UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Form 10-Q

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the Transition period from                 to

Commission file number: 001-35444

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

YELP INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Delaware	20-1854266
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

350 Mission Street, 10th Floor

San Francisco, California 94105

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(415) 908-3801

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

_________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.000001 per share	YELP	New York Stock Exchange LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ☑  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ☑  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐  No  ☑

As of July 28, 2023, there were 68,713,576 shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.000001 per share.

YELP INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
Part I.	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	9
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	36
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36
Part II.	Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	37
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	37
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	38
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	38
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	38
Item 5.	Other Information	38
Item 6.	Exhibits	39
Signatures

___________________________________

Unless the context suggests otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Quarterly Report”) to “Yelp,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Yelp Inc. and, where appropriate, its subsidiaries.

Unless the context otherwise indicates, where we refer in this Quarterly Report to our “mobile application” or “mobile app,” we refer to all of our applications for mobile-enabled devices; references to our “mobile platform” refer to both our mobile app and the versions of our website that are optimized for mobile-based browsers. Similarly, references to our “website” refer to versions of our website dedicated to both desktop- and mobile-based browsers, as well as the U.S. and international versions of our website.

1

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report that are not purely historical, including statements regarding our future results of operations or financial condition, business strategy and plans, and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to, statements about:

•our financial performance, including our revenue, operating expenses and margins, as well as our ability to maintain profitability;

•our ability to maintain and expand our advertiser base;

•our strategic initiatives to support revenue growth and margin expansion;

•our investment plans and priorities, including planned investments in product development, marketing and our sales channels, as well as our ability to execute against those priorities and the results thereof;

•our ability to operate with a distributed workforce as well as the benefits and costs thereof;

•trends and expectations regarding customer and revenue retention;

•trends and expectations regarding our key metrics, including consumer traffic and engagement and the opportunity they present for growth;

•our liquidity and working capital requirements; and

•our plans with respect to our stock repurchase program.

Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions or variations intended to identify forward-looking statements.

These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management, which are in turn based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Quarterly Report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included under Part I, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “Annual Report”), as updated by Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report, and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, such as:

•adverse macroeconomic conditions, including the uncertain and inflationary economic environment in the United States, and their impact on consumer behavior and advertiser spending;

•our ability to maintain and expand our advertiser base, particularly as many businesses continue to face macroeconomic challenges, including labor and supply chain difficulties;

•our ability to execute on our strategic initiatives and the effectiveness thereof;

•our ability to hire, retain, motivate and effectively manage well-qualified employees in a primarily remote work environment;

•our ability to maintain and increase user engagement on our platform, including our ability to generate, maintain and recommend sufficient content that consumers find relevant, helpful and reliable;

•our reliance on third-party service providers and strategic partners;

2

•our reliance on search engines and application marketplaces, certain providers of which offer products and services that compete directly with our products;

•our ability to maintain the uninterrupted and proper operation of our technology and network infrastructure;

•actual or perceived security breaches as well as errors, vulnerabilities or defects in our software or in products of third-party providers;

•our ability to generate sufficient revenue to maintain profitability, particularly in light of our limited operating history in an evolving industry, significant ongoing investments in our strategic initiatives, and the ongoing impact of macroeconomic challenges;

•our ability to accurately forecast revenue and appropriately plan expenses;

•our ability to operate effectively on mobile devices and other platforms beyond desktop computers;

•our actual or perceived failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our business;

•our ability to maintain, protect and enhance the Yelp brand and manage negative publicity that may arise; and

•our ability to successfully manage any strategic opportunities, including the acquisition and integration of any new businesses, solutions or technologies, as well as our ability to monetize the acquired products.

Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

NOTE REGARDING METRICS

We review a number of performance metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends in our business, prepare financial projections and make strategic decisions. Please see the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Metrics” in this Quarterly Report and in our Annual Report for information on how we define our key metrics. Unless otherwise stated, these metrics do not include metrics from subscription products or our business-owner products.

While our metrics are based on what we believe to be reasonable calculations, there are inherent challenges in measuring usage across our large user base. Certain of our performance metrics, including the number of unique devices accessing our mobile app, ad clicks, average cost-per-click and active claimed local business locations, are tracked with internal company tools, which are not independently verified by any third party and have a number of limitations. For example, our metrics may be affected by mobile applications that automatically contact our servers for regular updates with no discernible user action involved; this activity can cause our system to count the device associated with the app as an app unique device in a given period. Although we take steps to exclude such activity and, as a result, do not believe it has had a material impact on our reported metrics, our efforts may not successfully account for all such activity.

