10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017.

or

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________to __________.

Commission File Number: 001-33899

Digital Ally, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada	20-0064269
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9705 Loiret Blvd, Lenexa, KS 66219

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(913) 814-7774

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer [  ]	Accelerated filer [  ]
Non-accelerated filer [  ] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company [X]
	Emerging growth company [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Class	Outstanding at August 8, 2017
Common Stock, $0.001 par value	5,679,731

FORM 10-Q

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

JUNE 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

TABLE OF CONTENTS	Page(s)
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1. Financial Statements.	3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – June 30, 2017 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2016	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended  June 30, 2017 and 2016 (Unaudited)	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Six Months Ended  June 30, 2017 (Unaudited)	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (Unaudited)	6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	7-26
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	27-50
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	51
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.	51
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.	52-53
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	54
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.	54
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.	55
Item 5. Other Information.	55
Item 6. Exhibits.	55
SIGNATURES	56
EXHIBITS	57
CERTIFICATIONS

 2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 – Financial Statements.

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

JUNE 30, 2017 AND DECEMBER 31, 2016

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	825,090		$	3,883,124
Accounts receivable-trade, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $70,000 – 2017 and 2016		2,123,677			2,519,184
Accounts receivable-other		444,033			341,326
Inventories, net		10,315,479			9,586,311
Restricted cash		500,000			—
Prepaid expenses		646,840			402,158
Total current assets		14,855,119			16,732,103
Furniture, fixtures and equipment, net		916,560			873,902
Restricted cash		—			500,000
Intangible assets, net		466,220			467,176
Other assets		178,585			261,915
Total assets	$	16,416,484		$	18,835,096
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,319,021		$	2,455,579
Accrued expenses		1,047,240			1,542,729
Derivative liabilities		19,357			33,076
Capital lease obligation-current		25,121			32,792
Deferred revenue-current		1,321,703			925,932
Subordinated notes payable, net of discount of $288,895-2017 and $0-2016		411,105			—
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value		3,926,258			—
Income taxes payable		7,995			7,048
Total current liabilities		10,077,800			4,997,156
Long-term liabilities:
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value		—			4,000,000
Capital lease obligation-less current portion		—			8,492
Deferred revenue-long term		2,150,206			2,073,176
Total liabilities		12,228,006			11,078,824
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholder’s Equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued: 5,743,249 – 2017 and 5,552,449 – 2016		5,743			5,552
Additional paid in capital		60,356,781			59,565,288
Treasury stock, at cost (63,518 shares)		(2,157,226	)		(2,157,226	)
Accumulated deficit		(54,016,820	)		(49,657,342	)
Total stockholders’ equity		4,188,478			7,756,272
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	16,416,484		$	18,835,096

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 3

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED

JUNE 30, 2017 AND 2016

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Revenue:
Product	$	3,056,810		$	4,045,373		$	7,742,170		$	8,132,287
Service and other		429,692			339,038			974,192			657,067
Total revenue		3,486,502			4,384,411			8,716,362			8,789,354
Cost of revenue:
Product		1,959,274			2,826,213			4,733,311			5,252,258
Service and other		354,012			292,962			532,986			418,241
Total cost of revenue		2,313,286			3,119,175			5,266,297			5,670,499
Gross profit		1,173,216			1,265,236			3,450,065			3,118,855
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Research and development expense		846,460			813,150			1,664,351			1,622,004
Selling, advertising and promotional expense		952,312			1,003,507			1,987,834			1,926,499
Stock-based compensation expense		115,756			355,236			502,789			781,066
General and administrative expense		1,751,285			1,986,000			3,589,901			4,019,838
Total selling, general and administrative expenses		3,665,813			4,157,893			7,744,875			8,349,407
Operating loss		(2,492,597	)		(2,892,657	)		(4,294,810	)		(5,230,552	)
Interest income		3,797			7,198			8,858			16,190
Interest expense		(80,436	)		(907	)		(160,987	)		(1,662	)
Change in warrant derivative liabilities		13,114			21,282			13,719			37,815
Change in fair value of secured convertible notes payable		229,599			—			73,742			—
Loss before income tax expense		(2,326,523	)		(2,865,084	)		(4,359,478	)		(5,178,209	)
Income tax (expense) benefit		—			—			—			—
Net loss	$	(2,326,523	)	$	(2,865,084	)	$	(4,359,478	)	$	(5,178,209	)
Net loss per share information:
Basic	$	(0.41	)	$	(0.54	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.98	)
Diluted	$	(0.41	)	$	(0.54	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.98	)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		5,679,731			5,319,259			5,654,755			5,282,514
Diluted		5,679,731			5,319,259			5,654,755			5,282,514

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 4

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2017
(Unaudited)

	Common Stock						Additional Paid In			Treasury			Accumulated
	Shares			Amount			Capital			stock			deficit			Total
Balance, December 31, 2016		5,552,449		$	5,552		$	59,565,288		$	(2,157,226	)	$	(49,657,342	)	$	7,756,272
Stock-based compensation		—			—			502,789			—			—			502,789
Restricted common stock grant		200,000			200			(200	)		—			—			—
Restricted common stock forfeitures		(9,200	)		(9	)		9			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock purchase warrants related to issuance of subordinated notes payable		—			—			288,895			—			—			288,895
Net loss		—			—			—			—			(4,359,478	)		(4,359,478	)
Balance, June 30, 2017		5,743,249		$	5,743		$	60,356,781		$	(2,157,226	)	$	(54,016,820	)	$	4,188,478

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 5

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2017 AND 2016
(Unaudited)

	2017			2016
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(4,359,478	)	$	(5,178,209	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		325,617			295,813
Stock-based compensation		502,789			781,066
Change in derivative liabilities		(13,719	)		(37,815	)
Change in fair value of secured convertible debentures		(73,742	)		—
Provision for inventory obsolescence		326,284			266,479
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable		—			(7,221	)
Change in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in:
Accounts receivable - trade		395,507			542,475
Accounts receivable - other		(102,707	)		(59,483	)
Inventories		(1,055,452	)		689,105
Prepaid expenses		(244,682	)		(424,865	)
Other assets		83,330			42,428
Increase (decrease) in:
Accounts payable		863,442			58,567
Accrued expenses		(495,489	)		98,888
Income taxes payable		947			(7,095	)
Deferred revenue		472,801			372,915
Net cash used in operating activities		(3,374,552	)		(2,566,952	)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of furniture, fixtures and equipment		(304,596	)		(134,707	)
Additions to intangible assets		(62,723	)		(60,811	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(367,319	)		(195,518	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated notes payable		700,000			—
Principal payments on capital lease obligation		(16,163	)		(19,119	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		683,837			(19,119	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(3,058,034	)		(2,781,589	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		3,883,124			6,924,079
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	825,090		$	4,142,490
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash payments for interest	$	80,986		$	1,650
Cash payments for income taxes	$	9,053		$	7,095
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Restricted common stock grant	$	200		$	200
Restricted common stock forfeitures	$	9		$	—

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 6

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 1. NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business:

Digital Ally, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, “Digital Ally,” “Digital,” the “Company,” “we,” “ours” and “us”) produces digital video imaging and storage products for use in law enforcement, security and commercial applications. Its products are an in-car digital video/audio recorder contained in a rear-view mirror for use in law enforcement and commercial fleets; a system that provides its law enforcement customers with audio/video surveillance from multiple vantage points and hands-free automatic activation of body-worn cameras and in-car video systems; a miniature digital video system designed to be worn on an individual’s body; a weather-resistant mobile digital video recording system for use on motorcycles, ATV’s and boats; a hand-held laser speed detection device that it is offering primarily to law enforcement agencies; and cloud storage solutions. The Company has active research and development programs to adapt its technologies to other applications. It can integrate electronic, radio, computer, mechanical, and multi-media technologies to create unique solutions to address needs in a variety of other industries and markets, including mass transit, school bus, taxi cab and the military. The Company sells its products to law enforcement agencies and other security organizations and consumer and commercial fleet operators through direct sales domestically and third-party distributors internationally.

The Company was originally incorporated in Nevada on December 13, 2000 as Vegas Petra, Inc. and had no operations until 2004. On November 30, 2004, Vegas Petra, Inc. entered into a Plan of Merger with Digital Ally, Inc., at which time the merged entity was renamed Digital Ally, Inc.

Management’s Liquidity Plan

The Company incurred substantial operating losses in the six months ended June 30, 2017 and recent years primarily due to reduced revenues and gross margins caused by specific product quality issues resulting in the significant delays in customer orders and product rework expenditures. In addition, the Company accessed the capital markets to raise approximately $700,000 on June 30, 2017, $4.0 million in December 2016 and $11.0 million in 2015 to fund its operations until it achieves positive cash flows from operations. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $54.0 million and has financed its recent operations primarily through debt and equity financings. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and year ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred net losses of approximately $4.4 and $12.7 million, respectively, and used cash in operating activities of $3.4 million and $5.9 million, respectively. The $700,000 principal amount of subordinated notes payable (the “Notes”) matures on September 30, 2017. Additionally, the $4.0 million principal amount of 8% Secured Convertible Debentures (the “Debentures”) matures in March 2018 unless the Debentures are converted by their holders ($5.00 per share conversion rate) before maturity. The Notes and Debentures represent current liabilities as of June 30, 2017 and will require the Company to raise substantial funds to liquidate if operating results do not improve before the maturity dates of such Notes and Debentures. These conditions indicate that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

The Company will need to restore positive operating cash flows and profitability over the next twelve months and/or raise additional capital to fund operations, accommodate the potential liquidity needs to retire the Debentures at their maturity, meet its payment obligations and execute its business plan. There can be no assurance that it will be successful in restoring positive cash flows and profitability, or that it can raise additional financing if and when needed, and obtain it on terms acceptable or favorable to the Company.

Management has implemented a quality control function which is tasked with the detection and correction of product issues before they result in significant rework expenditures affecting the Company’s gross margins. The Company has introduced a new full high definition in-car video system (DVM-800 HD), which is intended to help it regain market share and improve revenues in its law enforcement division. The Company has increased its addressable market to non-law enforcement customers and has obtained significant new non-law enforcement contracts in 2017, which contracts include recurring revenue over the 2017 to 2019 period. Management believes that its quality control initiative, introduction of the DVM-800 HD for law enforcement and expansion to non-law enforcement sales channels will restore positive operating cash flows and profitability during the next year, although it can offer no assurances in this regard.

The Company’s plan also includes raising additional capital, and is currently considering the issuance of debt, equity or a combination of both within the next 90 days. In addition, the Company is considering reducing the exercise price on outstanding common stock purchase warrants in order to induce holders to exercise which would generate working capital. The Company has demonstrated its ability to raise new debt or equity capital in recent years and if necessary, it believes that it could raise additional capital during the next 12 months if required, but again can offer no assurances in this regard. Based on the uncertainties described above, the Company believes its business plan does not alleviate the existence of substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements in this Report.

 7

The following is a summary of the Company’s Significant Accounting Policies:

Basis of Consolidation:

The accompanying financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Digital Ally and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Digital Ally International, Inc., MP Ally, LLC, Medical Devices Ally, LLC and Digitaldeck, LLC. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated during consolidation.

The Company formed Digital Ally International, Inc. during August 2009 to facilitate the export sales of its products. In addition, Medical Devices Ally, LLC was formed in July 2014, MP Ally, LLC was formed in July 2015, and Digitaldeck, LLC was formed in June 2017, all of which have been inactive since formation.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments:

The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The Company accounts for its derivative liabilities and its secured convertible debentures on a fair value basis.

Revenue Recognition:

Revenues from the sale of products are recorded when the product is shipped, title and risk of loss have transferred to the purchaser, payment terms are fixed or determinable and payment is reasonably assured. Customers do not have a right to return the product other than for warranty reasons for which they would only receive repair services or replacement product.

The Company sells its products and services to law enforcement and commercial customers in the following manner:

●	Sales to domestic customers are made direct to the end customer (typically a law enforcement agency or a commercial customer) through its sales force, which is composed of its employees. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the end customer.
●	Sales to international customers are made through independent distributors who purchase products from the Company at a wholesale price and sell to the end user (typically law enforcement agencies or a commercial customer) at a retail price. The distributor retains the margin as its compensation for its role in the transaction. The distributor generally maintains product inventory, customer receivables and all related risks and rewards of ownership. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the distributor consistent with the terms of the distribution agreement.
	Repair parts and services for domestic and international customers are generally handled by its inside customer service employees. Revenue is recognized upon shipment of the repair parts and acceptance of the service or materials by the end customer.

Sales taxes collected on products sold are excluded from revenues and are reported as an accrued expense in the accompanying balance sheets until payments are remitted.

 8

Service and other revenue is comprised of revenues from extended warranties, repair services, cloud revenue and software revenue. Revenue is recognized upon shipment of the product and acceptance of the service or materials by the end customer for repair services. Revenue for extended warranty, cloud service or other software-based are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the contracted warranty or service period on a straight-line method.

Extended warranties are offered on selected products and when a customer purchases an extended warranty the associated proceeds are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the extended warranty on a straight-line method.

Multiple element arrangements consisting of product, software, cloud and extended warranties are offered to our customers. Revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables are divided into separate units and revenue is allocated using the relative selling price method based upon vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price or third-party evidence of the selling prices if vendor-specific objective evidence of selling prices does not exist. If neither vendor-specific objective evidence nor third-party evidence exists, management uses its best estimate of selling price. The majority of the Company’s allocations of arrangement consideration under multiple element arrangements are performed using vendor-specific objective evidence by utilizing prices charged to customers for deliverables when sold separately. The Company’s multiple element arrangements may include future in-car or body-worn camera devices to be delivered at defined points within a multi-year contract, and in those arrangements, the Company allocates total arrangement consideration over the life of the multi-year contract to future deliverables using management’s best estimate of selling price. The Company has not utilized third-party evidence of selling price.

Sales returns and allowances aggregated $13,736 and $123,703 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $(27,585) and $201,990 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Obligations for estimated sales returns and allowances are recognized at the time of sales on an accrual basis. The accrual is determined based upon historical return rates adjusted for known changes in key variables affecting these return rates. A customer paid under a sales transaction in March 2017 that had been accrued to be returned at December 31, 2016, which the caused the negative sales returns for the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Use of Estimates:

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents include funds on hand, in bank and short-term investments with original maturities of ninety (90) days or less.

Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal or use under the terms of the secured convertible debentures are presented as restricted cash separate from cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying balance sheet.

Accounts Receivable:

Accounts receivable are carried at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a weekly basis. The Company determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables and considering a customer’s financial condition, credit history, and current economic conditions. Trade receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously written off are recorded when received.

A trade receivable is considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding for more than thirty (30) days beyond terms. No interest is charged on overdue trade receivables.

 9

Inventories:

Inventories consist of electronic parts, circuitry boards, camera parts and ancillary parts (collectively, “components”), work-in-process and finished goods, and are carried at the lower of cost (First-in, First-out Method) or market value. The Company determines the estimate for the reserve for slow moving or obsolete inventories by regularly evaluating individual inventory levels, projected sales and current economic conditions.

Furniture, fixtures and equipment:

Furniture, fixtures and equipment is stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation. Additions and improvements are capitalized while ordinary maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is recorded by the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which ranges from three to ten years. Amortization expense on capitalized leases is included with depreciation expense.

Intangible assets:

Intangible assets include deferred patent costs and license agreements. Legal expenses incurred in preparation of patent application have been deferred and will be amortized over the useful life of granted patents. Costs incurred in preparation of applications that are not granted will be charged to expense at that time. The Company has entered into several sublicense agreements under which it has been assigned the exclusive rights to certain licensed materials used in its products. These sublicense agreements generally require upfront payments to obtain the exclusive rights to such material. The Company capitalizes the upfront payments as intangible assets and amortizes such costs over their estimated useful life on a straight-line method.

Secured convertible debentures:

The Company has elected to record its Debentures at fair value. Accordingly, the Debentures will be marked-to-market at each reporting date with the change in fair value reported as a gain (loss) in the statement of operations. All issuance costs related to the Debentures were expensed as incurred in the statement of operations.

Long-Lived Assets:

Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party appraisals, as considered necessary.

Warranties:

The Company’s products carry explicit product warranties that extend up to two years from the date of shipment. The Company records a provision for estimated warranty costs based upon historical warranty loss experience and periodically adjusts these provisions to reflect actual experience. Accrued warranty costs are included in accrued expenses. Extended warranties are offered on selected products and when a customer purchases an extended warranty the associated proceeds are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the extended warranty.

Shipping and Handling Costs:

Shipping and handling costs for outbound sales orders totaled $19,661 and $21,650 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $40,091 and $46,219 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Such costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Advertising Costs:

Advertising expense includes costs related to trade shows and conventions, promotional material and supplies, and media costs. Advertising costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. The Company incurred total advertising expense of approximately $143,053 and $194,944 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $270,329 and $321,412 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Such costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 10

Income Taxes:

Deferred taxes are provided for by the liability method in which deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

The Company applies the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 740 - Income Taxes that provides a framework for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and provided a comprehensive model to recognize, measure, present, and disclose in its financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. It initially recognizes tax positions in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Application requires numerous estimates based on available information. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, and it recognized tax positions and tax benefits may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes. As it obtains additional information, the Company may need to periodically adjust its recognized tax positions and tax benefits. These periodic adjustments may have a material impact on its consolidated statements of operations.

The Company’s policy is to record estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. There was no interest expense related to the underpayment of estimated taxes during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. There have been no penalties in the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various states. As of June 30, 2017, the Company’s tax returns filed for 2013, 2014, and 2015 and to be filed for 2016 are subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities. With few exceptions, as of June 30, 2017, the Company is no longer subject to Federal, state, or local examinations by tax authorities for years before 2013.

Research and Development Expenses:

The Company expenses all research and development costs as incurred. Development costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed are subject to capitalization beginning when a product’s technological feasibility has been established and ending when a product is available for general release to customers. In most instances, the Company’s products are released soon after technological feasibility has been established. Costs incurred subsequent to achievement of technological feasibility were not significant, and software development costs were expensed as incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

Common Stock Purchase Warrants:

The Company has common stock purchase warrants that are accounted for as liabilities under the caption of derivative liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and recorded at fair value due to the warrant agreements containing anti-dilution provisions. The change in fair value being recorded in the consolidated statement of operation.

The Company has common stock purchase warrants that are accounted for as equity based on their relative fair value and are not subject to remeasurement.

Stock-Based Compensation:

The Company grants stock-based compensation to its employees, board of directors and certain third party contractors. Share-based compensation arrangements may include the issuance of options to purchase common stock in the future or the issuance of restricted stock, which generally are subject to vesting requirements. The Company records stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation granted based on the grant-date fair value. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.

The Company estimates the grant-date fair value of stock-based compensation using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Assumptions used to estimate compensation expense are determined as follows:

● Expected term is determined using the contractual term and vesting period of the award;

● Expected volatility of award grants made in the Company’s plan is measured using the weighted average of historical daily changes in the market price of the Company’s common stock over the period equal to the expected term of the award;

● Expected dividend rate is determined based on expected dividends to be declared;

● Risk-free interest rate is equivalent to the implied yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds with a maturity equal to the expected term of the awards; and

● Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

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Segments of Business:

Management has determined that its operations are comprised of one reportable segment: the sale of digital audio and video recording and speed detection devices. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, sales by geographic area were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Sales by geographic area:
United States of America	$	3,426,461	$	4,371,180	$	8,626,515	$	8,462,394
Foreign		60,041		13,231		89,847		326,960
	$	3,486,502	$	4,384,411	$	8,716,362	$	8,789,354

Sales to customers outside of the United States are denominated in U.S. dollars. All Company assets are physically located within the United States.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation:

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company has not yet selected a transition method and is currently evaluating the standard and the impact on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The amendments in the ASU require entities that measure inventory using the first-in, first-out or average cost methods to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined as estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. ASU 2015-11 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016 on a prospective basis. This ASU will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2017 and such adoption did not have any impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This ASU simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes by eliminating the requirement for entities to separate deferred tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in classified balance sheets. Instead, it requires deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent in the balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2017 and such adoption did not have any impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The objective of ASU 2016-02 is to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classfied as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of ASU 2016-02 is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The objective of ASU 2016-09 is to reduce the complexity of certain aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions. As a result of this ASU, there are changes to minimum statutory withholding requirements, accounting for forfeitures, and accounting for income taxes. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2017 and elected to account for forfeitures as they occur and has resulted in a credit to stock-based compensation of $256,167 relative to forfeitures during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Clarification on Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments on the Statement of Cash Flows, to create consistency in the classification of eight specific cash flow items. This standard is effective for calendar-year SEC registrants beginning in 2018. The Company is evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash (Topic 230), which amends the existing guidance relating to the disclosure of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within that fiscal year, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-18 on its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718)-Scope of Modification Accounting, to provide guidance on determining which changes to terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2016 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for complete financial statements.

For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

NOTE 3. CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of accounts receivable. Sales to domestic customers are typically made on credit and the Company generally does not require collateral while sales to international customers require payment before shipment or backing by an irrevocable letter or credit. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and maintains an allowance for estimated losses. Accounts are written off when deemed uncollectible and accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $70,000 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

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The Company uses primarily a network of unaffiliated distributors for international sales and employee-based direct sales force for domestic sales. No distributor individually exceeded 10% of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 or June 30, 2016. One individual customer receivable balances exceeded 10% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2017, and totaled $289,499. Two individual customer receivable balances exceeded 10% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2016, and totaled $660,136.

The Company purchases finished circuit boards and other proprietary component parts from suppliers located in the United States and on a limited basis from Asia. Although the Company obtains certain of these components from single source suppliers, it generally owns all tooling and management has located alternative suppliers to reduce the risk in most cases to supplier problems that could result in significant production delays. The Company has not historically experienced significant supply disruptions from any of its principal vendors and does not anticipate future supply disruptions. The Company acquires most of its components on a purchase order basis and does not have long-term contracts with its suppliers.

NOTE 4. INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Raw material and component parts	$	4,529,183		$	4,015,170
Work-in-process		491,504			355,715
Finished goods		7,620,996			7,215,346
Subtotal		12,641,683			11,586,231
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory		(2,326,204	)		(1,999,920	)
Total	$	10,315,479		$	9,586,311

Finished goods inventory includes units held by potential customers and sales agents for test and evaluation purposes. The cost of such units totaled $692,594 and $634,059 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

NOTE 5. FURNITURE, FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT

Furniture, fixtures and equipment consisted of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	Estimated Useful Life		June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment		3-10 years	$	901,232		$	1,074,533
Warehouse and production equipment		3-5 years		502,821			643,250
Demonstration and tradeshow equipment		2-5 years		426,582			451,750
Leasehold improvements		2-5 years		160,198			153,828
Rental equipment		1-3 years		68,095			60,354
Total cost				2,058,928			2,383,715
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization				(1,142,368	)		(1,509,813	)
Net furniture, fixtures and equipment			$	916,560		$	873,902

Depreciation and amortization of furniture, fixtures and equipment aggregated $261,938 and $274,889 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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NOTE 6. SECURED CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES, SUBORDINATED NOTES PAYABLE, AND CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS

2016 Secured Convertible Debentures. Secured Convertible Debentures is comprised of the following:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value	$	3,926,258		$	4,000,000
Less: Current maturities of long-term debt, at fair value		(3,926,258	)		—
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value-long-term	$	—		$	4,000,000

On December 30, 2016, the Company completed a private placement (the “Private Placement”) of $4.0 million in principal amount of the Debentures and common stock warrants (the “Warrants”) to two institutional investors. The Debentures and Warrants were issued pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) between the Company and the purchasers’ signatory thereto (the “Holders”). The Private Placement resulted in gross proceeds of $4.0 million before placement agent fees and other expenses associated with the transaction totaling $281,570, which was expensed as incurred.

The Company elected to account for the Debentures on the fair value basis. Therefore, the Company determined the fair value of the Debentures utilizing Monte Carlo simulation models which yielded an estimated fair value of $4.0 million for the Debentures including their embedded derivatives as of the origination date. No value was allocated to the detachable Warrants as of the origination date because of the relative fair value of the convertible note including its embedded derivative features approximated the gross proceeds of the financing transaction. The change in the fair value of the Debentures between December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017 was $(73,742) and was reflected as a charge in the Condensed Statement of Operations.

Prior to the maturity date, the Debentures bear interest at 8% per annum with interest payable in cash quarterly in arrears on the first business day of each calendar quarter following the issuance date. The Debentures rank senior to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness and are secured by substantially all tangible and certain intangible assets of the Company.

The Debentures are convertible at any time six months after their date of issue at the option of the holders into shares of the Company’s common stock at $5.00 per share (the “Conversion Price”). The Debentures mature on March 30, 2018. The Warrants are exercisable to purchase up to an aggregate of 800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock commencing on the date of issuance at an exercise price of $5.00 per share (the “Exercise Price”). The Warrants will expire on the fifth anniversary of their date of issuance. The Conversion Price and Exercise Price are subject to adjustment upon stock splits, reverse stock splits, and similar capital changes.

The Company has the right, subject to certain limitations, to redeem the Debenture with 30 days advance notice with the redemption amount determined as the sum of (a) 112% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Debenture, (b) accrued but unpaid interest and (c) all liquidated damages and other amounts due in respect of the Debenture, if any.

Additionally, if following the six-month anniversary of the Original Issue Date, the VWAP (volume weighted average price), for each of any ten (10) consecutive trading days exceeds $7.50 per share, the Company has the right, subject to certain limitations, to provide written notice to the Holders to cause them to convert all or part of the then outstanding principal amount of the Debenture plus accrued but unpaid interest.

Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the Debentures bear interest at 18% per annum and a Holder may require the Company to redeem all or a portion of its Debenture. The Company has agreed to maintain a cash balance of $500,000 while the Debentures are outstanding, which is reflected as restricted cash in the accompanying balance sheet. The Holders have agreed to beneficial conversion limitation that effectively blocks either Holder from converting the Debenture or exercising the Warrant to the extent that such conversion or exercise would result in the Holder being the beneficial owner in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election of purchaser, 9.99%), which beneficial ownership limitation may be increased or decreased up to 9.99% upon notice to the Company, provided that any increase in such limitation will not be effective until 61 days following notice to the Company.

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Subordinated Notes Payable. Subordinated notes payable is comprised of the following:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Subordinated notes payable, at par	$	700,000		$	—
Unamortized discount		(288,895	)		—
Total notes payable	$	411,105		$	—

On June 30, 2017, the Company, in two separate transactions, borrowed an aggregate of $700,000 under two unsecured notes payable to private, third-party lenders. The loans were funded on June 30, 2017 and both are represented by promissory notes (the “Notes”) that bear interest at the rate of 8% per annum with principal and accrued interest payable on or before their maturity date of September 30, 2017. The Notes are unsecured and subordinated to all existing and future senior indebtedness, as such term is defined in the Notes.

The Company granted the lenders warrants (the “Warrants”) exercisable to purchase a total of 200,000 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $3.65 per share until June 29, 2022.

The Company allocated $288,895 of the proceeds of the Notes to additional paid-in-capital, which represented the grant date relative fair value of the Warrants for 200,000 common shares issued to the lenders. The discount will be amortized to interest expense ratably over the terms of the Note.

Capital Leases. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable capital leases having terms in excess of one year are as follows:

Year ending December 31:
2017 (period from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017)	$	17,149
2018		8,574
Total future minimum lease payments		25,723
Less amount representing interest		602
Present value of minimum lease payments		25,121
Less current portion		25,121
Capital lease obligations, less current portion	$	—

Assets under capital leases are included in furniture, fixtures and equipment as follows:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment	$	250,843		$	382,928
Less: accumulated amortization		(193,172	)		(294,895	)
Net furniture, fixtures and equipment	$	57,671		$	88,033

NOTE 7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

In accordance with ASC Topic 820 — Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), the Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, liabilities or a group of assets or liabilities, such as a business.

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ASC 820 utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

● Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

● Level 2 — Other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities)

● Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value)

The following table represents the Company’s hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

	June 30, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Secured convertible debentures	$	—	$	—	$	3,926,258	$	3,926,258
Warrant derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	19,357	$	19,357
	$	—	$	—	$	3,945,615	$	3,945,615

	December 31, 2016
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Secured convertible debentures	$	—	$	—	$	4,000,000	$	4,000,000
Warrant derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	33,076	$	33,076
	$	—	$	—	$	4,033,076	$	4,033,076

The following table represents the change in level 3 tier value measurements:

	Warrant derivative liability			Secured convertible debentures			Total
December 31, 2016	$	33,076		$	4,000,000		$	4,033,076
Change in fair value		(13,719	)		(73,742	)		(87,461	)
June 30, 2017	$	19,357		$	3,926,258		$	3,945,615

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NOTE 8. ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued expenses consisted of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Accrued warranty expense	$	180,535	$	374,597
Accrued senior convertible note issuance costs		—		204,000
Accrued sales commissions		32,162		36,389
Accrued payroll and related fringes		344,613		270,781
Accrued insurance		70,140		81,610
Accrued rent		159,025		182,409
Accrued sales returns and allowances		58,810		215,802
Other		201,955		177,141
	$	1,047,240	$	1,542,729

Accrued warranty expense was comprised of the following for the six months ended June 30, 2017:

	2017
Beginning balance	$	374,597
Provision for warranty expense		97,784
Charges applied to warranty reserve		(291,847	)
Ending balance	$	180,535

NOTE 9. INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 varied from the expected statutory rate due to the Company continuing to provide a 100% valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets. The Company determined that it was appropriate to continue the full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2017 primarily because of the current year operating losses.

