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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates—The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ from management’s estimates.
Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign Currency Translation—The consolidated financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated at exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the year. Translation adjustments are recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents—The Company considers all highly liquid investments, such as treasury bills, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and money market instruments with maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of amounts held in interest-bearing money market funds that were readily convertible to cash. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates their carrying value.
Marketable Securities
Marketable Securities—The Company determines the classification of its marketable securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates these determinations at each balance sheet date. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are stated at amortized cost and are periodically assessed for other-than-temporary impairment. Amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, and is included in interest income. Held-to-maturity securities with less than one year to maturity are included in short-term marketable securities. All other held-to-maturity securities are classified as long-term securities.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts Receivable, Net—The Company records accounts receivable at the amount invoiced or expected to be invoiced to the customer. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts; see the Concentrations of Credit Risk policy below for additional information on the Company's treatment of potentially uncollectible receivable amounts.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Concentrations of Credit Risk—Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with major financial institutions, which management assesses to be of high credit quality, in order to limit the exposure of each investment.
Credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is dispersed due to the Company’s large number of customers. In addition, the Company’s credit risk is mitigated by the relatively short collection period. Collateral is not required for accounts receivable. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable balances. The allowance is based upon historical loss patterns, the number of days that billings are past due and an evaluation of the potential risk of loss associated with delinquent accounts. When new information becomes available to indicate that the estimate provided for the allowance was incorrect, an adjustment, which is considered a change in the estimate, is made. The carrying value of accounts receivable approximates their fair value.
Property, Equipment and Software
Property, Equipment and Software—Property, equipment and software are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are approximately three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or ten years. Following the disposition of an asset, the associated net cost is no longer recognized as an asset, and any gain or loss on the disposition is reflected in operating expenses.
Website and Internal-Use Software Development Costs
Website and Internal-Use Software Development Costs—Costs related to website and internal-use software are primarily related to the Company’s website, including support systems. The Company capitalizes its costs to develop software when preliminary development efforts are successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used as intended. Costs incurred for enhancements that are expected to result in additional material functionality are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the upgrades. Such costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related asset, which is generally three years.
The Company capitalized $20.4 million, $19.2 million and $14.7 million in website and internal-use software costs during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which are included in property, equipment and software, net on the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense related to website and internal-use software was $16.7 million, $12.3 million and $8.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company wrote off an immaterial amount of website and internal-use software costs in each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Business Combinations
Business Combinations—The Company accounts for acquisitions of entities that include inputs and processes and have the ability to create outputs as business combinations. The Company allocates the purchase price of the acquisition to the tangible assets, liabilities and identifiable intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over those fair values is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition-related expenses and integration costs are expensed as incurred. During the measurement period, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. After the measurement period, which could be up to one year after the transaction date, subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Goodwill
Goodwill—Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired. The carrying amount of goodwill is reviewed at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test under the authoritative guidance. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than the carrying amount, or opts not to perform a qualitative assessment, then the two-step goodwill impairment test will be performed. The first step, identifying a potential impairment, compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, the second step will be performed; otherwise, no further step is required. The second step, measuring the impairment loss, compares the implied fair value of the goodwill with the carrying amount of the goodwill. Any excess of the goodwill carrying amount over the applied fair value is recognized as an impairment loss, and the carrying value of goodwill is written down to fair value.
Intangible Assets
Intangible Assets—Intangible assets include acquired intangible assets identified through business combinations, which are carried at fair value less accumulated amortization, and purchased intangible assets, which are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is recorded over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally two years to 12 years. The Company reviews amortizable intangible assets to be held and used for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on the lowest level of identifiable estimated undiscounted cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss is based on the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its fair value.
Cost-Method Investments
Cost-Method Investments—Non-marketable equity investments that the Company has determined do not meet the criteria for accounting under the equity method of accounting are accounted for using the cost method of accounting and classified within “Other non-current assets” on the consolidated balance sheets. Under the cost method, investments are carried at cost and are adjusted only for other-than-temporary declines in fair value, certain distributions and additional investments. The carrying amount of investments is reviewed if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed of—The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
Stock Repurchases
Stock Repurchases—The Company accounts for repurchases of its common stock by recording the cost to repurchase those shares to treasury stock, a separate component of stockholders' equity. Upon retirement, the carrying amount of treasury stock is removed with a corresponding reduction to par value of common stock, with any excess of the cost incurred to repurchase shares over their par value recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings (accumulated deficit) on the date of retirement.
