Equity Incentive Plans and Warrants (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Valuation Assumptions

Options granted under the 2021 Stock Option Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2025 to employees and nonemployees were 1,524,915 and 70,400, respectively and the weighted average exercise prices were $1.09 and $0.98, respectively. The weighted average fair values of the options granted to employees and nonemployees were $0.84 and $0.73, respectively and were estimated using the following Black-Scholes assumptions:

	Employees		Nonemployees
Expected term (in years)	6.06		5.50
Risk‑free interest rate	4.37	%	3.91	%
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%
Expected volatility	91.17	%	90.77	%

Share-based Compensation Expense

The following table shows the share-based compensation expense related to vested stock option grants to employees and nonemployees by financial statement line item on the accompanying condensed statements of comprehensive loss:

		Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
		2025	2024		2025	2024
Research and development	$	68,299	34,629		205,223	64,637
Sales and marketing		21,418	18,246		10,987	24,764
General and administrative		92,254	51,138		332,998	92,197
Total share-based compensation expense	$	181,971	104,013		549,208	181,598

2021 Stock Option Plan [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock Option Plans Activity

Activity under the Company’s stock option plans for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was as follows:

	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2024	2,974,219		$	1.60
Granted	1,595,315			1.09
Forfeited	(171,037	)		1.10
Outstanding at June 30, 2025	4,398,497		$	1.43	619,562
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2025	1,796,098		$	2.01	380,874

Inducement Grants [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock Option Plans Activity

The inducement grants are summarized as follows:

	Number of options			Weighted average exercise price	Weighted average remaining life years
Outstanding at December 31, 2024	250,000		$	1.89	8.07
Granted	100,000			0.90	9.98
Forfeited	(100,000	)		1.10	—
Outstanding at June 30, 2025	250,000		$	1.81	8.11
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2025	100,000		$	2.56	6.82