The valuation allowance on deferred tax assets totaled $24,130,000 and $22,455,000 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The Company records the benefit it will derive in future accounting periods from tax losses and credits and deductible temporary differences as “deferred tax assets.” In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, “Income Taxes,” the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the carrying value of its deferred tax assets if, based on all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

At June 30, 2017, the Company had available approximately $44,200,000 of net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future taxable income generated. Such tax net operating loss carryforwards expire between 2023 and 2037. In addition, the Company had research and development tax credit carryforwards approximating $2,060,000 available as of June 30, 2017, which expire between 2023 and 2037.

The Internal Revenue Code contains provisions under Section 382 which limit a company’s ability to utilize net operating loss carry-forwards in the event that it has experienced a more than 50% change in ownership over a three-year period. Current estimates prepared by the Company indicate that due to ownership changes which have occurred, approximately $765,000 of its net operating loss and $175,000 of its research and development tax credit carryforwards are currently subject to an annual limitation of approximately $1,151,000, but may be further limited by additional ownership changes which may occur in the future. As stated above, the net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards expire between 2023 and 2037, allowing the Company to potentially utilize all of the limited net operating loss carry-forwards during the carryforward period.

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As discussed in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” tax positions are evaluated in a two-step process. The Company first determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If a tax position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, it is then measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Management has identified no tax positions taken that would meet or exceed these thresholds and therefore there are no gross interest, penalties and unrecognized tax expense/benefits that are not expected to ultimately result in payment or receipt of cash in the consolidated financial statements.

The Company’s federal and state income tax returns are closed for examination purposes by relevant statute and by examination for 2012 and all prior tax years.

NOTE 10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases. The Company has several non-cancelable operating lease agreements for office space and warehouse space that expire at various dates through April 2020. The Company has also entered into month-to-month leases for equipment. Rent expense was $99,431 and $99,431 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $198,862 and $198,862, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Following are the minimum lease payments for each year and in total.

Year ending December 31:
2017 (period from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017)	$	223,203
2018		451,248
2019		457,327
2020		154,131
	$	1,285,909

License agreements. The Company has several license agreements whereby it has been assigned the rights to certain licensed materials used in its products. Certain of these agreements require the Company to pay ongoing royalties based on the number of products shipped containing the licensed material on a quarterly basis. Royalty expense related to these agreements aggregated $6,250 and $6,250 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $8,688 and $12,661 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Litigation.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings arising from normal business operations. Although there can be no assurances, based on the information currently available, management believes that it is probable that the ultimate outcome of each of the actions will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial statement of the Company. However, an adverse outcome in certain of the actions could have a material adverse effect on the financial results of the Company in the period in which it is recorded.

Axon Enterprise, Inc. – (Formerly Taser International, Inc.)

The Company owns U.S. Patent No. 8,781,292 (the “ ‘292 Patent”), which is directed to a system that determines when a recording device, such as a law enforcement officer’s body camera or in-car video recorder, begins recording and automatically instructs other recording devices to begin recording. The technology described in the ‘292 Patent is incorporated in the Company’s VuLink product.

The Company received notice in April 2015 that Taser International, Inc., now known as Axon Enterprises, Inc. (“Axon”), had commenced an action in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) for a re-examination of the ‘292 patent. A re-examination is essentially a request that the USPTO review whether the patent should have issued in its present form in view of the “prior art,” e.g., other patents in the same technology field. The prior art used by Axon was from an unrelated third party and was not the result of any of Axon’s own research and development efforts.

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On January 14, 2016 the USPTO ultimately rejected Axon’s efforts and confirmed the validity of the ‘292 Patent with 59 claims covering various aspects of the Company’s auto-activation technology. On February 2, 2016 the USPTO issued another patent relating to the Company’s auto-activation technology for law enforcement cameras. U.S. Patent No. 9,253,452 (the “ ‘452 Patent”) generally covers the automatic activation and coordination of multiple recording devices in response to a triggering event, such as a law enforcement officer activating the light bar on the vehicle.

The Company filed suit on January 15, 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas (Case No: 2:16-cv-02032) against Axon, alleging willful patent infringement against Axon’s body camera product line. The Company later added the ‘452 patent to the suit and is seeking both monetary damages and a permanent injunction against Axon for infringement of both the ‘452 and ‘292 Patents.

In addition to the infringement claims, the Company added a new set of claims to the lawsuit alleging that Axon conspired to keep the Company out of the marketplace by engaging in improper, unethical, and unfair competition. The amended lawsuit alleges Axon bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law. The Company’s lawsuit also seeks monetary and injunctive relief, including treble damages, for these alleged violations.

Axon filed an answer which denied the patent infringement allegations on April 1, 2016. In addition, Axon filed a motion to dismiss all allegations in the complaint on March 4, 2016 for which the Company filed an amended complaint on March 18, 2016 to address certain technical deficiencies in the pleadings. Axon amended and renewed its motion to seek dismissal of the allegations that it had bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law on April 1, 2016. Formal discovery commenced on April 12, 2016 with respect to the patent related claims. In January 2017, the Court granted Axon’s motion to dismiss the portion of the lawsuit regarding claims that it had bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law. The Company has appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and is awaiting its decision.

In December 2016, Axon announced that it had commenced an action in the USPTO for inter partes review (“IPR”) of the Company’s ‘292 Patent. Previously Axon had attempted to invalidate the ‘292 Patent through a re-examination procedure at the USPTO. Axon is again attempting through its recently filed petition to convince the USPTO that Digital Ally’s patents lack patentability. Axon subsequently filed another action for an IPR against the ‘292 Patent and two more petitions against the ‘452 Patent. The USPTO rejected one of Axon’s requests on the ‘292 Patent and instituted an investigation of the other petition. As for the ‘452 Patent, the court rejected both of Axon’s requests on the petition challenging the claims at issue in the lawsuit. Axon is now statutorily precluded from filing any more IPR petitions against either the ‘292 or ‘452 Patents.

The District Court litigation in Kansas has been stayed since the filing of the petitions for IPR, The Court, however, requested an update on the status of the petitions and the Company has provided such an update after the decision was rendered which denied the final ‘452 Patent petition. Because both of Axon’s petitions for an IPR on the ‘452 Patent that related to the claims in the lawsuit were denied, the Company is seeking to lift the stay and proceed with the lawsuit to a trial where the question of infringement and damages can be addressed.

Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video

On May 27, 2016 the Company filed suit against Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video (“WatchGuard”), (Case No. 2:16-cv-02349-JTM-JPO) alleging patent infringement based on WatchGuard’s VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines.

The USPTO has granted multiple patents to the Company with claims covering numerous features, such as automatically activating all deployed cameras in response to the activation of just one camera. Additionally, Digital Ally’s patent claims cover automatic coordination as well as digital synchronization between multiple recording devices. Digital Ally also has patent coverage directed to the coordination between a multi-camera system and an officer’s smartphone, which allows an officer to more readily assess an event on the scene while an event is taking place or immediately after it has occurred.

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The Company’s lawsuit alleges that WatchGuard incorporated this patented technology into its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines without its permission. Specifically, Digital Ally is accusing WatchGuard of infringing three patents: the ‘292 and ‘452 Patents and U.S. Patent No. 9,325,950 the (“ ‘950 Patent”). The Company is aggressively challenging WatchGuard’s infringing conduct, seeking both monetary damages, as well as seeking a permanent injunction preventing WatchGuard from continuing to sell its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines using Digital Ally’s own technology to compete against it. On May 8, 2017, Watchguard filed a petition seeking IPR of the ‘950 Patent. The Company will vigorously oppose that petition. The Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) will not issue a decision on whether to institute until approximately November 2017. The lawsuit has been stayed pending a decision from the USPTO on whether to institute that petition.

Utility Associates, Inc.

On October 25, 2013, the Company filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas (2:13-cv-02550-SAC) to eliminate threats by a competitor, Utility Associates, Inc. (“Utility”), of alleged patent infringement regarding U.S. Patent No. 6,831,556 (the “ ‘556 Patent”). Specifically, the lawsuit seeks a declaration that the Company’s mobile video surveillance systems do not infringe any claim of the ‘556 Patent. The Company became aware that Utility had mailed letters to current and prospective purchasers of its mobile video surveillance systems threatening that the use of such systems purchased from third parties not licensed to the ‘556 Patent would create liability for them for patent infringement. The Company rejected Utility’s assertion and is vigorously defending the right of end-users to purchase such systems from providers other than Utility. The United States District Court for the District of Kansas dismissed the lawsuit because it decided that Kansas was not the proper jurisdictional forum for the dispute. The District Court’s decision was not a ruling on the merits of the case. The Company appealed the decision and the Federal Circuit affirmed the District Court’s previous decision.

In addition, the Company began proceedings to invalidate the ‘556 Patent through a request for IPR of the ‘556 patent at the USPTO. On July 27, 2015, the USPTO invalidated key claims in Utility’s ‘556 Patent. The Final Decision from the USPTO significantly curtails Utility’s ability to threaten law enforcement agencies, municipalities, and others with infringement of the ‘556 Patent. Utility appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit denied Utility’s appeal and therefore confirmed the ruling of the USPTO. This denial of Utility’s appeal finalized the USPTO’s ruling in Digital’s favor and the matter is now concluded.

On June 6, 2014 the Company filed an Unfair Competition lawsuit against Utility in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. In the lawsuit it contends that Utility has defamed the Company and illegally interfered with its contracts, customer relationships and business expectancies by falsely asserting to its customers and others that its products violate the ‘556 Patent, of which Utility claims to be the holder.

The suit also includes claims against Utility for tortious interference with contracts and violation of the Kansas Uniform Trade Secrets Act (KUSTA), arising out of Utility’s employment of the Company’s employees, in violation of that employee’s Non-Competition and Confidentiality agreements with the Company. In addition to damages, the Company seeks temporary, preliminary, and permanent injunctive relief, prohibiting Utility from, among other things, continuing to threaten or otherwise interfere with the Company’s customers. On March 4, 2015, an initial hearing was held upon the Company’s request for injunctive relief.

Based upon facts revealed at the March 4, 2015 hearing, on March 16, 2015, the Company sought leave to amend its Complaint in the Kansas suit to assert additional claims against Utility. Those new claims include claims of actual or attempted monopolization, in violation of § 2 of the Sherman Act, claims arising under a new Georgia statute that prohibits threats of patent infringement in “bad faith,” and additional claims of unfair competition/false advertising in violation of § 63(a) of the Lanham Act. As these statutes expressly provide, the Company will seek treble damages, punitive damages and attorneys’ fees as well as injunctive relief. The Court concluded its hearing on April 22, 2015, and allowed the Company leave to amend its complaint, but denied its preliminary injunction. The discovery stage of the lawsuit expired in May 2016. Utility filed a Motion for Summary Judgment and the Company filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. On March 30, 2017, the Court entered its order granting Utility’s motion and denying the Company’s motion for summary judgment in their entireties. The Company believes the District Court made several errors when ruling on the motions for summary judgment in light of the USPTO’s final decision issued on July 27, 2015 and the various facts and admissions already presented to such Court and is filing an appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.

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On September 13, 2014, Utility filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia against the Company alleging infringement of the ‘556 Patent. The suit was served on the Company on September 20, 2014. As alleged in the Company’s first filed lawsuit described above, the Company believes that the ‘556 Patent is both invalid and not infringed. Further, the USPTO has issued its final decision invalidating 23 of the 25 claims asserted in the ‘556 Patent, as noted above. The Company believes that the suit filed by Utility is without merit and is vigorously defending the claims asserted against the Company. An adverse resolution of the foregoing litigation or patent proceedings could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. The Court stayed all proceedings with respect to this lawsuit pending the outcome of the patent review performed by the USPTO and the appellate court. Based on the USPTO’s final decision to invalidate substantially all claims contained in the ‘556 Patent and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit full denial of Utility’s appeal, the Company intends to file for summary judgment in its favor if Utility does not request outright dismissal.

The Company is also involved as a plaintiff and defendant in ordinary, routine litigation and administrative proceedings incidental to its business from time to time, including customer collections, vendor and employment-related matters. The Company believes the likely outcome of any other pending cases and proceedings will not be material to its business or its financial condition.

Sponsorship. On April 16, 2015 the Company entered into a Title Sponsorship Agreement (the “Agreement”) under which it became the title sponsor for a Web.com Tour golf tournament (the “Tournament”) held annually in the Kansas City Metropolitan area. The Agreement provides the Company with naming rights and other benefits for the 2015 through 2019 annual Tournament in exchange for the following sponsorship fee:

Year	Sponsorship fee
2015	$	375,000
2016	$	475,000
2017	$	475,000
2018	$	500,000
2019	$	500,000

The Company has the right to sell and retain the proceeds from the sale of additional sponsorships, including but not limited to a presenting sponsorship, a concert sponsorship and founding partnerships for the Tournament. The Company recorded a net sponsorship expense of $6,595 and $-0-, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

401 (k) Plan. In July 2008, the Company amended and restated its 401(k) retirement savings plan. The amended plan requires the Company to provide 100% matching contributions for employees who elect to contribute up to 3% of their compensation to the plan and 50% matching contributions for employee’s elective deferrals on the next 2% of their contributions. The Company has made matching contributions totaling $47,055 and $47,453 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $94,326 and $88,711 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Each participant is 100% vested at all times in employee and employer matching contributions.

Consulting and Distributor Agreements. The Company entered into an agreement that requires it to make monthly payments which will be applied to future commissions and/or consulting fees to be earned by the provider. The agreement is with a limited liability company (“LLC”) that is minority owned by a relative of the Company’s chief financial officer. Under the agreement, dated January 15, 2016, the LLC provides consulting services for developing a new distribution channel outside of law enforcement for its body-worn camera and related cloud storage products to customers in the United States. The Company paid the LLC and advance against commissions ranging from $5,000 to $6,000 per month plus necessary and reasonable expenses for a period of one year beginning January 2016, which can be automatically extended based on the LLC achieving minimum sales quotas. The agreement was renewed in January 2017 for a period of three years, subject to yearly minimum sales thresholds that would allow the Company to terminate the contract if such minimums are not met. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had advanced a total of $289,315 pursuant to this agreement.

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NOTE 11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company recorded pretax compensation expense related to the grant of stock options and restricted stock issued of $115,756 and $355,236, for the three ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, and $502,789 and $781,066 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

As of June 30, 2017, the Company had adopted seven separate stock option and restricted stock plans: (i) the 2005 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2005 Plan”), (ii) the 2006 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2006 Plan”), (iii) the 2007 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2007 Plan”), (iv) the 2008 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2008 Plan”), (v) the 2011 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2011 Plan”), (vi) the 2013 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2013 Plan”) and (vii) the 2015 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The 2005 Plan, 2006 Plan, 2007 Plan, 2008 Plan, 2011 Plan, 2013 Plan and 2015 Plan are referred to as the “Plans.”

These Plans permit the grant of stock options or restricted stock to its employees, non-employee directors and others for up to a total of 1,925,000 shares of common stock. The 2005 Plan terminated during 2015 with 28 shares not awarded or underlying options, which shares are now unavailable for issuance. Stock options granted under the 2005 Plan that remain unexercised and outstanding as of June 30, 2017 total 26,813. The 2006 Plan terminated during 2016 with 4,505 shares not awarded or underlying options, which shares are now unavailable for issuance. Stock options granted under the 2006 Plan that remain unexercised and outstanding as of June 30, 2017 total 62,080. The 2007 Plan terminated during 2017 with 48,500 shares not awarded or underlying options, which shares are now unavailable for issuance. Stock options granted under the 2007 Plan that remain unexercised and outstanding as of June 30, 2017 total 41,875.

The Company believes that such awards better align the interests of our employees with those of its stockholders. Option awards have been granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of its stock at the date of grant with such option awards generally vesting based on the completion of continuous service and having ten-year contractual terms. These option awards typically provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the Plans). The Company has registered all shares of common stock that are issuable under its Plans with the SEC. A total of 8,363 shares remained available for awards under the various Plans as of June 30, 2017.

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. There were no stock options issued during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Activity in the various Plans during the six months ended June 30, 2017 is reflected in the following table:

Options	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2017		362,440		$	18.46
Granted		—			—
Exercised		—			—
Forfeited		(52,609	)		(12.02	)
Outstanding at June 30, 2017		309,831		$	19.37
Exercisable at June 30, 2017		301,031		$	19.84
Weighted-average fair value for options granted during the period at fair value		—		$	—

The Plans allow for the cashless exercise of stock options. This provision allows the option holder to surrender/cancel options with an intrinsic value equivalent to the purchase/exercise price of other options exercised. There were no shares surrendered pursuant to cashless exercises during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

At June 30, 2017, the aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding was approximately $-0-, and the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable was approximately $-0-. No options were exercised in the six months ended June 30, 2017.

As of June 30, 2017, the unrecognized portion of stock compensation expense on all existing stock options was $41,163, which will be recognized over the next 3 months.

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The following table summarizes the range of exercise prices and weighted average remaining contractual life for outstanding and exercisable options under the Company’s option plans as of June 30, 2017:

		Outstanding options				Exercisable options
Exercise price range		Number of options		Weighted average remaining contractual life		Number of options		Weighted average remaining contractual life
$	0.01 to $3.99		98,124		7.0 years		89,324		7.0 years
$	4.00 to $6.99		34,125		5.2 years		34,125		5.2 years
$	7.00 to $9.99		18,444		4.2 years		18,444		4.2 years
$	10.00 to $12.99		6,200		1.9 years		6,200		1.9 years
$	13.00 to $15.99		51,438		3.2 years		51,438		3.2 years
$	16.00 to $18.99		—		0.0 years		—		0.0 years
$	19.00 to $29.99		6,500		2.1 years		6,500		2.4 years
$	30.00 to $55.00		95,000		0.5 years		95,000		0.5 years
			309,831		3.8 years		301,031		3.7 years

Restricted stock grants. The Board of Directors has granted restricted stock awards under the Plans. Restricted stock awards are valued on the date of grant and have no purchase price for the recipient. Restricted stock awards typically vest over nine months to four years corresponding to anniversaries of the grant date. Under the Plans, unvested shares of restricted stock awards may be forfeited upon the termination of service to or employment with the Company, depending upon the circumstances of termination. Except for restrictions placed on the transferability of restricted stock, holders of unvested restricted stock have full stockholder’s rights, including voting rights and the right to receive cash dividends.

A summary of all restricted stock activity under the equity compensation plans for the six months ended June 30, 2017 is as follows:

	Number of Restricted shares			Weighted average grant date fair value
Nonvested balance, January 1, 2017		495,300		$	5.75
Granted		200,000			5.10
Vested		(136,750	)		(6.47	)
Forfeited		(9,200	)		(6.47	)
Nonvested balance, June 30, 2017		549,350		$	5.78

The Company estimated the fair market value of these restricted stock grants based on the closing market price on the date of grant. As of June 30, 2017, there were $1,674,139 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to all remaining non-vested restricted stock grants, which will be amortized over the next 42 months in accordance with the respective vesting scale.

The nonvested balance of restricted stock vests as follows:

Year ended December 31,	Number of shares
2017 (July 1 through December 31)		55,300
2018		183,450
2019		289,100
2020		21,500

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NOTE 12. COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANTS

The Company has issued common stock purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) in conjunction with various debt and equity issuances. The Warrants are immediately exercisable and allow the holders to purchase up to 2,579,290 shares of common stock at $3.65 to $16.50 per share as of June 30, 2017. The Warrants expire from July 22, 2017 through June 30, 2022 and allow for cashless exercise.

	Warrants		Weighted average exercise price
Vested Balance, January 1, 2016		2,379,290	$	10.47
Granted		200,000		3.65
Exercised		—		—
Cancelled		—		—
Vested Balance, March 31, 2017		2,579,290	$	9.94

The total intrinsic value of all outstanding Warrants aggregated $-0- as of June 30, 2017 and the weighted average remaining term is 30 months.

The following table summarizes the range of exercise prices and weighted average remaining contractual life for outstanding and exercisable Warrants to purchase common shares as of June 30, 2017:

		Outstanding and exercisable warrants
Exercise price		Number of options		Weighted average remaining contractual life
$	3.65		200,000		5.0 years
$	3.65		12,200		2.2 years
$	5.00		800,000		4.5 years
$	8.50		42,500		1.4 years
$	13.43		639,824		0.1 years
$	13.43		879,766		3.5 years
$	16.50		5,000		3.0 years
			2,379,290		2.5 years

NOTE 13. NET LOSS PER SHARE

The calculations of the weighted average number of shares outstanding and loss per share outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Numerator for basic and diluted income per share – Net loss	$	(2,326,523	)	$	(2,865,084	)	$	(4,359,478	)	$	(5,178,209	)
Denominator for basic loss per share – weighted average shares outstanding		5,679,731			5,319,259			5,654,755			5,282,514
Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock options and warrants outstanding		—			—			—			—
Denominator for diluted loss per share – adjusted weighted average shares outstanding		5,679,731			5,319,259			5,654,755			5,282,514
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	(0.41	)	$	(0.54	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.98	)
Diluted	$	(0.41	)	$	(0.54	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.98	)

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Basic loss per share is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, all outstanding stock options to purchase common stock were antidilutive, and, therefore, not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share.

NOTE 14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On July 6, 2017 and August 3, 2017, the USPTO rendered its final decisions to decline to institute an inter partes reviews (IPR) against Digital Ally’s ‘452 Patent as requested by Axon. These represented Axon’s final attempts to invalidate the claims of Digital Ally’s ‘452 Patent in front of the USPTO. Axon had previously filed petitions for two IPRs against Digital Ally’s ‘452 Patent. On July 6, 2017, the USPTO denied institution of Axon’s first IPR action on the ‘452 Patent, finding that Axon had not established even a reasonable likelihood that the challenged claims would be found unpatentable after completion of an IPR trial. On August 3, 2017, the USPTO issued a decision denying institution of Axon’s second IPR request on the ‘452 Patent. Axon has twice unsuccessfully attempted to invalidate claims in the ‘452 Patent and is now statutorily barred from filing any further IPRs against the ‘452 Patent, as well as against the ‘292 Patent.

In the four IPRs that Axon filed against Digital Ally’s ‘292 and ‘452 Patents, Axon has lost on three of the IPR petitions by failing to persuade the USPTO to even institute a hearing. The result of the fourth IPR, which only challenges certain claims of the ‘292 Patent, has yet to be decided by the USPTO, with a decision expected to be rendered approximately during the first quarter of 2018. For the fourth and only remaining IPR, Digital Ally is vigorously defending Axon’s claims of unpatentability and is looking forward to confirming the uniqueness of its innovation.

The Company held a Special Meeting of its shareholders (the “Special Meeting”) on Monday, August 14, 2017. There were sufficient shares of common stock represented in person or by proxy at the Special Meeting to establish a quorum. The matters voted upon at the Special Meeting and the results of such voting were:

● Ratification of an amendment to its Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of its capital stock that it may issue from 9,375,000 to 25,000,000, of which all 25,000,000 shares shall be classified as common stock; and

● An amendment to the 2015 Digital Ally, Inc. Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance under such Plan by 500,000.

Both matters were ratified/approved at the Special Meeting.

At the 2016 Annual Meeting, the Company reported that the stockholders had voted to approve the amendment of its Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of its capital stock from 25,000,000 to 35,000,000, of which 10,000,000 shares would be classified as Blank Check Preferred (the “Blank Check Preferred Amendment”). On June 24, 2016, the Company filed the Blank Check Preferred Amendment with the Nevada Secretary of State, and it became effective the same day. A question was recently raised regarding the validity of the vote taken on the Blank Check Preferred Amendment. Upon investigation, the Company determined that there was a problem with the vote taken respecting the Blank Check Preferred Amendment. Accordingly, the Company will make appropriate filings with the Nevada Secretary of State to rescind the Blank Check Preferred Amendment. It is important to note in this connection that the Company has not issued, or committed to issue, any shares of the Blank Check Preferred.

*************************************

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.

This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “will,” “plan,” “future,” “continue,” and other expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and that do not relate to historical matters identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based largely on our expectations or forecasts of future events, can be affected by inaccurate assumptions, and are subject to various business risks and known and unknown uncertainties, a number of which are beyond our control. Therefore, actual results could differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this document, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. A wide variety of factors could cause or contribute to such differences and could adversely impact revenues, profitability, cash flows and capital needs. There can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements contained in this document will, in fact, transpire or prove to be accurate.

Factors that could cause or contribute to our actual results differing materially from those discussed herein or for our stock price to be adversely affected include, but are not limited to: (1) our losses in recent years, including fiscal 2016 and 2017, and our ability to pay the Debentures and Notes when due; (2) macro-economic risks from the effects of the decrease in budgets for the law-enforcement community; (3) our ability to increase revenues, increase our margins and return to consistent profitability in the current economic and competitive environment; (4) our operation in developing markets and uncertainty as to market acceptance of our technology and new products; (5) the availability of funding from federal, state and local governments to facilitate the budgets of law enforcement agencies, including the timing, amount and restrictions on such funding; (6) our ability to deliver our new product offerings as scheduled and have such new products perform as planned or advertised; (7) whether there will be commercial markets, domestically and internationally, for one or more of our newer products, and the degree to which the interest shown in our products, including the DVM-800 HD, FirstVU HD, VuLink, VuVault.net, FleetVU and MicroVU HD, will translate into sales during 2017; (8) our ability to maintain or expand our share of the market for our products in the domestic and international markets in which we compete, including increasing our international revenues to their historical levels; (9) our ability to produce our products in a cost-effective manner; (10) competition from larger, more established companies with far greater economic and human resources; (11) our ability to attract and retain quality employees; (12) risks related to dealing with governmental entities as customers; (13) our expenditure of significant resources in anticipation of sales due to our lengthy sales cycle and the potential to receive no revenue in return; (14) characterization of our market by new products and rapid technological change; (15) our dependence on sales of our DVM-800, DVM-800 HD, FirstVU, First VU HD and DVM-250 products; (16) potential that stockholders may lose all or part of their investment if we are unable to compete in our markets and return to profitability; (17) defects in our products that could impair our ability to sell our products or could result in litigation and other significant costs; (18) our dependence on key personnel; (19) our reliance on third party distributors and sales representatives for part of our marketing capability; (20) our dependence on a few manufacturers and suppliers for components of our products and our dependence on domestic and foreign manufacturers for certain of our products; (21) our ability to protect technology through patents and to protect our proprietary technology and information as trade secrets and through other similar means; (22) our ability to generate more recurring cloud and service revenues; (23) risks related to our license arrangements; (24) our revenues and operating results may fluctuate unexpectedly from quarter to quarter; (25) sufficient voting power by coalitions of a few of our larger stockholders, including directors and officers, to make corporate governance decisions that could have significant effect on us and the other stockholders; (26) sale of substantial amounts of our common stock that may have a depressive effect on the market price of the outstanding shares of our common stock; (27) possible issuance of common stock subject to options and warrants that may dilute the interest of stockholders; (28) our ability to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Section 404 as it may be required; (29) our nonpayment of dividends and lack of plans to pay dividends in the future; (30) future sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock that could depress the trading price of our common stock, lower our value and make it more difficult for us to raise capital; (31) our additional securities available for issuance, which, if issued, could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock; (32) our stock price is likely to be highly volatile due to a number of factors, including a relatively limited public float; (33) whether the legal actions that the Company is taking or has taken against Utility Associates, Axon and WatchGuard will achieve their intended objectives; (34) whether the USPTO rulings will curtail, eliminate or otherwise have an effect on the actions of Axon and Utility Associates respecting us, our products and customers; (35) whether the remaining two claims under the ‘556 Patent have applicability to us or our products; and (36) whether our patented VuLink technology is becoming the de-facto “standard” for agencies engaged in deploying state-of-the-art body-worn and in-car camera systems; (37) whether such technology will have a significant impact on our revenues in the long-term; and (38) indemnification of our officers and directors.