Our metrics that are calculated based on data from third parties — the number of desktop and mobile website unique visitors — are subject to similar limitations. Our third-party providers periodically encounter difficulties in providing accurate data for such metrics as a result of a variety of factors, including human and software errors. In addition, because these traffic metrics are tracked based on unique cookie identifiers, an individual who accesses our website from multiple devices with different cookies may be counted as multiple unique visitors, and multiple individuals who access our website from a shared device with a single cookie may be counted as a single unique visitor. As a result, the calculations of our unique visitors may not accurately reflect the number of people actually visiting our website.

Our measures of traffic and other key metrics may also differ from estimates published by third parties (other than those whose data we use to calculate such metrics) or from similar metrics of our competitors. We are continually seeking to improve our ability to measure these key metrics, and regularly review our processes to assess potential improvements to their accuracy. From time to time, we may discover inaccuracies in our metrics or make adjustments to improve their accuracy, including adjustments that may result in the recalculation of our historical metrics. We believe that any such inaccuracies or adjustments are immaterial unless otherwise stated.

3

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

YELP INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value)

(Unaudited)

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	270,256	$	306,379
Short-term marketable securities	126,909		94,244
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $8,162 and $9,277 at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	151,655		131,902
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	38,690		63,467
Total current assets	587,510		595,992
Property, equipment and software, net	75,588		77,224
Operating lease right-of-use assets	79,591		97,392
Goodwill	103,260		102,328
Intangibles, net	8,315		8,997
Other non-current assets	179,024		133,989
Total assets	$	1,033,288	$	1,015,922
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	171,871	$	137,950
Operating lease liabilities — current	38,246		39,674
Deferred revenue	5,414		5,200
Total current liabilities	215,531		182,824
Operating lease liabilities — long-term	67,777		86,661
Other long-term liabilities	41,378		36,113
Total liabilities	324,686		305,598
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.000001 par value — 200,000 shares authorized, 69,287 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023, and 69,797 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	1,732,909		1,649,692
Treasury stock	(159)		—
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(13,876)		(15,545)
Accumulated deficit	(1,010,272)		(923,823)
Total stockholders' equity	708,602		710,324
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,033,288	$	1,015,922

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

YELP INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net revenue	$	337,126	$	298,884	$	649,564	$	575,512
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	30,184		26,988		56,243		50,417
Sales and marketing	139,150		129,412		286,605		255,509
Product development	85,030		76,848		173,227		157,533
General and administrative	53,405		38,377		99,914		77,760
Depreciation and amortization	10,615		11,258		21,420		22,748
Total costs and expenses	318,384		282,883		637,409		563,967
Income from operations	18,742		16,001		12,155		11,545
Other income, net	5,898		1,327		11,110		2,256
Income before income taxes	24,640		17,328		23,265		13,801
Provision for income taxes	9,911		9,319		9,714		6,707
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	14,729	$	8,009	$	13,551	$	7,094
Net income per share attributable to common stockholders
Basic	$	0.21	$	0.11	$	0.19	$	0.10
Diluted	$	0.21	$	0.11	$	0.19	$	0.10
Weighted-average shares used to compute net income per share attributable to common stockholders
Basic	69,256		71,217		69,537		71,427
Diluted	71,238		72,835		71,645		73,572

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

YELP INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	14,729	$	8,009	$	13,551	$	7,094
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	477		(3,754)		1,931		(4,567)
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax	(595)		—		(262)		—
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(118)		(3,754)		1,669		(4,567)
Comprehensive income	$	14,611	$	4,255	$	15,220	$	2,527

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

YELP INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance as of March 31, 2022	71,641	$	—	$	1,547,337	$	(2,886)	$	(11,903)	$	(808,199)	$	724,349
Issuance of common stock upon exercises of employee stock options	61	—		1,351		—		—		—		1,351
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units ("RSUs")	710	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan	364	—		9,110		—		—		—		9,110
Stock-based compensation (inclusive of capitalized stock-based compensation)	—	—		43,224		—		—		—		43,224
Taxes withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards	—	—		(13,685)		—		—		—		(13,685)
Repurchases of common stock	—	—		—		(50,000)		—		—		(50,000)
Retirement of common stock	(1,550)	—		—		49,748		—		(49,748)		—
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(3,754)		—		(3,754)
Net income	—	—		—		—		—		8,009		8,009
Balance as of June 30, 2022	71,226	$	—	$	1,587,337	$	(3,138)	$	(15,657)	$	(849,938)	$	718,604
Balance as of March 31, 2023	69,649	$	—	$	1,692,923	$	(37)	$	(13,758)	$	(975,000)	$	704,128
Issuance of common stock upon exercises of employee stock options	31	—		956		—		—		—		956
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs	791	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan	379	—		10,894		—		—		—		10,894
Stock-based compensation (inclusive of capitalized stock-based compensation)	—	—		46,979		—		—		—		46,979
Taxes withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards	—	—		(18,843)		—		—		—		(18,843)
Repurchases of common stock	—	—		—		(50,123)		—		—		(50,123)
Retirement of common stock	(1,563)	—		—		50,001		—		(50,001)		—
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(118)		—		(118)
Net income	—	—		—		—		—		14,729		14,729
Balance as of June 30, 2023	69,287	$	—	$	1,732,909	$	(159)	$	(13,876)	$	(1,010,272)	$	708,602

