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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period EndedMarch 31, 2024
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE     
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Registrant; State of Incorporation; Address; Telephone Number;
Commission File Number; and I.R.S. Employer Identification No.


EVERSOURCE ENERGY
(a Massachusetts voluntary association)
300 Cadwell Drive, Springfield, Massachusetts 01104
Telephone: (800) 286-5000
Commission File Number: 001-05324
I.R.S. Employer Identification No. 04-2147929


THE CONNECTICUT LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY
(a Connecticut corporation)
107 Selden Street, Berlin, Connecticut 06037-1616
Telephone: (800) 286-5000
Commission File Number: 000-00404
I.R.S. Employer Identification No. 06-0303850


NSTAR ELECTRIC COMPANY
(a Massachusetts corporation)
800 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02199
Telephone: (800) 286-5000
Commission File Number: 001-02301
I.R.S. Employer Identification No. 04-1278810


PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
(a New Hampshire corporation)
Energy Park
780 North Commercial Street, Manchester, New Hampshire 03101-1134
Telephone: (800) 286-5000
Commission File Number: 001-06392
I.R.S. Employer Identification No. 02-0181050

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, $5.00 par value per shareESNew York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
YesNo

Indicate by check mark whether the registrants have submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to submit such files).
YesNo

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Eversource EnergyLarge accelerated filerAccelerated
filer
Non-accelerated
filer
Smaller reporting companyEmerging growth company
The Connecticut Light and Power CompanyLarge accelerated filerAccelerated
filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting companyEmerging growth company
NSTAR Electric CompanyLarge accelerated filerAccelerated
filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting companyEmerging growth company
Public Service Company of New HampshireLarge accelerated filerAccelerated
filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting companyEmerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrants are shell companies (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):
YesNo
Eversource Energy
The Connecticut Light and Power Company
NSTAR Electric Company
Public Service Company of New Hampshire

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Company - Class of StockOutstanding as of April 30, 2024
Eversource Energy Common Shares, $5.00 par value352,255,238 shares
The Connecticut Light and Power Company Common Stock, $10.00 par value6,035,205 shares
NSTAR Electric Company Common Stock, $1.00 par value200 shares
Public Service Company of New Hampshire Common Stock, $1.00 par value301 shares

Eversource Energy holds all of the 6,035,205 shares, 200 shares, and 301 shares of the outstanding common stock of The Connecticut Light and Power Company, NSTAR Electric Company, and Public Service Company of New Hampshire, respectively.

The Connecticut Light and Power Company, NSTAR Electric Company and Public Service Company of New Hampshire each meet the conditions set forth in General Instruction H(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q, and each is therefore filing this Form 10-Q with the reduced disclosure format specified in General Instruction H(2) of Form 10‑Q.

Eversource Energy, The Connecticut Light and Power Company, NSTAR Electric Company, and Public Service Company of New Hampshire each separately file this combined Form 10-Q.  Information contained herein relating to any individual registrant is filed by such registrant on its own behalf.  Each registrant makes no representation as to information relating to the other registrants.



GLOSSARY OF TERMS

The following is a glossary of abbreviations and acronyms that are found in this report:

Current or former Eversource Energy companies, segments or investments:
Eversource, ES or the CompanyEversource Energy and subsidiaries
Eversource parent or ES parentEversource Energy, a public utility holding company
ES parent and other companiesES parent and other companies are comprised of Eversource parent, Eversource Service, and other subsidiaries, which primarily includes our unregulated businesses, HWP Company, The Rocky River Realty Company (a real estate subsidiary), the consolidated operations of CYAPC and YAEC, and Eversource parent's equity ownership interests that are not consolidated
CL&PThe Connecticut Light and Power Company
NSTAR ElectricNSTAR Electric Company
PSNHPublic Service Company of New Hampshire
PSNH FundingPSNH Funding LLC 3, a bankruptcy remote, special purpose, wholly-owned subsidiary of PSNH
NSTAR GasNSTAR Gas Company
EGMAEversource Gas Company of Massachusetts
Yankee GasYankee Gas Services Company
AquarionAquarion Company and its subsidiaries
HEECHarbor Electric Energy Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of NSTAR Electric
Eversource ServiceEversource Energy Service Company
North East OffshoreNorth East Offshore, LLC, an offshore wind business being developed jointly by Eversource and Denmark-based Ørsted
CYAPCConnecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company
MYAPCMaine Yankee Atomic Power Company
YAECYankee Atomic Electric Company
Yankee CompaniesCYAPC, YAEC and MYAPC
Regulated companiesThe Eversource regulated companies are comprised of the electric distribution and transmission businesses of CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH, the natural gas distribution businesses of Yankee Gas, NSTAR Gas and EGMA, Aquarion’s water distribution businesses, and the solar power facilities of NSTAR Electric
Regulators and Government Agencies:
BOEM
U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
DEEPConnecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
DOEU.S. Department of Energy
DOERMassachusetts Department of Energy Resources
DPUMassachusetts Department of Public Utilities
EPAU.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FERCFederal Energy Regulatory Commission
ISO-NEISO New England, Inc., the New England Independent System Operator
MA DEPMassachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
NHPUCNew Hampshire Public Utilities Commission
PURAConnecticut Public Utilities Regulatory Authority
SECU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Other Terms and Abbreviations:
ADITAccumulated Deferred Income Taxes
AFUDCAllowance For Funds Used During Construction
AOCIAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income
AROAsset Retirement Obligation
BcfBillion cubic feet
CfDContract for Differences
CWIPConstruction Work in Progress
EDCElectric distribution company
EDITExcess Deferred Income Taxes
EPSEarnings Per Share
ERISAEmployee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
i


ESOPEmployee Stock Ownership Plan
Eversource 2023 Form 10-KThe Eversource Energy and Subsidiaries 2023 combined Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC
FitchFitch Ratings, Inc.
FMCCFederally Mandated Congestion Charge
GAAPAccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
GWhGigawatt-Hours
IPPIndependent Power Producers
ISO-NE TariffISO-NE FERC Transmission, Markets and Services Tariff
kVKilovolt
kVaKilovolt-ampere
kWKilowatt (equal to one thousand watts)
LNGLiquefied natural gas
LPGLiquefied petroleum gas
LRSSupplier of last resort service
MGMillion gallons
MGPManufactured Gas Plant
MMBtuMillion British thermal units
MMcfMillion cubic feet
Moody'sMoody's Investors Services, Inc.
MWMegawatt
MWhMegawatt-Hours
NETOsNew England Transmission Owners (including Eversource, National Grid and Avangrid)
OCIOther Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
ORECOffshore Wind Renewable Energy Certificate
PAMPension and PBOP Rate Adjustment Mechanism
PBOPPostretirement Benefits Other Than Pension
PBOP PlanPostretirement Benefits Other Than Pension Plan
Pension PlanSingle uniform noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan
PPAPower purchase agreement
PPAM
Pole Plant Adjustment Mechanism
RECsRenewable Energy Certificates
Regulatory ROEThe average cost of capital method for calculating the return on equity related to the distribution business segment excluding the wholesale transmission segment
ROEReturn on Equity
RRBsRate Reduction Bonds or Rate Reduction Certificates
RSUsRestricted share units
S&PStandard & Poor's Financial Services LLC
SERPSupplemental Executive Retirement Plans and non-qualified defined benefit retirement plans
SSStandard service
UIThe United Illuminating Company
VIEVariable Interest Entity

ii


EVERSOURCE ENERGY AND SUBSIDIARIES   
THE CONNECTICUT LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY
NSTAR ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARY
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Page
PART IFINANCIAL INFORMATION
   
ITEM 1.
Financial Statements (Unaudited)
   
 
Eversource Energy and Subsidiaries (Unaudited)
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Common Shareholders' Equity
 
  
 
The Connecticut Light and Power Company (Unaudited)
 
 
 
Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income
Condensed Statements of Common Stockholder's Equity
 
  
 
NSTAR Electric Company and Subsidiary (Unaudited)
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Common Stockholder's Equity
 
  
 Public Service Company of New Hampshire and Subsidiaries (Unaudited)
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Common Stockholder's Equity
 
  
 
   
 
Eversource Energy and Subsidiaries
 
The Connecticut Light and Power Company, NSTAR Electric Company and Subsidiary, and
Public Service Company of New Hampshire and Subsidiaries
  
   
   
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
   
  
ITEM 1A.
Risk Factors
  
ITEM 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
ITEM 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities
  
ITEM 4.Mine Safety Disclosures
ITEM 5.Other Information
  
SIGNATURES

iii


EVERSOURCE ENERGY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(Thousands of Dollars)As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
ASSETS  
Current Assets:  
Cash $259,213 $53,873 
Receivables, Net (net of allowance for uncollectible accounts of $570,134
   and $554,455 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
1,593,487 1,431,531 
Unbilled Revenues195,594 225,325 
Materials, Supplies, Natural Gas and REC Inventory555,211 507,307 
Regulatory Assets1,889,499 1,674,196 
Prepayments and Other Current Assets387,854 355,762 
Total Current Assets4,880,858 4,247,994 
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net40,289,378 39,498,607 
Deferred Debits and Other Assets:  
Regulatory Assets4,839,271 4,714,970 
Goodwill4,532,135 4,532,100 
Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates741,697 660,473 
Prepaid Pension and PBOP1,085,121 1,028,207 
Marketable Securities334,293 337,814 
Other Long-Term Assets619,472 592,080 
Total Deferred Debits and Other Assets12,151,989 11,865,644 
Total Assets$57,322,225 $55,612,245 
LIABILITIES AND CAPITALIZATION  
Current Liabilities:  
Notes Payable$2,102,871 $1,930,422 
Long-Term Debt – Current Portion865,374 824,847 
Rate Reduction Bonds – Current Portion43,210 43,210 
Accounts Payable1,663,661 1,869,187 
Regulatory Liabilities641,472 591,750 
Other Current Liabilities1,050,998 1,081,981 
Total Current Liabilities6,367,586 6,341,397 
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities:  
Accumulated Deferred Income Taxes5,314,688 5,303,730 
Regulatory Liabilities4,051,377 4,022,923 
Asset Retirement Obligations506,040 505,844 
Accrued Pension, SERP and PBOP124,035 123,754 
Other Long-Term Liabilities983,853 1,029,238 
Total Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities10,979,993 10,985,489 
Long-Term Debt24,929,813 23,588,616 
Rate Reduction Bonds345,677 367,282 
Noncontrolling Interest – Preferred Stock of Subsidiaries155,568 155,569 
Common Shareholders' Equity: 
Common Shares1,806,385 1,799,920 
Capital Surplus, Paid In8,537,591 8,460,876 
Retained Earnings4,413,593 4,142,515 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss(28,534)(33,737)
Treasury Stock(185,447)(195,682)
Common Shareholders' Equity14,543,588 14,173,892 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)
Total Liabilities and Capitalization$57,322,225 $55,612,245 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
1


EVERSOURCE ENERGY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars, Except Share Information)20242023
Operating Revenues$3,332,575 $3,795,643 
Operating Expenses:  
Purchased Power, Purchased Natural Gas and Transmission1,235,956 1,903,246 
Operations and Maintenance462,964 454,562 
Depreciation339,914 312,955 
Amortization(2,325)(76,059)
Energy Efficiency Programs213,479 222,952 
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes236,614 228,414 
Total Operating Expenses2,486,602 3,046,070 
Operating Income845,973 749,573 
Interest Expense250,749 194,543 
Other Income, Net91,030 88,981 
Income Before Income Tax Expense686,254 644,011 
Income Tax Expense162,526 150,972 
Net Income523,728 493,039 
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests1,880 1,880 
Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders$521,848 $491,159 
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share$1.49 $1.41 
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding: 
Basic350,717,114 349,217,147 
Diluted350,997,220 349,612,013 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars)20242023
Net Income$523,728 $493,039 
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax: 
Qualified Cash Flow Hedging Instruments5 5 
Changes in Unrealized Gains on Marketable Securities 1,254 
Changes in Funded Status of Pension, SERP and PBOP Benefit Plans5,198 1,971 
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax5,203 3,230 
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests(1,880)(1,880)
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Common Shareholders$527,051 $494,389 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


2


EVERSOURCE ENERGY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMMON SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
 Common SharesCapital
Surplus,
Paid In
Retained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive LossTreasury StockTotal Common Shareholders' Equity
(Thousands of Dollars, Except Share Information)SharesAmount
Balance as of January 1, 2024349,540,266 $1,799,920 $8,460,876 $4,142,515 $(33,737)$(195,682)$14,173,892 
Net Income   523,728   523,728 
Dividends on Common Shares - $0.715 Per Share
   (250,770)  (250,770)
Dividends on Preferred Stock   (1,880)  (1,880)
Issuance of Common Shares - $5 par value
1,292,892 6,465 69,972 76,437 
Long-Term Incentive Plan Activity  (22,405)   (22,405)
Issuance of Treasury Shares546,256 30,190 10,235 40,425 
Capital Stock Expense(1,042)(1,042)
Other Comprehensive Income  5,203  5,203 
Balance as of March 31, 2024351,379,414 $1,806,385 $8,537,591 $4,413,593 $(28,534)$(185,447)$14,543,588 

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
 Common SharesCapital
Surplus,
Paid In
Retained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive LossTreasury StockTotal Common Shareholders' Equity
(Thousands of Dollars, Except Share Information)SharesAmount
Balance as of January 1, 2023348,443,855 $1,799,920 $8,401,731 $5,527,153 $(39,421)$(216,225)$15,473,158 
Net Income493,039 493,039 
Dividends on Common Shares - $0.675 Per Share
(235,354)(235,354)
Dividends on Preferred Stock(1,880)(1,880)
Long-Term Incentive Plan Activity(13,141)(13,141)
Issuance of Treasury Shares364,227 23,495 6,824 30,319 
Other Comprehensive Income3,230 3,230 
Balance as of March 31, 2023348,808,082 $1,799,920 $8,412,085 $5,782,958 $(36,191)$(209,401)$15,749,371 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3


EVERSOURCE ENERGY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars)20242023
Operating Activities:  
Net Income$523,728 $493,039 
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities:  
Depreciation339,914 312,955 
Deferred Income Taxes156,976 149,197 
Uncollectible Expense16,387 22,821 
Pension, SERP and PBOP Income, Net(16,938)(24,563)
Pension Contributions(1,250)(1,100)
Regulatory Under Recoveries, Net(232,350)(158,964)
Amortization(2,325)(76,059)
Cost of Removal Expenditures(57,337)(70,514)
Other (58,687)(54,486)
Changes in Current Assets and Liabilities:  
Receivables and Unbilled Revenues, Net(212,171)(225,609)
Taxes Receivable/Accrued, Net65,641 284 
Accounts Payable(107,014)(258,476)
Other Current Assets and Liabilities, Net(123,262)(39,368)
Net Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities291,312 69,157 
Investing Activities:  
Investments in Property, Plant and Equipment(1,149,443)(977,144)
Proceeds from Sales of Marketable Securities41,729 64,307 
Purchases of Marketable Securities(37,555)(56,508)
Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates(307,433)(87,845)
Other Investing Activities5,850 5,640 
Net Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities(1,446,852)(1,051,550)
Financing Activities:  
Issuance of Common Shares, Net of Issuance Costs75,395  
Cash Dividends on Common Shares(244,786)(229,405)
Cash Dividends on Preferred Stock(1,880)(1,880)
Increase/(Decrease) in Notes Payable216,119 (246,700)
Repayment of Rate Reduction Bonds(21,605)(21,605)
Issuance of Long-Term Debt1,350,000 1,550,000 
Retirement of Long-Term Debt (400,000)
Other Financing Activities(23,725)(27,002)
Net Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities1,349,518 623,408 
Net Increase/(Decrease) in Cash and Restricted Cash193,978 (358,985)
Cash and Restricted Cash - Beginning of Period166,418 521,752 
Cash and Restricted Cash - End of Period$360,396 $162,767 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4



THE CONNECTICUT LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(Thousands of Dollars)As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
ASSETS  
Current Assets:  
Cash$29,006 $10,213 
Receivables, Net (net of allowance for uncollectible accounts of $307,834 and
   $296,030 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
586,642 558,993 
Accounts Receivable from Affiliated Companies90,586 60,450 
Unbilled Revenues50,625 57,403 
Materials, Supplies and REC Inventory177,258 156,467 
Regulatory Assets717,608 480,369 
Prepayments and Other Current Assets89,317 94,789 
Total Current Assets1,741,042 1,418,684 
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net12,532,477 12,340,192 
Deferred Debits and Other Assets:  
Regulatory Assets1,710,091 1,662,778 
Prepaid Pension and PBOP138,609 129,801 
Other Long-Term Assets318,942 298,169 
Total Deferred Debits and Other Assets2,167,642 2,090,748 
Total Assets$16,441,161 $15,849,624 
LIABILITIES AND CAPITALIZATION  
Current Liabilities:
Notes Payable to Eversource Parent $426,100 $249,670 
Long-Term Debt – Current Portion139,845  
Accounts Payable579,695 622,055 
Accounts Payable to Affiliated Companies151,316 134,726 
Obligations to Third Party Suppliers70,037 75,753 
Regulatory Liabilities117,335 102,239 
Derivative Liabilities79,197 81,944 
Other Current Liabilities166,265 127,703 
Total Current Liabilities1,729,790 1,394,090 
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: 
Accumulated Deferred Income Taxes1,960,837 1,860,122 
Regulatory Liabilities1,333,875 1,315,928 
Other Long-Term Liabilities241,293 258,185 
Total Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities3,536,005 3,434,235 
Long-Term Debt4,814,040 4,814,429 
Preferred Stock Not Subject to Mandatory Redemption116,200 116,200 
Common Stockholder's Equity:  
Common Stock60,352 60,352 
Capital Surplus, Paid In3,484,265 3,384,265 
Retained Earnings2,700,331 2,645,868 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income178 185 
Common Stockholder's Equity6,245,126 6,090,670 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)
Total Liabilities and Capitalization$16,441,161 $15,849,624 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.
5


THE CONNECTICUT LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars)20242023
Operating Revenues$1,121,291 $1,338,905 
Operating Expenses:
Purchased Power and Transmission565,996 850,564 
Operations and Maintenance186,764 160,316 
Depreciation98,445 92,237 
Amortization of Regulatory Liabilities, Net(91,713)(122,315)
Energy Efficiency Programs35,600 32,646 
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes103,801 101,584 
Total Operating Expenses898,893 1,115,032 
Operating Income222,398 223,873 
Interest Expense54,824 45,201 
Other Income, Net16,468 14,937 
Income Before Income Tax Expense184,042 193,609 
Income Tax Expense45,689 45,193 
Net Income$138,353 $148,416 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.


CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars)20242023
Net Income$138,353 $148,416 
Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income, Net of Tax:  
Qualified Cash Flow Hedging Instruments(7)(7)
Changes in Unrealized Gains on Marketable Securities 43 
Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income, Net of Tax(7)36 
Comprehensive Income$138,346 $148,452 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

6


THE CONNECTICUT LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMMON STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
(Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
 Common StockCapital
Surplus,
Paid In
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Total
Common
Stockholder's
Equity
(Thousands of Dollars, Except Stock Information)StockAmount
Balance as of January 1, 20246,035,205 $60,352 $3,384,265 $2,645,868 $185 $6,090,670 
Net Income   138,353  138,353 
Dividends on Preferred Stock   (1,390) (1,390)
Dividends on Common Stock   (82,500) (82,500)
Capital Contributions from Eversource Parent100,000 100,000 
Other Comprehensive Loss    (7)(7)
Balance as of March 31, 20246,035,205 $60,352 $3,484,265 $2,700,331 $178 $6,245,126 

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
 Common StockCapital
Surplus,
Paid In
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Total
Common
Stockholder's
Equity
(Thousands of Dollars, Except Stock Information)StockAmount
Balance as of January 1, 20236,035,205 $60,352 $3,260,765 $2,463,094 $169 $5,784,380 
Net Income   148,416  148,416 
Dividends on Preferred Stock   (1,390) (1,390)
Dividends on Common Stock   (82,600) (82,600)
Other Comprehensive Income    36 36 
Balance as of March 31, 20236,035,205 $60,352 $3,260,765 $2,527,520 $205 $5,848,842 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

7


THE CONNECTICUT LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars)20242023
Operating Activities:  
Net Income$138,353 $148,416 
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Flows Used In Operating Activities:  
Depreciation98,445 92,237 
Deferred Income Taxes91,630 94,267 
Uncollectible Expense3,507 3,876 
Pension, SERP, and PBOP Income, Net(3,557)(4,461)
Regulatory Under Recoveries, Net(139,979)(110,114)
Amortization of Regulatory Liabilities, Net(91,713)(122,315)
Cost of Removal Expenditures(17,675)(13,011)
Other(32,174)(13,964)
Changes in Current Assets and Liabilities:  
Receivables and Unbilled Revenues, Net(80,396)(76,482)
Taxes Receivable/Accrued, Net66,015 52,261 
Accounts Payable(20,613)(110,926)
Other Current Assets and Liabilities, Net(38,466)(13,412)
Net Cash Flows Used In Operating Activities(26,623)(73,628)
Investing Activities:  
Investments in Property, Plant and Equipment(285,888)(255,905)
Other Investing Activities 126 
Net Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities(285,888)(255,779)
Financing Activities:  
Cash Dividends on Common Stock(82,500)(82,600)
Cash Dividends on Preferred Stock(1,390)(1,390)
Capital Contributions from Eversource Parent100,000  
Issuance of Long-Term Debt350,000 500,000 
Retirement of Long-Term Debt (400,000)
(Decrease)/Increase in Notes Payable to Eversource Parent(30,900)318,000 
Other Financing Activities(3,887)(6,521)
Net Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities331,323 327,489 
Net Increase/(Decrease) in Cash and Restricted Cash18,812 (1,918)
Cash and Restricted Cash - Beginning of Period12,243 20,327 
Cash and Restricted Cash - End of Period$31,055 $18,409 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.



8



NSTAR ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(Thousands of Dollars)As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
ASSETS  
Current Assets: 
Cash $20,226 $6,740 
Receivables, Net (net of allowance for uncollectible accounts of $97,653 and
   $97,026 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
545,961 487,707 
Accounts Receivable from Affiliated Companies74,263 74,634 
Unbilled Revenues47,999 49,897 
Materials, Supplies and REC Inventory210,993 173,770 
Regulatory Assets718,726 676,083 
Prepayments and Other Current Assets65,926 41,464 
Total Current Assets1,684,094 1,510,295 
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net13,040,321 12,753,787 
Deferred Debits and Other Assets: 
Regulatory Assets1,322,249 1,281,836 
Prepaid Pension and PBOP629,131 608,617 
Other Long-Term Assets125,196 116,978 
Total Deferred Debits and Other Assets2,076,576 2,007,431 
Total Assets$16,800,991 $16,271,513 
LIABILITIES AND CAPITALIZATION  
Current Liabilities:  
Notes Payable$419,000 $365,847 
Accounts Payable486,110 599,696 
Accounts Payable to Affiliated Companies215,751 144,622 
Obligations to Third Party Suppliers162,414 139,823 
Renewable Portfolio Standards Compliance Obligations142,193 116,010 
Regulatory Liabilities405,190 368,070 
Other Current Liabilities86,460 84,688 
Total Current Liabilities1,917,118 1,818,756 
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities:  
Accumulated Deferred Income Taxes1,892,041 1,849,613 
Regulatory Liabilities1,603,079 1,585,311 
Other Long-Term Liabilities334,530 327,388 
Total Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities3,829,650 3,762,312 
Long-Term Debt4,497,954 4,496,947 
Preferred Stock Not Subject to Mandatory Redemption43,000 43,000 
Common Stockholder's Equity:  
Common Stock  
Capital Surplus, Paid In3,313,842 3,013,842 
Retained Earnings3,199,399 3,136,612 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income28 44 
Common Stockholder's Equity6,513,269 6,150,498 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)
Total Liabilities and Capitalization$16,800,991 $16,271,513 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
9


NSTAR ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars)20242023
Operating Revenues$947,615 $956,283 
Operating Expenses: 
Purchased Power and Transmission273,305 360,925 
Operations and Maintenance173,672 166,083 
Depreciation96,922 90,430 
Amortization of Regulatory Assets, Net48,392 22,785 
Energy Efficiency Programs82,301 86,217 
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes60,010 53,510 
Total Operating Expenses734,602 779,950 
Operating Income213,013 176,333 
Interest Expense49,423 44,865 
Other Income, Net47,114 39,873 
Income Before Income Tax Expense210,704 171,341 
Income Tax Expense50,727 37,528 
Net Income$159,977 $133,813 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars)20242023
Net Income$159,977 $133,813 
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax:
  Changes in Funded Status of SERP Benefit Plan(21)(33)
  Qualified Cash Flow Hedging Instruments5 5 
Changes in Unrealized Gains on Marketable Securities 12 
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax(16)(16)
Comprehensive Income$159,961 $133,797 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

10


NSTAR ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMMON STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
(Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
 Common StockCapital
Surplus,
Paid In
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Total
Common
Stockholder's
Equity
(Thousands of Dollars, Except Stock Information)StockAmount
Balance as of January 1, 2024200 $ $3,013,842 $3,136,612 $44 $6,150,498 
Net Income   159,977  159,977 
Dividends on Preferred Stock   (490) (490)
Dividends on Common Stock   (96,700) (96,700)
Capital Contributions from Eversource Parent300,000 300,000 
Other Comprehensive Loss    (16)(16)
Balance as of March 31, 2024200 $ $3,313,842 $3,199,399 $28 $6,513,269 

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
 Common StockCapital
Surplus,
Paid In
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Total
Common
Stockholder's
Equity
(Thousands of Dollars, Except Stock Information)StockAmount
Balance as of January 1, 2023200 $ $2,778,942 $2,921,444 $284 $5,700,670 
Net Income   133,813  133,813 
Dividends on Preferred Stock   (490) (490)
Dividends on Common Stock   (327,400) (327,400)
Capital Contributions from Eversource Parent31,300 31,300 
Other Comprehensive Loss    (16)(16)
Balance as of March 31, 2023200 $ $2,810,242 $2,727,367 $268 $5,537,877 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

11


NSTAR ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars)20242023
Operating Activities:  
Net Income$159,977 $133,813 
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities:  
Depreciation96,922 90,430 
Deferred Income Taxes31,812 44,403 
Uncollectible Expense6,109 4,697 
Pension, SERP and PBOP Income, Net(8,954)(9,886)
Regulatory Under Recoveries, Net(85,422)(58,000)
Amortization of Regulatory Assets, Net48,392 22,785 
Cost of Removal Expenditures(11,715)(12,893)
Other (12,395)(9,921)
Changes in Current Assets and Liabilities:  
Receivables and Unbilled Revenues, Net(74,262)(90,684)
Taxes Receivable/Accrued, Net(18,223)11,977 
Accounts Payable13,088 20,249 
Other Current Assets and Liabilities, Net7,316 (6,185)
Net Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities152,645 140,785 
Investing Activities:  
Investments in Property, Plant and Equipment(394,895)(318,673)
Other Investing Activities 35 
Net Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities(394,895)(318,638)
Financing Activities:  
Cash Dividends on Common Stock(96,700)(327,400)
Cash Dividends on Preferred Stock(490)(490)
Capital Contributions from Eversource Parent300,000 31,300 
Increase in Notes Payable53,153 147,500 
Other Financing Activities5 5 
Net Cash Flows Provided by/(Used In) Financing Activities255,968 (149,085)
Net Increase/(Decrease) in Cash and Restricted Cash13,718 (326,938)
Cash and Restricted Cash - Beginning of Period22,785 345,293 
Cash and Restricted Cash - End of Period$36,503 $18,355 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

12



PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(Thousands of Dollars)As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
ASSETS  
Current Assets:  
Cash$14,067 $240 
Receivables, Net (net of allowance for uncollectible accounts of $13,812 and $14,322
   as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)
146,327 152,276 
Accounts Receivable from Affiliated Companies21,732 18,214 
Unbilled Revenues45,108 55,012 
Taxes Receivable33,534 27,146 
Materials, Supplies and REC Inventory79,846 77,066 
Regulatory Assets188,057 189,450 
Special Deposits17,065 31,586 
Prepayments 5,291 18,489 
Total Current Assets551,027 569,479 
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net4,707,625 4,574,652 
Deferred Debits and Other Assets:  
Regulatory Assets811,457 773,783 
Prepaid Pension and PBOP64,019 58,979 
Other Long-Term Assets16,062 16,558 
Total Deferred Debits and Other Assets891,538 849,320 
Total Assets$6,150,190 $5,993,451 
LIABILITIES AND CAPITALIZATION  
Current Liabilities:  
Notes Payable to Eversource Parent$ $233,000 
Rate Reduction Bonds – Current Portion43,210 43,210 
Accounts Payable212,844 205,744 
Accounts Payable to Affiliated Companies57,836 41,272 
Regulatory Liabilities86,141 117,515 
Other Current Liabilities63,096 72,328 
Total Current Liabilities463,127 713,069 
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities:  
Accumulated Deferred Income Taxes724,212 691,532 
Regulatory Liabilities389,427 393,574 
Other Long-Term Liabilities42,793 42,484 
Total Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities1,156,432 1,127,590 
Long-Term Debt1,682,679 1,431,591 
Rate Reduction Bonds345,677 367,282 
Common Stockholder's Equity: 
Common Stock  
Capital Surplus, Paid In1,798,134 1,698,134 
Retained Earnings704,141 655,785 
Common Stockholder's Equity2,502,275 2,353,919 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)
Total Liabilities and Capitalization$6,150,190 $5,993,451 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

13


PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars)20242023
Operating Revenues$326,116 $420,155 
Operating Expenses: 
Purchased Power and Transmission87,938 226,685 
Operations and Maintenance68,712 67,796 
Depreciation37,409 34,088 
Amortization of Regulatory Assets/(Liabilities), Net21,264 (5,317)
Energy Efficiency Programs11,176 10,226 
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes23,316 22,105 
Total Operating Expenses249,815 355,583 
Operating Income76,301 64,572 
Interest Expense19,194 17,542 
Other Income, Net7,050 5,717 
Income Before Income Tax Expense64,157 52,747 
Income Tax Expense15,801 12,451 
Net Income$48,356 $40,296 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars)20242023
Net Income$48,356 $40,296 
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax:  
Changes in Unrealized Gains on Marketable Securities 73 
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax 73 
Comprehensive Income$48,356 $40,369 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

14


PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMMON STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
(Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
 Common StockCapital
Surplus,
Paid In
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Total
Common
Stockholder's
Equity
(Thousands of Dollars, Except Stock Information)StockAmount
Balance as of January 1, 2024301 $ $1,698,134 $655,785 $ $2,353,919 
Net Income   48,356  48,356 
Capital Contributions from Eversource Parent100,000 100,000 
Balance as of March 31, 2024301 $ $1,798,134 $704,141 $ $2,502,275 

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
 Common StockCapital
Surplus,
Paid In
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Loss
Total
Common
Stockholder's
Equity
(Thousands of Dollars, Except Stock Information)StockAmount
Balance as of January 1, 2023301 $ $1,298,134 $572,126 $(73)$1,870,187 
Net Income   40,296  40,296 
Dividends on Common Stock(28,000)(28,000)
Other Comprehensive Income    73 73 
Balance as of March 31, 2023301 $ $1,298,134 $584,422 $ $1,882,556 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

15


PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Thousands of Dollars)20242023
Operating Activities:  
Net Income $48,356 $40,296 
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Flows Provided by/(Used In)
  Operating Activities:
  
Depreciation37,409 34,088 
Deferred Income Taxes31,763 62,924 
Uncollectible Expense1,163 5,060 
Pension, SERP and PBOP Income, Net(2,322)(2,552)
Regulatory Under Recoveries, Net(78,464)(175,865)
Amortization of Regulatory Assets/(Liabilities), Net21,264 (5,317)
Cost of Removal Expenditures(12,518)(4,508)
Other761 1,711 
Changes in Current Assets and Liabilities:  
Receivables and Unbilled Revenues, Net11,194 (21,230)
Taxes Receivable/Accrued, Net(6,387)(20,195)
Accounts Payable(1,559)10,265 
Other Current Assets and Liabilities, Net1,186 2,462 
Net Cash Flows Provided by/(Used In) Operating Activities51,846 (72,861)
Investing Activities:  
Investments in Property, Plant and Equipment(148,934)(133,890)
Other Investing Activities 216 
Net Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities(148,934)(133,674)
Financing Activities:  
Cash Dividends on Common Stock (28,000)
Capital Contributions from Eversource Parent100,000  
Issuance of Long-Term Debt 300,000 
Repayment of Rate Reduction Bonds(21,605)(21,605)
Increase/(Decrease) in Notes Payable to Eversource Parent18,000 (52,200)
Other Financing Activities (5,460)
Net Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities96,395 192,735 
Net Decrease in Cash and Restricted Cash(693)(13,800)
Cash and Restricted Cash - Beginning of Period35,004 36,812 
Cash and Restricted Cash - End of Period$34,311 $23,012 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

16



EVERSOURCE ENERGY AND SUBSIDIARIES
THE CONNECTICUT LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY
NSTAR ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARY
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND SUBSIDIARIES

COMBINED NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Refer to the Glossary of Terms included in this combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for abbreviations and acronyms used throughout the combined notes to the unaudited condensed financial statements.