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Current Trends and Recent Developments for the Company

Overview

We supply technology-based products utilizing our portable digital video and audio recording capabilities, for the law enforcement and security industries and for the commercial fleet and mass transit markets. We have the ability to integrate electronic, radio, computer, mechanical, and multi-media technologies to create unique solutions to our customers’ requests. We began shipping our flagship digital video mirror product in March 2006. We have developed additional products to complement our original in-car digital video products, including an array of in-car digital video mirrors (the DVM-100, DVM-400, DVM-800, DVM-800 HD and MicroVU HD), and body worn camera (FirstVU HD) products designed for law enforcement usage. In recent years we have launched the following products: the FirstVU HD; DVM-800; the DVM-800 HD; the MicroVU HD; the patented VuLink product which integrates our body-worn cameras with our in-car systems by providing hands-free automatic activation; and a commercial line of digital video mirrors (the DVM-250 and DVM-250 Plus) that serve as “event recorders” for the commercial fleet and mass transit markets in order to expand our customer base beyond the traditional law enforcement agencies. We have additional research and development projects that we anticipate will result in several new product launches in 2017. We believe that the launch of these new products will help to diversify and broaden the market for our product offerings.

We experienced operating losses for all of the quarters during 2017 and 2016. The following is a summary of our recent operating results on a quarterly basis:

		June 30, 2017			March 31, 2017			December 31, 2016			September 30, 2016			June 30, 2016			March 31, 2016
Total revenue	$	3,486,502		$	5,229,860		$	3,445,610		$	4,339,527		$	4,384,411		$	4,404,943
Gross profit		1,173,216			2,276,849			148,807			2,033,571			1,265,236			1,853,619
Gross profit margin percentage		33.7	%		43.5	%		4.3	%		46.9	%		28.9	%		42.1	%
Total selling, general and administrative expenses		3,665,813			4,079,062			4,162,802			5,275,212			4,157,893			4,191,514
Operating loss		(2,492,597	)		(1,802,213	)		(4,013,995	)		(3,241,641	)		(2,892,657	)		(2,337,895	)
Operating income percentage		(71.5	)%		(34.5	)%		(116.5	)%		(74.7	)%		(66.0	)%		(53.1	)%
Net loss	$	(2,326,523	)	$	(2,032,955	)	$	(4,276,900	)	$	(3,255,579	)	$	(2,865,084	)	$	(2,313,125	)

Our business is subject to substantial fluctuations on a quarterly basis as reflected in the significant variations in revenues and operating results in the above table. These variations result from various factors, including but not limited to: 1) the timing of large individual orders; 2) the traction gained by our newer products, such as the DVM-800 HD, FirstVU HD and FleetVU; 3) production, quality and other supply chain issues affecting our cost of goods sold; 4) unusual increases in operating expenses, such as our sponsorship of the Digital Ally Open golf tournament, the timing of trade shows and bonus compensation; and 5) litigation and related expenses respecting outstanding lawsuits. We reported an operating loss of $2,492,597 on revenues of $3,486,502 for second quarter 2017, which continued a series of quarterly losses resulting from competitive pressures, product quality control issues and product warranty issues, and infringement of our patents by direct competitors such as Axon and Watchguard that reduced our revenues and that hurt our gross margins.

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There have been a number of factors and trends affecting our recent performance, which include:

● Revenues decreased in second quarter 2017 to $3,486,502 from $5,229,860 in first quarter 2017, $3,445,610 in fourth quarter 2016, $4,339,527 in third quarter 2016 and $4,384,411 in second quarter 2016. The primary reason for the revenue decrease is the halt of deliveries under the AMR contract, which was expected to generate significant revenues in the second quarter. Deliveries under the AMR contract were placed on hold after AMR experienced two accidents involving the loss of life in vehicles equipped with our DVM-250’s. AMR has alleged that the DVM-250 units in those vehicles failed to record the accidents. We have not been given the opportunity to perform diagnostic or other tests on the DVM-250 units involved to determine whether the video could be retrieved and the performance of the units under the circumstances. Management is hopeful that deliveries will resume under the contract during the remainder of 2017; however, there can be no assurance that deliveries will resume and if they resume, when and at what pace.

● Recognizing a critical limitation in law enforcement camera technology, during 2014 we pioneered the development of our VuLink ecosystem that provided intuitive auto-activation functionality as well as coordination between multiple recording devices. The USPTO has recognized these pioneering efforts by granting us multiple patents with claims covering numerous features, such as automatically activating an officer’s cameras when the light bar is activated or a data-recording device such as a smart weapon is activated. Additionally, our patent claims cover automatic coordination between multiple recording devices. Prior to this work, officers were forced to manually activate each device while responding to emergency scenarios - a requirement that both decreased the usefulness of the existing camera systems and diverted officers’ attention during critical moments. We believe law enforcement agencies have recognized the value of our VuLink technology and a trend is developing where the agencies are seeking information on “auto-activation” features in requests for bids and requests for information involving the procurement process of body-worn cameras and in-car systems. We believe this trend may result in our patented VuLink technology becoming the de-facto “standard” for agencies engaged in deploying state-of-the-art body-worn and in-car camera systems. We expect that this technology will have a significant positive impact on our revenues in the long-term, particularly if we are successful in our prosecution of the patent infringement litigation currently pending with Axon and Watchguard, although we can make no assurances in this regard.

● Service and other revenues increased 48% in the six months ended June 30, 2017 from the six months ended June 30, 2016. We are concentrating on expanding our recurring service revenue to help stabilize our revenues on a quarterly basis. Revenues from extended warranty services increased approximately $177,000 in 2017. Additionally, installation service and cloud storage revenues increased approximately $147,000 and $83,000, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 2016. We are pursuing several new market channels that do not involve our traditional law enforcement and private security customers. If successful, we believe that these new market channels could yield substantial recurring service revenues for us in 2017 and beyond. We are testing a new revenue model that involves the long-term lease of our body-worn and/or in-car hardware, together with a monthly subscription for our cloud storage, search and archiving services for the underlying audio and video material. This new service revenue model could have a substantial impact on our revenues and improve the stability of our quarter-to-quarter revenues and operating results, although we can make no assurances in this regard. We believe this service revenue model may appeal to our customers, in particular our commercial and other non-law enforcement customers, because it reduces the initial capital outlay and eliminates repairs and maintenance in exchange for making level monthly payments for the utilization of the equipment, data storage and management services.

● Our newer products, including the DVM-800 and FirstVU HD, contributed 60% of total sales for the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to 62% for the six months ended June 30, 2016. We have recently announced the launch of the DVM-800 HD in-car video system, which we believe will give us a competitive advantage in the market. The DVM-800 HD system provides full 1080P high definition video at a cost-effective price point. In addition, our commercial event recorders (DVM-250 Plus) increased from 7% to 12% of total revenues.

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● Our international revenues decreased to $89,847 (1% of total revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $326,960 (4% of total revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2016. Our 2017 revenues have been disappointing after several positive quarters in 2016; however, the international sales cycle generally takes longer than domestic business and we have provided bids to a number of international customers. We also believe that our new products may appeal to international customers, in particular the DVM-800 HD and FirstVU HD, although we can make no assurances in this regard.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet debt nor did we have any transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations) or other relationships with any unconsolidated entities or other persons that may have material current or future effect on financial conditions, changes in the financial conditions, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenue or expenses.

We are a party to operating leases, title sponsorship, and license agreements that represent commitments for future payments (described in Note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements) and we have issued purchase orders in the ordinary course of business that represent commitments to future payments for goods and services.

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016

Results of Operations

Summarized immediately below and discussed in more detail in the subsequent subsections is an analysis of our operating results for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, represented as a percentage of total revenues for each respective year:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016
Revenue		100	%		100	%
Cost of revenue		66	%		71	%
Gross profit		34	%		29	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Research and development expense		24	%		19	%
Selling, advertising and promotional expense		27	%		23	%
Stock-based compensation expense		4	%		8	%
General and administrative expense		50	%		45	%
Total selling, general and administrative expenses		105	%		95	%
Operating loss		(71	%)		(66	%)
Change in fair value of secured notes payable		6	%		—	%
Change in warrant derivative liabilities		—	%		—	%
Other income and interest expense, net		(2	%)		1	%
Loss before income tax benefit		(67	%)		(65	%)
Income tax (provision)		—	%		—	%
Net loss		(67	%)		(65	%)
Net loss per share information:
Basic	$	(0.41	)	$	(0.54	)
Diluted	$	(0.41	)	$	(0.54	)

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Revenues

Our current product offerings include the following:

Product	Description	Retail Price
DVM-750	An in-car digital audio/video system that is integrated into a rear view mirror primarily designed for law enforcement customers. We offer local storage as well as cloud storage solutions to manage the recorded evidence. We charge a monthly storage fee for our cloud storage option and a one-time fee for the local storage option.	$	3,995
MicroVU HD	A compact in-car digital audio/video system that records in high definition primarily designed for law enforcement customers. This system uses an internal fixed focus camera that records in high definition quality.	$	2,595
DVM-100	An in-car digital audio/video system that is integrated into a rear view mirror primarily designed for law enforcement customers. This system uses an integrated fixed focus camera.	$	1,895
DVM-400	An in-car digital audio/video system that is integrated into a rear view mirror primarily designed for law enforcement customers. This system uses an external zoom camera.	$	2,795
DVM-250 Plus	An in-car digital audio/video system that is integrated into a rear view mirror primarily designed for commercial fleet customers. We offer a web-based, driver management and monitoring analytics package for a monthly service fee that is available for our DVM-250 customers.	$	1,295
DVM-800 HD	An in-car digital audio/video system which records in full 1080P high definition video that is integrated into a rear view mirror primarily designed for law enforcement customers. This system can use an internal fixed focus camera or two external cameras for a total of four video streams. We also offer the Premium Package which has additional warranty and retails for $4,795. We offer local storage as well as cloud storage solutions to manage the recorded evidence. We charge a monthly storage fee for our cloud storage option and a one-time fee for the local storage option.	$	4,295
DVM-800	An in-car digital audio/video system which records in 480P standard definition video that is integrated into a rear view mirror primarily designed for law enforcement customers. This system can use an internal fixed focus camera or two external cameras for a total of four video streams. We also offer the Premium Package which has additional warranty and retails for $3,995. We offer local storage as well as cloud storage solutions to manage the recorded evidence. We charge a monthly storage fee for our cloud storage option and a one-time fee for the local storage option.	$	3,495
Laser Ally	A hand-held mobile speed detection and measurement device that uses light beams rather than sound waves to measure the speed of vehicles.	$	1,995
FirstVU HD	A body-worn digital audio/video camera system primarily designed for law enforcement customers. We also offer a cloud based evidence storage and management solution for our FirstVU HD customers for a monthly service fee.	$	595
VuLink	An in-car device that enables an in-car digital audio/video system and a body worn digital audio/video camera system to automatically and simultaneously start recording.	$	495

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We sell our products and services to law enforcement and commercial customers in the following manner:

● Sales to domestic customers are made directly to the end customer (typically a law enforcement agency or a commercial .customer) through our sales force, comprised of our employees. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the end customer.

● Sales to international customers are made through independent distributors who purchase products from us at a wholesale price and sell to the end user (typically law enforcement agencies or a commercial customer) at a retail price. The distributor retains the margin as its compensation for its role in the transaction. The distributor generally maintains product inventory, customer receivables and all related risks and rewards of ownership. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the distributor consistent with the terms of the distribution agreement.

● Repair parts and services for domestic and international customers are generally handled by our inside customer service employees. Revenue is recognized upon shipment of the repair parts and acceptance of the service or materials by the end customer.

We may discount our prices on specific orders based upon the size of the order, the specific customer and the competitive landscape. We believe that our systems are at least comparable to those of our principal competitors and are generally lower priced when considering comparable features and capabilities.

Revenues for the second quarters of 2017 and 2016 were derived from the following sources:

	Three months ended June 30,
	2017			2016
DVM-800		51	%		47	%
FirstVU HD		10	%		15	%
DVM- 250 Plus		9	%		9	%
Cloud service revenue		3	%		1	%
DVM-750		2	%		9	%
VuLink		2	%		2	%
DVM-100 & 400		1	%		1	%
Repair and service		7	%		5	%
Accessories and other revenue		15	%		11	%
		100	%		100	%

Product revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were $3,035,810 and $4,045,373, respectively, a decrease of $1,009,563 (25%), due to the following factors:

● We shipped four individual orders in excess of $100,000, for a total of approximately $620,000 in revenue and deferred revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to four individual orders in excess of $100,000, for a total of approximately $1,352,000 in revenue and deferred revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2016. Our average order size decreased to approximately $2,430 in the three months ended June 30, 2017 from $2,960 during the three months ended June 30, 2016. Our DVM-800 in-car video product represented 51% of total revenues and are sold at lower retail pricing levels compared to our legacy products. For certain opportunities that involve multiple units and/or multi-year contracts, we have occasionally discounted our products to gain or retain market share and revenues.

● We have recently announced the launch of the DVM-800 HD in-car video system, which we believe will give us a competitive advantage in the market. The DVM-800 HD system provides full 1080P high definition video at a cost-effective price point that is competitive feature wise with our competitor’s products but at a better price-point.

● Our international revenues increased to $60,041 (2% of total revenues) during second quarter 2017, compared to $13,231 (less than 1% of total revenues) during second quarter 2016. Our second quarter 2017 revenues were disappointing; however, the international sales cycle generally takes longer than domestic business and we have provided bids to a number of international customers. We also believe that our new products may appeal to international customers, in particular the DVM-800 HD and FirstVU HD, although we can make no assurances in this regard.

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Service and other revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were $429,692 and $339,038, respectively, an increase of $90,654 (27%), due to the following factors:

● Cloud revenues were $92,398 and $31,248 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $61,150 (196%).We have seen increased interest in our cloud solutions for law enforcement and several of our commercial customers have implemented our FleetVU and asset tracking solutions, which contributed to our increased cloud revenues in 2017. We believe the trend of increased cloud service revenues will continue for the balance of 2017 because AMR awarded us the FleetVU manager cloud storage contract for DVM-250 systems in early 2017 and an increasing number of other commercial customers have elected to utilize our recurring service fee-based FleetVu and asset tracking solutions.

● Revenues from extended warranty services were $208,016 and $120,111 the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $87,905 (73%). We have many customers that have purchased extended warranty packages, primarily in our DVM-800 premium service program, and we expect the trend of increased revenues from these services to continue throughout 2017.

Total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were $3,486,502 and $4,384,411, respectively, a decrease of $897,909 (20%), due to the reasons noted above.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of product revenue on units sold for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1,959,274 and $2,826,213, respectively, a decrease of $866,939 (31%). The decrease in cost of goods sold is commensurate with the 25% decrease in product revenues coupled with product cost of sales as a percentage of revenues decreasing to 64% during the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 70% for the three months ended June 30, 2016. In second quarter 2016 we became aware of workmanship issues on our PCB boards affecting our FirstVU HD product that required us to inspect all PCB boards and replace those exhibiting contamination issues. We incurred total charges to product cost of sales approximating $650,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2016. This contamination issue was resolved in 2016 and we did not incur similar charges in 2017.

Cost of service and other revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $354,012 and $292,962, respectively, an increase of $61,050 (21%). The increase in service and other cost of goods sold is commensurate with the 27% increase in service and other revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to June 30, 2016.

Total cost of sales as a percentage of revenues decreased to 66% during the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 71% for the three months ended June 30, 2016. We believe our gross margins will return to more normal levels in future quarters if we improve revenue levels and reduce product warranty issues.

We had $2,326,204 and $1,999,920 in reserves for obsolete and excess inventories at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Total raw materials and component parts were $4,529,183 and $4,015,170 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, an increase of $514,013 (13%). The increase in raw materials was mostly in refurbished parts for FirstVU HD products. Finished goods balances were $7,620,996 and $7,215,346 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, an increase of $405,650 (6%). The increase in finished goods was primarily in the FirstVU HD and DVM 250 products. The increase in the inventory reserve is primarily due to the change in sales mix of our products, which has resulted in a higher level of excess component parts of the older versions of our PCB boards and legacy products. Additionally, we increased our reserves on selected refurbished and items requiring repair during the six months ended June 30, 2017. We believe the reserves are appropriate given our inventory levels at June 30, 2017.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1,173,216 and $1,265,236, respectively, a decrease of $92,020 (7%). The decrease is commensurate with the 20% decrease in revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2017 offset by cost of sales as a percentage of revenues decreasing to 66% during the three months ended June 30, 2017 from 71% for the six months ended June 30, 2016. We believe that gross margins will improve during the remainder of 2017 because we have corrected the quality control and other warranty related issues affecting our FirstVU HD product during recent quarters. Our goal is to improve our margins to 60% over the longer term based on the expected margins of our newer products, in particular the DVM-800, DVM-800 HD and FirstVU HD, as they continue to gain traction in the marketplace and we increase our commercial market penetration in 2017. In addition, as revenues from these products increase, we will seek to further improve our margins from them through economies of scale and more efficiently utilizing fixed manufacturing overhead components. We plan to continue our initiative on more efficient management of our supply chain through outsourcing production, quantity purchases and more effective purchasing practices.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $3,665,813 and $4,157,893 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $492,080 (12%). Overall selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales increased to 105% in 2017 compared to 95% in the same period in 2016. The significant components of selling, general and administrative expenses are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016
Research and development expense	$	846,460	$	813,150
Selling, advertising and promotional expense		952,312		1,003,507
Stock-based compensation expense		115,756		355,236
Professional fees and expense		351,714		484,254
Executive, sales and administrative staff payroll		684,493		843,598
Other		715,078		658,148
Total	$	3,665,813	$	4,157,893

Research and development expense. We continue to focus on bringing new products to market, including updates and improvements to current products. Our research and development expenses totaled $846,460 and $813,150 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $33,310 (4%). We employed a total of 35 engineers at June 30, 2017 compared to 31 engineers at June 30, 2016, most of whom are dedicated to research and development activities for new products. We are increasing our engineering staff of web-based developers as we expand our offerings to include, among other items, cloud-based evidence storage and management for our law enforcement customers (VuVault.net) and our web-based commercial fleet driver monitoring and management tool (FleetVU Manager). Research and development expenses as a percentage of total revenues were 24% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 19% for the three months ended June 30, 2016. We have active research and development projects on several new products, as well as upgrades to our existing product lines. We consider our research and development capabilities and new product focus to be a competitive advantage and will continue to invest in this area on a prudent basis.

Selling, advertising and promotional expenses. Selling, advertising and promotional expense totaled $952,312 and $1,003,507 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $51,195 (5%). Salesman salaries and commissions represents the primary components of these costs and were $809,259 and $808,563 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $696 (-0-%). We have increased the number of salesman in 2017 compared to 2016, in particular in our commercial sales channel. The effective commission rate was 23.2% and 18.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Promotional and advertising expenses totaled $143,053 during the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $194,944 during the three months ended June 30, 2016, a decrease of $51,891 (27%). The Company is decreasing the number of trade shows attended during 2017 as it has lost some of its confidence in the efficiency and effectiveness of many of the lesser attended trade shows.

Stock-based compensation expense. Stock based compensation expense totaled $115,756 and $355,236 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $239,480 (67%). In 2017, the Company adopted the new accounting standard issued by the FASB to reduce the complexity of accounting for stock compensation and elected to account for stock option forfeitures as they occur. For the three months ended June 30, 2017 there were 50,000 stock options that expired and were forfeited, which decreased stock compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 2016. Additionally, the amortization of the restricted stock granted during 2017 and 2016 to our officers, directors, and other employees when the general market price of our common stock was lower also had the effect of decreasing the stock compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 2016.

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Professional fees and expense. Professional fees and expenses totaled $351,714 and $484,254 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $132,540 (27%). The decrease in professional fees and expenses in the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 2016 is primarily attributable to lower litigation expenses related to the Utility, Axon and WatchGuard lawsuits. These matters continue and the reduced litigation charges are generally due to timing issues in the litigation although the Axon and Watchguard lawsuits were both under a stay order pending final USPTO rulings on the various IPR requests which have largely been ruled in our favor. We expect litigation expense to trend higher during the remainder of 2017 as we appeal in the court’s summary motion ruling on the Utility lawsuit and the USPTO rules on the IPR requests in the Axon and WatchGuard lawsuits and the stays are lifted. We intend to pursue recovery from Utility, Axon, WatchGuard, their insurers and other responsible parties as appropriate.

Executive, sales and administrative staff payroll. Executive, sales and administrative staff payroll expenses totaled $684,493 and $843,598 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $159,105 (19%). The primary reason for the decrease in executive, sales and administrative staff payroll was a reduction of $120,000 in executive bonuses and the reclassification of certain technical support personnel to generate direct installation and other service revenues in the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to June 30, 2016. We have increased our technical support staff in recent quarters to handle field inquiries and requests for product installation services because our installed customer base has expanded and additional technical support and marketing was required for our new products, such as the DVM-800 and FirstVU HD. In recent quarters, certain members of our technical support staff have been reclassified to direct services for product installation and other services for our customers and their respective payroll related expenses are now being charged to service cost of sales in 2017 compared to 2016.

Other. Other selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $715,078 and $658,148 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $56,930 (9%). The increase in other expenses in the second quarter 2017 compared to the second quarter 2016 is primarily attributable to increased health insurance premiums for our associates.

Operating Loss

For the reasons previously stated, our operating loss was $2,492,597 and $2,892,657 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an improvement of $400,060 (14%). Operating loss as a percentage of revenues increased to 71% in 2017 from 66% in 2016.

Interest Income

Interest income decreased to $3,797 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 from $7,198 in 2016.

Interest Expense

We incurred interest expense of $80,436 and $907 during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. We issued an aggregate of $4.0 million principal amount of Debentures on December 30, 2016 which bore interest at the rate of 8% per annum that remained outstanding at June 30, 2017. No similar interest bearing debt was outstanding during the 2016 period.

Change in Warrant Derivative Liabilities

Detachable warrants exercisable to purchase a total of 398,916 common shares, as adjusted, were issued in conjunction with $2.0 million and $4.0 million Secured Convertible Notes during March and August 2014. The warrants were required to be treated as derivative liabilities because of their anti-dilution and down-round provisions. Accordingly, we estimated the fair value of such warrants as of their respective date of issuance and recorded a corresponding derivative liability in the balance sheet. Upon exercise of the warrants we recognized a gain/loss based on the closing market price of the underlying common stock on the date of exercise. In addition, the warrant derivative liability is adjusted to the estimated fair value of any unexercised warrants as of December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017. There remained warrants outstanding exercisable to purchase 12,200 shares of common stock at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017 and the warrant derivative liability balance was $33,076 at December 31, 2016 and $19,357 at June 30, 2017.

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The changes in the fair value of the warrant derivatives related to unexercised warrants resulted in a gain of $13,114 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to a gain of $21,282 for the three months ended June 30, 2016.

Change in Fair Value of Secured Convertible Notes Payable

We elected to account for the $4.0 million principal amount of Debentures outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 on their fair value basis. Therefore, we determined the fair value of the Debentures utilizing Monte Carlo simulation models which yielded an estimated fair value of $3,926,258 and $4,000,000 for the Debentures including their embedded derivatives as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. No value was allocated to the detachable Warrants as of the origination date because of the relative fair value of the Debentures including its embedded derivative features approximated the gross proceeds of the financing transaction. The fair value of the Debentures was $3,926,258 at June 30, 2017 representing a fair value change of $229,599 from March 31, 2017, which was recognized as income in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three months ended June 30, 2017.

Loss before Income Tax Benefit

As a result of the above, we reported a loss before income tax benefit of $2,326,523 and $2,865,084 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an improvement of $538,561 (19%).

Income Tax Benefit

We did not record an income tax benefit related to our losses for the three months ended June 30, 2017 due to our overall net operating loss carryforwards available. We have further determined to continue providing a full valuation reserve on our net deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2017. During 2017, we increased our valuation reserve on deferred tax assets by $1,675,000 whereby our deferred tax assets continue to be fully reserved due to our recent operating losses.

We had approximately $44,200,000 of net operating loss carryforwards and $2,060,000 of research and development tax credit carryforwards as of June 30, 2017 available to offset future net taxable income.

Net Loss

As a result of the above, we reported net losses of $2,326,523 and $2,865,084 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, improvement of $538,561 (19%).

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

The basic and diluted loss per share was $0.41 and $0.54 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the reasons previously noted. All outstanding stock options were considered antidilutive and therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 because of the net loss reported for each period.

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For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016

Results of Operations

Summarized immediately below and discussed in more detail in the subsequent subsections is an analysis of our operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, represented as a percentage of total revenues for each respective year:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016
Revenue		100	%		100	%
Cost of revenue		60	%		65	%
Gross profit		40	%		35	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Research and development expense		19	%		18	%
Selling, advertising and promotional expense		23	%		22	%
Stock-based compensation expense		6	%		9	%
General and administrative expense		41	%		46	%
Total selling, general and administrative expenses		89	%		95	%
Operating loss		(49	%)		(60	%)
Change in fair value of secured notes payable		1	%		—%
Change in warrant derivative liabilities		—%			1	%
Other income and interest expense, net		(2	%)		—%
Loss before income tax benefit		(50	%)		(59	%)
Income tax benefit		—%			—%
Net loss		(50	%)		(59	%)
Net loss per share information:
Basic	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.98	)
Diluted	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.98	)

Revenues for the six months ended 2017 and 2016, respectively, were derived from the following sources:

	Six months ended June 30,
	2017			2016
DVM-800		48	%		45	%
FirstVU HD		12	%		17	%
DVM-250 Plus		12	%		7	%
DVM-750		2	%		6	%
DVM-100 & DVM-400		2	%		3	%
DVM-500 Plus		—	%		2	%
VuLink		2	%		2	%
Cloud service revenue		2	%		1	%
Repair and service		7	%		5	%
Accessories and other revenues		13	%		12	%
		100	%		100	%

Our commercial event recorders (DVM-250 Plus) increased from 7% to 12% of total revenues, which trend is expected to continue because of the appeal of our FleetVU driver management and monitoring tool.

Product revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were $7,742,170 and $8,132,287, respectively, a decrease of $390,117 (5%), due to the following factors:

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● Our commercial event recorder revenues were significantly better in the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 2016. In early 2017 we were awarded the AMR contract for 1,550 DVM-250 systems, as well as FleetVU manager cloud storage and system implementation, which had a positive impact on revenues. Management had expected more substantial increases in our commercial event recorder revenues given the AMR contract which was awarded in early 2017. Deliveries under the AMR contract were placed on hold after AMR experienced two accidents involving the loss of life in vehicles equipped with our DVM-250’s. AMR has alleged that the DVM-250 units in those vehicles failed to record the accidents. We have not been given the opportunity to perform diagnostic or other tests on the DVM-250 units involved to determine whether the video could be retrieved and the performance of the units under the circumstances. Management is hopeful that deliveries will resume under the contract during the remainder of 2017; however, there can be no assurance that deliveries will resume and if they resume, when and at what pace.

● We shipped eight individual orders in excess of $100,000, for a total of approximately $2,178,000 in revenue and deferred revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to five individual orders in excess of $100,000, for a total of approximately $1,458,000 in revenue and deferred revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2016. Our average order size increased to approximately $2,875 in the six months ended June 30, 2017 from $2,850 during the six months ended June 30, 2016. Our newer mirror-based products include the DVM-800 and DVM-800 HD, which are sold at lower retail pricing levels compared to our legacy products. For certain opportunities that involve multiple units and/or multi-year contracts, we have occasionally discounted our products to gain or retain market share and revenues.

● We have recently announced the launch of the DVM-800 HD in-car video system, which we believe will give us a competitive advantage in the market. The DVM-800 HD system provides full 1080P high definition video at a cost-effective price point that is competitive feature wise with our competitor’s products but at a better price-point.

● Our international revenues decreased to $89,847 (1% of total revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2017, compared to $326,960 (4% of total revenues) during the six months ended June 30, 2016. Our 2017 revenues have been disappointing after several positive quarters in 2016; however, the international sales cycle generally takes longer than domestic business and we have provided bids to a number of international customers. We also believe that our new products may appeal to international customers, in particular the DVM-800 HD and FirstVU HD, although we can make no assurances in this regard.

Service and other revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were $974,192 and $657,067, respectively, an increase of $317,125 (48%), due to the following factors:

● Cloud revenues were $141,946 and $58,768 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $83,178 (142%).We have seen increased interest in our cloud solutions for law enforcement and several of our commercial customers have implemented our FleetVU and asset tracking solutions, which contributed to our increased cloud revenues in 2017. We believe the trend of increased cloud service revenues will continue for the balance of 2017 because AMR awarded us the FleetVU manager cloud storage contract for DVM-250 systems in early 2017 and an increasing number of other commercial customers have elected to utilize our recurring service fee-based FleetVu and asset tracking solutions. Revenues from extended warranty services were $402,354 and $225,337 the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $177,017 (79%). We have many customers that have purchased extended warranty packages, primarily in our DVM-800 premium service program, and we expect the trend of increased revenues from these services to continue throughout 2017.

● Installation service revenues were $146,860 and $-0- for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in 2017 was primarily due to the contract awarded in early 2017 for the installation of 1,550 three-camera DVM-250 systems, most of which were installed in the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were $8,716,362 and $8,789,354, respectively, a decrease of $72,992 (1%), due to the reasons noted above.

