3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (iii) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.

For collaboration agreements, revenues for non-refundable upfront license fee payments, where we continue to have performance obligations, are recognized as performance occurs and obligations are completed. Revenues for non-refundable upfront license fee payments where we do not have significant future performance obligations are recognized when the agreement is signed and the payments are due.

For multiple element arrangements, such as collaboration agreements in which a collaborator may purchase several deliverables, we account for each deliverable as a separate unit of accounting if both of the following criteria are met: (i) the delivered item or items have value to the customer on a standalone basis; and (ii) for an arrangement that includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. We evaluate how the consideration should be allocated among the units of accounting and allocate revenue to each non-contingent element based upon the relative selling price of each element. We determine the relative selling price for each deliverable using (i) vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, of selling price if it exists; (ii) third-party evidence, or TPE, of selling price if it exists; or (iii) our best estimated selling price for that deliverable if neither VSOE nor TPE of selling price exists for that deliverable. We then recognize the revenue allocated to each element when the four basic revenue criteria described above are met for each element.

For milestone payments received in connection with our collaboration agreements, we have elected to adopt the milestone method of accounting under Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 605-28, Milestone Method. Under the milestone method, revenues for payments which meet the definition of a milestone will be recognized as the respective milestones are achieved.

We recognize product revenue as follows:

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Persuasive Evidence of an Arrangement. We currently sell product through license and supply agreements with our collaborators, Ferrer and Teva. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement is generally determined by the receipt of an approved purchase order from the collaborator in connection with the terms of the related license and supply agreements.

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Delivery. Typically, ownership of the product passes to the collaborator upon shipment. Our current license and supply agreements also provide our collaborators with an acceptance period during which they may reject any product which does not conform to agreed-upon specifications. Because ADASUVE is a new product, a new technology and our first product to be commercialized, and because we do not have a history of producing product to collaborator specifications, we will not consider delivery to have occurred until after the collaborator acceptance period has ended or the collaborator has positively accepted the product. Once we have demonstrated over the course of time an ability to reliably produce the product to collaborator specifications, we will consider delivery to have occurred upon shipment in the absence of any other relevant shipment or acceptance terms.

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Sales Price Fixed or Determinable. Sales prices for product shipments are determined by the license and supply agreements and documented in the purchase orders. After the collaborator acceptance period has ended or the collaborator has positively accepted the product, our collaborators do not have any product return or replacement rights, including for expired products.

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Collectability. Payment for the product is contractually obligated under the license and supply agreements. We will monitor payment histories for our collaborators and specific issues as they arise to determine whether collection is probable for a specific transaction and defer revenue as necessary.

Royalty revenue from our collaboration agreements will be recognized as we receive information from our collaborators regarding product sales and collectability is reasonably assured.

Significant management judgment is used in the determination of revenue to be recognized and the period in which it is recognized.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at standard cost, which approximates actual cost, determined on a first-in first-out basis, not in excess of market value. Inventory includes the direct costs incurred to manufacture products combined with allocated manufacturing overhead, which consists of indirect costs, including labor and facility overhead. We are in the early stages of commercialization and have incurred significantly higher than normal indirect costs in the production of our inventory due to start-up manufacturing costs and low production volumes. The carrying cost of inventory is reduced so as to not be in excess of the market value of the inventory as determined by the contractual transfer prices to Ferrer and Teva. The excess over the market value is expensed to cost of goods sold. If information becomes available that suggests that all or certain of the inventory may not be realizable, we may be required to expense a portion, or all, of the capitalized inventory into cost of goods sold. Inventory, which is stated at the lower of cost or estimated market value, consists of the following at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
Raw materials	$	1,025	$	3,677
Work in process		79		—
Finished goods		303		52

Total inventory	$	1,407	$	3,729

As a result of Teva and Ferrer ADASUVE orders, we anticipate producing ADASUVE until the end of August 2015. Once these orders are produced, released and shipped, we plan to suspend ADASUVE commercial production operations. We plan to resume ADASUVE commercial production as additional commercial product is required by Teva, Ferrer or any future collaborators. We may also consider contracting with third party-manufacturers for ADASUVE if deemed more efficient, including third-party manufacturers with multi-product facilities. During the six months ended June 30, 2015, we recorded additional cost of goods sold related to $1,229,000 of inventory with fixed expiration dates and $1,024,000 of prepayments made to the supplier of our lower housing assembly all of which are in excess of our expected production needs prior to the planned suspension of commercial production operations.

Contingencies

From time to time, we are involved in lawsuits, arbitrations, claims, investigations and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. We make provisions for liabilities when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. No such provisions have been made for the periods presented herein. Litigation and related matters are inherently unpredictable. If any unfavorable ruling were to occur in any specific period, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on the results of operations of that period or on our cash flows and liquidity.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”). ASU 2014-15 requires management to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. In doing so, companies will have reduced diversity in the timing and content of footnote disclosures than under the current guidance. ASU 2014-15 is effective for us in the first quarter of 2016 with early adoption permitted. We do not believe the impact of adopting ASU 2014-15 will have a material effect on our results of operations or financial position.

In May 2014 the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued the Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under US GAAP. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard will be effective for public entities for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Entities can choose to apply the standard using either the full retrospective approach or a modified retrospective approach. Entities electing the full retrospective adoption will apply the standard to each period presented in the financial statements. This means that entities will have to apply the new guidance as if it had been in effect since the inception of all its contracts with customers presented in the financial statements. Entities that elect the modified retrospective approach will apply the guidance retrospectively only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. This means that entities will have to recognize the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at the date of initial application. The new revenue standard will be applied to contracts that are in progress at the date of initial application.

In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board tentatively decided to defer the effective date of the standard for one year to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We are evaluating the requirements of this guidance and have not yet determined the impact of its adoption on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In May 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued a proposed Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, that would amend the Board’s May 2014 issued ASUNo. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), specifically the guidance on identifying performance obligations and the implementation guidance on licensing. The amendments are being made in response to feedback received by the FASB-IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) joint revenue recognition transition resource group, which was formed to address potential issues associated in the implementation of ASU 2014-09. The proposed amendments include (i) identifying performance obligations on immaterial promised goods or services, shipping and handling activities, and identifying when promises represent performance obligations, and (ii) licensing implantation guidance on determining the nature of an entity’s promise in granting a license and sales-based and usage-based royalties. Comments on the proposed ASU were due by June 30, 2015. We are evaluating the requirements of this guidance and have not yet determined the impact of its adoption on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.