1.    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

A.    Basis of Presentation
Eversource Energy is a public utility holding company primarily engaged, through its wholly-owned regulated utility subsidiaries, in the energy delivery business.  Eversource Energy's wholly-owned regulated utility subsidiaries consist of CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH (electric utilities), Yankee Gas, NSTAR Gas and EGMA (natural gas utilities), and Aquarion (water utilities). Eversource provides energy delivery and/or water service to approximately 4.4 million electric, natural gas and water customers through twelve regulated utilities in Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Eversource, NSTAR Electric and PSNH include the accounts of each of their respective subsidiaries.  Intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.  The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Eversource, NSTAR Electric and PSNH and the unaudited condensed financial statements of CL&P are herein collectively referred to as the "financial statements."

The combined notes to the financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.  Certain information and footnote disclosures included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.  The accompanying financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Combined Notes to Financial Statements included in Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," of the Eversource 2023 Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on February 14, 2024. The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The financial statements contain, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (including normal, recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly Eversource's, CL&P's, NSTAR Electric's and PSNH's financial position as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and the results of operations, comprehensive income, common shareholders' equity and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for a full year.

CYAPC and YAEC are inactive regional nuclear power companies engaged in the long-term storage of their spent nuclear fuel. Eversource consolidates the operations of CYAPC and YAEC because CL&P's, NSTAR Electric's and PSNH's combined ownership and voting interests in each of these entities is greater than 50 percent.  Intercompany transactions between CL&P, NSTAR Electric, PSNH and the CYAPC and YAEC companies have been eliminated in consolidation of the Eversource financial statements.

Eversource holds several equity ownership interests that are not consolidated and are accounted for under the equity method, including 50 percent ownership interests in three offshore wind projects and a tax equity investment in one of the projects. See Note 1E, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates," for further information on Eversource’s equity method investments.

Eversource's utility subsidiaries' electric, natural gas and water distribution and transmission businesses are subject to rate-regulation that is based on cost recovery and meets the criteria for application of accounting guidance for entities with rate-regulated operations, which considers the effect of regulation on the differences in the timing of the recognition of certain revenues and expenses from those of other businesses and industries. See Note 2, "Regulatory Accounting," for further information.

Certain reclassifications of prior period data were made in the accompanying financial statements to conform to the current period presentation.

B.    Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts
Receivables, Net on the balance sheets primarily includes trade receivables from retail customers and customers related to wholesale transmission contracts, wholesale market sales, sales of RECs, and property rentals. Receivables, Net also includes customer receivables for the purchase of electricity from a competitive third party supplier, the current portion of customer energy efficiency loans, property damage receivables and other miscellaneous receivables. There is no material concentration of receivables.

Receivables are recorded at amortized cost, net of a credit loss provision (or allowance for uncollectible accounts). The current expected credit loss (CECL) model is applied to receivables for purposes of calculating the allowance for uncollectible accounts. This model is based on expected losses and results in the recognition of estimated expected credit losses, including uncollectible amounts for both billed and unbilled revenues, over the life of the receivable at the time a receivable is recorded.

17


The allowance for uncollectible accounts is determined based upon a variety of judgments and factors, including an aging-based quantitative assessment that applies an estimated uncollectible percentage to each receivable aging category.  Factors in determining credit loss include historical collection, write-off experience, analysis of delinquency statistics, and management's assessment of collectability from customers, including current economic conditions, customer payment trends, the impact on customer bills because of energy usage trends and changes in rates, flexible payment plans and financial hardship arrearage management programs offered to customers, reasonable forecasts, and expectations of future collectability and collection efforts. Management continuously assesses the collectability of receivables and adjusts estimates based on actual experience and future expectations based on economic conditions, collection efforts and other factors.  Management also monitors the aging analysis of receivables to determine if there are changes in the collections of accounts receivable. Receivable balances are written off against the allowance for uncollectible accounts when the customer accounts are no longer in service and these balances are deemed to be uncollectible. Management concluded that the reserve balance as of March 31, 2024 adequately reflected the collection risk and net realizable value for its receivables.

The PURA allows CL&P and Yankee Gas to accelerate the recovery of accounts receivable balances attributable to qualified customers under financial or medical duress (uncollectible hardship accounts receivable) outstanding for greater than 180 days and 90 days, respectively.  The DPU allows NSTAR Electric, NSTAR Gas and EGMA to recover in rates amounts associated with certain uncollectible hardship accounts receivable. These uncollectible hardship customer account balances are included in Regulatory Assets or Other Long-Term Assets on the balance sheets. Hardship customers are protected from shut-off in certain circumstances, and historical collection experience has reflected a higher default risk as compared to the rest of the receivable population. Management uses a higher credit risk profile for this pool of trade receivables as compared to non-hardship receivables. The allowance for uncollectible hardship accounts is included in the total uncollectible allowance balance.

The total allowance for uncollectible accounts is included in Receivables, Net on the balance sheets. The activity in the allowance for uncollectible accounts by portfolio segment as of March 31st is as follows:
EversourceCL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNH
(Millions of Dollars)Hardship AccountsRetail (Non-Hardship),
Wholesale, and Other
Total AllowanceHardship AccountsRetail (Non-Hardship),
Wholesale, and Other
Total AllowanceHardship AccountsRetail (Non-Hardship),
Wholesale, and Other
Total AllowanceTotal Allowance
Three Months Ended 2024
Beginning Balance$366.8 $187.7 $554.5 $259.7 $36.3 $296.0 $43.6 $53.4 $97.0 $14.3 
Uncollectible Expense 16.4 16.4  3.5 3.5  6.1 6.1 1.2 
Uncollectible Costs Deferred (1)
27.5 11.4 38.9 22.7 2.7 25.4 (0.8)4.4 3.6 1.3 
Write-Offs(15.1)(28.5)(43.6)(10.8)(7.7)(18.5)(1.0)(9.2)(10.2)(3.2)
Recoveries Collected0.2 3.7 3.9 0.2 1.2 1.4  1.2 1.2 0.2 
Ending Balance$379.4 $190.7 $570.1 $271.8 $36.0 $307.8 $41.8 $55.9 $97.7 $13.8 
EversourceCL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNH
(Millions of Dollars)Hardship AccountsRetail (Non-Hardship),
Wholesale, and Other
Total AllowanceHardship AccountsRetail (Non-Hardship),
Wholesale, and Other
Total AllowanceHardship AccountsRetail (Non-Hardship),
Wholesale, and Other
Total AllowanceTotal Allowance
Three Months Ended 2023
Beginning Balance$284.4 $201.9 $486.3 $188.9 $36.4 $225.3 $43.7 $51.3 $95.0 $29.2 
Uncollectible Expense 22.8 22.8  3.9 3.9  4.7 4.7 5.1 
Uncollectible Costs Deferred (1)
43.7 14.3 58.0 34.3 2.7 37.0 (1.3)5.4 4.1 1.2 
Write-Offs(9.7)(26.3)(36.0)(7.3)(7.0)(14.3)(0.4)(10.3)(10.7)(2.2)
Recoveries Collected0.3 3.7 4.0 0.3 1.2 1.5  1.5 1.5 0.2 
Ending Balance$318.7 $216.4 $535.1 $216.2 $37.2 $253.4 $42.0 $52.6 $94.6 $33.5 

(1) These expected credit losses are deferred as regulatory costs on the balance sheets, as these amounts are ultimately recovered in rates. Amounts include uncollectible costs for hardship accounts and other customer receivables, including uncollectible amounts related to uncollectible energy supply costs and COVID-19.

C.    Fair Value Measurements
Fair value measurement guidance is applied to derivative contracts that are not elected or designated as "normal purchases" or "normal sales" (normal) and to marketable securities held in trusts.  Fair value measurement guidance is also applied to valuations of the investments used to calculate the funded status of pension and PBOP plans, the nonrecurring fair value measurements of nonfinancial assets such as goodwill, long-lived assets, equity method investments, AROs, and in the valuation of business combinations and asset acquisitions. The fair value measurement guidance was also applied in estimating the fair value of preferred stock, long-term debt and RRBs.

Fair Value Hierarchy:  In measuring fair value, Eversource uses observable market data when available in order to minimize the use of unobservable inputs.  Inputs used in fair value measurements are categorized into three fair value hierarchy levels for disclosure purposes.  The entire fair value measurement is categorized based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.  Eversource evaluates the classification of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a quarterly basis. 

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The levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1 - Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.  Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.  

Level 2 - Inputs are quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable.

Level 3 - Quoted market prices are not available.  Fair value is derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or assumptions are unobservable.  Where possible, valuation techniques incorporate observable market inputs that can be validated to external sources such as industry exchanges, including prices of energy and energy-related products.  

Uncategorized - Investments that are measured at net asset value are not categorized within the fair value hierarchy.

Determination of Fair Value:  The valuation techniques and inputs used in Eversource's fair value measurements are described in Note 4, "Derivative Instruments," Note 5, "Marketable Securities," and Note 10, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments," to the financial statements.

D.    Other Income, Net
The components of Other Income, Net on the statements of income were as follows:
 For the Three Months Ended
 March 31, 2024March 31, 2023
(Millions of Dollars)EversourceCL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNHEversourceCL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNH
Pension, SERP and PBOP Non-Service
   Income Components, Net of Deferred Portion
$27.8 $6.5 $12.3 $3.6 $34.8 $9.5 $14.7 $4.2 
AFUDC Equity26.8 6.0 16.2 1.9 15.5 4.1 9.5 0.7 
Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Affiliates7.8  0.2  3.8  0.1  
Investment (Loss)/Income(0.8)(0.7)0.4 (0.2)(1.7)(0.6)(0.5)(0.1)
Interest Income30.0 4.7 18.0 1.8 23.1 1.9 16.0 0.9 
Other (1)
(0.6)   13.5  0.1  
Total Other Income, Net$91.0 $16.5 $47.1 $7.1 $89.0 $14.9 $39.9 $5.7 

(1)    Eversource’s equity method investment in a renewable energy fund was liquidated in March 2023. Liquidation proceeds in excess of the carrying value were recorded in 2023 within Other in the table above. See Note 1E, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates," for further information.    
    
E.    Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates
Investments in entities that are not consolidated are included in long-term assets on the balance sheets and earnings impacts from these equity investments are included in Other Income, Net on the statements of income.  Eversource's investments included the following:
Investment Balance
(Millions of Dollars)Ownership InterestAs of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
Offshore Wind Business50%-100%$596.4 $515.5 
Natural Gas Pipeline - Algonquin Gas Transmission, LLC15%115.9 116.0 
Other various29.4 29.0 
Total Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates$741.7 $660.5 

Offshore Wind Business: Eversource’s offshore wind business includes 50 percent ownership interests in each of North East Offshore and South Fork Class B Member, LLC, which collectively hold three offshore wind projects. North East Offshore holds the Revolution Wind project and the Sunrise Wind project. South Fork Class B Member, LLC holds the South Fork Wind project. Eversource’s offshore wind business also includes a noncontrolling tax equity investment in South Fork Wind through a 100 percent ownership in South Fork Wind Holdings, LLC Class A shares. The offshore wind projects are being developed and constructed through joint and equal partnerships with Ørsted.

On May 25, 2023, Eversource announced that it had completed a strategic review of its offshore wind investments and determined that it would pursue the sale of its offshore wind investments. On September 7, 2023, Eversource completed the sale of its 50 percent interest in an uncommitted lease area consisting of approximately 175,000 developable acres located 25 miles off the south coast of Massachusetts to Ørsted for $625 million in an all-cash transaction.

In September of 2023, Eversource made a contribution of $528 million using the proceeds from the lease area sale to invest in a tax equity interest for South Fork Wind. South Fork Wind was restructured as a tax equity investment, with Eversource purchasing 100 percent ownership of a new Class A tax equity membership interest. As a result of this investment, Eversource expects to receive approximately $400 million of investment tax credits (ITC) after the turbines are placed in service for South Fork Wind and meet the requirements to qualify for the ITC, in addition to other expected future cash flow benefits that aggregate to approximately $100 million. These investment tax credits will be utilized to reduce
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Eversource’s federal tax liability or generate tax refunds in future periods through 2026. As of March 31, 2024, six South Fork Wind turbines met the requirements to qualify for the investment tax credits. As a result, $193 million of expected investment tax credits were reclassified from the South Fork Wind tax equity investment balance reported in Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates as a reduction in current taxes payable of $54 million and an increase in deferred tax assets of $139 million on the Eversource balance sheet as of March 31, 2024. An additional $37 million deferred tax asset was established through a reduction of the tax equity investment balance due to a temporary difference on the related depreciable property as of March 31, 2024. These balance sheet reclassifications represent non-cash transactions.

Expected Sales of Offshore Wind Investments: On January 24, 2024, Ørsted signed an agreement with Eversource to acquire Eversource’s 50 percent share of Sunrise Wind, subject to the successful selection of Sunrise Wind in the New York fourth solicitation for offshore wind capacity, signing of an OREC contract with NYSERDA, finalization of agreements including the equity and asset purchase agreement, receipt of the final approval by BOEM of the Sunrise Wind Construction and Operations Plan (COP), and relevant regulatory approvals. On January 25, 2024, Sunrise Wind submitted a proposal in the New York fourth offshore wind solicitation and was selected by NYSERDA on February 29, 2024 for contract negotiation. Sunrise Wind is currently negotiating an OREC contract with NYSERDA that will include the price proposed by Sunrise Wind in the solicitation. We expect the OREC contract to be finalized in the second quarter of 2024.

On April 18, 2024, Eversource and Ørsted executed the equity and asset purchase agreement to sell Eversource’s 50 percent interest in Sunrise Wind to Ørsted, and upon closing, Ørsted will become the sole owner of Sunrise Wind. Eversource will remain contracted to manage Sunrise Wind’s onshore construction through completion. In accordance with the equity and asset purchase agreement, Ørsted will pay Eversource 50 percent of the negotiated purchase price upon closing the sale transaction, with the remaining 50 percent paid after onshore construction is completed and certain other milestones are achieved. Upon the closing of the transaction, Eversource will not have any ongoing ownership interest in the project, nor any ongoing financial or credit support obligations associated with project costs. The impact of the purchase price from the sale of Sunrise Wind to Ørsted, as compared to the current carrying value of the investment which had assumed an abandonment of the project, will be reflected when the sale of Sunrise Wind is completed. In accordance with accounting guidance, the impairment loss recognized on the Sunrise Wind investment cannot subsequently be reversed for increases in estimated fair value, and therefore the impact will be recognized when the sale occurs. Eversource expects the sale of Sunrise Wind to Ørsted will be completed later this year.

On February 13, 2024, Eversource announced that it executed an agreement to sell its existing 50 percent interests in the South Fork Wind and Revolution Wind projects to Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP). As part of this transaction, Eversource expects to receive approximately $1.1 billion of cash proceeds upon closing, which includes the sales value related to the 10 percent energy community ITC adder of approximately $170 million related to Revolution Wind, and to exit these projects while retaining certain cost sharing obligations for the construction of Revolution Wind. The purchase price is subject to future post-closing adjustment payments based on, among other things, the progress, timing and expense of construction of each project. The cost sharing obligations provide that Eversource would share equally with GIP in GIP’s funding obligations for up to approximately $240 million of incremental capital expenditure overruns incurred during the construction phase for the Revolution Wind project, after which obligations for any additional capital expenditure overruns would be shared equally by Eversource and Ørsted. Additionally, Eversource’s financial exposure will be adjusted by certain purchase price adjustments to be made following commercial operation of the Revolution Wind project and closing of South Fork as a result of final project economics, which includes Eversource’s obligation to maintain GIP’s internal rate of return for each project as specified in the agreement. South Fork Wind construction has been completed and Eversource does not expect any material cost sharing or other purchase price adjustment payments for South Fork Wind.

Factors that could result in Eversource’s total net proceeds from the transaction to be lower or higher include Revolution Wind’s eligibility for federal investment tax credits at other than the anticipated 40 percent level; the ultimate cost of construction and extent of cost overruns for Revolution Wind; delays in constructing Revolution Wind, which would impact the economics associated with the purchase price adjustment; and a benefit due to Eversource if there are lower operation costs or higher availability of the projects through the period that is four years following the commercial operation date of the Revolution Wind project.

Closing the transaction with GIP is subject to customary conditions, including certain regulatory approvals by the New York Public Service Commission, the FERC, and a review under the Hart Scott Rodino Act, as well as other conditions, among which is the completion and execution of the partnership agreements between GIP and Ørsted that will govern GIP’s new ownership interest in those projects following Eversource’s divestiture. The review period under the Hart Scott Rodino Act has expired. Closing of this transaction is currently expected to occur later this year. If closing of the sale is delayed, additional capital contributions made by Eversource would be recovered in the sales price. Under this agreement with GIP, Eversource’s existing credit support obligations are expected to roll off for each project around the time that each project completes its expected capital spend.

Eversource will continue to make future cash expenditures for required cash contributions to its offshore wind investments up to the time of disposition of each of the offshore wind projects. Capital contributions are expected until the sales are completed and changes in the timing and amounts of these contributions would be adjusted in the sales prices and therefore not result in an additional impairment charge. Proceeds from the transactions will be used to pay off parent company debt.