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Cost of Revenue

Cost of product revenue on units sold for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $4,733,311 and $5,252,258, respectively, a decrease of $518,947 (10%). The decrease in cost of goods sold is commensurate with the 5% decrease in product revenues coupled with product cost of sales as a percentage of revenues decreasing to 61% in 2017 from 65% in 2016. In second quarter 2016 we became aware of workmanship issues on our PCB boards affecting our FirstVU HD product that required us to inspect all PCB boards and replace those exhibiting contamination issues. We incurred total charges to product cost of sales approximating $650,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2016. This contamination issue was resolved in 2016 and we did not incur any similar charges in 2017. We increased the reserve for obsolete and excess inventories by approximately $320,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2017 due to increased levels of excess component parts of older versions of PCB boards, legacy products and used trade-in inventory requiring refurbishment.

Cost of service and other revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $532,986 and $418,241, respectively, an increase of $114,745 (27%). The increase in service and other cost of goods sold is commensurate with the 48% increase in service and other revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to June 30, 2016. Cost of service revenues are generally lower than cost of products sold.

Total cost of sales as a percentage of revenues decreased to 60% during the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 65% for the six months ended June 30, 2016. We believe our gross margins will continue to improve if we improve revenue levels and continue to reduce product warranty issues.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $3,450,065 and $3,118,855, respectively, an increase of $331,210 (11%). The increase is primarily attributable to cost of sales as a percentage of revenues decreasing to 60% during the six months ended June 30, 2017 from 65% for the six months ended June 30, 2016 offset by the 1% decrease in revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2016. We believe that gross margins will continue to improve in 2017 because we have corrected the quality control and other warranty related issues affecting our FirstVU HD product during recent quarters. Our goal is to improve our margins to 60% over the longer term based on the expected margins of our newer products, in particular the DVM-800, DVM-800 HD and FirstVU HD, as they continue to gain traction in the marketplace and we increase our commercial market penetration in 2017. In addition, as revenues from these products increase, we will seek to further improve our margins from them through economies of scale and more efficiently utilizing fixed manufacturing overhead components. We plan to continue our initiative on more efficient management of our supply chain through outsourcing production, quantity purchases and more effective purchasing practices.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $7,744,875 and $8,349,407 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $604,532 (7%). Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales decreased to 89% in 2017 compared to 95% in 2016. The significant components of selling, general and administrative expenses are as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016
Research and development expense	$	1,664,351	$	1,622,004
Selling, advertising and promotional expense		1,987,834		1,926,499
Stock-based compensation expense		502,789		781,066
Professional fees and expense		775,490		1,055,332
Executive, sales and administrative staff payroll		1,370,852		1,618,759
Other		1,443,559		1,345,747
Total.	$	7,744,875	$	8,349,407

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Research and development expense. We continue to focus on bringing new products to market, including updates and improvements to current products. Our research and development expenses totaled $1,664,351 and $1,622,004 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $42,347 (3%). We employed a total of 35 engineers at June 30, 2017 compared to 31 engineers at June 30, 2016, most of whom are dedicated to research and development activities for new products. We are increasing our engineering staff of web-based developers as we expand our offerings to include, among other items, cloud-based evidence storage and management for our law enforcement customers (VuVault.net) and our web-based commercial fleet driver monitoring and management tool (FleetVU Manager). Research and development expenses as a percentage of total revenues were 19% for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 18% for the six months ended June 30, 2016. We consider our research and development capabilities and new product focus to be a competitive advantage and will continue to invest in this area on a prudent basis.

Selling, advertising and promotional expenses. Selling, advertising and promotional expense totaled $1,987,834 and $1,926,499 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $61,335 (3%). Salesman salaries and commissions represent the primary components of these costs and were $1,717,505 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $1,605,087 for the six months ended June 30, 2016, an increase of $112,418 (7%). We have increased the number of salesman in 2017 compared to 2016, in particular in our commercial sales channel. The overall effective commission rate was 19.7% and 18.3% for six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively.

Promotional and advertising expenses totaled $270,329 during the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $321,412 during the six months ended June 30, 2016, a decrease of $51,083 (16%). The Company is decreasing the number of trade shows attended during 2017 as it has lost some of the confidence it had in the efficiency and effectiveness of many of the lesser attended trade shows.

Stock-based compensation expense. Stock based compensation expense totaled $502,789 and $781,066 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $278,277 (36%). In 2017, the Company adopted the new accounting standard issued by the FASB to reduce the complexity of accounting for stock compensation and elected to account for stock option forfeitures as they occur. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 there were 52,609 stock options that expired and were forfeited, which decreased stock compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 2016. Additionally, the amortization of the restricted stock granted during 2017 and 2016 to our officers, directors, and other employees when the general market price of our common stock was lower also had the effect of decreasing the stock compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to 2016.

Professional fees and expense. Professional fees and expenses totaled $775,490 and $1,055,332 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $279,842 (27%). The decrease in professional fees and expenses in 2017 compared to 2016 is primarily attributable to lower litigation expenses related to the Utility, Axon and WatchGuard lawsuits. These matters continue and the reduced litigation charges are generally due to timing issues in the litigation, although the Axon and Watchguard lawsuits were both under a stay order pending final USPTO rulings on the various IPR requests which have largely now been ruled in our favor. We expect litigation expense to trend higher during the remainder of 2017 as we appeal in the court’s summary motion ruling on the Utility lawsuit and the USPTO rules on the IPR requests in the Axon and WatchGuard lawsuits and the stays are lifted. We intend to pursue recovery from Utility, Axon, WatchGuard, their insurers and other responsible parties as appropriate.

Executive, sales and administrative staff payroll. Executive, sales and administrative staff payroll expenses totaled $1,370,852 and $1,618,759 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $247,907 (15%). The primary reason for the decrease in executive, sales and administrative staff payroll was a reduction of $125,000 in executive bonuses and the reclassification of certain technical support personnel to generate direct installation and other service revenues in the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to June 30, 2016. We have increased our technical support staff in recent quarters to handle field inquiries and requests for product installation services because our installed customer base has expanded and additional technical support and marketing was required for our new products, such as the DVM-800 and FirstVU HD. In recent quarters, certain members of our technical support staff have been reclassified to direct services for product installation and other services for our customers and their respective payroll related expenses are now being charged to service cost of sales in 2017 compared to 2016.

Other. Other selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $1,443,559 and $1,345,747 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $97,812 (7%). The increase in other expenses in 2017 compared to 2016 is primarily attributable to increased health insurance premiums for our associates.

Operating Loss

For the reasons previously stated, our operating loss was $(4,294,810) and $(5,230,552) for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively an improvement of $935,742 (18%). Operating loss as a percentage of revenues decreased to 49% for the first six months of 2017 from 60% for the same period in 2016.

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Interest Income

Interest income decreased to $8,858 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 from $16,190 in 2016.

Interest Expense

We incurred interest expense of $160,987 and $1,662 during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. We issued an aggregate of $4.0 million principal amount of Debentures on December 30, 2016, which bore interest at the rate of 8% per annum that remained outstanding at June 30, 2017. No similar interest bearing debt was outstanding during the 2016 period.

Change in Warrant Derivative Liabilities

Detachable warrants exercisable to purchase a total of 398,916 common shares, as adjusted, were issued in conjunction with $2.0 million and $4.0 million Secured Convertible Notes during March and August 2014. The warrants were required to be treated as derivative liabilities because of their anti-dilution and down-round provisions. Accordingly, we estimated the fair value of such warrants as of their respective date of issuance and recorded a corresponding derivative liability in the balance sheet. Upon exercise of the warrants we recognized a gain/loss based on the closing market price of the underlying common stock on the date of exercise. In addition, the warrant derivative liability is adjusted to the estimated fair value of any unexercised warrants as of December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017. There remained warrants outstanding exercisable to purchase 12,200 shares of common stock at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017 and the warrant derivative liability balance was $33,076 at December 31, 2016 and $19,357 at June 30, 2017.

The changes in the fair value of the warrant derivatives related to unexercised warrants resulted in a gain of $13,719 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to a gain of $37,815 for the six months ended June 30, 2016.

Change in Fair Value of Secured Convertible Notes Payable

We elected to account for the $4.0 million principal amount of Debentures outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 on their fair value basis. Therefore, we determined the fair value of the Debentures utilizing Monte Carlo simulation models which yielded an estimated fair value of $3,926,258 and $4,000,000 for the Debentures including their embedded derivatives as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. No value was allocated to the detachable Warrants as of the origination date because of the relative fair value of the Debentures including its embedded derivative features approximated the gross proceeds of the financing transaction. The fair value of the Debentures was $3,926,258 at June 30, 2017 representing a fair value change of $73,742 from December 31, 2016, which was recognized as income in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Loss before Income Tax Benefit

As a result of the above, we reported a loss before income tax benefit of $4,359,478 and $5,178,209 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an improvement of $818,731 (16%).

Income Tax Benefit

We did not record an income tax benefit related to our losses for the six months ended June 30, 2017 due to our overall net operating loss carryforwards available. We have further determined to continue providing a full valuation reserve on our net deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2017. During 2017, we increased our valuation reserve on deferred tax assets by $1,675,000 whereby our deferred tax assets continue to be fully reserved due to our recent operating losses.

We had approximately $44,200,000 of net operating loss carryforwards and $2,060,000 of research and development tax credit carryforwards as of June 30, 2017 available to offset future net taxable income.

Net Loss

As a result of the above, we reported net losses of $4,359,478 and $5,178,209 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an improvement of $818,731 (16%).

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Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

The basic and diluted loss per share was $0.77 and $0.98 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the reasons previously noted. All outstanding stock options were considered antidilutive and therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 because of the net loss reported for each period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On June 30, 2017, we borrowed $700,000 under unsecured notes payable with two private, third party lenders. The loans are represented by two promissory notes (the “Notes”) that bear interest at 8% per annum and are payable in cash on or before the maturity date. The Notes are due and payable in full on September 30, 2017 and may be prepaid without penalty at any time. The Notes are unsecured and subordinated to all existing and future senior indebtedness, as such term is defined in the Notes. We issued warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock for $3.65 per share in connection with the Notes. Such warrants are exercisable immediately and expire on June 29, 2022. We used the proceeds of this private placement for general working capital purposes.

On December 30, 2016, we completed a private placement of $4.0 million Debentures with two institutional investors. Such Debentures bear interest at 8% per annum payable in cash on a quarterly basis and are secured by substantially all of our tangible and certain intangible assets. In addition, we issued the investors warrants to acquire 800,000 shares of common stock at $5.00 per share. The Debentures mature on March 30, 2018 and are convertible at any time six months after their date of issue at the option of the holders into shares of common stock at $5.00 per share. In addition, we can elect to redeem the Debentures at 112% of their outstanding principal balance and could force conversion by the holders if the market price exceeds $7.50 per share for ten consecutive trading days. We used the proceeds of this private placement for general working capital purposes.

We may find it necessary to retire the Debentures by the payment of cash at maturity, which would be a significant need for funding from operations or a capital raise or a combination of the two. We believe that we have the capability to retire the Debentures by a cash payment when they become due, although we can offer no assurances in this regard.

If we had to supplement our liquidity to support our operations in 2017, given our recent history of net operating losses and negative cash flows, we do not believe that traditional banking indebtedness would be available to us given our recent operating history. In the alternative, we have warrants outstanding exercisable to purchase 2,579,290 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price $9.94 per share outstanding as of June 30, 2017. In addition, there are common stock purchase options outstanding exercisable to purchase 309,831 shares at an average price of $19.37 per share and the recently issued 800,000 warrants at an exercise price of $5.00 per share and 200,000 warrants at an exercise price of $3.65 per share. We could use such warrants to provide near-term liquidity and could induce their holders to exercise their warrants by adjusting/lowering the exercise price on a temporary or permanent basis if the exercise price was below the then market price of our common stock, although we can offer no assurances in this regard. Ultimately, we must restore profitable operations and positive cash flows to provide liquidity to support our operations and, if necessary, to raise capital on commercially reasonable terms in 2017 and beyond.

The Company’s 2017 operating plan also includes raising additional capital through a public offering and it has a shelf filing that would allow it to issue registered shares. The Company has demonstrated its ability to raise new debt or equity capital in recent years and if necessary, it believes that it could raise additional capital during the next 12 months and is currently considering the issuance of debt, equity or a combination of both within the next 90 days. In addition, the Company is considering reducing the exercise price on outstanding common stock purchase warrants in order to induce holders to exercise which would generate working capital, but again can offer no assurances in this regard. Based on the uncertainties described above, the Company believes its business plan does not alleviate the existence of substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements in this Report.

We had $1,325,090 of available cash and equivalents (including $500,000 of restricted cash) and net working capital of approximately $4.8 million as of June 30, 2017. Net working capital as of June 30, 2017 includes approximately $2.1 million of accounts receivable and $10.3 million of inventory.

Cash and cash equivalents balances: As of June 30, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents with an aggregate balance of $825,090, a decrease from a balance of $3,883,124 at December 31, 2016. Summarized immediately below and discussed in more detail in the subsequent subsections are the main elements of the $3,058,034 net decrease in cash during the six months ended June 30, 2017:

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●	Operating activities:	$3,374,552 of net cash used in operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities was $3,374,552 and 2,566,952 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a deterioration of $807,600. The deterioration was primarily the result of increases in inventory and prepaid expenses and decreases in accrued expenses, offset by increases in accounts payable and deferred revenue and decreases in accounts receivable. Our goal is to increase revenues, return to profitability and decrease our inventory levels during the remainder of 2017, thereby providing positive cash flows from operations, although there can be no assurances that we will be successful in this regard.
●	Investing activities:	$367,319 of net cash used in investing activities. Cash used in investing activities was $367,319 and $195,518 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In 2017 and 2016, we incurred costs for an integrated display system, demo equipment, tooling of new products and for patent applications on our proprietary technology utilized in our new products and included in intangible assets.
●	Financing activities:	$683,837 of net cash provided by financing activities. Cash provided by financing activities was $683,837 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to cash used in financing activities of $19,119 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. We received $700,000 of proceeds in the six months ended June 30, 2017 from the issuance of the Notes. During 2015 we acquired capital equipment financed through capital lease obligations and payments on such obligations represented the cash used in financing activities.

The net result of these activities was a decrease in cash of $3,058,034 to $825,090 for the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Commitments:

We had $825,090 of cash and cash equivalent balances and net positive working capital approximating $4.8 million as of June 30, 2017. Accounts receivable balances represented $2,123,677 of our net working capital at June 30, 2017. We intend to collect our outstanding receivables on a timely basis during 2017, which would help to provide positive cash flow to support our operations during the balance of 2017. Inventory represented $10,315,479 of our net working capital at June 30, 2017 and finished goods represented $7,620,996 of total inventory. We are actively managing the overall level of inventory and our goal is to reduce such levels during the balance of 2017 by our sales activities, which should provide additional cash flow to help support our operations during 2017.

Capital Expenditures. We had no material commitments for capital expenditures at June 30, 2017.

Lease Commitments-Operating Leases. We have a non-cancelable long-term operating lease agreement for office and warehouse space that expires during April 2020. We have also entered into month-to-month leases for equipment. Rent expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $198,862 and $198,862, respectively, related to these leases.

Following are our minimum lease payments for each year and in total.

Year ending December 31:
2017(period from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017)	$	223,203
2018		451,248
2019		457,327
2020		154,131
	$	1,285,909

License agreements. We have several license agreements under which we have been assigned the rights to certain materials used in its products. Certain of these agreements require us to pay ongoing royalties based on the number of products shipped containing the licensed material on a quarterly basis. Royalty expense related to these agreements aggregated $12,661 and $13, 316 for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

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Following is a summary of our licenses as of June 30, 2017:

License Type	Effective Date	Expiration Date	Terms
Production software license agreement	April 2005	April 2018	Automatically renews for one-year periods unless terminated by either party.
Software sublicense agreement	October 2007	October 2017	Automatically renews for one-year periods unless terminated by either party.
Software development and software services agreement	June 2015	June 2018	Renewable by mutual agreement of the parties unless terminated by Digital Ally for convenience.

Litigation.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings arising from normal business operations. Although there can be no assurances, based on the information currently available, management believes that it is probable that the ultimate outcome of each of the actions will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial statement of the Company. However, an adverse outcome in certain of the actions could have a material adverse effect on the financial results of the Company in the period in which it is recorded.

Axon Enterprise, Inc. – (Formerly Taser International, Inc.)

The Company owns U.S. Patent No. 8,781,292 (the “ ‘292 Patent”), which is directed to a system that determines when a recording device, such as a law enforcement officer’s body camera or in-car video recorder, begins recording and automatically instructs other recording devices to begin recording. The technology described in the ‘292 Patent is incorporated in the Company’s VuLink product.

The Company received notice in April 2015 that Taser International, Inc., now known as Axon Enterprises, Inc. (“Axon”), had commenced an action in the USPTO for a re-examination of the ‘292 Patent. A re-examination is essentially a request that the USPTO review whether the patent should have issued in its present form in view of the “prior art,” e.g., other patents in the same technology field. The prior art used by Axon was from an unrelated third party and was not the result of any of Axon’s own research and development efforts.

On January 14, 2016 the USPTO ultimately rejected Axon’s efforts and confirmed the validity of the ‘292 Patent with 59 claims covering various aspects of the Company’s auto-activation technology. On February 2, 2016 the USPTO issued another patent relating to the Company’s auto-activation technology for law enforcement cameras. U.S. Patent No. 9,253,452 (the “ ‘452 Patent”) generally covers the automatic activation and coordination of multiple recording devices in response to a triggering event, such as a law enforcement officer activating the light bar on the vehicle.

The Company filed suit on January 15, 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas (Case No: 2:16-cv-02032) against Axon, alleging willful patent infringement against Axon’s body camera product line. The Company later added the ‘452 patent to the suit and is seeking both monetary damages and a permanent injunction against Axon for infringement of both the ‘452 and ‘292 Patents.

In addition to the infringement claims, the Company added a new set of claims to the lawsuit alleging that Axon conspired to keep the Company out of the marketplace by engaging in improper, unethical, and unfair competition. The amended lawsuit alleges Axon bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law. The Company’s lawsuit also seeks monetary and injunctive relief, including treble damages, for these alleged violations.

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Axon filed an answer which denied the patent infringement allegations on April 1, 2016. In addition, Axon filed a motion to dsmiss all allegations in the complaint on March 4, 2016 for which the Company filed an amended complaint on March 18, 2016 to address certain technical deficiencies in the pleadings. Axon amended and renewed its motion to seek dismissal of the allegations that it had bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law on April 1, 2016. Formal discovery commenced on April 12, 2016 with respect to the patent related claims. In January 2017, the Court granted Axon’s motion to dismiss the portion of the lawsuit regarding claims that it had bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law. The Company has appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and is awaiting its decision.

In December 2016, Axon announced that it had commenced an action in the USPTO for inter partes review (“IPR”) of the Company’s ‘292 Patent. Previously Axon had attempted to invalidate the ‘292 Patent through a re-examination procedure at the USPTO. Axon is again attempting through its recently filed petition to convince the USPTO that Digital Ally’s patents lack patentability. Axon subsequently filed another action for an IPR against the ‘292 Patent and two more petitions against the ‘452 Patent. The USPTO rejected one of Axon’s requests on the ‘292 Patent and instituted an investigation of the other petition. As for the ‘452 Patent, the court rejected both of Axon’s requests on the petition challenging the claims at issue in the lawsuit. Axon is now statutorily precluded from filing any more IPR petitions against either the ‘292 or ‘452 Patents.

The District Court litigation in Kansas has been stayed since the filing of the petitions for IPR, The Court, however, requested an update on the status of the petitions and the Company has provided such an update after the decision was rendered which denied the final ‘452 Patent petition. Because both of Axon’s petitions for an IPR on the ‘452 Patent that related to the claims in the lawsuit were denied, the Company is seeking to lift the stay and proceed with the lawsuit to a trial where the question of infringement and damages can be addressed.

Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video

On May 27, 2016 the Company filed suit against Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video (“WatchGuard”), (Case No. 2:16-cv-02349-JTM-JPO) alleging patent infringement based on WatchGuard’s VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines.

The USPTO has granted multiple patents to the Company with claims covering numerous features, such as automatically activating all deployed cameras in response to the activation of just one camera. Additionally, Digital Ally’s patent claims cover automatic coordination as well as digital synchronization between multiple recording devices. Digital Ally also has patent coverage directed to the coordination between a multi-camera system and an officer’s smartphone, which allows an officer to more readily assess an event on the scene while an event is taking place or immediately after it has occurred.

The Company’s lawsuit alleges that WatchGuard incorporated this patented technology into its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines without its permission. Specifically, Digital Ally is accusing WatchGuard of infringing three patents: the ‘292 and ‘452 Patents and U.S. Patent No. 9,325,950 (the “ ‘950 Patent”). The Company is aggressively challenging WatchGuard’s infringing conduct, seeking both monetary damages, as well as seeking a permanent injunction preventing WatchGuard from continuing to sell its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines using Digital Ally’s own technology to compete against it. On May 8, 2017, Watchguard filed a petition seeking IPR of the ‘950 Patent. The Company will vigorously oppose that petition. The PTAB will not issue a decision on whether to institute until approximately November 2017. The lawsuit has been stayed pending a decision from the USPTO on whether to institute that petition.

Utility Associates, Inc.

On October 25, 2013, the Company filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas (2:13-cv-02550-SAC) to eliminate threats by a competitor, Utility Associates, Inc. (“Utility”), of alleged patent infringement regarding U.S. Patent No. 6,831,556 (the “ ‘556 Patent”). Specifically, the lawsuit seeks a declaration that the Company’s mobile video surveillance systems do not infringe any claim of the ‘556 Patent. The Company became aware that Utility had mailed letters to current and prospective purchasers of its mobile video surveillance systems threatening that the use of such systems purchased from third parties not licensed to the ‘556 Patent would create liability for them for patent infringement. The Company rejected Utility’s assertion and is vigorously defending the right of end-users to purchase such systems from providers other than Utility. The United States District Court for the District of Kansas dismissed the lawsuit because it decided that Kansas was not the proper jurisdictional forum for the dispute. The District Court’s decision was not a ruling on the merits of the case. The Company appealed the decision and the Federal Circuit affirmed the District Court’s previous decision.

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In addition, the Company began proceedings to invalidate the ‘556 Patent through a request for IPR of the ‘556 patent at the USPTO. On July 27, 2015, the USPTO invalidated key claims in Utility’s ‘556 Patent. The Final Decision from the USPTO significantly curtails Utility’s ability to threaten law enforcement agencies, municipalities, and others with infringement of the ‘556 Patent. Utility appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit denied Utility’s appeal and therefore confirmed the ruling of the USPTO. This denial of Utility’s appeal finalized the USPTO’s ruling in Digital’s favor and the matter is now concluded.

On June 6, 2014, the Company filed an Unfair Competition lawsuit against Utility in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. In the lawsuit, it contends that Utility has defamed the Company and illegally interfered with its contracts, customer relationships and business expectancies by falsely asserting to its customers and others that its products violate the ‘556 Patent, of which Utility claims to be the holder.

The suit also includes claims against Utility for tortious interference with contract and violation of the Kansas Uniform Trade Secrets Act (KUSTA), arising out of Utility’s employment of the Company’s employees, in violation of that employee’s Non-Competition and Confidentiality agreements with the Company. In addition to damages, the Company seeks temporary, preliminary, and permanent injunctive relief, prohibiting Utility from, among other things, continuing to threaten or otherwise interfere with the Company’s customers. On March 4, 2015, an initial hearing was held upon the Company’s request for injunctive relief.

Based upon facts revealed at the March 4, 2015 hearing, on March 16, 2015, the Company sought leave to amend its Complaint in the Kansas suit to assert additional claims against Utility. Those new claims include claims of actual or attempted monopolization, in violation of § 2 of the Sherman Act, claims arising under a new Georgia statute that prohibits threats of patent infringement in “bad faith,” and additional claims of unfair competition/false advertising in violation of § 63(a) of the Lanham Act. As these statutes expressly provide, the Company will seek treble damages, punitive damages and attorneys’ fees as well as injunctive relief. The Court concluded its hearing on April 22, 2015, and allowed the Company leave to amend its complaint, but denied its preliminary injunction. The discovery stage of the lawsuit expired in May 2016. Utility filed a Motion for Summary Judgment and the Company filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. On March 30, 2017, the Court entered its order granting Utility’s motion and denying the Company’s motion for summary judgment in their entireties. The Company believes the District Court made several errors when ruling on the motions for summary judgment in light of the USPTO’s final decision issued on July 27, 2015 and the various facts and admissions already presented to such Court and is filing an appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.

On September 13, 2014, Utility filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia against the Company alleging infringement of the ‘556 Patent. The suit was served on the Company on September 20, 2014. As alleged in the Company’s first filed lawsuit described above, the Company believes that the ‘556 Patent is both invalid and not infringed. Further, the USPTO has issued its final decision invalidating 23 of the 25 claims asserted in the ‘556 Patent, as noted above. The Company believes that the suit filed by Utility is without merit and is vigorously defending the claims asserted against the Company. An adverse resolution of the foregoing litigation or patent proceedings could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. The Court stayed all proceedings with respect to this lawsuit pending the outcome of the patent review performed by the USPTO and the appellate court. Based on the USPTO’s final decision to invalidate substantially all claims contained in the ‘556 Patent and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit full denial of Utility’s appeal, the Company intends to file for summary judgment in its favor if Utility does not request outright dismissal.

The Company is also involved as a plaintiff and defendant in ordinary, routine litigation and administrative proceedings incidental to its business from time to time, including customer collections, vendor and employment-related matters. The Company believes the likely outcome of any other pending cases and proceedings will not be material to its business or its financial condition.

Sponsorship. On April 16, 2015 the Company entered into a Title Sponsorship Agreement (the “Agreement”) under which it became the title sponsor for a Web.com Tour golf tournament (the “Tournament”) held annually in the Kansas City Metropolitan area. The Agreement provides the Company with naming rights and other benefits for the 2015 through 2019 annual Tournament in exchange for the following sponsorship fee:

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Year		Sponsorship fee
	2015	$	375,000
	2016	$	475,000
	2017	$	475,000
	2018	$	500,000
	2019	$	500,000

The Company has the right to sell and retain the proceeds from the sale of additional sponsorships, including but not limited to a presenting sponsorship, a concert sponsorship and founding partnerships for the Tournament. The Company recorded a net sponsorship expense of $6,595 and $-0-, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

401 (k) Plan. We sponsor a 401(k) retirement savings plan for the benefit of our employees. The plan, as amended, requires us to provide 100% matching contributions for employees who elect to contribute up to 3% of their compensation to the plan and 50% matching contributions for employee’s elective deferrals on the next 2% of their contributions. We made matching contributions totaling $94,326 and $88,711 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Each participant is 100% vested at all times in employee and employer matching contributions.

Consulting and Distributor Agreements. The Company entered into an agreement that requires it to make monthly payments which will be applied to future commissions and/or consulting fees to be earned by the provider. The agreement is with a limited liability company (“LLC”) that is minority owned by a relative of the Company’s chief financial officer. Under the agreement, dated January 15, 2016, the LLC provides consulting services for developing a new distribution channel outside of law enforcement for its body-worn camera and related cloud storage products to customers in the United States. The Company paid the LLC and advance against commissions ranging from $5,000 to $6,000 per month plus necessary and reasonable expenses for a period of one year beginning January 2016, which can be automatically extended based on the LLC achieving minimum sales quotas. The agreement was renewed in January 2017 for a period of three years, subject to yearly minimum sales thresholds that would allow the Company to terminate the contract if such minimums are not met. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had advanced a total of $289,315 pursuant to this agreement.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our significant accounting policies are summarized in note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 1, “Financial Statements,” of this report. While the selection and application of any accounting policy may involve some level of subjective judgments and estimates, we believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to our financial statements, potentially involve the most subjective judgments in their selection and application, and are the most susceptible to uncertainties and changing conditions:

● Revenue Recognition/ Allowance for Doubtful Accounts;

● Allowance for Excess and Obsolete Inventory;

● Warranty Reserves;

● Stock-based Compensation Expense;

● Accounting for Income Taxes; and

● Determination of Fair Value Calculation for Financial Instruments and Derivatives; and

● Going Concern Analysis.

Revenue Recognition / Allowances for Doubtful Accounts. Revenue is recognized for the shipment of products or delivery of service when all four of the following conditions are met:

(i)	Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;
(ii)	Delivery has occurred;
(iii)	The price is fixed or determinable; and
(iv)	Collectability is reasonably assured.

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We review all significant, unusual or nonstandard shipments of product or delivery of services as a routine part of our accounting and financial reporting process to determine compliance with these requirements. Extended warranties are offered on selected products and when a customer purchases an extended warranty the associated proceeds are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the extended warranty.