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2021	72,171	$	—	$	1,522,572	$	—	$	(11,090)	$	(760,164)	$	751,318
Issuance of common stock upon exercises of employee stock options	88	—		1,939		—		—		—		1,939
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs	1,535	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan	364	—		9,110		—		—		—		9,110
Stock-based compensation (inclusive of capitalized stock-based compensation)	—	—		85,991		—		—		—		85,991
Taxes withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards	—	—		(32,275)		—		—		—		(32,275)
Repurchases of common stock	—	—		—		(100,006)		—		—		(100,006)
Retirement of common stock	(2,932)	—		—		96,868		—		(96,868)		—
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(4,567)		—		(4,567)
Net income	—	—		—		—		—		7,094		7,094
Balance as of June 30, 2022	71,226	$	—	$	1,587,337	$	(3,138)	$	(15,657)	$	(849,938)	$	718,604
Balance as of December 31, 2022	69,797	$	—	$	1,649,692	$	—	$	(15,545)	$	(923,823)	$	710,324
Issuance of common stock upon exercises of employee stock options	716	—		15,549		—		—		—		15,549
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs	1,658	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan	380	—		10,912		—		—		—		10,912
Stock-based compensation (inclusive of capitalized stock-based compensation)	—	—		95,162		—		—		—		95,162
Taxes withheld related to net share settlement of equity awards	—	—		(38,406)		—		—		—		(38,406)
Repurchases of common stock	—	—		—		(100,159)		—		—		(100,159)
Retirement of common stock	(3,264)	—		—		100,000		—		(100,000)		—
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		1,669		—		1,669
Net income	—	—		—		—		—		13,551		13,551
Balance as of June 30, 2023	69,287	$	—	$	1,732,909	$	(159)	$	(13,876)	$	(1,010,272)	$	708,602

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

8

YELP INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Operating Activities
Net income	$	13,551	$	7,094
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	21,420		22,748
Provision for doubtful accounts	14,636		12,676
Stock-based compensation	89,837		81,121
Amortization of right-of-use assets	15,699		16,870
Deferred income taxes	(42,148)		(24,114)
Amortization of deferred contract cost	11,716		8,413
Asset impairment	3,555		—
Other adjustments, net	(64)		717
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(34,389)		(30,014)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	12,156		(22,149)
Operating lease liabilities	(20,943)		(19,813)
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities	37,225		24,683
Net cash provided by operating activities	122,251		78,232
Investing Activities
Purchases of marketable securities — available-for-sale	(82,491)		—
Sales and maturities of marketable securities — available-for-sale	50,613		—
Purchases of property, equipment and software	(15,153)		(14,498)
Other investing activities	146		19
Net cash used in investing activities	(46,885)		(14,479)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock for employee stock-based plans	26,095		11,026
Taxes paid related to the net share settlement of equity awards	(38,201)		(32,046)
Repurchases of common stock	(100,000)		(100,006)
Payment of issuance costs for credit facility	(799)		—
Net cash used in financing activities	(112,905)		(121,026)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	1,175		(1,154)
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(36,364)		(58,427)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — Beginning of period	307,138		480,641
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash — End of period	$	270,774	$	422,214
Supplemental Disclosures of Other Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	8,229	$	23,727
Supplemental Disclosures of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities
Purchases of property, equipment and software recorded in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1,478	$	3,836
Repurchases of common stock recorded in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	2,442	$	2,397

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

9

YELP INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS FOR PRESENTATION

Yelp Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on September 3, 2004. Except where specifically noted or the context otherwise requires, the use of terms such as the "Company" and "Yelp" in these Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements refers to Yelp Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Yelp is a trusted local resource for consumers and a partner in success for businesses of all sizes. Consumers trust Yelp for its extensive ratings and reviews of businesses across a broad range of categories, while businesses advertise on Yelp to reach its large audience of purchase-oriented and generally affluent consumers. Yelp has operations in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland and Germany.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and the applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements contained in the Annual Report.

The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP, including certain notes to the financial statements. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments of a normally recurring nature necessary for the fair presentation of the interim periods presented.