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Impairment: Equity method investments are assessed for impairment when conditions exist as of the balance sheet date that indicate that the fair value of the investment may be less than book value. Eversource continually monitors and evaluates its equity method investments to determine if there are indicators of an other-than-temporary impairment. If the decline in value is considered to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value, which establishes a new cost basis in the investment. Subsequent declines or recoveries after the reporting date are not considered in the impairment recognized. Investments that are other-than-temporarily impaired and written down to their estimated fair value cannot subsequently be written back up for increases in estimated fair value. Impairment evaluations involve a significant degree of judgment and estimation, including identifying circumstances that indicate an impairment may exist at the equity method investment level, selecting discount rates used to determine fair values, and developing an estimate of discounted future cash flows expected from investment operations or the sale of the investment. In the first quarter of 2024, there were no indicators of an other-than-temporary impairment in Eversource’s equity method investment balance.

2023 Liquidation of Renewable Energy Investment Fund: On March 21, 2023, Eversource’s equity method investment in a renewable energy investment fund was liquidated by the fund’s general partner in accordance with the partnership agreement. Proceeds received from the liquidation of $123.4 million were received in the first quarter of 2023 and were included in Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates within investing activities on the statement of cash flows. A portion of the proceeds was used to make a charitable contribution to the Eversource Energy Foundation (a related party) of $20.0 million in the first quarter of 2023. The liquidation benefit received in excess of the investment’s carrying value and the charitable contribution are included in Other Income, Net on the statement of income.

F.    Other Taxes
Eversource's companies that serve customers in Connecticut collect gross receipts taxes levied by the state of Connecticut from their customers. These gross receipts taxes are recorded separately with collections in Operating Revenues and with payments in Taxes Other Than Income Taxes on the statements of income as follows:
 For the Three Months Ended
(Millions of Dollars)March 31, 2024March 31, 2023
Eversource$53.3 $55.0 
CL&P43.9 43.1

As agents for state and local governments, Eversource's companies that serve customers in Connecticut and Massachusetts collect certain sales taxes that are recorded on a net basis with no impact on the statements of income. 

G.    Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Non-cash investing activities include plant additions included in Accounts Payable as follows:
(Millions of Dollars)As of March 31, 2024As of March 31, 2023
Eversource$453.6 $400.8 
CL&P112.8 101.9 
NSTAR Electric132.7 117.4 
PSNH75.2 54.6 

The following table reconciles cash as reported on the balance sheets to the cash and restricted cash balance as reported on the statements of cash flows:
 As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
(Millions of Dollars)EversourceCL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNHEversourceCL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNH
Cash as reported on the Balance Sheets$259.2 $29.0 $20.2 $14.1 $53.9 $10.2 $6.7 $0.2 
Restricted cash included in:
Special Deposits68.7 2.1 16.3 17.0 81.5 2.0 16.1 31.6 
Marketable Securities16.0    13.7    
Other Long-Term Assets16.5   3.2 17.3   3.2 
Cash and Restricted Cash as reported on the Statements of Cash Flows$360.4 $31.1 $36.5 $34.3 $166.4 $12.2 $22.8 $35.0 

Special Deposits represent cash collections related to the PSNH RRB customer charges that are held in trust, required ISO-NE cash deposits, cash held in escrow accounts, and CYAPC and YAEC cash balances. Special Deposits are included in Current Assets on the balance sheets. As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, restricted cash included in Marketable Securities represented money market funds held in restricted trusts to fund CYAPC and YAEC's spent nuclear fuel storage obligations.

Eversource’s restricted cash includes an Energy Relief Fund for energy efficiency and clean energy measures in the Merrimack Valley established under the terms of the EGMA 2020 settlement agreement. This restricted cash held in escrow accounts included $20.0 million recorded as short-term in Special Deposits as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and $13.3 million and $14.1 million recorded in Other Long-Term Assets on the balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

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2.    REGULATORY ACCOUNTING

Eversource's utility companies are subject to rate regulation that is based on cost recovery and meets the criteria for application of accounting guidance for rate-regulated operations, which considers the effect of regulation on the timing of the recognition of certain revenues and expenses. The regulated companies' financial statements reflect the effects of the rate-making process.  The rates charged to the customers of Eversource's regulated companies are designed to collect each company's costs to provide service, plus a return on investment.

The application of accounting guidance for rate-regulated enterprises results in recording regulatory assets and liabilities. Regulatory assets represent the deferral of incurred costs that are probable of future recovery in customer rates. Regulatory assets are amortized as the incurred costs are recovered through customer rates. Regulatory liabilities represent either revenues received from customers to fund expected costs that have not yet been incurred or probable future refunds to customers.

Management believes it is probable that each of the regulated companies will recover its respective investments in long-lived assets and the regulatory assets that have been recorded.  If management were to determine that it could no longer apply the accounting guidance applicable to rate-regulated enterprises, or if management could not conclude it is probable that costs would be recovered from customers in future rates, the applicable costs would be charged to net income in the period in which the determination is made.

Regulatory Assets:  The components of regulatory assets were as follows:
 As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
(Millions of Dollars)EversourceCL&PNSTAR
Electric
PSNHEversourceCL&PNSTAR
Electric
PSNH
Storm Costs, Net$1,942.7 $957.6 $657.3 $327.8 $1,785.9 $896.6 $609.1 $280.2 
Regulatory Tracking Mechanisms1,541.2 593.5 522.3 184.9 1,319.2 354.5 482.9 182.2 
Benefit Costs1,098.1 194.5 330.2 78.0 1,117.3 197.4 336.7 79.3 
Income Taxes, Net925.7 517.5 133.6 15.5 912.4 512.6 128.6 16.4 
Securitized Stranded Costs381.7   381.7 392.5   392.5 
Goodwill-related259.9  223.1  264.1  226.7  
Asset Retirement Obligations141.0 39.1 73.8 4.9 137.9 38.5 72.3 4.7 
Derivative Liabilities103.7 103.7   120.9 120.9   
Other Regulatory Assets334.8 21.8 100.6 6.8 339.0 22.7 101.6 8.0 
Total Regulatory Assets6,728.8 2,427.7 2,040.9 999.6 6,389.2 2,143.2 1,957.9 963.3 
Less:  Current Portion1,889.5 717.6 718.7 188.1 1,674.2 480.4 676.1 189.5 
Total Long-Term Regulatory Assets$4,839.3 $1,710.1 $1,322.2 $811.5 $4,715.0 $1,662.8 $1,281.8 $773.8 

Regulatory Costs in Other Long-Term Assets:  Eversource's regulated companies had $243.9 million (including $169.2 million for CL&P, $21.7 million for NSTAR Electric and $1.3 million for PSNH) and $241.7 million (including $166.7 million for CL&P, $21.9 million for NSTAR Electric and $1.2 million for PSNH) of additional regulatory costs not yet specifically approved as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, that were included in Other Long-Term Assets on the balance sheets.  These amounts will be reclassified to Regulatory Assets upon approval by the applicable regulatory agency. Based on regulatory policies or past precedent on similar costs, management believes it is probable that these costs will ultimately be approved and recovered from customers in rates. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, these regulatory costs included $75.9 million (including $60.7 million for CL&P and $6.5 million for NSTAR Electric) and $82.1 million (including $64.0 million for CL&P and $7.3 million for NSTAR Electric), respectively, of deferred uncollectible hardship costs.

Regulatory Liabilities:  The components of regulatory liabilities were as follows:
 As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
(Millions of Dollars)EversourceCL&PNSTAR
Electric
PSNHEversourceCL&PNSTAR
Electric
PSNH
EDIT due to Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017$2,537.0 $966.1 $899.5 $337.5 $2,548.6 $969.2 $905.1 $339.3 
Regulatory Tracking Mechanisms711.7 167.5 384.2 80.2 668.3 154.0 347.2 114.4 
Cost of Removal687.6 168.2 431.0 14.8 666.6 157.9 420.9 16.2 
Deferred Portion of Non-Service Income
   Components of Pension, SERP and PBOP
373.2 53.1 184.9 38.2 354.0 49.9 175.9 36.6 
AFUDC - Transmission135.5 58.5 77.0  124.3 56.1 68.2  
Benefit Costs44.8 0.5 18.0  51.0 0.6 22.2  
Other Regulatory Liabilities203.1 37.3 13.7 4.8 201.9 30.4 13.9 4.6 
Total Regulatory Liabilities4,692.9 1,451.2 2,008.3 475.5 4,614.7 1,418.1 1,953.4 511.1 
Less:  Current Portion641.5 117.3 405.2 86.1 591.8 102.2 368.1 117.5 
Total Long-Term Regulatory Liabilities$4,051.4 $1,333.9 $1,603.1 $389.4 $4,022.9 $1,315.9 $1,585.3 $393.6 



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3.    PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION

The following tables summarize property, plant and equipment by asset category:
EversourceAs of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
(Millions of Dollars)
Distribution - Electric$19,929.5 $19,656.5 
Distribution - Natural Gas8,234.7 8,155.3 
Transmission - Electric15,182.6 14,666.8 
Distribution - Water2,294.9 2,280.1 
Solar 201.1 201.1 
Utility45,842.8 44,959.8 
Other (1)
2,069.3 2,006.8 
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross47,912.1 46,966.6 
Less:  Accumulated Depreciation  
Utility   (9,835.7)(9,670.1)
Other(916.2)(869.6)
Total Accumulated Depreciation(10,751.9)(10,539.7)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net37,160.2 36,426.9 
Construction Work in Progress3,129.2 3,071.7 
Total Property, Plant and Equipment, Net$40,289.4 $39,498.6 
 As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
(Millions of Dollars)CL&PNSTAR
Electric
PSNHCL&PNSTAR
Electric
PSNH
Distribution - Electric$8,003.9 $9,138.5 $2,827.4 $7,897.1 $9,000.5 $2,799.2 
Transmission - Electric6,609.2 6,014.5 2,560.5 6,548.2 5,630.8 2,489.5 
Solar 201.1   201.1  
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross
14,613.1 15,354.1 5,387.9 14,445.3 14,832.4 5,288.7 
Less:  Accumulated Depreciation
(2,707.9)(3,648.7)(1,004.7)(2,670.5)(3,585.9)(984.0)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
11,905.2 11,705.4 4,383.2 11,774.8 11,246.5 4,304.7 
Construction Work in Progress
627.3 1,334.9 324.4 565.4 1,507.3 270.0 
Total Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
$12,532.5 $13,040.3 $4,707.6 $12,340.2 $12,753.8 $4,574.7 

(1)    These assets are primarily comprised of computer software, hardware and equipment at Eversource Service and buildings at The Rocky River Realty Company.

4.    DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The electric and natural gas companies purchase and procure energy and energy-related products, which are subject to price volatility, for their customers.  The costs associated with supplying energy to customers are recoverable from customers in future rates.  These regulated companies manage the risks associated with the price volatility of energy and energy-related products through the use of derivative and non-derivative contracts.  Many of the derivative contracts meet the definition of, and are designated as, normal and qualify for accrual accounting under the applicable accounting guidance.  The costs and benefits of derivative contracts that meet the definition of normal are recognized in Operating Expenses on the statements of income as electricity or natural gas is delivered.

Derivative contracts that are not designated as normal are recorded at fair value as derivative assets or liabilities on the balance sheets.  For the electric and natural gas companies, regulatory assets or regulatory liabilities are recorded to offset the fair values of derivatives, as contract settlement amounts are recovered from, or refunded to, customers in their respective energy supply rates.  

The gross fair values of derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty are offset and reported as net Derivative Assets or Derivative Liabilities, with current and long-term portions, on the balance sheets.  The following table presents the gross fair values of contracts, categorized by risk type, and the net amounts recorded as current or long-term derivative assets or liabilities:
 As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
CL&P
(Millions of Dollars)
Fair Value HierarchyCommodity Supply and Price Risk
Management
Netting (1)
Net Amount
Recorded as a Derivative
Commodity Supply and Price Risk
Management
Netting (1)
Net Amount
Recorded as
a Derivative
Current Derivative AssetsLevel 2$15.8 $(0.4)$15.4 $16.4 $(0.5)$15.9 
Long-Term Derivative AssetsLevel 29.9 (0.4)9.5 13.6 (0.5)13.1 
Current Derivative LiabilitiesLevel 2(79.2) (79.2)(81.9) (81.9)
Long-Term Derivative LiabilitiesLevel 2(49.4) (49.4)(68.0) (68.0)
    

(1)    Amounts represent derivative assets and liabilities that Eversource elected to record net on the balance sheets.  These amounts are subject to master netting agreements or similar agreements for which the right of offset exists.
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Derivative Contracts at Fair Value with Offsetting Regulatory Amounts
Commodity Supply and Price Risk Management:  As required by regulation, CL&P, along with UI, has capacity-related contracts with generation facilities.  CL&P has a sharing agreement with UI, with 80 percent of the costs or benefits of each contract borne by or allocated to CL&P and 20 percent borne by or allocated to UI.  The combined capacities of these contracts as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were 682 MW. The capacity contracts extend through 2026 and obligate both CL&P and UI to make or receive payments on a monthly basis to or from the generation facilities based on the difference between a set capacity price and the capacity market price received in the ISO-NE capacity markets. 

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, there were losses of $1.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively, deferred as regulatory costs, which reflect the change in fair value associated with CL&P’s derivative contracts.

Fair Value Measurements of Derivative Instruments
The fair value of derivative contracts utilizes both observable and unobservable inputs.  The fair value is modeled using income techniques, such as discounted cash flow valuations adjusted for assumptions related to exit price.  Valuations of derivative contracts using a discounted cash flow methodology include assumptions regarding the timing and likelihood of scheduled capacity payments and also reflect non-performance risk, including credit, using the default probability approach based on the counterparty's credit rating for assets and the Company's credit rating for liabilities.  Significant observable inputs for valuations of these contracts include energy-related product prices in future years for which quoted prices in an active market exist. Valuations incorporate estimates of premiums or discounts that would be required by a market participant to arrive at an exit price, using historical market transactions adjusted for the terms of the contract.  Fair value measurements were prepared by individuals with expertise in valuation techniques, pricing of energy-related products, and accounting requirements. All derivative contracts were classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following table presents changes in the Level 3 category of derivative assets and derivative liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.  The derivative assets and liabilities are presented on a net basis.

CL&PFor the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(Millions of Dollars)
Derivatives, Net:
Fair Value as of Beginning of Period$(181.8)
Net Realized/Unrealized Losses Included in Regulatory Assets(1.9)
Settlements14.9 
Fair Value as of End of Period$(168.8)

5.    MARKETABLE SECURITIES

Eversource’s marketable securities include the CYAPC and YAEC legally restricted trusts that each hold equity and available-for-sale debt securities to fund the spent nuclear fuel removal obligations of their nuclear fuel storage facilities. Eversource also holds trusts that are not subject to regulatory oversight by state or federal agencies that are primarily used to fund certain non-qualified executive benefits. The marketable securities within the non-qualified executive benefit trusts were sold in 2023. Equity and available-for-sale debt marketable securities are recorded at fair value, with the current portion recorded in Prepayments and Other Current Assets and the long-term portion recorded in Marketable Securities on the balance sheets.

Equity Securities: Eversource's equity securities include CYAPC's and YAEC's marketable securities held in spent nuclear fuel trusts, which had fair values of $172.3 million and $173.6 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.  Unrealized gains and losses for these spent nuclear fuel trusts are subject to regulatory accounting treatment and are recorded in long-term Marketable Securities with the corresponding offset to long-term liabilities on the balance sheets, with no impact on the statements of income.

Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities held in Eversource's trusts are recorded in Other Income, Net on the statements of income. The equity securities within Eversource’s non-qualified executive benefits trusts were sold during 2023. The fair value of equity securities held in Eversource’s trusts as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $3.7 million and $3.3 million, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, there were unrealized gains of $0.4 million and $0.8 million recorded in Other Income, Net related to these equity securities.

Available-for-Sale Debt Securities: The following is a summary of the available-for-sale debt securities:
As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
Eversource
(Millions of Dollars)
Amortized CostPre-Tax
Unrealized Gains
Pre-Tax
Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueAmortized CostPre-Tax
Unrealized Gains
Pre-Tax
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
Debt Securities$170.5 $0.2 $(8.7)$162.0 $169.5 $1.4 $(6.6)$164.3 

Eversource's debt securities include CYAPC's and YAEC's marketable securities held in spent nuclear fuel trusts in the amounts of $162.0 million and $164.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Unrealized gains and losses for available-for-sale debt securities included in the CYAPC and YAEC spent nuclear fuel trusts are subject to regulatory accounting treatment and are recorded in Marketable Securities with the corresponding offset to long-term liabilities on the balance sheets, with no impact on the statements of income. CYAPC and YAEC’s spent nuclear fuel trusts are restricted and are classified in long-term Marketable Securities on the balance sheets.
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The debt securities within Eversource’s non-qualified executive benefits trusts were sold during 2023. Any unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities held in Eversource's trusts are recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, excluding amounts related to credit losses or losses on securities intended to be sold, which are recorded in Other Income, Net. There were no credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and no allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2024. Factors considered in determining whether a credit loss exists include adverse conditions specifically affecting the issuer, the payment history, ratings and rating changes of the security, and the severity of the impairment.  For asset-backed debt securities, underlying collateral and expected future cash flows are also evaluated.