Our principal customers are state, local and federal law enforcement agencies, which historically have been low risks for uncollectible accounts. However, we do have commercial customers and international distributors that present a greater risk for uncollectible accounts than such law enforcement customers and we consider a specific reserve for bad debts based on their individual circumstances. Our historical bad debts have been negligible, with less than $198,000 charged off as uncollectible on cumulative revenues of $211.1 million since we commenced deliveries during 2006. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had provided a reserve for doubtful accounts of $70,000.

We periodically perform a specific review of significant individual receivables outstanding for risk of loss due to uncollectibility. Based on such review, we consider our reserve for doubtful accounts to be adequate as of June 30, 2017. However, should the balance due from any significant customer ultimately become uncollectible then our allowance for bad debts will not be sufficient to cover the charge-off and we will be required to record additional bad debt expense in our statement of operations.

Allowance for Excess and Obsolete Inventory.

We record valuation reserves on our inventory for estimated excess or obsolete inventory items. The amount of the reserve is equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. On a quarterly basis, management performs an analysis of the underlying inventory to identify reserves needed for excess and obsolescence. Management uses its best judgment to estimate appropriate reserves based on this analysis. In addition, we adjust the carrying value of inventory if the current market value of that inventory is below its cost.

Inventories consisted of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Raw material and component parts	$	4,529,183		$	4,015,170
Work-in-process		491,504			355,715
Finished goods		7,620,996			7,215,346
Subtotal		12,641,683			11,586,231
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory		(2,326,204	)		(1,999,920	)
Total	$	10,315,479		$	9,586,311

We balance the need to maintain strategic inventory levels to ensure competitive delivery performance to our customers against the risk of inventory obsolescence due to changing technology and customer requirements. As reflected above, our inventory reserves represented 18.4% of the gross inventory balance at June 30, 2017, compared to 17.3% of the gross inventory balance at December 31, 2016. We had $2,326,204 and $1,999,920 in reserves for obsolete and excess inventories at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Total raw materials and component parts were $4,529,183 and $4,015,170 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, an increase of $514,013 (13%). The increase in raw materials and component parts was mostly in refurbished parts for FirstVU HD products. Finished goods balances were $7,620,996 and $7,215,346 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, an increase of $405,650 (6%). The increase in finished goods at June 30, 2017 was primarily in FirstVU HD and DVM 250 products. The increase in the inventory reserve is primarily due to the change in sales mix of our products, which has resulted in a higher level of excess component parts of the older versions of our legacy products. Additionally, we increased our reserves on selected refurbished inventory and items requiring repair at June 30, 2017. We believe the reserves are appropriate given our inventory levels at June 30, 2017.

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If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management or significant engineering changes to our products that are not anticipated and appropriately managed, additional inventory write-downs may be required in excess of the inventory reserves already established.

Warranty Reserves.

We generally provide up to a two-year parts and labor warranty on our products to our customers. Provisions for estimated expenses related to product warranties are made at the time products are sold. These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency, and average cost of claims. We actively study trends of claims and take action to improve product quality and minimize claims. Our warranty reserves were decreased to $180,535 as of June 30, 2017 compared to $374,597 as of December 31, 2016 primarily for expected replacements associated with select FirstVU HD customers. We have limited experience with the FirstVU HD and DVM-800 and will monitor our reserve for all warranty claims related to these two newer products. There is a risk that we will have higher warranty claim frequency rates and average cost of claims than our history has indicated on our legacy mirror products on our new products for which we have limited experience. Actual experience could differ from the amounts estimated requiring adjustments to these liabilities in future periods.

Stock-based Compensation Expense.

We grant stock options to our employees and directors and such benefits provided are share-based payment awards which require us to make significant estimates related to determining the value of our share-based compensation. Our expected stock-price volatility assumption is based on historical volatilities of the underlying stock which are obtained from public data sources and there were not any options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

If factors change and we develop different assumptions in future periods, the compensation expense that we record in the future may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the current period. There is a high degree of subjectivity involved when using option pricing models to estimate share-based compensation. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect our estimates of fair values of our share-based compensation. Certain share-based payment awards, such as employee stock options, may expire worthless or otherwise result in zero intrinsic value compared to the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and reported in our financial statements. Alternatively, values may be realized from these instruments that are significantly in excess of the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and reported in our financial statements. Although the fair value of employee share-based awards is determined using an established option pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction. In addition, we account for forfeitures as they occur.

Accounting for Income Taxes.

Accounting for income taxes requires significant estimates and judgments on the part of management. Such estimates and judgments include, but are not limited to, the effective tax rate anticipated to apply to tax differences that are expected to reverse in the future, the sufficiency of taxable income in future periods to realize the benefits of net deferred tax assets and net operating losses currently recorded and the likelihood that tax positions taken in tax returns will be sustained on audit.

As required by authoritative guidance, we record deferred tax assets or liabilities based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using currently enacted rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Authoritative guidance also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. As of December 31, 2016, cumulative valuation allowances in the amount of $22,340,000 were recorded in connection with the net deferred income tax assets. Based on a review of our deferred tax assets and recent operating performance, we determined that our valuation allowance should be increased to $24,130,000 to fully reserve our deferred tax assets at June 30, 2017. We determined that it was appropriate to continue to provide a full valuation reserve on our net deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2017 because of the overall net operating loss carryforwards available. We expect to continue to maintain a full valuation allowance until we determine that we can sustain a level of profitability that demonstrates our ability to realize these assets. To the extent we determine that the realization of some or all of these benefits is more likely than not based upon expected future taxable income, a portion or all of the valuation allowance will be reversed. Such a reversal would be recorded as an income tax benefit and, for some portion related to deductions for stock option exercises, an increase in shareholders’ equity.

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As required by authoritative guidance, we have performed a comprehensive review of our portfolio of uncertain tax positions in accordance with recognition standards established by the FASB, an uncertain tax position represents our expected treatment of a tax position taken in a filed tax return, or planned to be taken in a future tax return, that has not been reflected in measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes. We have no recorded liability as of June 30, 2017 representing uncertain tax positions.

We have generated substantial deferred income tax assets related to our operations primarily from the charge to compensation expense taken for stock options, certain tax credit carryforwards and net operating loss carryforwards. For us to realize the income tax benefit of these assets, we must generate sufficient taxable income in future periods when such deductions are allowed for income tax purposes. In some cases where deferred taxes were the result of compensation expense recognized on stock options, our ability to realize the income tax benefit of these assets is also dependent on our share price increasing to a point where these options have intrinsic value at least equal to the grant date fair value and are exercised. In assessing whether a valuation allowance is needed in connection with our deferred income tax assets, we have evaluated our ability to generate sufficient taxable income in future periods to utilize the benefit of the deferred income tax assets. We continue to evaluate our ability to use recorded deferred income tax asset balances. If we fail to generate taxable income for financial reporting in future years, no additional tax benefit would be recognized for those losses, since we will not have accumulated enough positive evidence to support our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards in the future. Therefore, we may be required to increase our valuation allowance in future periods should our assumptions regarding the generation of future taxable income not be realized.

Determination of Fair Value for Financial Instruments and Derivatives.

During 2016 we issued $4.0 million of Debentures with detachable warrants to purchase common stock and in 2014 in two separate transactions we issued a total of $6.0 million of Secured Convertible Notes with detachable warrants to purchase common stock. We elected to record the 2016 Debentures and 2014 Secured Convertible Notes on their fair value basis. In addition, the warrants to purchase common stock issued in conjunction with the 2014 Secured Convertible Notes contained anti-dilution provisions that required them to be accounted for as derivative liabilities. We were required to determine the fair value of these financial instruments outstanding as of June 30, 2017 and 2016 for financial reporting purposes. The entire principal balance of the Secured Convertible Notes issued in 2014 has been converted to equity and all warrants have been exercised, except for warrants exercisable to purchase 12,200 common shares at $5.00 per share, as of June 310, 2017. The 2016 Debentures remained outstanding as of June 30, 2017.

In accordance with ASC Topic 820 — Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), the Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, liabilities or a group of assets or liabilities, such as a business.

ASC 820 utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

● Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

● Level 2 — Other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities)

● Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value)

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The following table represents the Company’s hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2017.

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities
Secured convertible debenture	$	-	$	-	$	3,926,258	$	3,926,258
Warrant derivative liabilities	$	-	$	-	$	19,357	$	19,357
	$	-	$	-	$	3,945,615	$	3,945,615

Going Concern Analysis.

In accordance with ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements- Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) – Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, we are required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that our financials are issued. When management identifies conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about their ability to continue as a going concern they should consider whether their plans to mitigate those relevant conditions or events will alleviate the substantial doubt. If conditions or events raise substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, but the substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of management’s plans, the entity should disclose information that enables user of financial statements to understand the principal events that raised the substantial doubt, management’s evaluation of the significance of those conditions or events, and management’s plans that alleviated substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.

We performed the analysis and our overall assessment was there were conditions or events, considered in the aggregate as of June 30, 2017, which raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within the next twelve months but such doubt was not adequately mitigated by our plans due to the uncertainty regarding the success of our plans to address the substantial doubt as disclosed in Note 1: Management’s Liquidity Plan.

Inflation and Seasonality

Inflation has not materially affected us during the past fiscal year. We do not believe that our business is seasonal in nature; however, we generally generate higher revenues during the second half of the calendar year than in the first half.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Not Applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures, as such terms are defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of such disclosure controls and procedures for this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2017 to provide reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed by the Company in this report was recorded, processed, summarized and communicated to the Company’s management as appropriate and within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, during its last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect its internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings arising from normal business operations. Although there can be no assurances, based on the information currently available, management believes that it is probable that the ultimate outcome of each of the actions will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial statement of the Company. However, an adverse outcome in certain of the actions could have a material adverse effect on the financial results of the Company in the period in which it is recorded.

Axon Enterprise, Inc. – (Formerly Taser International, Inc.)

The Company owns U.S. Patent No. 8,781,292 (the “ ‘292 Patent”), which is directed to a system that determines when a recording device, such as a law enforcement officer’s body camera or in-car video recorder, begins recording and automatically instructs other recording devices to begin recording. The technology described in the ‘292 Patent is incorporated in the Company’s VuLink product.

The Company received notice in April 2015 that Taser International, Inc., now known as Axon Enterprises, Inc. (“Axon”), had commenced an action in the USPTO for a re-examination of the ‘292 Patent. A re-examination is essentially a request that the USPTO review whether the patent should have issued in its present form in view of the “prior art,” e.g., other patents in the same technology field. The prior art used by Axon was from an unrelated third party and was not the result of any of Axon’s own research and development efforts.

On January 14, 2016 the USPTO ultimately rejected Axon’s efforts and confirmed the validity of the ‘292 Patent with 59 claims covering various aspects of the Company’s auto-activation technology. On February 2, 2016 the USPTO issued another patent relating to the Company’s auto-activation technology for law enforcement cameras. U.S. Patent No. 9,253,452 (the “ ‘452 Patent”) generally covers the automatic activation and coordination of multiple recording devices in response to a triggering event, such as a law enforcement officer activating the light bar on the vehicle.

The Company filed suit on January 15, 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas (Case No: 2:16-cv-02032) against Axon, alleging willful patent infringement against Axon’s body camera product line. The Company later added the ‘452 Patent to the suit and is seeking both monetary damages and a permanent injunction against Axon for infringement of both the ‘452 and ‘292 Patents.

In addition to the infringement claims, the Company added a new set of claims to the lawsuit alleging that Axon conspired to keep the Company out of the marketplace by engaging in improper, unethical, and unfair competition. The amended lawsuit alleges Axon bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law. The Company’s lawsuit also seeks monetary and injunctive relief, including treble damages, for these alleged violations.

Axon filed an answer which denied the patent infringement allegations on April 1, 2016. In addition, Axon filed a motion to dismiss all allegations in the complaint on March 4, 2016 for which the Company filed an amended complaint on March 18, 2016 to address certain technical deficiencies in the pleadings. Axon amended and renewed its motion to seek dismissal of the allegations that it had bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law on April 1, 2016. Formal discovery commenced on April 12, 2016 with respect to the patent related claims. In January 2017, the Court granted Axon’s motion to dismiss the portion of the lawsuit regarding claims that it had bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law. The Company has appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and is awaiting its decision.

In December 2016, Axon announced that it had commenced an action in the USPTO for IPR of the Company’s ‘292 Patent. Previously Axon had attempted to invalidate the ‘292 Patent through a re-examination procedure at the USPTO. Axon is again attempting through its recently filed petition to convince the USPTO that Digital Ally’s patents lack patentability. Axon subsequently filed another IPR against the ‘292 Patent and two more petitions against the ‘452 Patent. The USPTO rejected one of Axon’s requests on the ‘292 Patent and instituted an investigation of the other petition. As for the ‘452 Patent, the court rejected Axon’s request on the petition challenging the claims at issue in the lawsuit while the other petition is still under consideration. A decision on this final petition will issue in August 2017. Axon is precluded from filing any more IPR petitions against either the ‘292 or ‘452 Patents.

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Since the filing of the petitions the District Court litigation in Kansas has been stayed. The Court, however, requested an update on the status of the petitions and The Company will be providing such an update after the decision on the final ‘452 Patent petition. Because Axon’s petition on the ‘452 Patent that related to the claims in the lawsuit was denied, the Company will be seeking to lift the stay and proceed with the lawsuit to a trial where the question of infringement and damages can be addressed.

Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video

On May 27, 2016 the Company filed suit against Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video (“WatchGuard”), (Case No. 2:16-cv-02349-JTM-JPO) alleging patent infringement based on WatchGuard’s VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines.

The USPTO has granted multiple patents to the Company with claims covering numerous features, such as automatically activating all deployed cameras in response to the activation of just one camera. Additionally, Digital Ally’s patent claims cover automatic coordination as well as digital synchronization between multiple recording devices. Digital Ally also has patent coverage directed to the coordination between a multi-camera system and an officer’s smartphone, which allows an officer to more readily assess an event on the scene while an event is taking place or immediately after it has occurred.

The Company’s lawsuit alleges that WatchGuard incorporated this patented technology into its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines without its permission. Specifically, Digital Ally is accusing WatchGuard of infringing three patents: the ‘292 and ‘452 Patents and U.S. Patent No. 9,325,950 (the ‘950 Patent”). The Company is aggressively challenging WatchGuard’s infringing conduct, seeking both monetary damages, as well as seeking a permanent injunction preventing WatchGuard from continuing to sell its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines using Digital Ally’s own technology to compete against it. On May 8, 2017, Watchguard filed a petition seeking IPR of the ‘950 Patent. The Company will vigorously oppose that petition. The PTAB will not issue a decision on whether to institute until approximately November 2017. The lawsuit has been stayed pending a decision from the USPTO on whether to institute that petition.

Utility Associates, Inc.

On October 25, 2013, the Company filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas (2:13-cv-02550-SAC) to eliminate threats by a competitor, Utility Associates, Inc. (“Utility”), of alleged patent infringement regarding U.S. Patent No. 6,831,556 (the “ ‘556 Patent”). Specifically, the lawsuit seeks a declaration that the Company’s mobile video surveillance systems do not infringe any claim of the ‘556 Patent. The Company became aware that Utility had mailed letters to current and prospective purchasers of its mobile video surveillance systems threatening that the use of such systems purchased from third parties not licensed to the ‘556 Patent would create liability for them for patent infringement. The Company rejected Utility’s assertion and is vigorously defending the right of end-users to purchase such systems from providers other than Utility. The United States District Court for the District of Kansas dismissed the lawsuit because it decided that Kansas was not the proper jurisdictional forum for the dispute. The District Court’s decision was not a ruling on the merits of the case. The Company appealed the decision and the Federal Circuit affirmed the District Court’s previous decision.

In addition, the Company began proceedings to invalidate the ‘556 Patent through a request for IPR of the ‘556 Patent at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”). On July 27, 2015, the USPTO invalidated key claims in Utility’s ‘556 Patent. The Final Decision from the USPTO significantly curtails Utility’s ability to threaten law enforcement agencies, municipalities, and others with infringement of the ‘556 Patent. Utility appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit denied Utility’s appeal and therefore confirmed the ruling of the USPTO. This denial of Utility’s appeal finalized the USPTO’s ruling in Digital’s favor and the matter is now concluded.

On June 6, 2014 the Company filed an Unfair Competition lawsuit against Utility in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. In the lawsuit, it contends that Utility has defamed the Company and illegally interfered with its contracts, customer relationships and business expectancies by falsely asserting to its customers and others that its products violate the ‘556 Patent, of which Utility claims to be the holder.

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The suit also includes claims against Utility for tortious interference with contract and violation of the Kansas Uniform Trade Secrets Act (KUSTA), arising out of Utility’s employment of the Company’s employees, in violation of that employee’s Non-Competition and Confidentiality agreements with the Company. In addition to damages, the Company seeks temporary, preliminary, and permanent injunctive relief, prohibiting Utility from, among other things, continuing to threaten or otherwise interfere with the Company’s customers. On March 4, 2015, an initial hearing was held upon the Company’s request for injunctive relief.

Based upon facts revealed at the March 4, 2015 hearing, on March 16, 2015, the Company sought leave to amend its Complaint in the Kansas suit to assert additional claims against Utility. Those new claims include claims of actual or attempted monopolization, in violation of § 2 of the Sherman Act, claims arising under a new Georgia statute that prohibits threats of patent infringement in “bad faith,” and additional claims of unfair competition/false advertising in violation of § 63(a) of the Lanham Act. As these statutes expressly provide, the Company will seek treble damages, punitive damages and attorneys’ fees as well as injunctive relief. The Court concluded its hearing on April 22, 2015, and allowed the Company leave to amend its complaint, but denied its preliminary injunction. The discovery stage of the lawsuit expired in May 2016. Utility filed a Motion for Summary Judgment and the Company filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. On March 30, 2017, the Court entered its order granting Utility’s motion and denying the Company’s motion for summary judgment in their entireties. The Company believes the District Court made several errors when ruling on the motions for summary judgment in light of the USPTO’s final decision issued on July 27, 2015 and the various facts and admissions already presented to such Court and is filing an appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.

On September 13, 2014, Utility filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia against the Company alleging infringement of the ‘556 Patent. The suit was served on the Company on September 20, 2014. As alleged in the Company’s first filed lawsuit described above, the Company believes that the ‘556 Patent is both invalid and not infringed. Further, the USPTO has issued its final decision invalidating 23 of the 25 claims asserted in the ‘556 Patent, as noted above. The Company believes that the suit filed by Utility is without merit and is vigorously defending the claims asserted against the Company. An adverse resolution of the foregoing litigation or patent proceedings could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. The Court stayed all proceedings with respect to this lawsuit pending the outcome of the patent review performed by the USPTO and the appellate court. Based on the USPTO’s final decision to invalidate substantially all claims contained in the ‘556 Patent and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit full denial of Utility’s appeal, the Company intends to file for summary judgment in its favor if Utility does not request outright dismissal.

The Company is also involved as a plaintiff and defendant in ordinary, routine litigation and administrative proceedings incidental to its business from time to time, including customer collections, vendor and employment-related matters. The Company believes the likely outcome of any other pending cases and proceedings will not be material to its business or its financial condition.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

On June 30, 2017, the Company borrowed an aggregate of $700,000 under the Notes with two private, third-party lenders. The unsecured Notes bear interest of 8% per annum with all principal and accrued interest due on or before their September 30, 2017 maturity date. In connection with the issuance of the Notes the Company issued the lenders warrants to purchase a total of 200,000 shares common stock at an exercise of $3.65 per share and an expiration date of June 29, 2022

The Company relied on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) for issuance of warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock. The Company did not pay any compensation or fees to any party in connection with the issuance of the shares of Common Stock.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.

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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Not applicable.

Item 6. Exhibits.

(a) Exhibits.

31.1	Certificate of Stanton E. Ross pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2	Certificate of Thomas J. Heckman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1	Certificate of Stanton E. Ross pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.2	Certificate of Thomas J. Heckman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: August 14, 2017

DIGITAL ALLY, INC., a Nevada corporation
By:	/s/ Stanton E. Ross
Name:	Stanton E. Ross
Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
By:	/s/ Thomas J. Heckman
Name:	Thomas J. Heckman
Title:	Chief Financial Officer, Secretary, Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer

 56

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit	Description
31.1	Certificate of Stanton E. Ross pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2	Certificate of Thomas J. Heckman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1	Certificate of Stanton E. Ross pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.2	Certificate of Thomas J. Heckman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 57

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Stanton E. Ross, Chief Executive Officer of Digital Ally, Inc., certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 of Digital Ally, Inc.
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Date: August 14, 2017

/s/ Stanton E. Ross

Stanton E. Ross

Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Thomas J. Heckman, Chief Financial Officer of Digital Ally, Inc., certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 of Digital Ally, Inc.
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Date: August 14, 2017

/s/ Thomas J. Heckman

THOMAS J. HECKMAN

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

19 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Digital Ally, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Stanton E. Ross, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1)	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Stanton E. Ross

Stanton E. Ross

Chief Executive Officer

August 14, 2017

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Digital Ally, Inc. and will be retained by Digital Ally, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

19 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Digital Ally, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Thomas J. Heckman, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1)	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Thomas J. Heckman

THOMAS J. HECKMAN

Chief Financial Officer

August 14, 2017

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Digital Ally, Inc. and will be retained by Digital Ally, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Aug. 08, 2017
Document And Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	DIGITAL ALLY INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001342958
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2017
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		5,679,731
Trading Symbol	DGLY
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 825,090	$ 3,883,124
Accounts receivable-trade, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $70,000 – 2017 and 2016	2,123,677	2,519,184
Accounts receivable-other	444,033	341,326
Inventories, net	10,315,479	9,586,311
Restricted cash	500,000
Prepaid expenses	646,840	402,158
Total current assets	14,855,119	16,732,103
Furniture, fixtures and equipment, net	916,560	873,902
Restricted cash		500,000
Intangible assets, net	466,220	467,176
Other assets	178,585	261,915
Total assets	16,416,484	18,835,096
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	3,319,021	2,455,579
Accrued expenses	1,047,240	1,542,729
Derivative liabilities	19,357	33,076
Capital lease obligation-current	25,121	32,792
Deferred revenue-current	1,321,703	925,932
Subordinated notes payable, net of discount of $288,895-2017 and $0-2016	411,105
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value	3,926,258
Income taxes payable	7,995	7,048
Total current liabilities	10,077,800	4,997,156
Long-term liabilities:
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value		4,000,000
Capital lease obligation-less current portion		8,492
Deferred revenue-long term	2,150,206	2,073,176
Total liabilities	12,228,006	11,078,824
Stockholder's Equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued: 5,743,249 - 2017 and 5,552,449 - 2016	5,743	5,552
Additional paid in capital	60,356,781	59,565,288
Treasury stock, at cost (63,518 shares)	(2,157,226)	(2,157,226)
Accumulated deficit	(54,016,820)	(49,657,342)
Total stockholders' equity	4,188,478	7,756,272
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 16,416,484	$ 18,835,096

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable	$ 70,000	$ 70,000
Discount on subordinated notes payable, short-term	$ 288,895	$ 0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	25,000,000	25,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	5,743,249	5,552,449
Treasury stock shares	63,518	63,518

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Revenue:
Product	$ 3,056,810	$ 4,045,373	$ 7,742,170	$ 8,132,287
Service and other	429,692	339,038	974,192	657,067
Total revenue	3,486,502	4,384,411	8,716,362	8,789,354
Cost of revenue:
Product	1,959,274	2,826,213	4,733,311	5,252,258
Service and other	354,012	292,962	532,986	418,241
Total cost of revenue	2,313,286	3,119,175	5,266,297	5,670,499
Gross profit	1,173,216	1,265,236	3,450,065	3,118,855
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Research and development expense	846,460	813,150	1,664,351	1,622,004
Selling, advertising and promotional expense	952,312	1,003,507	1,987,834	1,926,499
Stock-based compensation expense	115,756	355,236	502,789	781,066
General and administrative expense	1,751,285	1,986,000	3,589,901	4,019,838
Total selling, general and administrative expenses	3,665,813	4,157,893	7,744,875	8,349,407
Operating loss	(2,492,597)	(2,892,657)	(4,294,810)	(5,230,552)
Interest income	3,797	7,198	8,858	16,190
Interest expense	(80,436)	(907)	(160,987)	(1,662)
Change in warrant derivative liabilities	13,114	21,282	13,719	37,815
Change in fair value of secured convertible notes payable	229,599		73,742
Loss before income tax expense	(2,326,523)	(2,865,084)	(4,359,478)	(5,178,209)
Income tax (expense) benefit
Net loss	$ (2,326,523)	$ (2,865,084)	$ (4,359,478)	$ (5,178,209)
Net loss per share information:
Basic	$ (0.41)	$ (0.54)	$ (0.77)	$ (0.98)
Diluted	$ (0.41)	$ (0.54)	$ (0.77)	$ (0.98)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	5,679,731	5,319,259	5,654,755	5,282,514
Diluted	5,679,731	5,319,259	5,654,755	5,282,514

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - 6 months ended Jun. 30, 2017 - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid In Capital [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 5,552	$ 59,565,288	$ (2,157,226)	$ (49,657,342)	$ 7,756,272
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2016	5,552,449
Stock-based compensation		502,789			502,789
Restricted common stock grant	$ 200	(200)
Restricted common stock grant, shares	200,000
Restricted common stock forfeitures	$ (9)	9
Restricted common stock forfeitures, shares	(9,200)
Issuance of common stock purchase warrants related to issuance of subordinated notes payable		288,895			288,895
Net loss				(4,359,478)	(4,359,478)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2017	$ 5,743	$ 60,356,781	$ (2,157,226)	$ (54,016,820)	$ 4,188,478
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2017	5,743,249

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net loss	$ (4,359,478)	$ (5,178,209)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	325,617	295,813
Stock-based compensation	502,789	781,066
Change in derivative liabilities	(13,719)	(37,815)
Change in fair value of secured convertible debentures	(73,742)
Provision for inventory obsolescence	326,284	266,479
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable		(7,221)
(Increase) decrease in:
Accounts receivable - trade	395,507	542,475
Accounts receivable - other	(102,707)	(59,483)
Inventories	(1,055,452)	689,105
Prepaid expenses	(244,682)	(424,865)
Other assets	83,330	42,428
Increase (decrease) in:
Accounts payable	863,442	58,567
Accrued expenses	(495,489)	98,888
Income taxes payable	947	(7,095)
Deferred revenue	472,801	372,915
Net cash used in operating activities	(3,374,552)	(2,566,952)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of furniture, fixtures and equipment	(304,596)	(134,707)
Additions to intangible assets	(62,723)	(60,811)
Net cash used in investing activities	(367,319)	(195,518)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated notes payable	700,000
Principal payments on capital lease obligation	(16,163)	(19,119)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	683,837	(19,119)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(3,058,034)	(2,781,589)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	3,883,124	6,924,079
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	825,090	4,142,490
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash payments for interest	80,986	1,650
Cash payments for income taxes	9,053	7,095
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Restricted common stock grant	200	200
Restricted common stock forfeitures	$ 9

XML

Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

NOTE 1. NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business:

Digital Ally, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, “Digital Ally,” “Digital,” the “Company,” “we,” “ours” and “us”) produces digital video imaging and storage products for use in law enforcement, security and commercial applications. Its products are an in-car digital video/audio recorder contained in a rear-view mirror for use in law enforcement and commercial fleets; a system that provides its law enforcement customers with audio/video surveillance from multiple vantage points and hands-free automatic activation of body-worn cameras and in-car video systems; a miniature digital video system designed to be worn on an individual’s body; a weather-resistant mobile digital video recording system for use on motorcycles, ATV’s and boats; a hand-held laser speed detection device that it is offering primarily to law enforcement agencies; and cloud storage solutions. The Company has active research and development programs to adapt its technologies to other applications. It can integrate electronic, radio, computer, mechanical, and multi-media technologies to create unique solutions to address needs in a variety of other industries and markets, including mass transit, school bus, taxi cab and the military. The Company sells its products to law enforcement agencies and other security organizations and consumer and commercial fleet operators through direct sales domestically and third-party distributors internationally.

The Company was originally incorporated in Nevada on December 13, 2000 as Vegas Petra, Inc. and had no operations until 2004. On November 30, 2004, Vegas Petra, Inc. entered into a Plan of Merger with Digital Ally, Inc., at which time the merged entity was renamed Digital Ally, Inc.