Assets and Liabilities Held For Sale
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale—The Company considers an asset to be held for sale when: management approves and commits to a formal plan to actively market the asset for sale at a reasonable price in relation to its fair value; the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition; an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the sale have been initiated; the sale of the asset is expected to be completed within one year; and it is unlikely that significant changes will be made to the plan. Upon designation as held for sale, the Company records the carrying value of the assets at the lower of its carrying value or its estimated fair value, less costs to sell. The Company ceases to record depreciation and amortization expense associated with assets upon their designation as held for sale.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition—The Company generates revenue from its advertising products, transactions, other services and, through the end of 2015, brand advertising. The Company recognizes revenue when all of the following conditions are met: there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, service has been provided to the customer, the amount to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. Payments received in advance of services being rendered are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized over the requisite service period.
Advertising. The Company generates advertising revenue primarily through the display of advertising products on its website and mobile app. These arrangements are evidenced by either written or electronic acceptance of an agreement that stipulates the types of advertising to be delivered, the timing and pricing. Performance-based advertising placements are priced on a cost-per-click basis through an auction, while impression-based ads are delivered pursuant to fixed monthly fee advertising plans. The Company recognizes revenue from the delivery of performance-based ads in the period of delivery and from the delivery of impression-based ads over the service period, in each case net of customer discounts. The Company records a sales allowance for potential refunds based on the Company’s estimate of future refunds. The Company also generates advertising revenue through indirect sales of advertising products, such as through reseller agreements that allow partners to sell Yelp Branded Profiles to their clients and the monetization of remnant advertising inventory through third-party ad networks.
Transactions. The Company generates transactions revenue from revenue-sharing partner arrangements, the sale of vouchers through the Company’s “Yelp Deals” and “Gift Certificates,” and, through October 10, 2017, Yelp Eat24 as a standalone product.
Yelp Platform partnerships provide consumers with the ability to complete food delivery and other transactions through third parties directly on Yelp. The Company earns a fee on Platform partnerships for acting as an agent for these transactions, which it records on a net basis and includes in revenue upon completion of a transaction.
Prior to the disposal of Eat24, the Company's Yelp Eat24 business generated revenue through arrangements with restaurants, in which restaurants paid a commission percentage fee on orders placed through the Yelp Eat24 platform. The Company recorded revenue associated with Yelp Eat24 transactions on a net basis. Concurrently with the disposal of Eat24 on October 10, 2017, the Company entered into a partnership agreement with Grubhub; as a result, following the sale, the Company will generate revenue from transactions placed through the Eat24 restaurant network, which are now part of the Grubhub restaurant network, that originate on the Yelp Platform.
Yelp Deals allow merchants to promote themselves and offer discounted goods and services on a real-time basis to consumers directly on the Company’s website and mobile app. The Company earns a fee on Yelp Deals for acting as an agent in these transactions, which it records on a net basis and includes in revenue upon sale of the deal. The Company records a sales allowance for potential Yelp Deals refunds based on the Company’s estimate of future refunds. Gift Certificates allow merchants to sell full-priced gift certificates directly to consumers through their business listing pages. The Company earns a fee based on the amount of the Gift Certificate sold, which it records on a net basis and includes in revenue upon a consumer’s purchase of the Gift Certificate.
Other Services. The Company generates other revenue through subscription services, such as sales of monthly subscriptions to its Yelp Reservations, Yelp Nowait and Yelp WiFi Marketing products, licensing payments for access to Yelp data and other non-advertising, non-transaction partnerships. Subscription revenues are recognized ratably over the contract terms beginning on the commencement date of each contract, which is the date the service is made available to customers.
Brand Advertising. Through the end of 2015, the Company generated brand advertising revenue through the sale of graphic and text display advertisements on its website. The Company recognized revenue from the sale of impression-based advertisements on its online network in the period in which the advertisements were delivered, net of customer discounts. The Company also generated brand revenue from fixed-price brand sponsorships that were recognized ratably over the service period. The arrangements were evidenced by insertion orders or contracts that stipulated the types of advertising delivered and the pricing.