As of March 31, 2024, the contractual maturities of available-for-sale debt securities were as follows:
 
Eversource
(Millions of Dollars)
Amortized CostFair Value
Less than one year
$19.4 $19.4 
One to five years31.5 31.0 
Six to ten years37.7 36.4 
Greater than ten years81.9 75.2 
Total Debt Securities$170.5 $162.0 

Realized Gains and Losses:  Realized gains and losses are recorded in Other Income, Net for Eversource's benefit trusts and are offset in long-term liabilities for CYAPC and YAEC.  Eversource utilizes the specific identification basis method for the Eversource non-qualified benefit trusts, and the average cost basis method for the CYAPC and YAEC spent nuclear fuel trusts to compute the realized gains and losses on the sale of marketable securities.

Fair Value Measurements:  The following table presents the marketable securities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis by the level in which they are classified within the fair value hierarchy:
Eversource
(Millions of Dollars)
As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
Level 1:    
Mutual Funds and Equities$176.0 $176.9 
Money Market Funds16.0 13.7 
Total Level 1$192.0 $190.6 
Level 2:  
U.S. Government Issued Debt Securities (Agency and Treasury)$89.2 $90.1 
Corporate Debt Securities34.2 34.0 
Asset-Backed Debt Securities5.4 5.6 
Municipal Bonds7.3 9.8 
Other Fixed Income Securities9.9 11.1 
Total Level 2$146.0 $150.6 
Total Marketable Securities$338.0 $341.2 

U.S. government issued debt securities are valued using market approaches that incorporate transactions for the same or similar bonds and adjustments for yields and maturity dates.  Corporate debt securities are valued using a market approach, utilizing recent trades of the same or similar instruments and also incorporating yield curves, credit spreads and specific bond terms and conditions.  Asset-backed debt securities include collateralized mortgage obligations, commercial mortgage backed securities, and securities collateralized by auto loans, credit card loans or receivables.  Asset-backed debt securities are valued using recent trades of similar instruments, prepayment assumptions, yield curves, issuance and maturity dates, and tranche information.  Municipal bonds are valued using a market approach that incorporates reported trades and benchmark yields.  Other fixed income securities are valued using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, and discounted cash flows.

6.    SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT

Short-Term Debt - Commercial Paper Programs and Credit Agreements: Eversource parent has a $2.00 billion commercial paper program allowing Eversource parent to issue commercial paper as a form of short-term debt. Eversource parent, CL&P, PSNH, NSTAR Gas, Yankee Gas, EGMA and Aquarion Water Company of Connecticut are parties to a five-year $2.00 billion revolving credit facility, which terminates on October 13, 2028. This revolving credit facility serves to backstop Eversource parent's $2.00 billion commercial paper program.  

NSTAR Electric has a $650 million commercial paper program allowing NSTAR Electric to issue commercial paper as a form of short-term debt. NSTAR Electric is also a party to a five-year $650 million revolving credit facility, which terminates on October 13, 2028, that serves to backstop NSTAR Electric's $650 million commercial paper program.  

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The amount of borrowings outstanding and available under the commercial paper programs were as follows:
Borrowings Outstanding as ofAvailable Borrowing Capacity as ofWeighted-Average Interest Rate as of
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023March 31, 2024December 31, 2023March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(Millions of Dollars)
Eversource Parent Commercial Paper Program $1,934.9 $1,771.9 $65.1 $228.1 5.66 %5.60 %
NSTAR Electric Commercial Paper Program 419.0 365.8 231.0 284.2 5.38 %5.40 %

There were no borrowings outstanding on the revolving credit facilities as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

CL&P and PSNH have uncommitted line of credit agreements totaling $375 million and $250 million, respectively, which will expire in 2024. There are no borrowings outstanding on either the CL&P or PSNH uncommitted line of credit agreements as of March 31, 2024.

Amounts outstanding under the commercial paper programs are included in Notes Payable and classified in current liabilities on the Eversource and NSTAR Electric balance sheets, as all borrowings are outstanding for no more than 364 days at one time. As a result of the CL&P long-term debt issuance in January 2024, $207.3 million of commercial paper borrowings under the Eversource parent commercial paper program were reclassified to Long-Term Debt on Eversource parent’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. As a result of the PSNH long-term debt issuance in April 2024, $251.0 million of commercial paper borrowings under the Eversource parent commercial paper program were reclassified to Long-Term Debt on Eversource parent’s balance sheet as of March 31, 2024.

Intercompany Borrowings: Eversource parent uses its available capital resources to provide loans to its subsidiaries to assist in meeting their short-term borrowing needs. Eversource parent records intercompany interest income from its loans to subsidiaries, which is eliminated in consolidation. Intercompany loans from Eversource parent to its subsidiaries are eliminated in consolidation on Eversource's balance sheets. As of March 31, 2024, there were intercompany loans from Eversource parent to CL&P of $426.1 million and to PSNH of $251.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, there were intercompany loans from Eversource parent to CL&P of $457.0 million and to PSNH of $233.0 million. Eversource parent charges interest on these intercompany loans at the same weighted-average interest rate as its commercial paper program. Intercompany loans from Eversource parent are included in Notes Payable to Eversource Parent and classified in current liabilities on the respective subsidiary's balance sheets, as these intercompany borrowings are outstanding for no more than 364 days at one time. As a result of the CL&P long-term debt issuance in January 2024, $207.3 million of CL&P’s intercompany borrowings were reclassified to Long-Term Debt on CL&P’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. As a result of the PSNH long-term debt issuance in April 2024, $251.0 million of PSNH’s intercompany borrowings were reclassified to Long-Term Debt on PSNH’s balance sheet as of March 31, 2024.

Sources and Uses of Cash: The Company expects the future operating cash flows of Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH, along with existing borrowing availability and access to both debt and equity markets, will be sufficient to meet any working capital and future operating requirements, and capital investment forecasted opportunities.

Long-Term Debt Issuance Authorizations: On February 8, 2024, the NHPUC approved PSNH’s request for authorization to issue up to $300 million in long-term debt through December 31, 2024. On May 1, 2024, the DPU approved NSTAR Electric’s request for authorization to issue up to $2.4 billion in long-term debt through December 31, 2026.

Long-Term Debt Issuances and Repayments: The following table summarizes long-term debt issuances and repayments:

(Millions of Dollars)Interest RateIssuance/(Repayment)Issue Date or Repayment DateMaturity DateUse of Proceeds for Issuance/
Repayment Information
CL&P 2024 Series A First Mortgage Bonds4.65 %$350.0 January 2024January 2029Repaid short-term debt, paid capital expenditures and working capital
PSNH Series X First Mortgage Bonds5.35 %300.0 April 2024October 2033Repaid short-term debt, paid capital expenditures and working capital
Eversource Parent Series DD Senior Notes5.00 %350.0 January 2024January 2027Repaid short-term debt
Eversource Parent Series EE Senior Notes5.50 %650.0 January 2024January 2034Repaid short-term debt
Eversource Parent Series FF Senior Notes5.85 %700.0 April 2024April 2031Repay Series X Senior Notes and Aquarion’s 2014 Senior Notes at maturity and short-term debt
Eversource Parent Series GG Senior Notes5.95 %700.0 April 2024July 2034Repay Series X Senior Notes and Aquarion’s 2014 Senior Notes at maturity and short-term debt

As a result of the Eversource parent long-term debt issuances in April 2024, $1.39 billion of current portion of long-term debt was reclassified to Long-Term Debt on Eversource parent’s balance sheet as of March 31, 2024.

In March 2024, NSTAR Gas closed on two First Mortgage Bonds, Series W and Series X for $160.0 million and $40.0 million, respectively, and these bonds will be issued in June 2024.

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7.    RATE REDUCTION BONDS AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

Rate Reduction Bonds: In May 2018, PSNH Funding, a wholly-owned subsidiary of PSNH, issued $635.7 million of securitized RRBs in multiple tranches with a weighted average interest rate of 3.66 percent, and final maturity dates ranging from 2026 to 2035.  The RRBs are expected to be repaid by February 1, 2033. RRB payments consist of principal and interest and are paid semi-annually, beginning on February 1, 2019. The RRBs were issued pursuant to a finance order issued by the NHPUC in January 2018 to recover remaining costs resulting from the divestiture of PSNH’s generation assets.

PSNH Funding was formed solely to issue RRBs to finance PSNH's unrecovered remaining costs associated with the divestiture of its generation assets. PSNH Funding is considered a VIE primarily because the equity capitalization is insufficient to support its operations. PSNH has the power to direct the significant activities of the VIE and is most closely associated with the VIE as compared to other interest holders. Therefore, PSNH is considered the primary beneficiary and consolidates PSNH Funding in its consolidated financial statements.

The following tables summarize the impact of PSNH Funding on PSNH's balance sheets and income statements:
(Millions of Dollars)
PSNH Balance Sheets:As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
Restricted Cash - Current Portion (included in Special Deposits)$15.5 $30.0 
Restricted Cash - Long-Term Portion (included in Other Long-Term Assets)3.2 3.2 
Securitized Stranded Cost (included in Regulatory Assets)381.7 392.5 
Other Regulatory Liabilities (included in Regulatory Liabilities)5.7 5.3 
Accrued Interest (included in Other Current Liabilities)2.4 6.3 
Rate Reduction Bonds - Current Portion43.2 43.2 
Rate Reduction Bonds - Long-Term Portion345.7 367.3 

(Millions of Dollars)
PSNH Income Statements:
For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2024March 31, 2023
Amortization of RRB Principal (included in Amortization of Regulatory Assets/(Liabilities), Net)$10.8 $10.8 
Interest Expense on RRB Principal (included in Interest Expense)3.7 4.1 

8.    PENSION BENEFITS AND POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS OTHER THAN PENSION

Eversource provides defined benefit retirement plans (Pension Plans) that cover eligible employees.  In addition to the Pension Plans, Eversource maintains non-qualified defined benefit retirement plans (SERP Plans), which provide benefits in excess of Internal Revenue Code limitations to eligible participants consisting of current and retired employees. Eversource also provides defined benefit postretirement plans (PBOP Plans) that provide life insurance and a health reimbursement arrangement created for the purpose of reimbursing retirees and dependents for health insurance premiums and certain medical expenses to eligible employees that meet certain age and service eligibility requirements.

The components of net periodic benefit plan expense/(income) for the Pension, SERP and PBOP Plans, prior to amounts capitalized as Property, Plant and Equipment or deferred as regulatory assets/(liabilities) for future recovery or refund, are shown below.  The service cost component of net periodic benefit plan expense/(income), less the capitalized portion, is included in Operations and Maintenance expense on the statements of income. The remaining components of net periodic benefit plan expense/(income), less the deferred portion, are included in Other Income, Net on the statements of income. Pension, SERP and PBOP expense reflected in the statements of cash flows for CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH does not include intercompany allocations of net periodic benefit plan expense/(income), as these amounts are cash settled on a short-term basis.

Pension and SERPPBOP
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(Millions of Dollars)EversourceCL&PNSTAR
Electric
PSNHEversourceCL&PNSTAR
Electric
PSNH
Service Cost$10.8 $2.9 $2.1 $1.0 $1.7 $0.3 $0.3 $0.1 
Interest Cost62.0 12.4 13.1 6.7 8.0 1.4 2.2 0.9 
Expected Return on Plan Assets(115.6)(23.3)(28.3)(12.2)(20.4)(2.4)(9.9)(1.4)
Actuarial Loss/(Gain)19.8 2.5 6.4 1.1 (0.1)   
Prior Service Cost/(Credit)0.3  0.1  (5.4)0.3 (4.2)0.1 
Settlement Loss4.3        
Total Net Periodic Benefit Plan Income$(18.4)$(5.5)$(6.6)$(3.4)$(16.2)$(0.4)$(11.6)$(0.3)
Intercompany Expense/(Income) AllocationsN/A$0.3 $0.4 $0.1 N/A$(0.6)$(0.7)$(0.2)
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Pension and SERPPBOP
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(Millions of Dollars)EversourceCL&PNSTAR
Electric
PSNHEversourceCL&PNSTAR
Electric
PSNH
Service Cost$11.0 $3.0 $2.1 $1.1 $1.8 $0.3 $0.3 $0.2 
Interest Cost63.7 12.6 13.5 6.8 8.5 1.6 2.3 0.9 
Expected Return on Plan Assets(115.9)(23.4)(28.4)(12.3)(19.1)(2.4)(9.2)(1.4)
Actuarial Loss12.5 0.8 4.9 0.4     
Prior Service Cost/(Credit)0.3  0.1  (5.4)0.3 (4.2)0.1 
Total Net Periodic Benefit Plan Income$(28.4)$(7.0)$(7.8)$(4.0)$(14.2)$(0.2)$(10.8)$(0.2)
Intercompany Income AllocationsN/A$(2.0)$(1.7)$(0.5)N/A$(0.5)$(0.6)$(0.2)


9.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

A.    Environmental Matters
Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH are subject to environmental laws and regulations intended to mitigate or remove the effect of past operations and improve or maintain the quality of the environment. These laws and regulations require the removal or the remedy of the effect on the environment of the disposal or release of certain specified hazardous substances at current and former operating sites. Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH have an active environmental auditing and training program and each believes it is substantially in compliance with all enacted laws and regulations.

The number of environmental sites and related reserves for which remediation or long-term monitoring, preliminary site work or site assessment is being performed are as follows:
 As of March 31, 2024As of December 31, 2023
Number of SitesReserve
(in millions)
Number of SitesReserve
(in millions)
Eversource66 $128.0 65 $128.2 
CL&P16 13.8 16 13.8 
NSTAR Electric13 5.9 12 5.4 
PSNH8 7.7 8 7.6 

Included in the number of sites and reserve amounts above are former MGP sites that were operated several decades ago and manufactured natural gas from coal and other processes, which resulted in certain by-products remaining in the environment that may pose a potential risk to human health and the environment, for which Eversource may have potential liability.  Eversource’s reserve balances related to these former MGP sites were $116.1 million and $117.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and related primarily to the natural gas business segment.

These reserve estimates are subjective in nature as they take into consideration several different remediation options at each specific site.  The reliability and precision of these estimates can be affected by several factors, including new information concerning either the level of contamination at the site, the extent of Eversource's, CL&P's, NSTAR Electric's and PSNH's responsibility for remediation or the extent of remediation required, recently enacted laws and regulations or changes in cost estimates due to certain economic factors.  It is possible that new information or future developments could require a reassessment of the potential exposure to required environmental remediation.  As this information becomes available, management will continue to assess the potential exposure and adjust the reserves accordingly.

B.    Long-Term Contractual Arrangements
PSNH’s estimated future annual costs of long-term renewable energy purchase contracts related to the purchase of capacity, energy and RECs from a New Hampshire generation plant and totaled $503.2 million as of December 31, 2023. The NHPUC approved the termination of the PPA related to this generation plant effective February 29, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, there are no remaining long-term renewable energy purchase contracts at PSNH.

C.    Guarantees and Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, Eversource parent provides credit assurances on behalf of its subsidiaries, including CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH, in the form of guarantees. Management does not anticipate a material impact to net income or cash flows as a result of these various guarantees and indemnifications. 

Guarantees issued on behalf of unconsolidated entities, including equity method offshore wind investments, for which Eversource parent is the guarantor, are recorded at fair value as a liability on the balance sheet at the inception of the guarantee. The fair value of guarantees issued on behalf of unconsolidated entities are recorded within Other Long-Term Liabilities on the balance sheet, and were $2.6 million and $4.4 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Eversource regularly reviews performance risk under these guarantee arrangements, and believes the likelihood of payments being required under the guarantees is remote. In the event it becomes probable that Eversource parent will be required to perform under the guarantee, the amount of probable payment will be recorded.

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The following table summarizes Eversource parent's exposure to guarantees and indemnifications of its subsidiaries and affiliates to external parties, and primarily relates to its offshore wind business:  
As of March 31, 2024
Company (Obligor)DescriptionMaximum Exposure
(in millions)
North East Offshore, LLC, Sunrise Wind LLC, Revolution Wind, LLC and South Fork Wind, LLC
Offshore wind construction-related purchase agreements with third-party contractors (1)
$1,824.3 
Eversource Investment LLC and South Fork Class B Member, LLC
Funding and indemnification obligations of South Fork Wind and North East Offshore, LLC (2)
458.5 
Sunrise Wind LLC
OREC capacity production (3)
15.4 
South Fork Wind, LLC
Power Purchase Agreement Security (4)
7.1 
Eversource Investment LLC
Letters of Credit (5)
23.2 
Eversource TEI LLC
South Fork Wind Tax Equity (6)
50.0 
Various Eversource subsidiaries
Surety bonds (7)
38.8 
Sunrise Wind LLC
Surety bonds (8)
48.2 

(1)    Eversource parent issued guarantees on behalf of its 50 percent-owned affiliates, North East Offshore, LLC (NEO), Sunrise Wind LLC, Revolution Wind, LLC and South Fork Wind, LLC, under which Eversource parent agreed to guarantee each entity’s performance of obligations under certain construction-related purchase agreements with third-party contractors, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $3.02 billion. Eversource parent’s obligations under the guarantees expire upon the earlier of (i) dates ranging between May 2024 and October 2028 and (ii) full performance of the guaranteed obligations. Eversource parent also issued a separate guarantee to Ørsted on behalf of NEO, under which Eversource parent agreed to guarantee 50 percent of NEO’s payment obligations under certain offshore wind project construction-related agreements with Ørsted in an aggregate amount not to exceed $62.5 million and expiring upon full performance of the guaranteed obligation.