Management’s Liquidity Plan

The Company incurred substantial operating losses in the six months ended June 30, 2017 and recent years primarily due to reduced revenues and gross margins caused by specific product quality issues resulting in the significant delays in customer orders and product rework expenditures. In addition, the Company accessed the capital markets to raise approximately $700,000 on June 30, 2017, $4.0 million in December 2016 and $11.0 million in 2015 to fund its operations until it achieves positive cash flows from operations. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $54.0 million and has financed its recent operations primarily through debt and equity financings. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and year ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred net losses of approximately $4.4 and $12.7 million, respectively, and used cash in operating activities of $3.4 million and $5.9 million, respectively. The $700,000 principal amount of subordinated notes payable (the “Notes”) matures on September 30, 2017. Additionally, the $4.0 million principal amount of 8% Secured Convertible Debentures (the “Debentures”) matures in March 2018 unless the Debentures are converted by their holders ($5.00 per share conversion rate) before maturity. The Notes and Debentures represent current liabilities as of June 30, 2017 and will require the Company to raise substantial funds to liquidate if operating results do not improve before the maturity dates of such Notes and Debentures. These conditions indicate that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

The Company will need to restore positive operating cash flows and profitability over the next twelve months and/or raise additional capital to fund operations, accommodate the potential liquidity needs to retire the Debentures at their maturity, meet its payment obligations and execute its business plan. There can be no assurance that it will be successful in restoring positive cash flows and profitability, or that it can raise additional financing if and when needed, and obtain it on terms acceptable or favorable to the Company.

Management has implemented a quality control function which is tasked with the detection and correction of product issues before they result in significant rework expenditures affecting the Company’s gross margins. The Company has introduced a new full high definition in-car video system (DVM-800 HD), which is intended to help it regain market share and improve revenues in its law enforcement division. The Company has increased its addressable market to non-law enforcement customers and has obtained significant new non-law enforcement contracts in 2017, which contracts include recurring revenue over the 2017 to 2019 period. Management believes that its quality control initiative, introduction of the DVM-800 HD for law enforcement and expansion to non-law enforcement sales channels will restore positive operating cash flows and profitability during the next year, although it can offer no assurances in this regard.

The Company’s plan also includes raising additional capital, and is currently considering the issuance of debt, equity or a combination of both within the next 90 days. In addition, the Company is considering reducing the exercise price on outstanding common stock purchase warrants in order to induce holders to exercise which would generate working capital. The Company has demonstrated its ability to raise new debt or equity capital in recent years and if necessary, it believes that it could raise additional capital during the next 12 months if required, but again can offer no assurances in this regard. Based on the uncertainties described above, the Company believes its business plan does not alleviate the existence of substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements in this Report.

The following is a summary of the Company’s Significant Accounting Policies:

Basis of Consolidation:

The accompanying financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Digital Ally and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Digital Ally International, Inc., MP Ally, LLC, Medical Devices Ally, LLC and Digitaldeck, LLC. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated during consolidation.

The Company formed Digital Ally International, Inc. during August 2009 to facilitate the export sales of its products. In addition, Medical Devices Ally, LLC was formed in July 2014, MP Ally, LLC was formed in July 2015, and Digitaldeck, LLC was formed in June 2017, all of which have been inactive since formation.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments:

The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The Company accounts for its derivative liabilities and its secured convertible debentures on a fair value basis.

Revenue Recognition:

Revenues from the sale of products are recorded when the product is shipped, title and risk of loss have transferred to the purchaser, payment terms are fixed or determinable and payment is reasonably assured. Customers do not have a right to return the product other than for warranty reasons for which they would only receive repair services or replacement product.

The Company sells its products and services to law enforcement and commercial customers in the following manner:

●	Sales to domestic customers are made direct to the end customer (typically a law enforcement agency or a commercial customer) through its sales force, which is composed of its employees. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the end customer.
●	Sales to international customers are made through independent distributors who purchase products from the Company at a wholesale price and sell to the end user (typically law enforcement agencies or a commercial customer) at a retail price. The distributor retains the margin as its compensation for its role in the transaction. The distributor generally maintains product inventory, customer receivables and all related risks and rewards of ownership. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the distributor consistent with the terms of the distribution agreement.
	Repair parts and services for domestic and international customers are generally handled by its inside customer service employees. Revenue is recognized upon shipment of the repair parts and acceptance of the service or materials by the end customer.

Sales taxes collected on products sold are excluded from revenues and are reported as an accrued expense in the accompanying balance sheets until payments are remitted.

Service and other revenue is comprised of revenues from extended warranties, repair services, cloud revenue and software revenue. Revenue is recognized upon shipment of the product and acceptance of the service or materials by the end customer for repair services. Revenue for extended warranty, cloud service or other software-based are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the contracted warranty or service period on a straight-line method.

Extended warranties are offered on selected products and when a customer purchases an extended warranty the associated proceeds are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the extended warranty on a straight-line method.

Multiple element arrangements consisting of product, software, cloud and extended warranties are offered to our customers. Revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables are divided into separate units and revenue is allocated using the relative selling price method based upon vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price or third-party evidence of the selling prices if vendor-specific objective evidence of selling prices does not exist. If neither vendor-specific objective evidence nor third-party evidence exists, management uses its best estimate of selling price. The majority of the Company’s allocations of arrangement consideration under multiple element arrangements are performed using vendor-specific objective evidence by utilizing prices charged to customers for deliverables when sold separately. The Company’s multiple element arrangements may include future in-car or body-worn camera devices to be delivered at defined points within a multi-year contract, and in those arrangements, the Company allocates total arrangement consideration over the life of the multi-year contract to future deliverables using management’s best estimate of selling price. The Company has not utilized third-party evidence of selling price.

Sales returns and allowances aggregated $13,736 and $123,703 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $(27,585) and $201,990 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Obligations for estimated sales returns and allowances are recognized at the time of sales on an accrual basis. The accrual is determined based upon historical return rates adjusted for known changes in key variables affecting these return rates. A customer paid under a sales transaction in March 2017 that had been accrued to be returned at December 31, 2016, which the caused the negative sales returns for the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Use of Estimates:

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents include funds on hand, in bank and short-term investments with original maturities of ninety (90) days or less.

Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal or use under the terms of the secured convertible debentures are presented as restricted cash separate from cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying balance sheet.

Accounts Receivable:

Accounts receivable are carried at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a weekly basis. The Company determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables and considering a customer’s financial condition, credit history, and current economic conditions. Trade receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously written off are recorded when received.

A trade receivable is considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding for more than thirty (30) days beyond terms. No interest is charged on overdue trade receivables.

Inventories:

Inventories consist of electronic parts, circuitry boards, camera parts and ancillary parts (collectively, “components”), work-in-process and finished goods, and are carried at the lower of cost (First-in, First-out Method) or market value. The Company determines the estimate for the reserve for slow moving or obsolete inventories by regularly evaluating individual inventory levels, projected sales and current economic conditions.

Furniture, fixtures and equipment:

Furniture, fixtures and equipment is stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation. Additions and improvements are capitalized while ordinary maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is recorded by the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which ranges from three to ten years. Amortization expense on capitalized leases is included with depreciation expense.

Intangible assets:

Intangible assets include deferred patent costs and license agreements. Legal expenses incurred in preparation of patent application have been deferred and will be amortized over the useful life of granted patents. Costs incurred in preparation of applications that are not granted will be charged to expense at that time. The Company has entered into several sublicense agreements under which it has been assigned the exclusive rights to certain licensed materials used in its products. These sublicense agreements generally require upfront payments to obtain the exclusive rights to such material. The Company capitalizes the upfront payments as intangible assets and amortizes such costs over their estimated useful life on a straight-line method.

Secured convertible debentures:

The Company has elected to record its Debentures at fair value. Accordingly, the Debentures will be marked-to-market at each reporting date with the change in fair value reported as a gain (loss) in the statement of operations. All issuance costs related to the Debentures were expensed as incurred in the statement of operations.

Long-Lived Assets:

Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party appraisals, as considered necessary.

Warranties:

The Company’s products carry explicit product warranties that extend up to two years from the date of shipment. The Company records a provision for estimated warranty costs based upon historical warranty loss experience and periodically adjusts these provisions to reflect actual experience. Accrued warranty costs are included in accrued expenses. Extended warranties are offered on selected products and when a customer purchases an extended warranty the associated proceeds are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the extended warranty.

Shipping and Handling Costs:

Shipping and handling costs for outbound sales orders totaled $19,661 and $21,650 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $40,091 and $46,219 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Such costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Advertising Costs:

Advertising expense includes costs related to trade shows and conventions, promotional material and supplies, and media costs. Advertising costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. The Company incurred total advertising expense of approximately $143,053 and $194,944 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $270,329 and $321,412 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Such costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Income Taxes:

Deferred taxes are provided for by the liability method in which deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

The Company applies the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 740 - Income Taxes that provides a framework for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and provided a comprehensive model to recognize, measure, present, and disclose in its financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. It initially recognizes tax positions in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Application requires numerous estimates based on available information. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, and it recognized tax positions and tax benefits may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes. As it obtains additional information, the Company may need to periodically adjust its recognized tax positions and tax benefits. These periodic adjustments may have a material impact on its consolidated statements of operations.

The Company’s policy is to record estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. There was no interest expense related to the underpayment of estimated taxes during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. There have been no penalties in the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various states. As of June 30, 2017, the Company’s tax returns filed for 2013, 2014, and 2015 and to be filed for 2016 are subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities. With few exceptions, as of June 30, 2017, the Company is no longer subject to Federal, state, or local examinations by tax authorities for years before 2013.

Research and Development Expenses:

The Company expenses all research and development costs as incurred. Development costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed are subject to capitalization beginning when a product’s technological feasibility has been established and ending when a product is available for general release to customers. In most instances, the Company’s products are released soon after technological feasibility has been established. Costs incurred subsequent to achievement of technological feasibility were not significant, and software development costs were expensed as incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

Common Stock Purchase Warrants:

The Company has common stock purchase warrants that are accounted for as liabilities under the caption of derivative liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and recorded at fair value due to the warrant agreements containing anti-dilution provisions. The change in fair value being recorded in the consolidated statement of operation.

The Company has common stock purchase warrants that are accounted for as equity based on their relative fair value and are not subject to remeasurement.

Stock-Based Compensation:

The Company grants stock-based compensation to its employees, board of directors and certain third party contractors. Share-based compensation arrangements may include the issuance of options to purchase common stock in the future or the issuance of restricted stock, which generally are subject to vesting requirements. The Company records stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation granted based on the grant-date fair value. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.

The Company estimates the grant-date fair value of stock-based compensation using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Assumptions used to estimate compensation expense are determined as follows:

● Expected term is determined using the contractual term and vesting period of the award;

● Expected volatility of award grants made in the Company’s plan is measured using the weighted average of historical daily changes in the market price of the Company’s common stock over the period equal to the expected term of the award;

● Expected dividend rate is determined based on expected dividends to be declared;

● Risk-free interest rate is equivalent to the implied yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds with a maturity equal to the expected term of the awards; and

● Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

Segments of Business:

Management has determined that its operations are comprised of one reportable segment: the sale of digital audio and video recording and speed detection devices. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, sales by geographic area were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Sales by geographic area:
United States of America	$	3,426,461	$	4,371,180	$	8,626,515	$	8,462,394
Foreign		60,041		13,231		89,847		326,960
	$	3,486,502	$	4,384,411	$	8,716,362	$	8,789,354

Sales to customers outside of the United States are denominated in U.S. dollars. All Company assets are physically located within the United States.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation:

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company has not yet selected a transition method and is currently evaluating the standard and the impact on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The amendments in the ASU require entities that measure inventory using the first-in, first-out or average cost methods to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined as estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. ASU 2015-11 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016 on a prospective basis. This ASU will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2017 and such adoption did not have any impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This ASU simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes by eliminating the requirement for entities to separate deferred tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in classified balance sheets. Instead, it requires deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent in the balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2017 and such adoption did not have any impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The objective of ASU 2016-02 is to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fisical years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of ASU 2016-02 is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated fnancial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The objective of ASU 2016-09 is to reduce the complexity of certain aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions. As a result of this ASU, there are changes to minimum statutory withholding requirements, accounting for forfeitures, and accounting for income taxes. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2017 and elected to account for forfeitures as they occur and has resulted in a credit to stock-based compensation of $256,167 relative to forfeitures during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Clarification on Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments on the Statement of Cash Flows, to create consistency in the classification of eight specific cash flow items. This standard is effective for calendar-year SEC registrants beginning in 2018. The Company is evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash (Topic 230), which amends the existing guidance relating to the disclosure of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within that fiscal year, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-18 on its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718)-Scope of Modification Accounting, to provide guidance on determining which changes to terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2016 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for complete financial statements.

For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

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Concentration of Credit Risk and Major Customers

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Concentration of Credit Risk and Major Customers

NOTE 3. CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of accounts receivable. Sales to domestic customers are typically made on credit and the Company generally does not require collateral while sales to international customers require payment before shipment or backing by an irrevocable letter or credit. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and maintains an allowance for estimated losses. Accounts are written off when deemed uncollectible and accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $70,000 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

The Company uses primarily a network of unaffiliated distributors for international sales and employee-based direct sales force for domestic sales. No distributor individually exceeded 10% of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 or June 30, 2016. One individual customer receivable balances exceeded 10% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2017, and totaled $289,499. Two individual customer receivable balances exceeded 10% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2016, and totaled $660,136.

The Company purchases finished circuit boards and other proprietary component parts from suppliers located in the United States and on a limited basis from Asia. Although the Company obtains certain of these components from single source suppliers, it generally owns all tooling and management has located alternative suppliers to reduce the risk in most cases to supplier problems that could result in significant production delays. The Company has not historically experienced significant supply disruptions from any of its principal vendors and does not anticipate future supply disruptions. The Company acquires most of its components on a purchase order basis and does not have long-term contracts with its suppliers.

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Inventories

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

NOTE 4. INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Raw material and component parts	$	4,529,183		$	4,015,170
Work-in-process		491,504			355,715
Finished goods		7,620,996			7,215,346
Subtotal		12,641,683			11,586,231
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory		(2,326,204	)		(1,999,920	)
Total	$	10,315,479		$	9,586,311

Finished goods inventory includes units held by potential customers and sales agents for test and evaluation purposes. The cost of such units totaled $692,594 and $634,059 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

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Furnitures, Fixtures and Equipment

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Furnitures, Fixtures and Equipment

NOTE 5. FURNITURE, FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT

Furniture, fixtures and equipment consisted of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	Estimated Useful Life		June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment		3-10 years	$	901,232		$	1,074,533
Warehouse and production equipment		3-5 years		502,821			643,250
Demonstration and tradeshow equipment		2-5 years		426,582			451,750
Leasehold improvements		2-5 years		160,198			153,828
Rental equipment		1-3 years		68,095			60,354
Total cost				2,058,928			2,383,715
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization				(1,142,368	)		(1,509,813	)
Net furniture, fixtures and equipment			$	916,560		$	873,902

Depreciation and amortization of furniture, fixtures and equipment aggregated $261,938 and $274,889 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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Secured Convertible Debentures, Subordinated Notes Payable, and Capital Lease Obligations

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Secured Convertible Debentures, Subordinated Notes Payable, and Capital Lease Obligations

NOTE 6. SECURED CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES, SUBORDINATED NOTES PAYABLE, AND CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS

2016 Secured Convertible Debentures. Secured Convertible Debentures is comprised of the following:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value	$	3,926,258		$	4,000,000
Less: Current maturities of long-term debt, at fair value		(3,926,258	)		—
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value-long-term	$	—		$	4,000,000

On December 30, 2016, the Company completed a private placement (the “Private Placement”) of $4.0 million in principal amount of the Debentures and common stock warrants (the “Warrants”) to two institutional investors. The Debentures and Warrants were issued pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) between the Company and the purchasers’ signatory thereto (the “Holders”). The Private Placement resulted in gross proceeds of $4.0 million before placement agent fees and other expenses associated with the transaction totaling $281,570, which was expensed as incurred.

The Company elected to account for the Debentures on the fair value basis. Therefore, the Company determined the fair value of the Debentures utilizing Monte Carlo simulation models which yielded an estimated fair value of $4.0 million for the Debentures including their embedded derivatives as of the origination date. No value was allocated to the detachable Warrants as of the origination date because of the relative fair value of the convertible note including its embedded derivative features approximated the gross proceeds of the financing transaction. The change in the fair value of the Debentures fair value between December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2017 was $(73,742) and was reflected as a charge in the Condensed Statement of Operations.

Prior to the maturity date, the Debentures bear interest at 8% per annum with interest payable in cash quarterly in arrears on the first business day of each calendar quarter following the issuance date. The Debentures rank senior to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness and are secured by substantially all tangible and certain intangible assets of the Company.

The Debentures are convertible at any time six months after their date of issue at the option of the holders into shares of the Company’s common stock at $5.00 per share (the “Conversion Price”). The Debentures mature on March 30, 2018. The Warrants are exercisable to purchase up to an aggregate of 800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock commencing on the date of issuance at an exercise price of $5.00 per share (the “Exercise Price”). The Warrants will expire on the fifth anniversary of their date of issuance. The Conversion Price and Exercise Price are subject to adjustment upon stock splits, reverse stock splits, and similar capital changes.

The Company has the right, subject to certain limitations, to redeem the Debenture with 30 days advance notice with the redemption amount determined as the sum of (a) 112% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Debenture, (b) accrued but unpaid interest and (c) all liquidated damages and other amounts due in respect of the Debenture, if any.

Additionally, if following the six-month anniversary of the Original Issue Date, the VWAP (volume weighted average price), for each of any ten (10) consecutive trading days exceeds $7.50 per share, the Company has the right, subject to certain limitations, to provide written notice to the Holders to cause them to convert all or part of the then outstanding principal amount of the Debenture plus accrued but unpaid interest.

Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the Debentures bear interest at 18% per annum and a Holder may require the Company to redeem all or a portion of its Debenture. The Company has agreed to maintain a cash balance of $500,000 while the Debentures are outstanding, which is reflected as restricted cash in the accompanying balance sheet. The Holders have agreed to beneficial conversion limitation that effectively blocks either Holder from converting the Debenture or exercising the Warrant to the extent that such conversion or exercise would result in the Holder being the beneficial owner in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election of purchaser, 9.99%), which beneficial ownership limitation may be increased or decreased up to 9.99% upon notice to the Company, provided that any increase in such limitation will not be effective until 61 days following notice to the Company.

Subordinated Notes Payable. Subordinated notes payable is comprised of the following:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Subordinated notes payable, at par	$	700,000		$	—
Unamortized discount		(288,895	)		—
Total notes payable	$	411,105		$	—

On June 30, 2017, the Company, in two separate transactions, borrowed an aggregate of $700,000 under two unsecured notes payable to private, third-party lenders. The loans were funded on June 30, 2017 and both are represented by promissory notes (the “Notes”) that bear interest at the rate of 8% per annum with principal and accrued interest payable on or before their maturity date of September 30, 2017. The Notes are unsecured and subordinated to all existing and future senior indebtedness, as such term is defined in the Notes.

The Company granted the lenders warrants (the “Warrants”) exercisable to purchase a total of 200,000 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $3.65 per share until June 29, 2022.

The Company allocated $288,895 of the proceeds of the Notes to additional paid-in-capital, which represented the grant date relative fair value of the Warrants for 200,000 common shares issued to the lenders. The discount will be amortized to interest expense ratably over the terms of the Note.

Capital Leases. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable capital leases having terms in excess of one year are as follows:

Year ending December 31:
2017 (period from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017)	$	17,149
2018		8,574
Total future minimum lease payments		25,723
Less amount representing interest		602
Present value of minimum lease payments		25,121
Less current portion		25,121
Capital lease obligations, less current portion	$	—

Assets under capital leases are included in furniture, fixtures and equipment as follows:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment	$	250,843		$	382,928
Less: accumulated amortization		(193,172	)		(294,895	)
Net furniture, fixtures and equipment	$	57,671		$	88,033

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Fair Value Measurement

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement

NOTE 7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

In accordance with ASC Topic 820 — Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), the Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, liabilities or a group of assets or liabilities, such as a business.

ASC 820 utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

● Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

● Level 2 — Other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities)

● Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value)

The following table represents the Company’s hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

	June 30, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Secured convertible debentures	$	—	$	—	$	3,926,258	$	3,926,258
Warrant derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	19,357	$	19,357
	$	—	$	—	$	3,945,615	$	3,945,615

	December 31, 2016
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Secured convertible debentures	$	—	$	—	$	4,000,000	$	4,000,000
Warrant derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	33,076	$	33,076
	$	—	$	—	$	4,033,076	$	4,033,076

The following table represents the change in level 3 tier value measurements:

	Warrant derivative liability			Secured convertible debentures			Total
December 31, 2016	$	33,076		$	4,000,000		$	4,033,076
Change in fair value		(13,719	)		(73,742	)		(87,461	)
June 30, 2017	$	19,357		$	3,926,258		$	3,945,615

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Accrued Expenses

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

NOTE 8. ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued expenses consisted of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Accrued warranty expense	$	180,535	$	374,597
Accrued senior convertible note issuance costs		—		204,000
Accrued sales commissions		32,162		36,389
Accrued payroll and related fringes		344,613		270,781
Accrued insurance		70,140		81,610
Accrued rent		159,025		182,409
Accrued sales returns and allowances		58,810		215,802
Other		201,955		177,141
	$	1,047,240	$	1,542,729

Accrued warranty expense was comprised of the following for the six months ended June 30, 2017:

	2017
Beginning balance	$	374,597
Provision for warranty expense		97,784
Charges applied to warranty reserve		(291,847	)
Ending balance	$	180,535

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

NOTE 9. INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 varied from the expected statutory rate due to the Company continuing to provide a 100% valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets. The Company determined that it was appropriate to continue the full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2017 primarily because of the current year operating losses.

The valuation allowance on deferred tax assets totaled $24,130,000 and $22,455,000 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The Company records the benefit it will derive in future accounting periods from tax losses and credits and deductible temporary differences as “deferred tax assets.” In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, “Income Taxes,” the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the carrying value of its deferred tax assets if, based on all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

At June 30, 2017, the Company had available approximately $44,200,000 of net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future taxable income generated. Such tax net operating loss carryforwards expire between 2023 and 2037. In addition, the Company had research and development tax credit carryforwards approximating $2,060,000 available as of June 30, 2017, which expire between 2023 and 2037.

The Internal Revenue Code contains provisions under Section 382 which limit a company’s ability to utilize net operating loss carry-forwards in the event that it has experienced a more than 50% change in ownership over a three-year period. Current estimates prepared by the Company indicate that due to ownership changes which have occurred, approximately $765,000 of its net operating loss and $175,000 of its research and development tax credit carryforwards are currently subject to an annual limitation of approximately $1,151,000, but may be further limited by additional ownership changes which may occur in the future. As stated above, the net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards expire between 2023 and 2037, allowing the Company to potentially utilize all of the limited net operating loss carry-forwards during the carryforward period.

As discussed in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” tax positions are evaluated in a two-step process. The Company first determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If a tax position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, it is then measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Management has identified no tax positions taken that would meet or exceed these thresholds and therefore there are no gross interest, penalties and unrecognized tax expense/benefits that are not expected to ultimately result in payment or receipt of cash in the consolidated financial statements.

The Company’s federal and state income tax returns are closed for examination purposes by relevant statute and by examination for 2012 and all prior tax years.

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

NOTE 10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases. The Company has several non-cancelable operating lease agreements for office space and warehouse space that expire at various dates through April 2020. The Company has also entered into month-to-month leases for equipment. Rent expense was $99,431 and $99,431 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $198,862 and $198,862, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Following are the minimum lease payments for each year and in total.

Year ending December 31:
2017 (period from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017)	$	223,203
2018		451,248
2019		457,327
2020		154,131
	$	1,285,909

License agreements. The Company has several license agreements whereby it has been assigned the rights to certain licensed materials used in its products. Certain of these agreements require the Company to pay ongoing royalties based on the number of products shipped containing the licensed material on a quarterly basis. Royalty expense related to these agreements aggregated $6,250 and $6,250 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $8,688 and $12,661 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Litigation.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings arising from normal business operations. Although there can be no assurances, based on the information currently available, management believes that it is probable that the ultimate outcome of each of the actions will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial statement of the Company. However, an adverse outcome in certain of the actions could have a material adverse effect on the financial results of the Company in the period in which it is recorded.

Axon Enterprise, Inc. – (Formerly Taser International, Inc.)

The Company owns U.S. Patent No. 8,781,292 (the “ ‘292 Patent”), which is directed to a system that determines when a recording device, such as a law enforcement officer’s body camera or in-car video recorder, begins recording and automatically instructs other recording devices to begin recording. The technology described in the ‘292 Patent is incorporated in the Company’s VuLink product.

The Company received notice in April 2015 that Taser International, Inc., now known as Axon Enterprises, Inc. (“Axon”), had commenced an action in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) for a re-examination of the ‘292 patent. A re-examination is essentially a request that the USPTO review whether the patent should have issued in its present form in view of the “prior art,” e.g., other patents in the same technology field. The prior art used by Axon was from an unrelated third party and was not the result of any of Axon’s own research and development efforts.

On January 14, 2016 the USPTO ultimately rejected Axon’s efforts and confirmed the validity of the ‘292 Patent with 59 claims covering various aspects of the Company’s auto-activation technology. On February 2, 2016 the USPTO issued another patent relating to the Company’s auto-activation technology for law enforcement cameras. U.S. Patent No. 9,253,452 (the “ ‘452 Patent”) generally covers the automatic activation and coordination of multiple recording devices in response to a triggering event, such as a law enforcement officer activating the light bar on the vehicle.

The Company filed suit on January 15, 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas (Case No: 2:16-cv-02032) against Axon, alleging willful patent infringement against Axon’s body camera product line. The Company later added the ‘452 patent to the suit and is seeking both monetary damages and a permanent injunction against Axon for infringement of both the ‘452 and ‘292 Patents.

In addition to the infringement claims, the Company added a new set of claims to the lawsuit alleging that Axon conspired to keep the Company out of the marketplace by engaging in improper, unethical, and unfair competition. The amended lawsuit alleges Axon bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law. The Company’s lawsuit also seeks monetary and injunctive relief, including treble damages, for these alleged violations.

Axon filed an answer which denied the patent infringement allegations on April 1, 2016. In addition, Axon filed a motion to dismiss all allegations in the complaint on March 4, 2016 for which the Company filed an amended complaint on March 18, 2016 to address certain technical deficiencies in the pleadings. Axon amended and renewed its motion to seek dismissal of the allegations that it had bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law on April 1, 2016. Formal discovery commenced on April 12, 2016 with respect to the patent related claims. In January 2017, the Court granted Axon’s motion to dismiss the portion of the lawsuit regarding claims that it had bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law. The Company has appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and is awaiting its decision.

In December 2016, Axon announced that it had commenced an action in the USPTO for inter partes review (“IPR”) of the Company’s ‘292 Patent. Previously Axon had attempted to invalidate the ‘292 Patent through a re-examination procedure at the USPTO. Axon is again attempting through its recently filed petition to convince the USPTO that Digital Ally’s patents lack patentability. Axon subsequently filed another action for an IPR against the ‘292 Patent and two more petitions against the ‘452 Patent. The USPTO rejected one of Axon’s requests on the ‘292 Patent and instituted an investigation of the other petition. As for the ‘452 Patent, the court rejected both of Axon’s requests on the petition challenging the claims at issue in the lawsuit. Axon is now statutorily precluded from filing any more IPR petitions against either the ‘292 or ‘452 Patents.

The District Court litigation in Kansas has been stayed since the filing of the petitions for IPR, The Court, however, requested an update on the status of the petitions and the Company has provided such an update after the decision was rendered which denied the final ‘452 Patent petition. Because both of Axon’s petitions for an IPR on the ‘452 Patent that related to the claims in the lawsuit were denied, the Company is seeking to lift the stay and proceed with the lawsuit to a trial where the question of infringement and damages can be addressed.

Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video

On May 27, 2016 the Company filed suit against Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video (“WatchGuard”), (Case No. 2:16-cv-02349-JTM-JPO) alleging patent infringement based on WatchGuard’s VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines.

The USPTO has granted multiple patents to the Company with claims covering numerous features, such as automatically activating all deployed cameras in response to the activation of just one camera. Additionally, Digital Ally’s patent claims cover automatic coordination as well as digital synchronization between multiple recording devices. Digital Ally also has patent coverage directed to the coordination between a multi-camera system and an officer’s smartphone, which allows an officer to more readily assess an event on the scene while an event is taking place or immediately after it has occurred.

The Company’s lawsuit alleges that WatchGuard incorporated this patented technology into its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines without its permission. Specifically, Digital Ally is accusing WatchGuard of infringing three patents: the ‘292 and ‘452 Patents and U.S. Patent No. 9,325,950 the (“ ‘950 Patent”). The Company is aggressively challenging WatchGuard’s infringing conduct, seeking both monetary damages, as well as seeking a permanent injunction preventing WatchGuard from continuing to sell its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines using Digital Ally’s own technology to compete against it. On May 8, 2017, Watchguard filed a petition seeking IPR of the ‘950 Patent. The Company will vigorously oppose that petition. The Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) will not issue a decision on whether to institute until approximately November 2017. The lawsuit has been stayed pending a decision from the USPTO on whether to institute that petition.