Multiple Element Arrangements. The Company enters into arrangements with its customers to sell advertising packages that include different media placements or ad services that are delivered at the same time, or within close proximity of one another.
The Company allocates arrangement consideration in multiple-deliverable arrangements at the inception of the arrangement to all deliverables or those packages in which all components of the package are delivered at the same time, based on the relative selling price method in accordance with the selling price hierarchy, which includes: (1) vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), if available; (2) third-party evidence (“TPE”), if VSOE is not available; and (3)best estimate of selling price (“BESP”), if neither VSOE nor TPE is available.
VSOE—The Company determines VSOE based on its historical pricing and discounting practices for the specific product or service when sold separately. In determining VSOE, the Company requires that a substantial majority of the standalone selling prices for these services fall within a reasonably narrow price range; however, the Company has not historically sold a large volume of advertising products on a standalone basis. As a result, the Company has not been able to establish VSOE for any of its advertising products.
TPE—When VSOE cannot be established for deliverables in multiple element arrangements, the Company applies judgment with respect to whether it can establish a selling price based on TPE. TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. Generally, the Company’s go-to-market strategy differs from that of its peers and its offerings contain a significant level of differentiation such that the comparable pricing of services cannot be obtained. Furthermore, the Company is unable to reliably determine what similar competitor services’ selling prices are on a standalone basis. As a result, the Company has not been able to establish selling price based on TPE.
BESP—When it is unable to establish selling price using VSOE or TPE, the Company uses BESP in its allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which the Company would transact a sale if the service were sold on a standalone basis. BESP is generally used to allocate the selling price to deliverables in the Company’s multiple element arrangements. The Company determines BESP for deliverables by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, prices it charges for similar offerings, market conditions, competitive landscape and pricing practices. The Company limits the amount of allocable arrangement consideration to amounts that are fixed or determinable and that are not contingent on future performance or future deliverables. The Company will regularly review BESP. Changes in assumptions or judgments or changes to elements in the arrangement could cause a material increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that the Company reports in a particular period.
The Company recognizes the relative fair value of the media placements or ad services as they are delivered, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of Revenue—The Company’s cost of revenue primarily consists of credit card processing fees, web hosting costs, and salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense for its infrastructure teams related to operating the Company’s website and mobile app. It also includes confirmation services expenses and delivery related costs as well as video production expenses. All costs are expensed when incurred.
Research and development
Research and Development—The Company incurs research and development expenses for costs it incurs in research aimed at developing, and in translating the results of such research into, new products and services or significant improvements to existing products or services, whether intended for sale or for internal use. Such costs are considered research and development expense up to the point in time at which the product or service achieves technological feasibility. These expenses primarily consist of employee related costs (including stock-based compensation) for our engineers and other employees engaged in the research and development of our products and services, as well as allocated indirect overhead costs.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation—The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation plans under the fair value recognition and measurement provisions in accordance with applicable accounting standards, which require all stock-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and issuances under its 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (“ESPP”), to be measured based on the grant-date fair value of the awards.
Prior to January 1, 2016, stock-based compensation expense was recorded net of estimated forfeitures in the Company’s consolidated statements of income (loss) and, accordingly, was recorded for only those stock-based awards that the Company expected to vest. The Company estimated the forfeiture rate based on historical forfeitures of equity awards and adjusted the rate to reflect changes in facts and circumstances, if any. The Company revised its estimated forfeiture rate if actual forfeitures differed from its initial estimates.
Effective as of January 1, 2016, the Company adopted a change in accounting policy in accordance with Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718)” (“ASU 2016-09”) to account for forfeitures as they occur. The change was applied on a modified retrospective basis with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings of $1.1 million (which reduced the accumulated deficit) as of January 1, 2016. No prior periods were recast as a result of this change in accounting policy.
Advertising Expenses
Advertising Expenses—Advertising costs are expensed in the period in which the advertising takes place. Costs of producing advertising are expensed in the period in which production takes place.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)—Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), which includes certain changes in equity that are excluded from net income (loss). Specifically, it includes foreign currency translation adjustments.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes—The Company records income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. In estimating future tax consequences, generally all expected future events other than enactments or changes in the tax law or rates are considered. In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Valuation allowances are provided to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company evaluates the ability to realize net deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowance on a quarterly basis.