Principles of Consolidation

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Items that require estimates, judgments or assumptions include, but are not limited to, determining variable consideration and identifying the nature and timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, allowance for doubtful accounts and credit losses, fair value and estimated useful lives of long- and indefinite-lived assets, litigation loss contingencies, liabilities related to incurred but not reported insurance claims, fair value and achievement of targets for performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) and income taxes. These estimates, judgments and assumptions are based on information available as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ from management’s estimates due to macroeconomic uncertainty and other factors.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes to the Company's significant accounting policies from those described in the Annual Report.

10

2. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash	$	70,708	$	56,304
Cash equivalents	199,548		250,075
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	270,256	$	306,379
Restricted cash	518		759
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	270,774	$	307,138

Restricted cash is included in other non-current assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

3. MARKETABLE SECURITIES

Short-term investments and certain cash equivalents consist of investments in debt securities that are classified as available-for-sale. The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of investments as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Short-term marketable securities:
Certificates of deposit	$	7,688	$	—	$	—	$	7,688
Commercial paper	4,567		—		—		4,567
Corporate bonds	25,422		11		(279)		25,154
Agency bonds	20,820		2		(62)		20,760
U.S. government bonds	69,425		7		(692)		68,740
Total short-term marketable securities	$	127,922	$	20	$	(1,033)	$	126,909
	December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Cash equivalents:
Commercial paper	$	2,524	$	—	$	—	$	2,524
Total cash equivalents	2,524		—		—		2,524
Short-term marketable securities:
Certificates of deposit	10,651		—		—		10,651
Commercial paper	13,054		—		—		13,054
Corporate bonds	32,701		3		(353)		32,351
Agency bonds	3,010		—		(11)		2,999
U.S. government bonds	35,479		8		(298)		35,189
Total short-term marketable securities	94,895		11		(662)		94,244
Total	$	97,419	$	11	$	(662)	$	96,768

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The following tables present gross unrealized losses and fair values for those securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Corporate bonds	$	21,595	$	(279)	$	—	$	—	$	21,595	$	(279)
Agency bonds	14,275		(62)		—		—		14,275		(62)
U.S. government bonds	64,754		(692)		—		—		64,754		(692)
Total	$	100,624	$	(1,033)	$	—	$	—	$	100,624	$	(1,033)
	December 31, 2022
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Corporate bonds	$	29,428	$	(353)	$	—	$	—	$	29,428	$	(353)
Agency bonds	2,999		(11)		—		—		2,999		(11)
U.S. government bonds	27,368		(298)		—		—		27,368		(298)
Total	$	59,795	$	(662)	$	—	$	—	$	59,795	$	(662)

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not recognize any credit loss related to available-for-sale marketable securities.

The contractual maturities for marketable securities classified as available-for-sale as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	72,972	$	72,468
Due in one to five years	54,950		54,441
Total	$	127,922	$	126,909

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company’s investments in money market accounts are recorded as cash equivalents at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the Company carries its available-for-sale debt securities at fair value. See Note 3, "Marketable Securities," for further details.

The accounting guidance for fair value measurements prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value in the following hierarchy:

Level 1—Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets,

Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly, or

Level 3—Unobservable inputs in which there are little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The Company’s money market funds are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted prices in active markets. The Company's certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds, agency bonds and U.S. government bonds are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because they have been valued using inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable directly or indirectly.

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The following table represents the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, including those measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	174,178	$	—	$	—	$	174,178	$	247,551	$	—	$	—	$	247,551
Commercial paper	—		—		—		—		—		2,524		—		2,524
Marketable securities:
Certificates of deposit	—		7,688		—		7,688		—		10,651		—		10,651
Commercial paper	—		4,567		—		4,567		—		13,054		—		13,054
Corporate bonds	—		25,154		—		25,154		—		32,351		—		32,351
Agency bonds	—		20,760		—		20,760		—		2,999		—		2,999
U.S. government bonds	—		68,740		—		68,740		—		35,189		—		35,189
Other investments:
Certificates of deposit	—		10,000		—		10,000		—		10,000		—		10,000
Total cash equivalents, marketable securities and other investments	$	174,178	$	136,909	$	—	$	311,087	$	247,551	$	106,768	$	—	$	354,319

The certificates of deposit that are categorized as other investments are reflected in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The Company's long- and indefinite-lived assets, such as property, equipment and software, goodwill, other intangible assets and right-of-use ("ROU") assets, are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis if the assets are determined to be impaired. The Company recognized an impairment charge related to the write off of ROU assets and leasehold improvements associated with certain of its office space that it abandoned during the six months ended June 30, 2023 based on the Company's determination that the fair values of these impaired assets were zero. See Note 8, "Leases," for further details.

5. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Prepaid expenses	$	14,976	$	14,632
Certificates of deposit	10,000		10,000
Non-trade receivables	4,382		31,338
Other current assets	9,332		7,497
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	38,690	$	63,467

As of June 30, 2023, other current assets primarily consisted of deferred costs related to subleases and unsettled share repurchases as well as income taxes receivable and short-term deposits.

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6. PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE, NET

Property, equipment and software, net as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Capitalized website and internal-use software development costs	$	245,129	$	229,638
Leasehold improvements(1)	57,917		60,407
Computer equipment	48,426		50,920
Furniture and fixtures	10,401		11,627
Telecommunication	4,171		4,930
Software	1,113		1,702
Total	367,157		359,224
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(1)	(291,569)		(282,000)
Property, equipment and software, net	$	75,588	$	77,224

(1) Leasehold improvements, net was reduced to reflect an impairment of $1.0 million recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2023 as a result of the Company's abandonment of certain office space. For more information, see Note 8, "Leases."

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property, equipment and software was $10.2 million and $11.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $20.7 million and $21.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

7. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company’s goodwill is the result of its acquisitions of other businesses and represents the excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment analysis as of August 31, 2022 and concluded that goodwill was not impaired, as the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. Additionally, no triggering events were identified as of June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022 that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of goodwill below its carrying value.

The changes in carrying amount of goodwill during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	102,328
Effect of currency translation	932
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	103,260

        

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Intangible assets that were not fully amortized as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

	June 30, 2023
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Weighted Average Remaining Life
Business relationships	$	9,918	$	(5,904)	$	4,014	5.7 years
Licensing agreements	6,129		(1,828)		4,301		6.7 years
Domains and data licenses	2,869		(2,869)		—		0.0 years
Total	$	18,916	$	(10,601)	$	8,315

	December 31, 2022
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Weighted Average Remaining Life
Business relationships	$	9,918	$	(5,550)	$	4,368	6.2 years
Licensing agreements	6,129		(1,505)		4,624		7.2 years
Domain and data licenses	2,869		(2,864)		5		0.5 years
Total	$	18,916	$	(9,919)	$	8,997

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $0.4 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023, estimated future amortization expense was as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2023	$	677
2024	1,353
2025	1,353
2026	1,353
2027	1,353
2028	1,353
Thereafter	873
Total amortization	$	8,315

8. LEASES

The components of lease cost, net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	9,222	$	10,499	$	18,753	$	21,166
Short-term lease cost (12 months or less)	98		270		203		524
Sublease income	(3,403)		(2,777)		(6,794)		(5,555)
Total lease cost, net	$	5,917	$	7,992	$	12,162	$	16,135

The Company's leases and subleases do not include any variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, related-party leases, or restrictions or covenants that would limit or prevent the Company from exercising its right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the respective assets during the lease term.

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Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	24,065	$	25,511

As of June 30, 2023, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2023	$	21,368
2024	42,715
2025	22,176
2026	7,239
2027	6,426
2028	6,565
Thereafter	9,726
Total minimum lease payments	116,215
Less imputed interest	(10,192)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	106,023

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate were as follows:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) — operating leases	3.9		4.1
Weighted-average discount rate — operating leases	5.2	%	5.3	%

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company abandoned certain office space in San Francisco. The Company evaluated the associated ROU assets and leasehold improvements for impairment as a result of the abandonment in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” because the change in circumstances indicated that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The Company compared the carrying value of the impacted assets to the fair value to determine the impairment amount and recognized an impairment charge of $3.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023, which is included in general and administrative expenses on its condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Company reduced the carrying amount of the ROU asset and leasehold improvements by $2.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively. For more information on the fair values of the ROU asset and leasehold improvements used in the impairment analysis, see Note 4, "Fair Value Measurements."

9. OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Other non-current assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets	$	139,651	$	97,426
Deferred contract costs	27,028		25,946
Other non-current assets	12,345		10,617
Total other non-current assets	$	179,024	$	133,989

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10. CONTRACT BALANCES

The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Balance, beginning of period	$	9,277	$	7,153
Add: provision for doubtful accounts	14,636		12,676
Less: write-offs, net of recoveries	(15,751)		(11,143)
Balance, end of period	$	8,162	$	8,686

In calculating the allowance for doubtful accounts as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company considered expectations of probable credit losses, including those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic for the 2022 period, based on observed trends in cancellations, observed changes in the credit risk of specific customers, the impact of anticipated closures and bankruptcies using forecasted economic indicators in addition to historical experience and loss patterns during periods of macroeconomic uncertainty. The increases in the provision for doubtful accounts and write-offs, net of recoveries in the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the prior-year period, were a result of the ordinary course of business, reflecting the increase in net revenue as well as higher aggregate customer delinquencies.