Utility Associates, Inc.

On October 25, 2013, the Company filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas (2:13-cv-02550-SAC) to eliminate threats by a competitor, Utility Associates, Inc. (“Utility”), of alleged patent infringement regarding U.S. Patent No. 6,831,556 (the “ ‘556 Patent”). Specifically, the lawsuit seeks a declaration that the Company’s mobile video surveillance systems do not infringe any claim of the ‘556 Patent. The Company became aware that Utility had mailed letters to current and prospective purchasers of its mobile video surveillance systems threatening that the use of such systems purchased from third parties not licensed to the ‘556 Patent would create liability for them for patent infringement. The Company rejected Utility’s assertion and is vigorously defending the right of end-users to purchase such systems from providers other than Utility. The United States District Court for the District of Kansas dismissed the lawsuit because it decided that Kansas was not the proper jurisdictional forum for the dispute. The District Court’s decision was not a ruling on the merits of the case. The Company appealed the decision and the Federal Circuit affirmed the District Court’s previous decision.

In addition, the Company began proceedings to invalidate the ‘556 Patent through a request for IPR of the ‘556 patent at the USPTO. On July 27, 2015, the USPTO invalidated key claims in Utility’s ‘556 Patent. The Final Decision from the USPTO significantly curtails Utility’s ability to threaten law enforcement agencies, municipalities, and others with infringement of the ‘556 Patent. Utility appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit denied Utility’s appeal and therefore confirmed the ruling of the USPTO. This denial of Utility’s appeal finalized the USPTO’s ruling in Digital’s favor and the matter is now concluded.

On June 6, 2014 the Company filed an Unfair Competition lawsuit against Utility in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. In the lawsuit it contends that Utility has defamed the Company and illegally interfered with its contracts, customer relationships and business expectancies by falsely asserting to its customers and others that its products violate the ‘556 Patent, of which Utility claims to be the holder.

The suit also includes claims against Utility for tortious interference with contracts and violation of the Kansas Uniform Trade Secrets Act (KUSTA), arising out of Utility’s employment of the Company’s employees, in violation of that employee’s Non-Competition and Confidentiality agreements with the Company. In addition to damages, the Company seeks temporary, preliminary, and permanent injunctive relief, prohibiting Utility from, among other things, continuing to threaten or otherwise interfere with the Company’s customers. On March 4, 2015, an initial hearing was held upon the Company’s request for injunctive relief.

Based upon facts revealed at the March 4, 2015 hearing, on March 16, 2015, the Company sought leave to amend its Complaint in the Kansas suit to assert additional claims against Utility. Those new claims include claims of actual or attempted monopolization, in violation of § 2 of the Sherman Act, claims arising under a new Georgia statute that prohibits threats of patent infringement in “bad faith,” and additional claims of unfair competition/false advertising in violation of § 63(a) of the Lanham Act. As these statutes expressly provide, the Company will seek treble damages, punitive damages and attorneys’ fees as well as injunctive relief. The Court concluded its hearing on April 22, 2015, and allowed the Company leave to amend its complaint, but denied its preliminary injunction. The discovery stage of the lawsuit expired in May 2016. Utility filed a Motion for Summary Judgment and the Company filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. On March 30, 2017, the Court entered its order granting Utility’s motion and denying the Company’s motion for summary judgment in their entireties. The Company believes the District Court made several errors when ruling on the motions for summary judgment in light of the USPTO’s final decision issued on July 27, 2015 and the various facts and admissions already presented to such Court and is filing an appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.

On September 13, 2014, Utility filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia against the Company alleging infringement of the ‘556 Patent. The suit was served on the Company on September 20, 2014. As alleged in the Company’s first filed lawsuit described above, the Company believes that the ‘556 Patent is both invalid and not infringed. Further, the USPTO has issued its final decision invalidating 23 of the 25 claims asserted in the ‘556 Patent, as noted above. The Company believes that the suit filed by Utility is without merit and is vigorously defending the claims asserted against the Company. An adverse resolution of the foregoing litigation or patent proceedings could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. The Court stayed all proceedings with respect to this lawsuit pending the outcome of the patent review performed by the USPTO and the appellate court. Based on the USPTO’s final decision to invalidate substantially all claims contained in the ‘556 Patent and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit full denial of Utility’s appeal, the Company intends to file for summary judgment in its favor if Utility does not request outright dismissal.

The Company is also involved as a plaintiff and defendant in ordinary, routine litigation and administrative proceedings incidental to its business from time to time, including customer collections, vendor and employment-related matters. The Company believes the likely outcome of any other pending cases and proceedings will not be material to its business or its financial condition.

Sponsorship. On April 16, 2015 the Company entered into a Title Sponsorship Agreement (the “Agreement”) under which it became the title sponsor for a Web.com Tour golf tournament (the “Tournament”) held annually in the Kansas City Metropolitan area. The Agreement provides the Company with naming rights and other benefits for the 2015 through 2019 annual Tournament in exchange for the following sponsorship fee:

Year	Sponsorship fee
2015	$	375,000
2016	$	475,000
2017	$	475,000
2018	$	500,000
2019	$	500,000

The Company has the right to sell and retain the proceeds from the sale of additional sponsorships, including but not limited to a presenting sponsorship, a concert sponsorship and founding partnerships for the Tournament. The Company recorded a net sponsorship expense of $6,595 and $-0-, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

401 (k) Plan. In July 2008, the Company amended and restated its 401(k) retirement savings plan. The amended plan requires the Company to provide 100% matching contributions for employees who elect to contribute up to 3% of their compensation to the plan and 50% matching contributions for employee’s elective deferrals on the next 2% of their contributions. The Company has made matching contributions totaling $47,055 and $47,453 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $94,326 and $88,711 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Each participant is 100% vested at all times in employee and employer matching contributions.

Consulting and Distributor Agreements. The Company entered into an agreement that requires it to make monthly payments which will be applied to future commissions and/or consulting fees to be earned by the provider. The agreement is with a limited liability company (“LLC”) that is minority owned by a relative of the Company’s chief financial officer. Under the agreement, dated January 15, 2016, the LLC provides consulting services for developing a new distribution channel outside of law enforcement for its body-worn camera and related cloud storage products to customers in the United States. The Company paid the LLC and advance against commissions ranging from $5,000 to $6,000 per month plus necessary and reasonable expenses for a period of one year beginning January 2016, which can be automatically extended based on the LLC achieving minimum sales quotas. The agreement was renewed in January 2017 for a period of three years, subject to yearly minimum sales thresholds that would allow the Company to terminate the contract if such minimums are not met. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had advanced a total of $289,315 pursuant to this agreement.

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Stock-Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

NOTE 11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company recorded pretax compensation expense related to the grant of stock options and restricted stock issued of $115,756 and $355,236, for the three ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, and $502,789 and $781,066 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

As of June 30, 2017, the Company had adopted seven separate stock option and restricted stock plans: (i) the 2005 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2005 Plan”), (ii) the 2006 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2006 Plan”), (iii) the 2007 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2007 Plan”), (iv) the 2008 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2008 Plan”), (v) the 2011 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2011 Plan”), (vi) the 2013 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2013 Plan”) and (vii) the 2015 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The 2005 Plan, 2006 Plan, 2007 Plan, 2008 Plan, 2011 Plan, 2013 Plan and 2015 Plan are referred to as the “Plans.”

These Plans permit the grant of stock options or restricted stock to its employees, non-employee directors and others for up to a total of 1,925,000 shares of common stock. The 2005 Plan terminated during 2015 with 28 shares not awarded or underlying options, which shares are now unavailable for issuance. Stock options granted under the 2005 Plan that remain unexercised and outstanding as of June 30, 2017 total 26,813. The 2006 Plan terminated during 2016 with 4,505 shares not awarded or underlying options, which shares are now unavailable for issuance. Stock options granted under the 2006 Plan that remain unexercised and outstanding as of June 30, 2017 total 62,080. The 2007 Plan terminated during 2017 with 48,500 shares not awarded or underlying options, which shares are now unavailable for issuance. Stock options granted under the 2007 Plan that remain unexercised and outstanding as of June 30, 2017 total 41,875.

The Company believes that such awards better align the interests of our employees with those of its stockholders. Option awards have been granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of its stock at the date of grant with such option awards generally vesting based on the completion of continuous service and having ten-year contractual terms. These option awards typically provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the Plans). The Company has registered all shares of common stock that are issuable under its Plans with the SEC. A total of 8,363 shares remained available for awards under the various Plans as of June 30, 2017.

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. There were no stock options issued during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Activity in the various Plans during the six months ended June 30, 2017 is reflected in the following table:

Options	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2017		362,440		$	18.46
Granted		—			—
Exercised		—			—
Forfeited		(52,609	)		(12.02	)
Outstanding at June 30, 2017		309,831		$	19.37
Exercisable at June 30, 2017		301,031		$	19.84
Weighted-average fair value for options granted during the period at fair value		—		$	—

The Plans allow for the cashless exercise of stock options. This provision allows the option holder to surrender/cancel options with an intrinsic value equivalent to the purchase/exercise price of other options exercised. There were no shares surrendered pursuant to cashless exercises during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

At June 30, 2017, the aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding was approximately $-0-, and the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable was approximately $-0-. No options were exercised in the six months ended June 30, 2017.

As of June 30, 2017, the unrecognized portion of stock compensation expense on all existing stock options was $41,163, which will be recognized over the next 3 months.

The following table summarizes the range of exercise prices and weighted average remaining contractual life for outstanding and exercisable options under the Company’s option plans as of June 30, 2017:

		Outstanding options				Exercisable options
Exercise price range		Number of options		Weighted average remaining contractual life		Number of options		Weighted average remaining contractual life
$	0.01 to $3.99		98,124		7.0 years		89,324		7.0 years
$	4.00 to $6.99		34,125		5.2 years		34,125		5.2 years
$	7.00 to $9.99		18,444		4.2 years		18,444		4.2 years
$	10.00 to $12.99		6,200		1.9 years		6,200		1.9 years
$	13.00 to $15.99		51,438		3.2 years		51,438		3.2 years
$	16.00 to $18.99		—		0.0 years		—		0.0 years
$	19.00 to $29.99		6,500		2.1 years		6,500		2.4 years
$	30.00 to $55.00		95,000		0.5 years		95,000		0.5 years
			309,831		3.8 years		301,031		3.7 years

Restricted stock grants. The Board of Directors has granted restricted stock awards under the Plans. Restricted stock awards are valued on the date of grant and have no purchase price for the recipient. Restricted stock awards typically vest over nine months to four years corresponding to anniversaries of the grant date. Under the Plans, unvested shares of restricted stock awards may be forfeited upon the termination of service to or employment with the Company, depending upon the circumstances of termination. Except for restrictions placed on the transferability of restricted stock, holders of unvested restricted stock have full stockholder’s rights, including voting rights and the right to receive cash dividends.

A summary of all restricted stock activity under the equity compensation plans for the six months ended June 30, 2017 is as follows:

	Number of Restricted shares			Weighted average grant date fair value
Nonvested balance, January 1, 2017		495,300		$	5.75
Granted		200,000			5.10
Vested		(136,750	)		(6.47	)
Forfeited		(9,200	)		(6.47	)
Nonvested balance, June 30, 2017		549,350		$	5.78

The Company estimated the fair market value of these restricted stock grants based on the closing market price on the date of grant. As of June 30, 2017, there were $1,674,139 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to all remaining non-vested restricted stock grants, which will be amortized over the next 42 months in accordance with the respective vesting scale.

The nonvested balance of restricted stock vests as follows:

Year ended December 31,	Number of shares
2017 (July 1 through December 31)		55,300
2018		183,450
2019		289,100
2020		21,500

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Common Stock Purchase Warrants

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Common Stock Purchase Warrants

Common Stock Purchase Warrants

NOTE 12. COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANTS

The Company has issued common stock purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) in conjunction with various debt and equity issuances. The Warrants are immediately exercisable and allow the holders to purchase up to 2,579,290 shares of common stock at $3.65 to $16.50 per share as of June 30, 2017. The Warrants expire from July 22, 2017 through June 30, 2022 and allow for cashless exercise.

	Warrants		Weighted average exercise price
Vested Balance, January 1, 2016		2,379,290	$	10.47
Granted		200,000		3.65
Exercised		—		—
Cancelled		—		—
Vested Balance, March 31, 2017		2,579,290	$	9.94

The total intrinsic value of all outstanding Warrants aggregated $-0- as of June 30, 2017 and the weighted average remaining term is 30 months.

The following table summarizes the range of exercise prices and weighted average remaining contractual life for outstanding and exercisable Warrants to purchase common shares as of June 30, 2017:

		Outstanding and exercisable warrants
Exercise price		Number of options		Weighted average remaining contractual life
$	3.65		200,000		5.0 years
$	3.65		12,200		2.2 years
$	5.00		800,000		4.5 years
$	8.50		42,500		1.4 years
$	13.43		639,824		0.1 years
$	13.43		879,766		3.5 years
$	16.50		5,000		3.0 years
			2,379,290		2.5 years

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Net Loss Per Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

NOTE 13. NET LOSS PER SHARE

The calculation of the weighted average number of shares outstanding and loss per share outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

	Three months ended March 31,
	2017			2016
Numerator for basic and diluted loss per share – Net loss	$	(2,032,955	)	$	(2,313,125	)
Denominator for basic loss per share – weighted average shares outstanding		5,632,077			5,246,148
Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock options and warrants outstanding		—			—
Denominator for diluted loss per share – adjusted weighted average shares outstanding		5,632,077			5,246,148
Net loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.36	)	$	(0.44	)
Diluted	$	(0.36	)	$	(0.44	)

Basic loss per share is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, all outstanding stock options to purchase common stock were antidilutive, and, therefore, not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share.

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Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

NOTE 14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On July 6, 2017 and August 3, 2017, the USPTO rendered its final decisions to decline to institute an inter partes reviews (IPR) against Digital Ally’s ‘452 Patent as requested by Axon. These represented Axon’s final attempts to invalidate the claims of Digital Ally’s ‘452 Patent in front of the USPTO. Axon had previously filed petitions for two IPRs against Digital Ally’s ‘452 Patent. On July 6, 2017, the USPTO denied institution of Axon’s first IPR action on the ‘452 Patent, finding that Axon had not established even a reasonable likelihood that the challenged claims would be found unpatentable after completion of an IPR trial. On August 3, 2017, the USPTO issued a decision denying institution of Axon’s second IPR request on the ‘452 Patent. Axon has twice unsuccessfully attempted to invalidate claims in the ‘452 Patent and is now statutorily barred from filing any further IPRs against the ‘452 Patent, as well as against the ‘292 Patent.

In the four IPRs that Axon filed against Digital Ally’s ‘292 and ‘452 Patents, Axon has lost on three of the IPR petitions by failing to persuade the USPTO to even institute a hearing. The result of the fourth IPR, which only challenges certain claims of the ‘292 Patent, has yet to be decided by the USPTO, with a decision expected to be rendered approximately during the first quarter of 2018. For the fourth and only remaining IPR, Digital Ally is vigorously defending Axon’s claims of unpatentability and is looking forward to confirming the uniqueness of its innovation.

The Company held a Special Meeting of its shareholders (the “Special Meeting”) on Monday, August 14, 2017. There were sufficient shares of common stock represented in person or by proxy at the Special Meeting to establish a quorum. The matters voted upon at the Special Meeting and the results of such voting were:

● Ratification of an amendment to its Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of its capital stock that it may issue from 9,375,000 to 25,000,000, of which all 25,000,000 shares shall be classified as common stock; and

● An amendment to the 2015 Digital Ally, Inc. Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance under such Plan by 500,000.

Both matters were ratified/approved at the Special Meeting.

At the 2016 Annual Meeting, the Company reported that the stockholders had voted to approve the amendment of its Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of its capital stock from 25,000,000 to 35,000,000, of which 10,000,000 shares would be classified as Blank Check Preferred (the “Blank Check Preferred Amendment”). On June 24, 2016, the Company filed the Blank Check Preferred Amendment with the Nevada Secretary of State, and it became effective the same day. A question was recently raised regarding the validity of the vote taken on the Blank Check Preferred Amendment. Upon investigation, the Company determined that there was a problem with the vote taken respecting the Blank Check Preferred Amendment. Accordingly, the Company will make appropriate filings with the Nevada Secretary of State to rescind the Blank Check Preferred Amendment. It is important to note in this connection that the Company has not issued, or committed to issue, any shares of the Blank Check Preferred.

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Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Business

Nature of Business:

Digital Ally, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, “Digital Ally,” “Digital,” the “Company,” “we,” “ours” and “us”) produces digital video imaging and storage products for use in law enforcement, security and commercial applications. Its products are an in-car digital video/audio recorder contained in a rear-view mirror for use in law enforcement and commercial fleets; a system that provides its law enforcement customers with audio/video surveillance from multiple vantage points and hands-free automatic activation of body-worn cameras and in-car video systems; a miniature digital video system designed to be worn on an individual’s body; a weather-resistant mobile digital video recording system for use on motorcycles, ATV’s and boats; a hand-held laser speed detection device that it is offering primarily to law enforcement agencies; and cloud storage solutions. The Company has active research and development programs to adapt its technologies to other applications. It can integrate electronic, radio, computer, mechanical, and multi-media technologies to create unique solutions to address needs in a variety of other industries and markets, including mass transit, school bus, taxi cab and the military. The Company sells its products to law enforcement agencies and other security organizations and consumer and commercial fleet operators through direct sales domestically and third-party distributors internationally.

The Company was originally incorporated in Nevada on December 13, 2000 as Vegas Petra, Inc. and had no operations until 2004. On November 30, 2004, Vegas Petra, Inc. entered into a Plan of Merger with Digital Ally, Inc., at which time the merged entity was renamed Digital Ally, Inc.

Management's Liquidity Plan

Management’s Liquidity Plan

The Company incurred substantial operating losses in the six months ended June 30, 2017 and recent years primarily due to reduced revenues and gross margins caused by specific product quality issues resulting in the significant delays in customer orders and product rework expenditures. In addition, the Company accessed the capital markets to raise approximately $700,000 on June 30, 2017, $4.0 million in December 2016 and $11.0 million in 2015 to fund its operations until it achieves positive cash flows from operations. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $54.0 million and has financed its recent operations primarily through debt and equity financings. During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and year ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred net losses of approximately $4.4 and $12.7 million, respectively, and used cash in operating activities of $3.4 million and $5.9 million, respectively. The $700,000 principal amount of subordinated notes payable (the “Notes”) matures on September 30, 2017. Additionally, the $4.0 million principal amount of 8% Secured Convertible Debentures (the “Debentures”) matures in March 2018 unless the Debentures are converted by their holders ($5.00 per share conversion rate) before maturity. The Notes and Debentures represent current liabilities as of June 30, 2017 and will require the Company to raise substantial funds to liquidate if operating results do not improve before the maturity dates of such Notes and Debentures. These conditions indicate that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

The Company will need to restore positive operating cash flows and profitability over the next twelve months and/or raise additional capital to fund operations, accommodate the potential liquidity needs to retire the Debentures at their maturity, meet its payment obligations and execute its business plan. There can be no assurance that it will be successful in restoring positive cash flows and profitability, or that it can raise additional financing if and when needed, and obtain it on terms acceptable or favorable to the Company.

Management has implemented a quality control function which is tasked with the detection and correction of product issues before they result in significant rework expenditures affecting the Company’s gross margins. The Company has introduced a new full high definition in-car video system (DVM-800 HD), which is intended to help it regain market share and improve revenues in its law enforcement division. The Company has increased its addressable market to non-law enforcement customers and has obtained significant new non-law enforcement contracts in 2017, which contracts include recurring revenue over the 2017 to 2019 period. Management believes that its quality control initiative, introduction of the DVM-800 HD for law enforcement and expansion to non-law enforcement sales channels will restore positive operating cash flows and profitability during the next year, although it can offer no assurances in this regard.

The Company’s plan also includes raising additional capital, and is currently considering the issuance of debt, equity or a combination of both within the next 90 days. In addition, the Company is considering reducing the exercise price on outstanding common stock purchase warrants in order to induce holders to exercise which would generate working capital. The Company has demonstrated its ability to raise new debt or equity capital in recent years and if necessary, it believes that it could raise additional capital during the next 12 months if required, but again can offer no assurances in this regard. Based on the uncertainties described above, the Company believes its business plan does not alleviate the existence of substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements in this Report.

Basis of Consolidation

Basis of Consolidation:

The accompanying financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Digital Ally and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Digital Ally International, Inc., MP Ally, LLC, Medical Devices Ally, LLC and Digitaldeck, LLC. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated during consolidation.

The Company formed Digital Ally International, Inc. during August 2009 to facilitate the export sales of its products. In addition, Medical Devices Ally, LLC was formed in July 2014, MP Ally, LLC was formed in July 2015, and Digitaldeck, LLC was formed in June 2017, all of which have been inactive since formation.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments:

The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The Company accounts for its derivative liabilities and its secured convertible debentures on a fair value basis.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition:

Revenues from the sale of products are recorded when the product is shipped, title and risk of loss have transferred to the purchaser, payment terms are fixed or determinable and payment is reasonably assured. Customers do not have a right to return the product other than for warranty reasons for which they would only receive repair services or replacement product.

The Company sells its products and services to law enforcement and commercial customers in the following manner:

●	Sales to domestic customers are made direct to the end customer (typically a law enforcement agency or a commercial customer) through its sales force, which is composed of its employees. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the end customer.
●	Sales to international customers are made through independent distributors who purchase products from the Company at a wholesale price and sell to the end user (typically law enforcement agencies or a commercial customer) at a retail price. The distributor retains the margin as its compensation for its role in the transaction. The distributor generally maintains product inventory, customer receivables and all related risks and rewards of ownership. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the distributor consistent with the terms of the distribution agreement.
	Repair parts and services for domestic and international customers are generally handled by its inside customer service employees. Revenue is recognized upon shipment of the repair parts and acceptance of the service or materials by the end customer.

Sales taxes collected on products sold are excluded from revenues and are reported as an accrued expense in the accompanying balance sheets until payments are remitted.

Service and other revenue is comprised of revenues from extended warranties, repair services, cloud revenue and software revenue. Revenue is recognized upon shipment of the product and acceptance of the service or materials by the end customer for repair services. Revenue for extended warranty, cloud service or other software-based are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the contracted warranty or service period on a straight-line method.

Extended warranties are offered on selected products and when a customer purchases an extended warranty the associated proceeds are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the extended warranty on a straight-line method.

Multiple element arrangements consisting of product, software, cloud and extended warranties are offered to our customers. Revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables are divided into separate units and revenue is allocated using the relative selling price method based upon vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price or third-party evidence of the selling prices if vendor-specific objective evidence of selling prices does not exist. If neither vendor-specific objective evidence nor third-party evidence exists, management uses its best estimate of selling price. The majority of the Company’s allocations of arrangement consideration under multiple element arrangements are performed using vendor-specific objective evidence by utilizing prices charged to customers for deliverables when sold separately. The Company’s multiple element arrangements may include future in-car or body-worn camera devices to be delivered at defined points within a multi-year contract, and in those arrangements, the Company allocates total arrangement consideration over the life of the multi-year contract to future deliverables using management’s best estimate of selling price. The Company has not utilized third-party evidence of selling price.

Sales returns and allowances aggregated $13,736 and $123,703 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $(27,585) and $201,990 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Obligations for estimated sales returns and allowances are recognized at the time of sales on an accrual basis. The accrual is determined based upon historical return rates adjusted for known changes in key variables affecting these return rates. A customer paid under a sales transaction in March 2017 that had been accrued to be returned at December 31, 2016, which the caused the negative sales returns for the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates:

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents include funds on hand, in bank and short-term investments with original maturities of ninety (90) days or less.

Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal or use under the terms of the secured convertible debentures are presented as restricted cash separate from cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying balance sheet.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable:

Accounts receivable are carried at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a weekly basis. The Company determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables and considering a customer’s financial condition, credit history, and current economic conditions. Trade receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously written off are recorded when received.

A trade receivable is considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding for more than thirty (30) days beyond terms. No interest is charged on overdue trade receivables.

Inventories

Inventories:

Inventories consist of electronic parts, circuitry boards, camera parts and ancillary parts (collectively, “components”), work-in-process and finished goods, and are carried at the lower of cost (First-in, First-out Method) or market value. The Company determines the estimate for the reserve for slow moving or obsolete inventories by regularly evaluating individual inventory levels, projected sales and current economic conditions.

Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment

Furniture, fixtures and equipment:

Furniture, fixtures and equipment is stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation. Additions and improvements are capitalized while ordinary maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is recorded by the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which ranges from three to ten years. Amortization expense on capitalized leases is included with depreciation expense.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets:

Intangible assets include deferred patent costs and license agreements. Legal expenses incurred in preparation of patent application have been deferred and will be amortized over the useful life of granted patents. Costs incurred in preparation of applications that are not granted will be charged to expense at that time. The Company has entered into several sublicense agreements under which it has been assigned the exclusive rights to certain licensed materials used in its products. These sublicense agreements generally require upfront payments to obtain the exclusive rights to such material. The Company capitalizes the upfront payments as intangible assets and amortizes such costs over their estimated useful life on a straight-line method.

Secured Convertible Debentures

Secured convertible debentures:

The Company has elected to record its Debentures at fair value. Accordingly, the Debentures will be marked-to-market at each reporting date with the change in fair value reported as a gain (loss) in the statement of operations. All issuance costs related to the Debentures were expensed as incurred in the statement of operations.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets:

Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party appraisals, as considered necessary.

Warranties

Warranties:

The Company’s products carry explicit product warranties that extend up to two years from the date of shipment. The Company records a provision for estimated warranty costs based upon historical warranty loss experience and periodically adjusts these provisions to reflect actual experience. Accrued warranty costs are included in accrued expenses. Extended warranties are offered on selected products and when a customer purchases an extended warranty the associated proceeds are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the extended warranty.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and Handling Costs:

Shipping and handling costs for outbound sales orders totaled $19,661 and $21,650 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $40,091 and $46,219 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Such costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs:

Advertising expense includes costs related to trade shows and conventions, promotional material and supplies, and media costs. Advertising costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. The Company incurred total advertising expense of approximately $143,053 and $194,944 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $270,329 and $321,412 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Such costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes:

Deferred taxes are provided for by the liability method in which deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

The Company applies the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 740 - Income Taxes that provides a framework for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and provided a comprehensive model to recognize, measure, present, and disclose in its financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. It initially recognizes tax positions in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Application requires numerous estimates based on available information. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, and it recognized tax positions and tax benefits may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes. As it obtains additional information, the Company may need to periodically adjust its recognized tax positions and tax benefits. These periodic adjustments may have a material impact on its consolidated statements of operations.

The Company’s policy is to record estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. There was no interest expense related to the underpayment of estimated taxes during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. There have been no penalties in the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various states. As of June 30, 2017, the Company’s tax returns filed for 2013, 2014, and 2015 and to be filed for 2016 are subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities. With few exceptions, as of June 30, 2017, the Company is no longer subject to Federal, state, or local examinations by tax authorities for years before 2013.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and Development Expenses:

The Company expenses all research and development costs as incurred. Development costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed are subject to capitalization beginning when a product’s technological feasibility has been established and ending when a product is available for general release to customers. In most instances, the Company’s products are released soon after technological feasibility has been established. Costs incurred subsequent to achievement of technological feasibility were not significant, and software development costs were expensed as incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

Common Stock Purchase Warrants

Common Stock Purchase Warrants:

The Company has common stock purchase warrants that are accounted for as liabilities under the caption of derivative liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and recorded at fair value due to the warrant agreements containing anti-dilution provisions. The change in fair value being recorded in the consolidated statement of operation.

The Company has common stock purchase warrants that are accounted for as equity based on their relative fair value and are not subject to remeasurement.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation:

The Company grants stock-based compensation to its employees, board of directors and certain third party contractors. Share-based compensation arrangements may include the issuance of options to purchase common stock in the future or the issuance of restricted stock, which generally are subject to vesting requirements. The Company records stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation granted based on the grant-date fair value. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.