(2)     Eversource parent issued guarantees on behalf of its wholly-owned subsidiary Eversource Investment LLC (EI), which holds Eversource's investments in offshore wind-related equity method investments, and on behalf of its 50 percent-owned affiliate, South Fork Class B Member, LLC, whereby Eversource parent will guarantee each entity’s performance of certain capital expenditure funding obligations during the construction phases of the South Fork Wind project and NEO’s underlying offshore wind projects. Eversource parent also guaranteed certain indemnification obligations of EI associated with third party credit support for EI’s investment in NEO. These guarantees will not exceed $1.52 billion and expire upon the full performance of the guaranteed obligations.

(3)    Eversource parent issued a guarantee on behalf of its 50 percent-owned affiliate, Sunrise Wind LLC, whereby Eversource parent will guarantee Sunrise Wind LLC's performance of certain obligations, in an amount not to exceed $15.4 million, under the Offshore Wind Renewable Energy Certificate Purchase and Sale Agreement (the Agreement). The Agreement was executed by and between the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) and Sunrise Wind LLC. The guarantee expires upon the full performance of the guaranteed obligations.

(4)    Eversource parent issued a guarantee on behalf of its 50 percent-owned affiliate, South Fork Wind, LLC, whereby Eversource parent will guarantee South Fork Wind, LLC's performance of certain obligations, in an amount not to exceed $7.1 million, under a Power Purchase Agreement between the Long Island Power Authority and South Fork Wind, LLC (the Agreement). The guarantee expires upon the later of (i) the end of the Agreement term and (ii) full performance of the guaranteed obligations.

(5)    Eversource parent entered into a guarantee on behalf of EI, under which Eversource parent would guarantee EI's obligations under a letter of credit facility with a financial institution that EI may request in an aggregate amount of up to approximately $25 million. As of March 31, 2024, EI has issued letters of credit on behalf of South Fork Wind, LLC, Sunrise Wind LLC and Revolution Wind, LLC totaling $23.2 million. The guarantee will remain in effect until full performance of the guaranteed obligations.

(6)    Eversource parent issued a guarantee on behalf of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Eversource TEI LLC, whereby Eversource parent will guarantee Eversource TEI LLC’s performance of certain obligations, in an amount not to exceed $50.0 million, in connection with any remaining obligations under the LLC agreement. Eversource parent’s obligations expire upon the full performance of the guaranteed obligations.

(7)    Surety bonds expire in 2024 and 2025. Expiration dates reflect termination dates, the majority of which will be renewed or extended.  Certain surety bonds contain credit ratings triggers that would require Eversource parent to post collateral in the event that the unsecured debt credit ratings of Eversource parent are downgraded.

(8)    Sunrise Wind LLC issued surety bonds related to future remediation obligations of certain onshore transmission assets totaling $48.2 million. One surety bond expires in March 2025 and the other surety bonds will remain outstanding until full performance of the related obligations.

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D.     Spent Nuclear Fuel Obligations - Yankee Companies
CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH have plant closure and fuel storage cost obligations to the Yankee Companies, which have each completed the physical decommissioning of their respective nuclear power facilities and are now engaged in the long-term storage of their spent fuel. The Yankee Companies fund these costs through litigation proceeds received from the DOE and, to the extent necessary, through wholesale, FERC-approved rates charged under power purchase agreements with several New England utilities, including CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH. CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH, in turn recover these costs from their customers through state regulatory commission-approved retail rates. The Yankee Companies collect amounts that management believes are adequate to recover the remaining plant closure and fuel storage cost estimates for the respective plants. Management believes CL&P and NSTAR Electric will recover their shares of these obligations from their customers. PSNH has recovered its total share of these costs from its customers.

Spent Nuclear Fuel Litigation:
The Yankee Companies have filed complaints against the DOE in the Court of Federal Claims seeking monetary damages resulting from the DOE's failure to accept delivery of, and provide for a permanent facility to store, spent nuclear fuel pursuant to the terms of the 1983 spent fuel and high-level waste disposal contracts between the Yankee Companies and the DOE. The court previously awarded the Yankee Companies damages for Phases I, II, III and IV of litigation resulting from the DOE's failure to meet its contractual obligations. These Phases covered damages incurred in the years 1998 through 2016, and the awarded damages have been received by the Yankee Companies with certain amounts of the damages refunded to their customers.

DOE Phase V Damages - On March 25, 2021, each of the Yankee Companies filed a fifth set of lawsuits against the DOE in the Court of Federal Claims resulting from the DOE's failure to begin accepting spent nuclear fuel for disposal covering the years from 2017 to 2020. The Yankee Companies filed claims seeking monetary damages totaling $120.4 million for CYAPC, YAEC and MYAPC. Pursuant to a June 2, 2022 court order, the Yankee Companies were subsequently permitted to include monetary damages relating to the year 2021 in the DOE Phase V complaint. The Yankee Companies submitted a supplemental filing to include these costs of $33.1 million on June 8, 2022. On March 13, 2024, the court issued an order establishing a schedule to resolve pending discovery issues by June 10, 2024, after which the court will set dates for further proceedings in the DOE Phase V trial.

E.    FERC ROE Complaints
Four separate complaints were filed at the FERC by combinations of New England state attorneys general, state regulatory commissions, consumer advocates, consumer groups, municipal parties and other parties (collectively, the Complainants). In each of the first three complaints, filed on October 1, 2011, December 27, 2012, and July 31, 2014, respectively, the Complainants challenged the NETOs' base ROE of 11.14 percent that had been utilized since 2005 and sought an order to reduce it prospectively from the date of the final FERC order and for the separate 15-month complaint periods. In the fourth complaint, filed April 29, 2016, the Complainants challenged the NETOs' base ROE billed of 10.57 percent and the maximum ROE for transmission incentive (incentive cap) of 11.74 percent, asserting that these ROEs were unjust and unreasonable.

The ROE originally billed during the period October 1, 2011 (beginning of the first complaint period) through October 15, 2014 consisted of a base ROE of 11.14 percent and incentives up to 13.1 percent. On October 16, 2014, FERC issued Opinion No. 531-A and set the base ROE at 10.57 percent and the incentive cap at 11.74 percent for the first complaint period. This was also effective for all prospective billings to customers beginning October 16, 2014. This FERC order was vacated on April 14, 2017 by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (the Court).

All amounts associated with the first complaint period have been refunded, which totaled $38.9 million (pre-tax and excluding interest) at Eversource and reflected both the base ROE and incentive cap prescribed by the FERC order. The refund consisted of $22.4 million for CL&P, $13.7 million for NSTAR Electric and $2.8 million for PSNH.

Eversource has recorded a reserve of $39.1 million (pre-tax and excluding interest) for the second complaint period as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. This reserve represents the difference between the billed rates during the second complaint period and a 10.57 percent base ROE and 11.74 percent incentive cap. The reserve consisted of $21.4 million for CL&P, $14.6 million for NSTAR Electric and $3.1 million for PSNH as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

On October 16, 2018, FERC issued an order on all four complaints describing how it intends to address the issues that were remanded by the Court. FERC proposed a new framework to determine (1) whether an existing ROE is unjust and unreasonable and, if so, (2) how to calculate a replacement ROE. Initial briefs were filed by the NETOs, Complainants and FERC Trial Staff on January 11, 2019 and reply briefs were filed on March 8, 2019. The NETOs' brief was supportive of the overall ROE methodology determined in the October 16, 2018 order provided the FERC does not change the proposed methodology or alter its implementation in a manner that has a material impact on the results.

The FERC order included illustrative calculations for the first complaint using FERC's proposed frameworks with financial data from that complaint. Those illustrative calculations indicated that for the first complaint period, for the NETOs, which FERC concludes are of average financial risk, the preliminary just and reasonable base ROE is 10.41 percent and the preliminary incentive cap on total ROE is 13.08 percent.

If the results of the illustrative calculations were included in a final FERC order for each of the complaint periods, then a 10.41 percent base ROE and a 13.08 percent incentive cap would not have a significant impact on our financial statements for all of the complaint periods. These preliminary calculations are not binding and do not represent what we believe to be the most likely outcome of a final FERC order.

On November 21, 2019, FERC issued Opinion No. 569 affecting the two pending transmission ROE complaints against the Midcontinent ISO (MISO) transmission owners, in which FERC adopted a new methodology for determining base ROEs. Various parties sought rehearing. On December 23, 2019, the NETOs filed supplementary materials in the NETOs' four pending cases to respond to this new methodology because of the uncertainty of the applicability to the NETOs' cases. On May 21, 2020, the FERC issued its order in Opinion No. 569-A on the rehearing of
30


the MISO transmission owners' cases, in which FERC again changed its methodology for determining the MISO transmission owners' base ROEs. On November 19, 2020, the FERC issued Opinion No. 569-B denying rehearing of Opinion No. 569-A and reaffirmed the methodology previously adopted in Opinion No. 569-A. The new methodology differs significantly from the methodology proposed by FERC in its October 16, 2018 order to determine the NETOs' base ROEs in its four pending cases. FERC Opinion Nos. 569-A and 569-B were appealed to the Court. On August 9, 2022, the Court issued its decision vacating MISO ROE FERC Opinion Nos. 569, 569-A and 569-B and remanded to FERC to reopen the proceedings. The Court found that FERC’s development of the new return methodology was arbitrary and capricious due to FERC’s failure to offer a reasonable explanation for its decision to reintroduce the risk-premium financial model in its new methodology for calculating a just and reasonable return. At this time, Eversource cannot predict how and when FERC will address the Court’s findings on the remand of the MISO FERC opinions or any potential associated impact on the NETOs’ four pending ROE complaint cases.

Given the significant uncertainty regarding the applicability of the FERC opinions in the MISO transmission owners’ two complaint cases to the NETOs’ pending four complaint cases, Eversource concluded that there is no reasonable basis for a change to the reserve or recognized ROEs for any of the complaint periods at this time. As well, Eversource cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss for any of the four complaint proceedings at this time.

Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH currently record revenues at the 10.57 percent base ROE and incentive cap at 11.74 percent established in the October 16, 2014 FERC order.

A change of 10 basis points to the base ROE used to establish the reserves would impact Eversource’s after-tax earnings by an average of approximately $3 million for each of the four 15-month complaint periods.

10.    FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each of the following financial instruments:

Preferred Stock, Long-Term Debt and Rate Reduction Bonds:  The fair value of CL&P's and NSTAR Electric's preferred stock is based upon pricing models that incorporate interest rates and other market factors, valuations or trades of similar securities and cash flow projections.  The fair value of long-term debt and RRB debt securities is based upon pricing models that incorporate quoted market prices for those issues or similar issues adjusted for market conditions, credit ratings of the respective companies and treasury benchmark yields.  The fair values provided in the table below are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.  Carrying amounts and estimated fair values are as follows:

 EversourceCL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNH
(Millions of Dollars)Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
As of March 31, 2024:        
Preferred Stock Not Subject to Mandatory Redemption
$155.6 $123.0 $116.2 $90.7 $43.0 $32.3 $ $ 
Long-Term Debt25,795.2 23,895.8 4,953.9 4,615.2 4,498.0 4,186.0 1,682.7 1,508.4 
Rate Reduction Bonds388.9 369.3     388.9 369.3 
As of December 31, 2023:        
Preferred Stock Not Subject to Mandatory Redemption
$155.6 $122.2 $116.2 $90.4 $43.0 $31.8 $ $ 
Long-Term Debt24,413.5 22,855.2 4,814.4 4,572.0 4,496.9 4,273.7 1,431.6 1,292.6 
Rate Reduction Bonds410.5 395.0     410.5 395.0 

Derivative Instruments and Marketable Securities: Derivative instruments and investments in marketable securities are carried at fair value.  For further information, see Note 4, "Derivative Instruments," and Note 5, "Marketable Securities," to the financial statements.  

See Note 1C, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Fair Value Measurements," for the fair value measurement policy and the fair value hierarchy.

11.    ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) by component, net of tax, are as follows:
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Eversource
(Millions of Dollars)
Qualified
Cash Flow
Hedging
Instruments
Defined
Benefit Plans
TotalQualified
Cash Flow
Hedging
Instruments
Unrealized
Gains/(Losses) on Marketable
Securities
Defined
Benefit Plans
Total
Balance as of Beginning of Period$(0.4)$(33.3)$(33.7)$(0.4)$(1.2)$(37.8)$(39.4)
Amounts Reclassified from AOCI
 5.2 5.2  1.2 2.0 3.2 
Net OCI 5.2 5.2  1.2 2.0 3.2 
Balance as of End of Period$(0.4)$(28.1)$(28.5)$(0.4)$ $(35.8)$(36.2)

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Defined benefit plan OCI amounts reclassified from AOCI relate to the unamortized actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs on the defined benefit plans are amortized from AOCI into Other Income, Net over the average future employee service period.

12.    COMMON SHARES

The following table sets forth the Eversource parent common shares and the shares of common stock of CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH that were authorized and issued, as well as the respective per share par values:  
 Shares
 Authorized as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023Issued as of
 Par ValueMarch 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Eversource$5 410,000,000 361,276,965 359,984,073 
CL&P$10 24,500,000 6,035,205 6,035,205 
NSTAR Electric$1 100,000,000 200 200 
PSNH$1 100,000,000 301 301 

Common Share Issuances and Equity Distribution Agreement: On May 11, 2022, Eversource entered into an equity distribution agreement pursuant to which it may offer and sell up to $1.2 billion of its common shares from time to time through an “at-the-market” (ATM) equity offering program. Eversource may issue and sell its common shares through its sales agents during the term of this agreement. Shares may be offered in transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, in the over-the-counter market, through negotiated transactions or otherwise. Sales may be made at either market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. In the first quarter of 2024, Eversource issued 1,292,892 common shares, which resulted in proceeds of $75.4 million, net of issuance costs. Eversource used the net proceeds received for general corporate purposes. In 2023, no shares were issued under this agreement.

Treasury Shares: As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 9,897,551 and 10,443,807 Eversource common shares held as treasury shares, respectively. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 351,379,414 and 349,540,266 Eversource common shares outstanding, respectively.

Eversource issues treasury shares to satisfy awards under the Company's incentive plans, shares issued under the dividend reinvestment and share purchase plan, and matching contributions under the Eversource 401k Plan. The issuance of treasury shares represents a non-cash transaction, as the treasury shares were used to fulfill Eversource's obligations that require the issuance of common shares.

13.    COMMON SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

Dividends on the preferred stock of CL&P and NSTAR Electric totaled $1.9 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. These dividends were presented as Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests on the Eversource statements of income. Noncontrolling Interest – Preferred Stock of Subsidiaries on the Eversource balance sheets totaled $155.6 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. On the Eversource balance sheets, Common Shareholders' Equity was fully attributable to Eversource parent and Noncontrolling Interest – Preferred Stock of Subsidiaries was fully attributable to the noncontrolling interest.

14.    EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic EPS is computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period.  Diluted EPS is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the potential dilutive effect of certain share-based compensation awards as if they were converted into outstanding common shares.  The dilutive effect of unvested RSU and performance share awards is calculated using the treasury stock method.  RSU and performance share awards are included in basic weighted average common shares outstanding as of the date that all necessary vesting conditions have been satisfied. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no antidilutive share awards excluded from the computation of diluted EPS.