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue, which is recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets when the Company has received consideration, or has the right to receive consideration, in advance of transferring the performance obligations under the contract to the customer.

The changes in deferred revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	5,200
Less: recognition of deferred revenue from beginning balance	(4,310)
Add: net increase in current period contract liabilities	4,524
Balance, end of period	$	5,414

The majority of the Company's deferred revenue balance as of June 30, 2023 is classified as short-term and is expected to be recognized as revenue in the subsequent three-month period ending September 30, 2023. An immaterial amount of long-term deferred revenue is included in other long-term liabilities as of June 30, 2023. No other contract assets or liabilities were recorded on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

11. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accounts payable	$	11,981	$	14,525
Employee-related liabilities	72,622		66,929
Taxes payable	46,233		6,218
Accrued legal settlements	15,000		26,250
Other accrued liabilities	26,035		24,028
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	171,871	$	137,950

As of June 30, 2023, other accrued liabilities primarily consisted of accrued cost of revenue and operating expenses as well as unsettled share repurchases.

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12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

Securities Class Action and Derivative Action

On January 18, 2018, a putative class action lawsuit alleging violations of the federal securities laws was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (the "Court"), naming as defendants the Company and certain of its officers (the “Securities Class Action”). Following the Court's approval of a stipulation to certify a class and denial of the defendants’ motion for summary judgment, the defendants reached an agreement with the plaintiff to settle this matter for $22.25 million. The proposed settlement was subsequently filed with the Court, which preliminarily approved it on July 25, 2022. The settlement was then funded by defendants' insurers during the three months ended September 30, 2022. The Court entered an order granting final approval to the settlement on January 27, 2023 and, on the same day, entered judgment in the Securities Class Action. The settlement resolved all claims asserted against all defendants in the Securities Class Action without any liability or wrongdoing attributed to them.

On August 26, 2022, the Court granted final approval of the settlement of a stockholder derivative action (the “Derivative Action”) asserting claims against certain current and former officers, and naming the Company as a nominal defendant, which arose out of the same facts as the Securities Class Action and was pending before the Court. The settlement resolved all claims asserted against all defendants in the Derivative Action without any liability or wrongdoing attributed to them personally or to the Company. Under the terms of the settlement, the Company’s board of directors adopted certain corporate governance modifications and the Company received $18.0 million of insurance proceeds. The Company paid $3.75 million of such insurance proceeds to the plaintiff’s attorneys as fees. The remaining insurance proceeds partially funded the Securities Class Action settlement.

In 2021, the Company recorded an accrual for loss contingency within accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the aggregate amount of $26.0 million, which represented the total settlement amount for both the Securities Class Action and the Derivative Action, as well as a $26.0 million receivable for loss recovery within prepaid expenses and other current assets for the anticipated insurance proceeds related to these settlements. As of December 31, 2022, following payment to the plaintiff's attorneys in the Derivative Action, the Company had $22.25 million remaining for the settlement of the Securities Class Action on its condensed consolidated balance sheets for the loss contingency accrual and loss recovery receivable. In January 2023, the Company released the remaining receivable and accrual upon the Court granting final approval of these settlements.

CIPA Action

On October 12, 2016, a putative class action lawsuit asserting claims under the California Invasion of Privacy Act was filed against the Company (the "CIPA Action") in the Superior Court of California for the County of San Francisco (the "Superior Court"), in which the plaintiff sought statutory damages and other relief based on alleged unlawful call recording. The Company filed a motion for summary judgment on the basis that it had never recorded the plaintiff, which the Superior Court granted. The plaintiff appealed and, in October 2020, the California Court of Appeal for the First District (the "Court of Appeal") reversed the decision of the Superior Court, holding that the recording of only the Company's consenting sales representatives could violate CIPA, even if the plaintiff was not recorded. The California Supreme Court subsequently denied review of the Court of Appeal's decision and the case was remanded to the Superior Court. On January 18, 2023, the Superior Court granted the plaintiffs’ motion for class certification. In February 2023, the Company filed a petition for a writ with the Court of Appeal seeking reversal of the Superior Court’s class certification decision. The Court of Appeal summarily denied the writ petition on May 25, 2023, following which the Company filed a petition with the California Supreme Court on June 2, 2023 seeking an order directing the Court of Appeal to review the merits of the Company's writ petition. On July 17, 2023, the Company reached a preliminary agreement with the plaintiffs to settle the CIPA Action for $15.0 million, which payment the Company expects to be partially funded by insurance proceeds. The proposed settlement would resolve all claims asserted against the Company in the CIPA Action without any liability or wrongdoing attributed to it. The parties are currently negotiating the definitive terms of the settlement, which will then be presented to the Superior Court for approval.

