Dawson James
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Percentage of gross proceeds from sale of Units			8.00%
Legal fees			$ 155,000
Dawson James | Placement Agent Agreement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Aggregate number of units			3,572,635
Common stock price per share			$ 2.88
Dawson James | Secondary Public Offering | Placement Agent Agreement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Gross proceeds, before deducting offering expenses			$ 10,300,000
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Conversion price (in dollars per share)				$ 1.765
Warrant exercise price per share				$ 1.765
Conversion amount payable related to secured convertible notes	$ 5,212,000
Pre-funded warrants were exercised into common stock		2,468,500
Aggregate principal amount of notes outstanding				$ 400,000
Warrants exercisable for number shares of common stock				5,596,232
Subsequent Event | Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares issued on offering	389,024
Subsequent Event | Series1 B Preferred Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Conversion amount payable related to outstanding preferred stock	$ 900,000
Subsequent Event | Prefunded Warrants
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares issued on offering	3,183,611
Subsequent Event | Common Warrants
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Shares issued on offering	3,572,635