The following table sets forth the components of basic and diluted EPS:
Eversource
(Millions of Dollars, except share information)
For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2024March 31, 2023
Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders$521.8 $491.2 
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding:  
Basic350,717,114 349,217,147 
Dilutive Effect280,106 394,866 
Diluted350,997,220 349,612,013 
Basic and Diluted EPS$1.49 $1.41 

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15.    REVENUES

The following tables present operating revenues disaggregated by revenue source:
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Eversource
(Millions of Dollars)
Electric
Distribution
Natural Gas
Distribution
Electric
Transmission
Water DistributionOtherEliminationsTotal
Revenues from Contracts with Customers
Retail Tariff Sales
Residential $1,254.1 $507.6 $ $30.3 $ $ $1,792.0 
Commercial 707.5 247.1  16.2  (1.7)969.1 
Industrial87.7 59.8  1.0  (5.1)143.4 
Total Retail Tariff Sales Revenues2,049.3 814.5  47.5  (6.8)2,904.5 
Wholesale Transmission Revenues  474.1   (361.6)112.5 
Wholesale Market Sales Revenues165.3 58.2  0.9   224.4 
Other Revenues from Contracts with Customers28.4 1.1 3.9 (0.2)443.6 (441.4)35.4 
Total Revenues from Contracts with Customers2,243.0 873.8 478.0 48.2 443.6 (809.8)3,276.8 
Alternative Revenue Programs13.2 31.5 29.6 1.6  (26.8)49.1 
Other Revenues5.5 0.7 0.2 0.3   6.7 
Total Operating Revenues$2,261.7 $906.0 $507.8 $50.1 $443.6 $(836.6)$3,332.6 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Eversource
(Millions of Dollars)
Electric
Distribution
Natural Gas
Distribution
Electric
Transmission
Water DistributionOtherEliminationsTotal
Revenues from Contracts with Customers
Retail Tariff Sales
Residential $1,464.0 $576.6 $ $28.9 $ $ $2,069.5 
Commercial 788.4 320.0  15.5  (1.0)1,122.9 
Industrial89.1 69.6  1.1  (5.1)154.7 
Total Retail Tariff Sales Revenues2,341.5 966.2  45.5  (6.1)3,347.1 
Wholesale Transmission Revenues  435.0   (325.3)109.7 
Wholesale Market Sales Revenues217.3 49.1  0.8   267.2 
Other Revenues from Contracts with Customers18.3 1.5 4.7 2.1 413.8 (412.6)27.8 
Total Revenues from Contracts with Customers2,577.1 1,016.8 439.7 48.4 413.8 (744.0)3,751.8 
Alternative Revenue Programs6.0 27.4 18.7 1.7  (16.9)36.9 
Other Revenues5.5 1.0 0.2 0.2   6.9 
Total Operating Revenues$2,588.6 $1,045.2 $458.6 $50.3 $413.8 $(760.9)$3,795.6 

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(Millions of Dollars)CL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNHCL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNH
Revenues from Contracts with Customers
Retail Tariff Sales
Residential $626.8 $462.2 $165.1 $762.2 $467.8 $234.0 
Commercial 252.4 373.5 82.0 295.3 384.3 108.6 
Industrial33.3 29.9 24.5 33.9 32.6 22.6 
Total Retail Tariff Sales Revenues912.5 865.6 271.6 1,091.4 884.7 365.2 
Wholesale Transmission Revenues200.7 188.8 84.6 195.8 167.8 71.4 
Wholesale Market Sales Revenues121.2 31.6 12.5 154.6 41.1 21.6 
Other Revenues from Contracts with Customers16.4 11.1 5.2 10.0 10.8 2.9 
Total Revenues from Contracts with Customers1,250.8 1,097.1 373.9 1,451.8 1,104.4 461.1 
Alternative Revenue Programs27.4 7.8 7.6 24.6 (9.5)9.6 
Other Revenues2.9 2.0 0.8 2.2 2.5 1.0 
Eliminations(159.8)(159.3)(56.2)(139.7)(141.1)(51.5)
Total Operating Revenues$1,121.3 $947.6 $326.1 $1,338.9 $956.3 $420.2 

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16.    SEGMENT INFORMATION

Eversource is organized into the Electric Distribution, Electric Transmission, Natural Gas Distribution and Water Distribution reportable segments and Other based on a combination of factors, including the characteristics of each segments' services, the sources of operating revenues and expenses and the regulatory environment in which each segment operates.  These reportable segments represent substantially all of Eversource's total consolidated revenues.  Revenues from the sale of electricity, natural gas and water primarily are derived from residential, commercial and industrial customers and are not dependent on any single customer.  The Electric Distribution reportable segment includes the results of NSTAR Electric's solar power facilities. Eversource's reportable segments are determined based upon the level at which Eversource's chief operating decision maker assesses performance and makes decisions about the allocation of company resources.
 
The remainder of Eversource's operations is presented as Other in the tables below and primarily consists of 1) the equity in earnings of Eversource parent from its subsidiaries and intercompany interest income, both of which are eliminated in consolidation, and interest expense related to the debt of Eversource parent, 2) the revenues and expenses of Eversource Service, most of which are eliminated in consolidation, 3) the operations of CYAPC and YAEC, 4) the results of other unregulated subsidiaries, which are not part of its core business, and 5) Eversource parent's equity ownership interests that are not consolidated, which primarily include the offshore wind business, a natural gas pipeline owned by Enbridge, Inc., and a renewable energy investment fund that was liquidated in the first quarter of 2023.

In the ordinary course of business, Yankee Gas, NSTAR Gas and EGMA purchase natural gas transmission services from the Enbridge, Inc. natural gas pipeline project described above. These affiliate transaction costs total $77.7 million annually and are classified as Purchased Power, Purchased Natural Gas and Transmission on the Eversource statements of income.

Each of Eversource's subsidiaries, including CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH, has one reportable segment.

Cash flows used for investments in plant included in the segment information below are cash capital expenditures that do not include amounts incurred on capital projects but not yet paid, cost of removal, AFUDC related to equity funds, and the capitalized and deferred portions of pension and PBOP income/expense.   Eversource's segment information is as follows:
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Eversource
(Millions of Dollars)
Electric DistributionNatural Gas DistributionElectric TransmissionWater DistributionOtherEliminationsTotal
Operating Revenues$2,261.7 $906.0 $507.8 $50.1 $443.6 $(836.6)$3,332.6 
Depreciation and Amortization(109.8)(83.0)(101.0)(0.6)(45.7)2.5 (337.6)
Other Operating Expenses(1,905.1)(554.6)(141.9)(32.0)(349.5)834.1 (2,149.0)
Operating Income$246.8 $268.4 $264.9 $17.5 $48.4 $ $846.0 
Interest Expense$(82.5)$(24.5)$(40.9)$(11.4)$(146.1)$54.7 $(250.7)
Other Income, Net56.6 10.1 14.1 1.7 622.6 (614.1)91.0 
Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders168.1 190.6 176.7 5.4 540.4 (559.4)521.8 
Cash Flows Used for Investments in Plant471.3 244.8 358.4 31.9 43.0  1,149.4 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Eversource
(Millions of Dollars)
Electric
Distribution
Natural Gas
Distribution
Electric
Transmission
Water DistributionOtherEliminationsTotal
Operating Revenues$2,588.6 $1,045.2 $458.6 $50.3 $413.8 $(760.9)$3,795.6 
Depreciation and Amortization(22.0)(77.0)(89.9)(13.3)(36.8)2.1 (236.9)
Other Operating Expenses(2,342.3)(730.4)(128.2)(27.9)(339.6)759.3 (2,809.1)
Operating Income$224.3 $237.8 $240.5 $9.1 $37.4 $0.5 $749.6 
Interest Expense$(69.3)$(21.2)$(41.5)$(9.4)$(85.1)$32.0 $(194.5)
Other Income, Net54.3 9.0 9.4 1.1 565.8 (550.6)89.0 
Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders165.5 170.3 155.1 1.5 516.9 (518.1)491.2 
Cash Flows Used for Investments in Plant371.9 165.5 336.6 37.9 65.2  977.1 

The following table summarizes Eversource's segmented total assets:
Eversource
(Millions of Dollars)
Electric
Distribution
Natural Gas
Distribution
Electric
Transmission
Water DistributionOtherEliminationsTotal
As of March 31, 2024$30,437.0 $8,948.5 $15,129.8 $2,972.2 $28,358.1 $(28,523.4)$57,322.2 
As of December 31, 202329,426.4 8,775.3 14,806.5 2,944.8 26,337.7 (26,678.5)55,612.2 

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EVERSOURCE ENERGY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related combined notes included in this combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the Eversource 2023 combined Annual Report on Form 10-K.  References in this combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to "Eversource," the "Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Eversource Energy and its consolidated subsidiaries.  All per-share amounts are reported on a diluted basis.  The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Eversource, NSTAR Electric and PSNH and the unaudited condensed financial statements of CL&P are herein collectively referred to as the "financial statements."  

Refer to the Glossary of Terms included in this combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for abbreviations and acronyms used throughout this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.  

The only common equity securities that are publicly traded are common shares of Eversource. Our earnings discussion includes a financial measure that is not recognized under GAAP (non-GAAP), EPS by business, which is calculated by dividing the Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders of each business by the weighted average diluted Eversource common shares outstanding for the period. The earnings and EPS of each business do not represent a direct legal interest in the assets and liabilities of such business, but rather represent a direct interest in our assets and liabilities as a whole. We use this non-GAAP financial measure to evaluate and provide details of earnings results by business. This non-GAAP financial measure should not be considered as an alternative to EPS determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of operating performance.

We make statements concerning our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, strategies, assumptions of future events, future financial performance or growth and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can generally identify our forward-looking statements through the use of words or phrases such as "estimate," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "project," "believe," "forecast," "should," "could," and other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those included in our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on the current expectations, estimates, assumptions or projections of management and are not guarantees of future performance. These expectations, estimates, assumptions or projections may vary materially from actual results. Accordingly, any such statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to, and are accompanied by, the following important factors that may cause our actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those contained in our forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to:

cyberattacks or breaches, including those resulting in the compromise of the confidentiality of our proprietary information and the personal information of our customers,
our ability to complete the offshore wind investments sales process on the timelines, terms and pricing we expect; if we and the counterparties are unable to satisfy all closing conditions and consummate the purchase and sale transactions with respect to our offshore wind assets; if we are unable to qualify for investment tax credits related to these projects; if we experience variability in the projected construction costs of the offshore wind projects, if there is a deterioration of market conditions in the offshore wind industry; and if the projects do not commence operation as scheduled or within budget or are not completed,
disruptions in the capital markets or other events that make our access to necessary capital more difficult or costly,
•    changes in economic conditions, including impact on interest rates, tax policies, and customer demand and payment ability,
•    ability or inability to commence and complete our major strategic development projects and opportunities,
•    acts of war or terrorism, physical attacks or grid disturbances that may damage and disrupt our electric transmission and electric, natural gas, and water distribution systems,
•    actions or inaction of local, state and federal regulatory, public policy and taxing bodies,
•    substandard performance of third-party suppliers and service providers,
•    fluctuations in weather patterns, including extreme weather due to climate change,
•    changes in business conditions, which could include disruptive technology or development of alternative energy sources related to our current or future business model,
•    contamination of, or disruption in, our water supplies,
•    changes in levels or timing of capital expenditures,
•    changes in laws, regulations or regulatory policy, including compliance with environmental laws and regulations,
•    changes in accounting standards and financial reporting regulations,
•    actions of rating agencies, and
•    other presently unknown or unforeseen factors.
 
Other risk factors are detailed in our reports filed with the SEC and updated as necessary, and we encourage you to consult such disclosures.

All such factors are difficult to predict and contain uncertainties that may materially affect our actual results, many of which are beyond our control.  You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, as each speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and, except as required by federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all of such factors, nor can we assess the impact of each such factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. For more information, see Item 1A, Risk Factors, included in this combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in
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Eversource's 2023 combined Annual Report on Form 10-K.  This combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Eversource's 2023 combined Annual Report on Form 10-K also describe material contingencies and critical accounting policies in the accompanying Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Combined Notes to Financial Statements.  We encourage you to review these items.

Financial Condition and Business Analysis

Executive Summary

Eversource Energy is a public utility holding company primarily engaged, through its wholly-owned regulated utility subsidiaries, in the energy delivery business.  Eversource Energy's wholly-owned regulated utility subsidiaries consist of CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH (electric utilities), Yankee Gas, NSTAR Gas and EGMA (natural gas utilities) and Aquarion (water utilities). Eversource is organized into the electric distribution, electric transmission, natural gas distribution, and water distribution reportable segments.

The following items in this executive summary are explained in more detail in this combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

Earnings Overview and Future Outlook: 

We earned $521.8 million, or $1.49 per share, in the first quarter of 2024, compared with $491.2 million, or $1.41 per share, in the first quarter of 2023.

We reaffirmed our projection to earn within a 2024 non-GAAP earnings guidance range of between $4.50 per share and $4.67 per share, which excludes the impact of the expected sales of our 50 percent interests in three jointly-owned offshore wind projects and related transaction costs. We also reaffirmed our projection of our long-term EPS growth rate through 2028 within a 5 to 7 percent range.

Liquidity:

Cash flows provided by operating activities totaled $291.3 million in the first quarter of 2024, compared with $69.2 million in the first quarter of 2023. Investments in property, plant and equipment totaled $1.15 billion in the first quarter of 2024, compared with $977.1 million in the first quarter of 2023.  

Cash totaled $259.2 million as of March 31, 2024, compared with $53.9 million as of December 31, 2023. Our available borrowing capacity under our commercial paper programs totaled $296.1 million as of March 31, 2024.

In the first quarter of 2024, we issued $1.35 billion of new long-term debt.

On May 1, 2024, our Board of Trustees approved a common share dividend payment of $0.715 per share, payable on June 28, 2024 to shareholders of record as of May 16, 2024. On January 31, 2024, our Board of Trustees approved a common share dividend payment of $0.715 per share, paid on March 29, 2024 to shareholders of record as of March 5, 2024.

On February 13, 2024, we initiated an exploratory assessment of a potential sale of our water distribution business.

Strategic Developments:

On February 13, 2024, Eversource announced that it executed an agreement to sell its existing 50 percent interests in the South Fork Wind and Revolution Wind projects to Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP). As part of this transaction, Eversource expects to receive approximately $1.1 billion of cash proceeds upon closing, which includes the sales value related to the 10 percent energy community ITC adder of approximately $170 million related to Revolution Wind, and to exit these projects while retaining certain cost sharing obligations for the construction of Revolution Wind. The purchase price is subject to future post-closing adjustment payments based on, among other things, the progress, timing and expense of construction of each project. The cost sharing obligations provide that Eversource would share equally with GIP in GIP’s funding obligations for up to approximately $240 million of incremental capital expenditure overruns incurred during the construction phase for the Revolution Wind project, after which obligations for any additional capital expenditure overruns would be shared equally by Eversource and Ørsted. Additionally, Eversource’s financial exposure will be adjusted by certain purchase price adjustments to be made following commercial operation of the Revolution Wind project and closing of South Fork as a result of final project economics, which includes Eversource’s obligation to maintain GIP’s internal rate of return for each project as specified in the agreement. South Fork Wind construction has been completed and Eversource does not expect any material cost sharing or other purchase price adjustment payments for South Fork Wind. Closing of the transaction is currently expected to occur later this year.

On January 24, 2024, Ørsted signed an agreement with Eversource to acquire Eversource’s 50 percent share of Sunrise Wind, subject to the successful selection of Sunrise Wind in the New York fourth solicitation for offshore wind capacity, signing of an OREC contract with NYSERDA, finalization of agreements including the equity and asset purchase agreement, receipt of the final approval by BOEM of the Sunrise Wind COP, and relevant regulatory approvals. On January 25, 2024, Sunrise Wind submitted a proposal in the New York fourth offshore wind solicitation and was selected by NYSERDA on February 29, 2024 for contract negotiation. Sunrise Wind is currently negotiating an OREC contract with NYSERDA that will include the price proposed by Sunrise Wind in the solicitation. We expect the OREC contract to be finalized in the second quarter of 2024.

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On April 18, 2024, Eversource and Ørsted executed the equity and asset purchase agreement to sell Eversource’s 50 percent interest in Sunrise Wind to Ørsted, and upon closing, Ørsted will become the sole owner of Sunrise Wind. Eversource will remain contracted to manage Sunrise Wind’s onshore construction through completion. In accordance with the equity and asset purchase agreement, Ørsted will pay Eversource 50 percent of the negotiated purchase price upon closing the sale transaction, with the remaining 50 percent paid after onshore construction is completed and certain other milestones are achieved. Upon the closing of the transaction, Eversource will not have any ongoing ownership interest in the project, nor any ongoing financial or credit support obligations associated with project costs. The impact of the purchase price from the sale of Sunrise Wind to Ørsted, as compared to the current carrying value of the investment which had assumed an abandonment of the project, will be reflected when the sale of Sunrise Wind is completed. Eversource expects the sale of Sunrise Wind to Ørsted will be completed later this year.

As of January 1, 2024, four of South Fork Wind’s twelve turbines were placed into service and met the project commercial operation date requirements under the power purchase agreement with LIPA. Installation of the project’s twelve 11-megawatt wind turbines was completed in February 2024 and all are now producing power. Final commissioning, including warranty testing and construction contract close-out, is underway.