The Company estimates the grant-date fair value of stock-based compensation using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Assumptions used to estimate compensation expense are determined as follows:

● Expected term is determined using the contractual term and vesting period of the award;

● Expected volatility of award grants made in the Company’s plan is measured using the weighted average of historical daily changes in the market price of the Company’s common stock over the period equal to the expected term of the award;

● Expected dividend rate is determined based on expected dividends to be declared;

● Risk-free interest rate is equivalent to the implied yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds with a maturity equal to the expected term of the awards; and

● Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

Segments of Business

Segments of Business:

Management has determined that its operations are comprised of one reportable segment: the sale of digital audio and video recording and speed detection devices. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, sales by geographic area were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Sales by geographic area:
United States of America	$	3,426,461	$	4,371,180	$	8,626,515	$	8,462,394
Foreign		60,041		13,231		89,847		326,960
	$	3,486,502	$	4,384,411	$	8,716,362	$	8,789,354

Sales to customers outside of the United States are denominated in U.S. dollars. All Company assets are physically located within the United States.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation:

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company has not yet selected a transition method and is currently evaluating the standard and the impact on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The amendments in the ASU require entities that measure inventory using the first-in, first-out or average cost methods to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined as estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. ASU 2015-11 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016 on a prospective basis. This ASU will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2017 and such adoption did not have any impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This ASU simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes by eliminating the requirement for entities to separate deferred tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in classified balance sheets. Instead, it requires deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent in the balance sheet. ASU 2015-17 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2017 and such adoption did not have any impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The objective of ASU 2016-02 is to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of ASU 2016-02 is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The objective of ASU 2016-09 is to reduce the complexity of certain aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions. As a result of this ASU, there are changes to minimum statutory withholding requirements, accounting for forfeitures, and accounting for income taxes. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2017 and elected to account for forfeitures as they occur and has resulted in a credit to stock-based compensation of $256,167 relative to forfeitures during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Clarification on Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments on the Statement of Cash Flows, to create consistency in the classification of eight specific cash flow items. This standard is effective for calendar-year SEC registrants beginning in 2018. The Company is evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash (Topic 230), which amends the existing guidance relating to the disclosure of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within that fiscal year, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-18 on its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718)-Scope of Modification Accounting, to provide guidance on determining which changes to terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Summary of Sales by Geographic Area

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, sales by geographic area were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Sales by geographic area:
United States of America	$	3,426,461	$	4,371,180	$	8,626,515	$	8,462,394
Foreign		60,041		13,231		89,847		326,960
	$	3,486,502	$	4,384,411	$	8,716,362	$	8,789,354

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Inventories (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Raw material and component parts	$	4,529,183		$	4,015,170
Work-in-process		491,504			355,715
Finished goods		7,620,996			7,215,346
Subtotal		12,641,683			11,586,231
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory		(2,326,204	)		(1,999,920	)
Total	$	10,315,479		$	9,586,311

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Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment

Furniture, fixtures and equipment consisted of the following at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	Estimated Useful Life	March 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment	3-10 years	$	1,074,533		$	1,074,533
Warehouse and production equipment	3-5 years		675,875			643,250
Demonstration and tradeshow equipment	2-5 years		451,750			451,750
Leasehold improvements	2-5 years		153,828			153,828
Rental equipment	1-3 years		60,354			60,354
Total cost			2,416,340			2,383,715
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization			(1,636,609	)		(1,509,813	)
Net furniture, fixtures and equipment		$	779,731		$	873,902

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Secured Convertible Debentures, Subordinated Notes Payable, and Capital Lease Obligations (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Secured Convertible Debentures

Secured Convertible Debentures is comprised of the following:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value	$	3,926,258		$	4,000,000
Less: Current maturities of long-term debt, at fair value		(3,926,258	)		—
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value-long-term	$	—		$	4,000,000

Summary of Subordinated notes Payable

Subordinated notes payable is comprised of the following:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Subordinated notes payable, at par	$	700,000		$	—
Unamortized discount		(288,895	)		—
Total notes payable	$	411,105		$	—

Summary of Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Non-cancelable Capital Leases

. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable capital leases having terms in excess of one year are as follows:

Year ending December 31:
2017 (period from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017)	$	17,149
2018		8,574
Total future minimum lease payments		25,723
Less amount representing interest		602
Present value of minimum lease payments		25,121
Less current portion		25,121
Capital lease obligations, less current portion	$	—

Summary of Assets Under Capital Leases

Assets under capital leases are included in furniture, fixtures and equipment as follows:

	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment	$	250,843		$	382,928
Less: accumulated amortization		(193,172	)		(294,895	)

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Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The following table represents the Company’s hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

	June 30, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Secured convertible debentures	$	—	$	—	$	3,926,258	$	3,926,258
Warrant derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	19,357	$	19,357
	$	—	$	—	$	3,945,615	$	3,945,615

	December 31, 2016
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Secured convertible debentures	$	—	$	—	$	4,000,000	$	4,000,000
Warrant derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	33,076	$	33,076
	$	—	$	—	$	4,033,076	$	4,033,076

Fair Value Measurements Change in Level Three Inputs

The following table represents the change in level 3 tier value measurements:

	Warrant derivative liability			Secured convertible debentures			Total
December 31, 2016	$	33,076		$	4,000,000		$	4,033,076
Change in fair value		(13,719	)		(73,742	)		(87,461	)
June 30, 2017	$	19,357		$	3,926,258		$	3,945,615

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Accrued Expenses (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Accrued warranty expense	$	180,535	$	374,597
Accrued senior convertible note issuance costs		—		204,000
Accrued sales commissions		32,162		36,389
Accrued payroll and related fringes		344,613		270,781
Accrued insurance		70,140		81,610
Accrued rent		159,025		182,409
Accrued sales returns and allowances		58,810		215,802
Other		201,955		177,141
	$	1,047,240	$	1,542,729

Schedule of Accrued Warranty Expense

Accrued warranty expense was comprised of the following for the six months ended June 30, 2017:

	2017
Beginning balance	$	374,597
Provision for warranty expense		97,784
Charges applied to warranty reserve		(291,847	)
Ending balance	$	180,535

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments

Following are the minimum lease payments for each year and in total.

Year ending December 31:
2017 (period from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017)	$	223,203
2018		451,248
2019		457,327
2020		154,131
	$	1,285,909

Schedule of Future Sponsorship Fee

. The Agreement provides the Company with naming rights and other benefits for the 2015 through 2019 annual Tournament in exchange for the following sponsorship fee:

Year	Sponsorship fee
2015	$	375,000
2016	$	475,000
2017	$	475,000
2018	$	500,000
2019	$	500,000

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Summary of Stock Options Outstanding

Activity in the various Plans during the six months ended June 30, 2017 is reflected in the following table:

Options	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2017		362,440		$	18.46
Granted		—			—
Exercised		—			—
Forfeited		(52,609	)		(12.02	)
Outstanding at June 30, 2017		309,831		$	19.37
Exercisable at June 30, 2017		301,031		$	19.84
Weighted-average fair value for options granted during the period at fair value		—		$	—

Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans by Exercise Price Range

The following table summarizes the range of exercise prices and weighted average remaining contractual life for outstanding and exercisable options under the Company’s option plans as of June 30, 2017:

		Outstanding options				Exercisable options
Exercise price range		Number of options		Weighted average remaining contractual life		Number of options		Weighted average remaining contractual life
$	0.01 to $3.99		98,124		7.0 years		89,324		7.0 years
$	4.00 to $6.99		34,125		5.2 years		34,125		5.2 years
$	7.00 to $9.99		18,444		4.2 years		18,444		4.2 years
$	10.00 to $12.99		6,200		1.9 years		6,200		1.9 years
$	13.00 to $15.99		51,438		3.2 years		51,438		3.2 years
$	16.00 to $18.99		—		0.0 years		—		0.0 years
$	19.00 to $29.99		6,500		2.1 years		6,500		2.4 years
$	30.00 to $55.00		95,000		0.5 years		95,000		0.5 years
			309,831		3.8 years		301,031		3.7 years

Summary of Restricted Stock Activity

A summary of all restricted stock activity under the equity compensation plans for the six months ended June 30, 2017 is as follows:

	Number of Restricted shares			Weighted average grant date fair value
Nonvested balance, January 1, 2017		495,300		$	5.75
Granted		200,000			5.10
Vested		(136,750	)		(6.47	)
Forfeited		(9,200	)		(6.47	)
Nonvested balance, June 30, 2017		549,350		$	5.78

Schedule of Non-vested Balance of Restricted Stock

The nonvested balance of restricted stock vests as follows:

Year ended December 31,	Number of shares
2017 (July 1 through December 31)		55,300
2018		183,450
2019		289,100
2020		21,500

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Common Stock Purchase Warrants (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Common Stock Purchase Warrants

Summary of Warrant Activity

The Warrants expire from July 22, 2017 through June 30, 2022 and allow for cashless exercise.

	Warrants		Weighted average exercise price
Vested Balance, January 1, 2016		2,379,290	$	10.47
Granted		200,000		3.65
Exercised		—		—
Cancelled		—		—
Vested Balance, March 31, 2017		2,579,290	$	9.94

Summary of Range of Exercise Prices and Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life of Warrants

The following table summarizes the range of exercise prices and weighted average remaining contractual life for outstanding and exercisable Warrants to purchase common shares as of June 30, 2017:

		Outstanding and exercisable warrants
Exercise price		Number of options		Weighted average remaining contractual life
$	3.65		200,000		5.0 years
$	3.65		12,200		2.2 years
$	5.00		800,000		4.5 years
$	8.50		42,500		1.4 years
$	13.43		639,824		0.1 years
$	13.43		879,766		3.5 years
$	16.50		5,000		3.0 years
			2,379,290		2.5 years

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Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Calculation of Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding and Loss per Share Outstanding

The calculations of the weighted average number of shares outstanding and loss per share outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Numerator for basic and diluted income per share – Net loss	$	(2,326,523	)	$	(2,865,084	)	$	(4,359,478	)	$	(5,178,209	)
Denominator for basic loss per share – weighted average shares outstanding		5,679,731			5,319,259			5,654,755			5,282,514
Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock options and warrants outstanding		—			—			—			—
Denominator for diluted loss per share – adjusted weighted average shares outstanding		5,679,731			5,319,259			5,654,755			5,282,514
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	(0.41	)	$	(0.54	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.98	)
Diluted	$	(0.41	)	$	(0.54	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(0.98	)

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Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative)	2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 12, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($) Segment $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Raise in capital markets				$ 700,000		$ 4,000,000	$ 11,000,000
Accumulated deficit		$ 54,016,820		54,016,820		49,657,342
Net losses		2,326,523	$ 2,865,084	4,359,478	$ 5,178,209	(12,700,000)
Cash used in operating activities				3,374,552	2,566,952	$ (6,200,000)
Sales returns and allowances		13,736	123,703	(27,585)	201,990
Shipping and handling costs		19,661	21,650	40,091	46,219
Advertising expense		143,053	194,944	$ 270,329	321,412
Percentage of income tax benefit likely of being realized upon settlement with tax authority				greater than 50%
Interest expense related to underpayment of estimated taxes
Penalties
Software development cost
Number of reportable segments | Segment				1
Stock based compensation		115,756	$ 355,236	$ 502,789	$ 781,066
Accounting Standards Update 2016-09 [Member]
Stock based compensation				$ 256,167
Minimum [Member]
Estimated useful life of furniture, fixtures and equipment				3 years
Maximum [Member]
Estimated useful life of furniture, fixtures and equipment				10 years
8% Secured Convertible Debentures [Member]
Principal amount		$ 4,000,000		$ 4,000,000
Debt instrument interest rate		8.00%		8.00%
Maturity Date, Outstanding	Mar. 31, 2018
Conversion rate per share | $ / shares		$ 5.00		$ 5.00
Subordinated Notes Payable [Member]
Principal amount		$ 700,000		$ 700,000
Maturity Date, Outstanding				Sep. 30, 2017

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Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Sales by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Sales by geographic area	$ 3,486,502	$ 4,384,411	$ 8,716,362	$ 8,789,354
United States of America [Member]
Sales by geographic area	3,426,461	4,371,180	8,626,515	8,462,394
Foreign [Member]
Sales by geographic area	$ 60,041	$ 13,231	$ 89,847	$ 326,960

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Concentration of Credit Risk and Major Customers (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended		18 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 70,000		$ 70,000	$ 70,000
NoDistributor [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]
Percentage of concentration risk	10.00%	10.00%
One Individual Customer [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]
Percentage of concentration risk	10.00%
Accounts receivable	$ 289,499		$ 289,499
Two Individual Customer [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]
Percentage of concentration risk			10.00%
Accounts receivable		$ 660,136

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Inventories (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods inventory	$ 692,594	$ 634,059

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Inventories - Schedule of Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw material and component parts	$ 4,529,183	$ 4,015,170
Work-in-process	491,504	355,715
Finished goods	7,620,996	7,215,346
Subtotal	12,641,683	11,586,231
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory	2,326,204	(1,999,920)
Total	$ 10,315,479	$ 9,586,311

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Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization of furniture fixtures and equipment	$ 261,938	$ 274,889

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Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment - Schedule of Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment	$ 901,232	$ 1,074,533
Warehouse and production equipment	502,821	643,250
Demonstration and tradeshow equipment	426,582	451,750
Leasehold improvements	160,198	153,828
Rental equipment	68,095	60,354
Total cost	2,058,928	2,383,715
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	1,142,368	(1,509,813)
Net furniture, fixtures and equipment	$ 916,560	$ 873,902
Minimum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	10 years
Office Furniture, Fixtures And Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Office Furniture, Fixtures And Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	10 years
Warehouse And Production Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Warehouse And Production Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Demonstration And Tradeshow Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	2 years
Demonstration And Tradeshow Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	2 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Rental Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	1 year
Rental Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years

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Secured Convertible Debentures, Subordinated Notes Payable and Capital Lease Obligations (Details Narrative) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016
Change in fair value of secured convertible debentures		$ (229,599)		$ (73,742)
Private, Third-party Lenders [Member]
Debentures bear interest rate		8.00%		8.00%
Debt maturity date				Sep. 30, 2017
Unsecured notes payable		$ 700,000		$ 700,000
Lenders Warrants [Member]
Warrants exercise price per share		$ 3.65		$ 3.65
Warrant to purchase of common stock shares		200,000		200,000
Warrant exercisable date				Jun. 29, 2022
Proceeds from warrants				$ 288,895
Common shares issued to lenders				200,000
8% Secured Convertible Debentures [Member] | Two Institutional Investors [Member] | Private Placement [Member]
Principal amount of note payable	$ 4,000,000
Gross proceeds from private placement	4,000,000
Placement agent fees and other expenses	281,570
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value	$ 4,000,000
Debentures bear interest rate	8.00%
Warrants exercise price per share	$ 5.00
Debt maturity date	Mar. 30, 2018
Warrant to purchase of common stock shares	800,000
Secured convertible note, conversion price	$ 5.00
Percentage of outstanding principal amount of debenture	112.00%
Debt convertible stock price per share	$ 7.50
Debt default interest rate	18.00%
Minimum cash balance maintain	$ 500,000
8% Secured Convertible Debentures [Member] | Two Institutional Investors [Member] | Private Placement [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Percentage of beneficial ownership limitation	4.99%
8% Secured Convertible Debentures [Member] | Two Institutional Investors [Member] | Private Placement [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Percentage of beneficial ownership limitation	9.99%

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Secured Convertible Debentures, Subordinated Notes Payable, and Capital Lease Obligations - Summary of Secured Convertible Debentures (Details) - Secured Convertible Note Payable [Member] - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value	$ 3,926,258	$ 4,000,000
Less: Current maturities of long-term debt, at fair value	(3,926,258)
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value-long-term		$ 4,000,000

XML

Secured Convertible Debentures and Capital Lease Obligations - Summary of Subordinated notes Payable (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Subordinated notes payable, at par	$ 700,000
Unamortized discount	288,895	0
Total notes payable	$ 411,105

XML

Secured Convertible Debentures, Subordinated Notes Payable, and Capital Lease Obligations - Summary of Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Non-cancelable Capital Leases (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2017	$ 17,149
2018	8,574
Total future minimum lease payments	25,723
Less amount representing interest	602
Present value of minimum lease payments	25,121
Less current portion	25,121	$ 32,792
Capital lease obligations, less current portion		$ 8,492

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Secured Convertible Debentures, Subordinated Notes Payable, and Capital Lease Obligations - Summary of Assets Under Capital Leases (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment	$ 250,843	$ 382,928
Less: accumulated amortization	(193,172)	(294,895)
Net furniture, fixtures and equipment	$ 57,671	$ 88,033

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Fair Value Measurement - Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Secured convertible debentures	$ 3,926,258	$ 4,000,000
Warrant derivative liability	19,357	33,076
Liabilities	3,945,615	4,033,076
Level 1 [Member]
Secured convertible debentures
Warrant derivative liability
Liabilities
Level 2 [Member]
Secured convertible debentures
Warrant derivative liability
Liabilities
Level 3 [Member]
Secured convertible debentures	3,926,258	4,000,000
Warrant derivative liability	19,357	33,076
Liabilities	$ 3,945,615	$ 4,033,076

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Fair Value Measurement - Fair Value Measurements Change in Level Three Inputs (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Balance	$ 4,033,076
Change in fair value	(87,461)
Balance	3,945,615
Warrant Derivative Liability [Member]
Balance	33,076
Change in fair value	(13,719)
Balance	19,357
Secured Convertible Debentures [Member]
Balance	4,000,000
Change in fair value	(73,742)
Balance	$ 3,926,258

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Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued warranty expense	$ 180,535	$ 374,597
Accrued senior convertible note issuance costs		204,000
Accrued sales commissions	32,162	36,389
Accrued payroll and related fringes	344,613	270,781
Accrued insurance	70,140	81,610
Accrued rent	159,025	182,409
Accrued sales returns and allowances	58,810	215,802
Other	201,955	177,141
Total accrued expenses	$ 1,047,240	$ 1,542,729

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Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Warranty Expense (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Beginning balance	$ 374,597
Provision for warranty expense	97,784
Charges applied to warranty reserve	(291,847)
Ending balance	$ 180,535

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Income Taxes (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Effective tax rate expected statutory valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets	100.00%	100.00%
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets	$ 24,130,000		$ 22,455,000
Net operating loss carry-forwards	$ 41,715,000
Operating loss carry-forwards expiration years	expire between 2023 and 2037
Research and development tax credit carry-forwards	$ 44,200,000
Operating loss, research and development tax credit forwards expiration year	expire between 2023 and 2037
Duration for changes in ownership	3 years
Net operating loss due to ownership changes	$ 765,000
Tax credit carry-forwards	2,060,000
Annual limitation due to ownership changes	$ 1,151,000
Percentage of income tax benefit likely of being realized upon settlement with tax authority	greater than 50%
Research And Development [Member]
Tax credit carry-forwards	$ 175,000
Tax credit carry-forwards, expiration date	between 2023 and 2037

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Non-cancelable operating lease			Apr. 30, 2020
Rent expense	$ 99,431	$ 99,431	$ 198,862	$ 198,862
Royalty expense	6,250	6,250	8,688	12,661
Sponsorship expenses			$ 6,595	0
Percentage of employer matching contribution			100.00%
Matching contributions to 401 (k) Plan	$ 47,055	47,453	$ 94,326	88,711
Limited Liability Company [Member] | Consulting and Distributor Agreements [Member]
Future commissions advanced		$ 289,315		$ 289,315
Limited Liability Company [Member] | Consulting and Distributor Agreements [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Payments for commissions					$ 5,000
Limited Liability Company [Member] | Consulting and Distributor Agreements [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Payments for commissions					$ 6,000
3% Of Employee Contribution [Member]
Percentage of employer matching contribution			100.00%
2% Of Employee Contribution [Member]
Percentage of employer matching contribution			50.00%
Employee Retirement Plan [Member]
Description of matching contributions to employees			The amended plan requires the Company to provide 100% matching contributions for employees who elect to contribute up to 3% of their compensation to the plan and 50% matching contributions for employee’s elective deferrals on the next 2% of their contributions.

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details)	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2017(period from July 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017)	$ 223,203
2018	451,248
2019	457,327
2020	154,131
Net lease commitments	$ 1,285,909

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Future Sponsorship Fee (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2015	$ 375,000
2016	475,000
2017	475,000
2018	500,000
2019	$ 500,000

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Stock-Based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Stock based compensation	$ 115,756	$ 355,236	$ 502,789	$ 781,066
Number of common stock authorized to grant	1,925,000		1,925,000
Contractual terms			10 years
Options, available for grant	8,363		8,363
Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding	$ 0		$ 0
Intrinsic value of options exercisable	$ 0		0
Intrinsic value of options exercised
Unrecognized stock compensation expense			41,163
Non Vested Restricted Stock Option [Member]
Unrecognized stock compensation expense			$ 1,674,139
2005 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan [Member]
Number of common stock shares reserved for awards which unavailable for issuance						28
2005 Stock Option Plan [Member]
Unexercised and outstanding stock options						26,813
2006 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan [Member]
Number of common stock shares reserved for awards which unavailable for issuance					4,505
2007 Stock Option Plan [Member]
Number of common stock shares reserved for awards which unavailable for issuance	62,080		62,080
2007 Stock Option Plan [Member] | During 2017 [Member]
Number of common stock shares reserved for awards which unavailable for issuance	48,500		48,500
Unexercised and outstanding stock options	41,875		41,875

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Options Outstanding (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 $ / shares shares
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]
Options Outstanding, Beginning balance | shares	362,440
Options Granted | shares
Options Exercised | shares
Options Forfeited | shares	(52,609)
Options Outstanding, Ending balance | shares	309,831
Options Exercisable, Ending balance | shares	301,031
Weighted-average fair value for options granted during the period at fair value | shares
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 18.46
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted | $ / shares
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised | $ / shares
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited | $ / shares	(12.02)
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending balance | $ / shares	19.37
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercisable, Ending balance | $ / shares	19.84
Weighted-average fair value for options granted during the period at fair value | $ / shares

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Stock-Based Compensation - Shares Authorized Under Stock Option Plans by Exercise Price Range (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 $ / shares shares
Number of options, Outstanding	309,831
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Outstanding options	3 years 9 months 18 days
Number of options, Exercisable	301,031
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Exercisable options	3 years 9 months 18 days
Exercise Price Range One [Member]
Exercise price range, lower limit | $ / shares	$ 0.01
Exercise price range, upper limit | $ / shares	$ 3.99
Number of options, Outstanding	98,124
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Outstanding options	7 years
Number of options, Exercisable	89,324
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Exercisable options	7 years
Exercise Price Range Two [Member]
Exercise price range, lower limit | $ / shares	$ 4.00
Exercise price range, upper limit | $ / shares	$ 6.99
Number of options, Outstanding	34,125
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Outstanding options	5 years 2 months 12 days
Number of options, Exercisable	34,125
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Exercisable options	5 years 2 months 12 days
Exercise Price Range Three [Member]
Exercise price range, lower limit | $ / shares	$ 7.00
Exercise price range, upper limit | $ / shares	$ 9.99
Number of options, Outstanding	18,444
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Outstanding options	4 years 2 months 12 days
Number of options, Exercisable	18,444
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Exercisable options	4 years 2 months 12 days
Exercise Price Range Four [Member]
Exercise price range, lower limit | $ / shares	$ 10.00
Exercise price range, upper limit | $ / shares	$ 12.99
Number of options, Outstanding	6,200
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Outstanding options	1 year 10 months 25 days
Number of options, Exercisable	6,200
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Exercisable options	1 year 10 months 25 days
Exercise Price Range Five [Member]
Exercise price range, lower limit | $ / shares	$ 13.00
Exercise price range, upper limit | $ / shares	$ 15.99
Number of options, Outstanding	51,438
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Outstanding options	3 years 2 months 12 days
Number of options, Exercisable	51,438
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Exercisable options	3 years 2 months 12 days
Exercise Price Range Six [Member]
Exercise price range, lower limit | $ / shares	$ 16.00
Exercise price range, upper limit | $ / shares	$ 18.99
Number of options, Outstanding
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Outstanding options	0 years
Number of options, Exercisable
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Exercisable options	0 years
Exercise Price Range Seven [Member]
Exercise price range, lower limit | $ / shares	$ 19.00
Exercise price range, upper limit | $ / shares	$ 29.99
Number of options, Outstanding	6,500
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Outstanding options	2 years 1 month 6 days
Number of options, Exercisable	6,500
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Exercisable options	2 years 4 months 24 days
Exercise Price Range Eight [Member]
Exercise price range, lower limit | $ / shares	$ 30.00
Exercise price range, upper limit | $ / shares	$ 55.00
Number of options, Outstanding	95,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Outstanding options	6 months
Number of options, Exercisable	95,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life, Exercisable options	6 months

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 $ / shares shares
Restricted stock, Non-vested Beginning Balance | shares	495,300
Restricted stock, Granted | shares	200,000
Restricted stock, Vested | shares	(136,750)
Restricted stock, Forfeited | shares	(9,200)
Restricted stock, Non-vested Ending Balance | shares	549,350
Weighted average grant date fair value, Non-vested Beginning Balance | $ / shares	$ 5.75
Weighted average grant date fair value, Granted | $ / shares	5.10
Weighted average grant date fair value, Vested | $ / shares	(6.47)
Weighted average grant date fair value, Forfeited | $ / shares	(6.47)
Weighted average grant date fair value, Non-vested Ending Balance | $ / shares	$ 5.78

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Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Non-vested Balance of Restricted Stock (Details) - Restricted Stock [Member]	Jun. 30, 2017 shares
2017 (July 1 through December 31)	55,300
2018	183,450
2019	289,100
2020	21,500

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Common Stock Purchase Warrants (Details Narrative)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Warrant [Member]
Warrants outstanding intrinsic value | $	$ 0
Warrant [Member]
Warrants, weighted average remaining term	30 months
Common Stock Purchase Warrants [Member]
Exercisable warrants issued to purchase number of common stock | shares	2,579,290
Warrant expiration term	July 22, 2017 through June 30, 2022
Common Stock Purchase Warrants [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Warrant, exercise per share	$ 3.65
Common Stock Purchase Warrants [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Warrant, exercise per share	$ 16.50

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Common Stock Purchase Warrants - Summary of Warrant Activity (Details) - Warrant [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017 $ / shares shares
Warrants, Vested, Beginning balance | shares	2,379,290
Warrants, Granted | shares
Warrants, Exercised | shares
Warrants, Cancelled | shares
Weighted average exercise price, Vested, Beginning balance	$ 10.47
Weighted average exercise price, Granted	3.65
Weighted average exercise price, Exercised
Weighted average exercise price, Cancelled
Weighted average exercise price, Vested, Ending balance	$ 9.94

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Common Stock Purchase Warrants - Summary of Range of Exercise Prices and Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life of Warrants (Details) - $ / shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Exercise price
Warrant [Member]
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Number of options		2,379,290
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Weighted average remaining contractual life	2 years 6 months
Warrant [Member] | Exercise Price Range One [Member]
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Exercise price	$ 3.65
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Number of options	200,000
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Weighted average remaining contractual life	5 years
Warrant [Member] | Exercise Price Range Two [Member]
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Exercise price	$ 3.65
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Number of options	12,200
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Weighted average remaining contractual life	2 years 2 months 12 days
Warrant [Member] | Exercise Price Range Three [Member]
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Exercise price	$ 5.00
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Number of options	800,000
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Weighted average remaining contractual life	4 years 6 months
Warrant [Member] | Exercise Price Range Four [Member]
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Exercise price	$ 8.50
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Number of options	42,500
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Weighted average remaining contractual life	1 year 4 months 24 days
Warrant [Member] | Exercise Price Range Five [Member]
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Exercise price	$ 13.43
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Number of options	639,824
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Weighted average remaining contractual life	1 month 6 days
Warrant [Member] | Exercise Price Range Six [Member]
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Exercise price	$ 13.43
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Number of options	879,766
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Weighted average remaining contractual life	3 years 6 months
Warrant [Member] | Exercise Price Range Seven [Member]
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Exercise price	$ 16.50
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Number of options	5,000
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Weighted average remaining contractual life	3 years
Warrant [Member]
Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Number of options	2,379,290

XML

Net Loss Per Share - Calculation of Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding and Loss per Share Outstanding (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Numerator for basic and diluted income per share - Net loss	$ (2,326,523)	$ (2,865,084)	$ (4,359,478)	$ (5,178,209)	$ 12,700,000
Denominator for basic loss per share - weighted average shares outstanding	5,679,731	5,319,259	5,654,755	5,282,514
Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock options and warrants outstanding
Denominator for diluted loss per share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding	5,679,731	5,319,259	5,654,755	5,282,514
Net loss per share: Basic	$ (0.41)	$ (0.54)	$ (0.77)	$ (0.98)
Net loss per share: Diluted	$ (0.41)	$ (0.54)	$ (0.77)	$ (0.98)

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Subsequent Events (Details Narrative) - shares	Aug. 14, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Capital stock stock shares authorized classified as common stock		25,000,000	25,000,000
Subsequent Event [Member]
Number of shares reserved for issuance under plan	25,000,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | 2016 Annual Meeting [Member]
Number of shares reserved for issuance under plan	10,000,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan [Member]
Number of shares reserved for issuance under plan	500,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Capital stock stock shares authorized classified as common stock	9,375,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Minimum [Member] | 2016 Annual Meeting [Member]
Number of shares reserved for issuance under plan	25,000,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Capital stock stock shares authorized classified as common stock	25,000,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Maximum [Member] | 2016 Annual Meeting [Member]
Number of shares reserved for issuance under plan	35,000,000