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The Company assesses, in conjunction with its legal counsel, the need to record a liability for litigation and contingencies, which it will accrue when it believes a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Although the proposed settlement terms for the CIPA Action remain to be finalized (and will also be subject to court approval), the Company believes the loss is probable and the payment amount of $15.0 million represents a reasonable estimate of loss contingency as of June 30, 2023. The Company had previously recorded a $4.0 million accrual for loss contingency related to the CIPA Action as of December 31, 2022, which it increased by $11.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023, resulting in a $15.0 million accrual for loss contingency within accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023. The Company also believes that its anticipated insurance proceeds of approximately $3.3 million related to the CIPA Action settlement are probable and represent a reasonable estimate for loss recovery as of June 30, 2023. Accordingly, the Company recorded a $3.3 million receivable for loss recovery within prepaid expenses and other current assets on its condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023.

Other Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently does not believe that the final outcome of any of these other matters will have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Indemnification Agreements

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to customers, vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements, services to be provided by the Company or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties.

In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with directors and certain officers and employees that will require the Company to, among other things, indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers or employees.

While the outcome of claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company does not believe that the outcome of any claims under the indemnification arrangements will have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Revolving Credit Facility

On April 28, 2023, the Company entered into a Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement with certain lenders and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative and collateral agent, which provides for a five-year $125.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the "2023 credit facility"). The 2023 credit facility replaced the Company’s previous $75.0 million revolving credit facility entered into on May 5, 2020 with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (the “2020 credit facility”), which terminated concurrently with the establishment of the 2023 credit facility. The 2023 credit facility includes a letter of credit sub-limit of $25.0 million, a bilateral letter of credit facility of $25.0 million and an accordion option, which, if exercised, would allow the Company to increase the aggregate commitments by up to $250.0 million, plus additional amounts if the Company is able to satisfy a leverage test, subject to certain conditions. The commitments under the 2023 credit facility expire on April 28, 2028.

Loans under the 2023 credit facility bear interest, at the Company’s election, at either (a) an adjusted term Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 0.10% plus a margin of 1.25% - 1.50%, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio, or (b) an alternative base rate plus a margin of 0.25% - 0.50%, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the undrawn portion of the aggregate commitments that accrues at 0.20% - 0.25% per annum, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio, as well as a letter of credit fee on any outstanding letters of credit that accrues at 1.25% - 1.50% per annum, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio.

The 2023 credit facility contains customary conditions to borrowing, events of default and covenants, including covenants that restrict the Company’s ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make distributions, pay dividends, repurchase shares, make investments, or engage in transactions with the Company’s affiliates, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The 2023 credit facility also requires the Company to maintain a total leverage ratio of no greater than 3.75 to 1.00, subject to an increase up to 4.25 to 1.00 for a certain period following significant acquisitions, and an interest coverage ratio of no less than 3.00 to 1.00. The obligations under the 2023 credit facility are secured by liens on substantially all of the Company’s domestic assets, including certain domestic intellectual property assets and the equity of its domestic subsidiaries, as well as a portion of the equity interests the Company holds directly in its foreign subsidiaries.

19

As of June 30, 2023, the Company had $17.0 million of letters of credit outstanding under the 2023 credit facility sub-limit, which were moved from the 2020 credit facility. The letters of credit are primarily related to lease agreements for certain office locations and are required to be maintained and issued to the landlords of each facility. No loans were outstanding under the 2023 credit facility and the Company was in compliance with all conditions and covenants thereunder as of June 30, 2023.

13. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The following table presents the number of shares authorized and issued as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	Shares Authorized	Shares Issued	Shares Authorized	Shares Issued
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.000001 par value	200,000	69,287	200,000	69,797
Undesignated preferred stock	10,000	—	10,000	—

Stock Repurchase Program

As of June 30, 2023, the Company's board of directors had authorized it to repurchase up to an aggregate of $1.45 billion of its outstanding common stock, $181.7 million of which remained available as of June 30, 2023. The Company may purchase shares at management’s discretion in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, in transactions structured through investment banking institutions or a combination of the foregoing.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased on the open market and subsequently retired 3,264,260 shares for an aggregate purchase price of $100.0 million. Although no shares were held in treasury stock as of June 30, 2023, an immaterial balance that remained was comprised of excise tax under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 on stock repurchases, net of shares issued, during the six-month period. The Company expects to pay the excise tax in early 2024.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company repurchased on the open market 3,039,203 shares for an aggregate purchase price of $100.0 million and retired 2,932,305 shares. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had a treasury stock balance of 106,898 shares, which were excluded from its outstanding share count as of such date and subsequently retired in July 2022.