The Company operates in various tax jurisdictions and is subject to audit by various tax authorities. The Company provides for tax contingencies whenever it is deemed probable that a tax asset has been impaired or a tax liability has been incurred for events such as tax claims or changes in tax laws. Tax contingencies are based upon their technical merits, relative tax law and the specific facts and circumstances as of each reporting period. Changes in facts and circumstances could result in material changes to the amounts recorded for such tax contingencies.
The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
Effective as of January 1, 2016, the Company early adopted a change in accounting policy in accordance with ASU 2016-09, which eliminated the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized as a reduction in current taxes payable before the associated tax benefit could be recognized as an increase in paid in capital. Additionally, ASU 2016-09 addresses the presentation of excess tax benefits and employee taxes paid on the statement of cash flows. The Company is now required to present excess tax benefits as an operating activity in the same manner as other cash flows related to income taxes on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. The Company adopted this change prospectively.
Employee Benefit Plan
Employee Benefit Plan—The Company sponsors a qualified 401(k) defined contribution plan covering eligible employees. Participants may contribute a portion of their annual compensation up to a maximum annual amount set by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”).
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective—In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB” ) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), and will require entities to recognize revenue when they transfer promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for such goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also modified Subtopic Accounting Standards Codification 340-40, “Other Assets and Deferred Costs—Contracts with Customers,” which will require the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018.
The new standard permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of the initial application of the guidance recognized at the date of adoption (modified retrospective method). The Company is adopting the standard using the full retrospective method. The Company does not expect adoption of ASU 2014-09 will result in a significant change to its revenue recognition, except that certain customer contracts that did not meet the prescribed revenue recognition criteria under the prior guidance would be recognized as revenue under ASU 2014-09, with a corresponding bad debt expense recorded to general and administrative costs. In addition, the requirement to defer incremental contract acquisition costs and recognize them over the expected contract term or expected customer life will result in the recognition of a deferred contract cost asset on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company expensed such costs in the period in which they were incurred under the prior guidance. The expected amortization periods for contract costs, which extend up to 41 months, were calculated based on both qualitative and quantitative factors, including product lifecycle attributes and customer retention using historical data. For amortization periods that are less than 12 months, the Company will elect to apply a practical expedient, which allows such costs to be expensed as incurred. 
The Company expects its adoption of ASU 2014-09 to result in the recognition of additional revenue and a corresponding increase in general and administrative costs of $4.0 million and $3.0 million for years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The cumulative impact of deferred contract costs at January 1, 2016 is expected to result in an increase in retained earnings of $6.0 million, with a corresponding deferred contract cost asset recorded. An additional $11.3 million and $10.6 million of deferred contract costs are expected to be recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The additional deferred contract cost asset will be offset by straight line amortization of $10.1 million and $7.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively. This treatment of contract costs will result in a net decrease in sales and marketing expenses of $1.2 million and $2.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The gain on disposal of business unit will decrease by $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, as a result of the deferred contract cost asset balance on the date of disposal. Due to the Company's valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets, the adoption of the standard is not expected to have a material tax impact.
In February 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new guidance generally requires an entity to recognize on its balance sheet operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets. The standard will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The new standard requires a modified retrospective transition for existing leases to each prior reporting period presented. Although the Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements, the Company currently expects the most significant changes will be related to the recognition of new right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheet for real estate operating leases.
In August 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Subtopic 230)” (“ASU 2016-15”). The new guidance provides clarity around the cash flow classification for specific issues in an effort to reduce the current and potential future diversity in practice. The standard will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-15 in the first quarter of 2018 and does not expect the impact on its consolidated financial statements to be material.
In November 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Subtopic 230)” (“ASU 2016-18”). The new guidance requires that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The standard will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-18 in the first quarter of 2018 and does not expect the impact on its consolidated financial statements to be material.

In January 2017, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”). This new guidance simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the new guidance, entities will perform goodwill impairment tests by comparing fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The standard will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact and timing of the adoption of ASU 2017-04, but expects that it will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-08, “Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities” (“ASU 2017-08”). This new guidance requires entities to amortize purchased callable debt securities held at a premium to the earliest call date. The standard will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-08 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.