Equity Incentive Plans

Stock Options

Stock options are granted at a price per share not less than the fair value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. Options generally vest over a four-year period, on one of two schedules: (a) 25% vesting at the end of one year and the remaining shares vesting monthly thereafter or (b) ratably on a monthly basis. Options granted are generally exercisable for contractual terms of up to 10 years. The Company issues new shares when stock options are exercised.

A summary of stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Number of Shares (in thousands)	Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	3,543	$	32.81	3.6	$	7,507
Exercised	(716)	21.73
Canceled	(83)	34.56
Outstanding at June 30, 2023	2,744	$	35.64	4.0	$	10,671
Options vested and exercisable at June 30, 2023	2,681	$	35.66	3.9	$	10,480

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Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the closing price of the Company’s common stock as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange on a given date and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was approximately $0.1 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $5.5 million and $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

There were no options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $16.07 per share.

As of June 30, 2023, total unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested stock options were approximately $1.0 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average time period of 1.7 years.

RSUs

RSUs generally vest over a four-year period, on one of two schedules: (a) 25% vesting at the end of one year and the remaining vesting quarterly or annually thereafter or (b) ratably on a quarterly basis.

RSUs also include PRSUs, which are subject to either (a) a market condition or (b) the achievement of performance goals. PRSUs may also be subject to a time-based vesting schedule of quarterly over four years (the "Time-Based Vesting Schedule"). For PRSUs subject to a market condition, the Company recognizes expense from the date of grant. For PRSUs subject to performance goals, the Company recognizes expense when it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved.

The Company granted PRSUs subject to market conditions in 2022 and 2023. The shares underlying each of these PRSU awards vest based on the relative performance of the Company's total stockholder return ("TSR") over a three-year period. A percentage of the target number of shares underlying each award, ranging from zero to 200%, will vest based on the percentile rank of the Company's TSR relative to that of the other companies in the Russell 2000 Index over the period beginning January 1st of the year of grant and ending three years later (the "Performance Period"). The Company’s TSR, as well as the TSR of the other companies in the Russell 2000 Index, will be calculated based on the average closing price of each company's stock over the last 20 trading days of the Performance Period compared to the average closing price over the first 20 trading days of the Performance Period. Any shares that become eligible to vest based on the Company's level of achievement of the market goal will fully vest on or following certification of the Company's performance on February 20, 2025 and 2026, respectively, or, if certification occurs following such date, March 15, 2025 and 2026, respectively, for the 2022 and 2023 grants, subject to the applicable employee's continued service as of such vesting dates.

For PRSUs subject to performance goals, a percentage of the target number of shares, ranging from zero to 200%, will become eligible to vest based on the Company's level of achievement of certain financial targets, subject to the Time-Based Vesting Schedule. The shares subject to performance goals become eligible to vest once the achievement against the financial targets is known, which will be no later than March of the year following the year in which the PRSUs are granted. On the quarterly vest date immediately following such determination (or a vest date otherwise specified in the agreement), the eligible shares, if any, will vest to the extent that the employee has met the Time-Based Vesting Schedule as of such date. Thereafter, the eligible shares will continue to vest in accordance with the Time-Based Vesting Schedule, subject to the applicable employee's continued service as of each such vesting date. The Company performed an analysis as of June 30, 2023 to assess the probability of achievement of the PRSU financial targets and, as a result, recorded compensation costs in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 for the PRSUs that it expected to vest.

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As the PRSU activity during the six months ended June 30, 2023 was not material, it is presented together with the RSU activity in the table below. A summary of RSU and PRSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023 is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2022	9,962	$	33.48
Granted	6,207	29.42
Vested(1)	(2,873)	31.61
Canceled	(718)	32.01
Nonvested at June 30, 2023(2)	12,578	$	31.99

(1) Includes 1,211,815 shares that vested but were not issued due to the Company's use of net share withholding for payment of employee taxes.

(2) Includes 880,856 PRSUs.

The aggregate fair value as of the vest date of RSUs and PRSUs that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $91.2 million and $81.4 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had approximately $377.0 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs and PRSUs, which it expects to recognize over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2.6 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a discount through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation, subject to any plan limitations, during designated six-month offering periods. At the end of each offering period, employees are able to purchase shares at 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the last day of the offering period, based on the closing sales price of the Company's common stock as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange on such date.

There were 379,656 and 380,332 shares purchased by employees under the ESPP at a weighted-average purchase price per share of $28.70 and $28.69 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. There were 364,436 shares purchased by employees under the ESPP at a weighted-average purchase price per share of $25.00 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP of $0.9 million and $0.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP of $1.8 million and $1.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes the effects of stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based awards in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	1,346	$	1,248	$	2,728	$	2,553
Sales and marketing	8,607		8,200		17,721		16,855
Product development	24,974		22,304		50,841