Earnings Overview

Consolidated:  Below is a summary of our earnings by business, which also reconciles the non-GAAP financial measure of EPS by business to the most directly comparable GAAP measure of diluted EPS.
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
(Millions of Dollars, Except Per Share Amounts)AmountPer ShareAmountPer Share
Regulated Companies$540.8 $1.53 $492.4 $1.41 
Eversource Parent and Other Companies(19.0)(0.04)(1.2)— 
Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders$521.8 $1.49 $491.2 $1.41 

Regulated Companies:  Our regulated companies comprise the electric distribution, electric transmission, natural gas distribution, and water distribution segments. A summary of our segment earnings and EPS is as follows: 
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
20242023
(Millions of Dollars, Except Per Share Amounts)AmountPer ShareAmountPer Share
Electric Distribution$168.1 $0.48 $165.5 $0.47 
Electric Transmission176.7 0.50 155.1 0.45 
Natural Gas Distribution190.6 0.54 170.3 0.49 
Water Distribution5.4 0.01 1.5 — 
Net Income - Regulated Companies$540.8 $1.53 $492.4 $1.41 

Our electric distribution segment earnings increased $2.6 million in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to the first quarter of 2023, due primarily to higher revenues from a base distribution rate increase effective January 1, 2024 at NSTAR Electric and from CL&P's capital tracking mechanism due to increased electric system improvements, and an increase in interest income primarily on regulatory deferrals. Those earnings increases were partially offset by higher interest expense, higher depreciation expense, higher operations and maintenance expense, and higher property and other tax expense.

Our electric transmission segment earnings increased $21.6 million in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to the first quarter of 2023, due primarily to a higher transmission rate base as a result of our continued investment in our transmission infrastructure and higher AFUDC equity income.

Our natural gas distribution segment earnings increased $20.3 million in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to the first quarter of 2023, due primarily to higher revenues from capital tracking mechanisms due to continued investments in natural gas infrastructure and from a base distribution rate increase effective November 1, 2023 at NSTAR Gas, lower operations and maintenance expense, and lower property tax expense. Those earnings increases were partially offset by higher depreciation expense and higher interest expense.

Our water distribution segment earnings increased $3.9 million in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to the first quarter of 2023. Higher first quarter earnings were due primarily to an after-tax benefit of $5.2 million recorded to recognize the impacts of the Aquarion Water Company of Connecticut’s rate case decision from PURA from the effective date of the order on March 15, 2023 through March 31, 2024. The adjustment was recorded as a result of the State of Connecticut Superior Court’s decision on the rate case appeal on March 25, 2024. The impacts primarily include a reserve recorded for revenues subject to refund as a result of the lower authorized revenues not yet reflected in current rates, offset by a reduction to depreciation expense to reflect lower depreciation rates ordered by PURA in its final decision. Earnings were also unfavorably impacted by higher interest expense and higher operations and maintenance expense.

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Eversource Parent and Other Companies: Eversource parent and other companies’ losses increased $17.8 million in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to the first quarter of 2023, due primarily to higher interest expense and the absence of a benefit in the first quarter of 2023 from the liquidation of Eversource parent’s equity method investment in a renewable energy fund, partially offset by the absence of a charitable contribution made with a portion of the proceeds from the liquidation in the first quarter of 2023. Parent and other companies also benefited from a lower effective tax rate.

Liquidity

Sources and Uses of Cash: Eversource’s regulated business is capital intensive and requires considerable capital resources. Eversource’s regulated companies’ capital resources are provided by cash flows generated from operations, short-term borrowings, long-term debt issuances, capital contributions from Eversource parent, and existing cash, and are used to fund their liquidity and capital requirements. Eversource’s regulated companies typically maintain minimal cash balances and use short-term borrowings to meet their working capital needs and other cash requirements. Short-term borrowings are also used as a bridge to long-term debt financings. The levels of short-term borrowing may vary significantly over the course of the year due to the impact of fluctuations in cash flows from operations (including timing of storm costs and regulatory recoveries), dividends paid, capital contributions received and the timing of long-term debt financings.

Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH each uses its available capital resources to fund its respective construction expenditures, meet debt requirements, pay operating costs, including storm-related costs, pay dividends, and fund other corporate obligations, such as pension contributions. Eversource's regulated companies recover their electric, natural gas and water distribution construction expenditures as the related project costs are depreciated over the life of the assets. This impacts the timing of the revenue stream designed to fully recover the total investment plus a return on the equity and debt used to finance the investments. Eversource's regulated companies spend a significant amount of cash on capital improvements and construction projects that have a long-term return on investment and recovery period. In addition, Eversource uses its capital resources to fund investments in its offshore wind business, which are recognized as long-term assets.

We expect the future operating cash flows of Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH, along with our existing borrowing availability and access to both debt and equity markets, will be sufficient to meet any working capital and future operating requirements, and capital investment forecasted opportunities.

Cash totaled $259.2 million as of March 31, 2024, compared with $53.9 million as of December 31, 2023.

Short-Term Debt - Commercial Paper Programs and Credit Agreements: Eversource parent has a $2.00 billion commercial paper program allowing Eversource parent to issue commercial paper as a form of short-term debt. Eversource parent, CL&P, PSNH, NSTAR Gas, Yankee Gas, EGMA and Aquarion Water Company of Connecticut are parties to a five-year $2.00 billion revolving credit facility, which terminates on October 13, 2028. This revolving credit facility serves to backstop Eversource parent's $2.00 billion commercial paper program.  

NSTAR Electric has a $650 million commercial paper program allowing NSTAR Electric to issue commercial paper as a form of short-term debt. NSTAR Electric is also a party to a five-year $650 million revolving credit facility, which terminates on October 13, 2028, that serves to backstop NSTAR Electric's $650 million commercial paper program.  

The amount of borrowings outstanding and available under the commercial paper programs were as follows:
Borrowings Outstanding as ofAvailable Borrowing Capacity as ofWeighted-Average Interest Rate as of
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023March 31, 2024December 31, 2023March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(Millions of Dollars)
Eversource Parent Commercial Paper Program $1,934.9 $1,771.9 $65.1 $228.1 5.66 %5.60 %
NSTAR Electric Commercial Paper Program 419.0 365.8 231.0 284.2 5.38 %5.40 %

There were no borrowings outstanding on the revolving credit facilities as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

CL&P and PSNH have uncommitted line of credit agreements totaling $375 million and $250 million, respectively, which will expire in 2024. There are no borrowings outstanding on either the CL&P or PSNH uncommitted line of credit agreements as of March 31, 2024.

Amounts outstanding under the commercial paper programs are included in Notes Payable and classified in current liabilities on the Eversource and NSTAR Electric balance sheets, as all borrowings are outstanding for no more than 364 days at one time. As a result of the CL&P long-term debt issuance in January 2024, $207.3 million of commercial paper borrowings under the Eversource parent commercial paper program were reclassified to Long-Term Debt on Eversource parent’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. As a result of the PSNH long-term debt issuance in April 2024, $251.0 million of commercial paper borrowings under the Eversource parent commercial paper program were reclassified to Long-Term Debt on Eversource parent’s balance sheet as of March 31, 2024.

Intercompany Borrowings: Eversource parent uses its available capital resources to provide loans to its subsidiaries to assist in meeting their short-term borrowing needs. Eversource parent records intercompany interest income from its loans to subsidiaries, which is eliminated in consolidation. Intercompany loans from Eversource parent to its subsidiaries are eliminated in consolidation on Eversource's balance sheets. As of March 31, 2024, there were intercompany loans from Eversource parent to CL&P of $426.1 million and to PSNH of $251.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, there were intercompany loans from Eversource parent to CL&P of $457.0 million and to PSNH of $233.0 million. Eversource parent charges interest on these intercompany loans at the same weighted-average interest rate as its commercial paper program. Intercompany loans from Eversource parent are included in Notes Payable to Eversource Parent and classified in current liabilities on the
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respective subsidiary's balance sheets, as these intercompany borrowings are outstanding for no more than 364 days at one time. As a result of the CL&P long-term debt issuance in January 2024, $207.3 million of CL&P’s intercompany borrowings were reclassified to Long-Term Debt on CL&P’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. As a result of the PSNH long-term debt issuance in April 2024, $251.0 million of PSNH’s intercompany borrowings were reclassified to Long-Term Debt on PSNH’s balance sheet as of March 31, 2024.

Long-Term Debt Issuance Authorizations: On February 8, 2024, the NHPUC approved PSNH’s request for authorization to issue up to $300 million in long-term debt through December 31, 2024. On May 1, 2024, the DPU approved NSTAR Electric’s request for authorization to issue up to $2.4 billion in long-term debt through December 31, 2026.

Long-Term Debt Issuances and Repayments: The following table summarizes long-term debt issuances and repayments:
(Millions of Dollars)Interest RateIssuance/(Repayment)Issue Date or Repayment DateMaturity DateUse of Proceeds for Issuance/
Repayment Information
CL&P 2024 Series A First Mortgage Bonds4.65 %$350.0 January 2024January 2029Repaid short-term debt, paid capital expenditures and working capital
PSNH Series X First Mortgage Bonds5.35 %300.0 April 2024October 2033Repaid short-term debt, paid capital expenditures and working capital
Eversource Parent Series DD Senior Notes5.00 %350.0 January 2024January 2027Repaid short-term debt
Eversource Parent Series EE Senior Notes5.50 %650.0 January 2024January 2034Repaid short-term debt
Eversource Parent Series FF Senior Notes5.85 %700.0 April 2024April 2031Repay Series X Senior Notes and Aquarion’s 2014 Senior Notes at maturity and short-term debt
Eversource Parent Series GG Senior Notes5.95 %700.0 April 2024July 2034Repay Series X Senior Notes and Aquarion’s 2014 Senior Notes at maturity and short-term debt

As a result of the Eversource parent long-term debt issuances in April 2024, $1.39 billion of current portion of long-term debt was reclassified to Long-Term Debt on Eversource parent’s balance sheet as of March 31, 2024.

In March 2024, NSTAR Gas closed on two First Mortgage Bonds, Series W and Series X for $160.0 million and $40.0 million, respectively, and these bonds will be issued in June 2024.

Rate Reduction Bonds: PSNH's RRB payments consist of principal and interest and are paid semi-annually. PSNH paid $21.6 million of RRB principal payments and $7.6 million of interest payments in the first quarter of 2024, and paid $21.6 million of RRB principal payments and $8.3 million of interest payments in the first quarter of 2023.

Common Share Issuances and Equity Distribution Agreement: On May 11, 2022, Eversource entered into an equity distribution agreement pursuant to which it may offer and sell up to $1.2 billion of its common shares from time to time through an “at-the-market” (ATM) equity offering program. In the first quarter of 2024, Eversource issued 1,292,892 common shares, which resulted in proceeds of $75.4 million, net of issuance costs. Eversource used the net proceeds received for general corporate purposes.

Cash Flows:  Cash flows from operating activities primarily result from the transmission and distribution of electricity, and the distribution of natural gas and water. Cash flows provided by operating activities totaled $291.3 million in the first quarter of 2024, compared with $69.2 million in the first quarter of 2023. Operating cash flows were favorably impacted by the timing of cash payments made on our accounts payable, a $66.6 million increase in operating cash flows due to income tax refunds received in 2024 compared to income tax payments made in 2023, a decrease in regulatory under-recoveries driven primarily by the timing of collections for regulatory tracking mechanisms, the timing of cash collections on our accounts receivable, and a $13.2 million decrease in cost of removal expenditures. The CL&P non-bypassable FMCC retail rate increased in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to the first quarter of 2023, which lowered the regulatory under-recovery deferral adjustment and resulted in an improvement to operating cash flows of $53.1 million. The impacts of regulatory collections are included in both Regulatory Recoveries and Amortization on the statements of cash flows. These favorable impacts were partially offset by the timing of other working capital items and a $42.6 million increase in cash payments to vendors for storm costs.

On April 17, 2024, PURA issued an interim decision in CL&P’s Rate Adjustment Mechanisms (RAM) filing and approved rates for the six RAM components, with rates effective July 1, 2024 through April 30, 2025. The rate approvals include the recovery of NBFMCC and SBC net under-recoveries as of December 31, 2023 of $264.9 million and $86.2 million, respectively, and the recovery of expected net costs of $388.5 million for the NBFMCC and $254.4 million for the SBC for the period July 1, 2024 through April 30, 2025. The NBFMCC rate adjustment is primarily driven by long-term nuclear power purchase agreements required by state policy and the SBC rate adjustment is primarily driven by costs associated with accounts receivable hardship customer protection.

On May 1, 2024, our Board of Trustees approved a common share dividend payment of $0.715 per share, payable on June 28, 2024 to shareholders of record as of May 16, 2024. On January 31, 2024, our Board of Trustees approved a common share dividend payment of $0.715 per share, paid on March 29, 2024 to shareholders of record as of March 5, 2024. In the first quarter of 2024, we paid cash dividends of $244.8 million and issued non-cash dividends of $6.0 million in the form of treasury shares, totaling dividends of $250.8 million. In the first quarter of 2023, we paid cash dividends of $229.4 million and issued non-cash dividends of $6.0 million in the form of treasury shares, totaling dividends of $235.4 million.

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Eversource issues treasury shares to satisfy awards under the Company's incentive plans, shares issued under the dividend reinvestment and share purchase plan, and matching contributions under the Eversource 401k Plan.

In the first quarter of 2024, CL&P and NSTAR Electric paid $82.5 million and $96.7 million, respectively, in common stock dividends to Eversource parent.

Investments in Property, Plant and Equipment on the statements of cash flows do not include amounts incurred on capital projects but not yet paid, cost of removal, AFUDC related to equity funds, and the capitalized and deferred portions of pension and PBOP income/expense.  In the first quarter of 2024, investments for Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric, and PSNH were $1.15 billion, $285.9 million, $394.9 million, and $148.9 million, respectively. Capital expenditures were primarily for continuing projects to maintain and improve infrastructure and operations, including enhancing reliability to the transmission and distribution systems.

Contractual Obligations: Our cash requirements from contractual obligations were reported in Item 7, "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," of the Eversource 2023 Form 10-K. See Note 9B, “Commitments and Contingencies - Long-Term Contractual Arrangements,” to the financial statements for discussion of material changes to our cash requirements from contractual obligations. Other than as described in the footnote, there have been no material changes to our cash requirements from contractual obligations and payment schedules previously disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K.

Credit Ratings: On March 5, 2024, S&P revised the outlook from watch negative to negative for Eversource parent, CL&P, NSTAR Electric, and PSNH.

Business Development and Capital Expenditures

Our consolidated capital expenditures, including amounts incurred but not paid, cost of removal, AFUDC, and the capitalized and deferred portions of pension and PBOP income/expense (all of which are non-cash factors), totaled $1.09 billion in the first quarter of 2024, compared to $789.2 million in the first quarter of 2023.  These amounts included $75.6 million and $42.9 million in the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to information technology and facilities upgrades and enhancements, primarily at Eversource Service and The Rocky River Realty Company.

Electric Transmission Business:  Our consolidated electric transmission business capital expenditures increased by $116.0 million in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to the first quarter of 2023.  A summary of electric transmission capital expenditures by company is as follows:  
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Millions of Dollars)20242023
CL&P$133.5 $77.4 
NSTAR Electric117.6 96.6 
PSNH111.7 72.8 
Total Electric Transmission$362.8 $246.8 

Our transmission projects are designed to improve the reliability of the electric grid, meet customer demand for power, and strengthen the electric grid's resilience against extreme weather and other safety and security threats. In Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire, our transmission projects include transmission line upgrades, the installation of new transmission interconnection facilities, substations and lines, and transmission substation enhancements.

Distribution Business:  A summary of distribution capital expenditures is as follows:
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Millions of Dollars) CL&P NSTAR Electric PSNH Total Electric Natural GasWater Total
2024
Basic Business$70.5 $112.6 $22.5 $205.6 $53.5 $5.0 $264.1 
Aging Infrastructure62.0 65.8 8.8 136.6 130.0 25.9 292.5 
Load Growth and Other27.3 48.6 13.8 89.7 9.6 0.2 99.5 
Total Distribution$159.8 $227.0 $45.1 $431.9 $193.1 $31.1 $656.1 
2023
Basic Business$53.1 $62.0 $11.7 $126.8 $37.1 $3.5 $167.4 
Aging Infrastructure52.1 59.4 16.5 128.0 105.5 27.7 261.2 
Load Growth and Other25.7 31.3 3.1 60.1 10.6 0.2 70.9 
Total Distribution$130.9 $152.7 $31.3 $314.9 $153.2 $31.4 $499.5 

For the electric distribution business, basic business includes the purchase of meters, tools, vehicles, information technology, transformer replacements, equipment facilities, and the relocation of plant. Aging infrastructure relates to reliability and the replacement of overhead lines, plant substations, underground cable replacement, and equipment failures. Load growth and other includes requests for new business and capacity additions on distribution lines and substation additions and expansions.

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For the natural gas distribution business, basic business addresses daily operational needs including meters, pipe relocations due to public works projects, vehicles, and tools. Aging infrastructure projects seek to improve the reliability of the system through enhancements related to cast iron and bare steel replacement of main and services, corrosion mediation, and station upgrades. Load growth and other reflects growth in existing service territories including new developments, installation of services, and expansion.

For the water distribution business, basic business addresses daily operational needs including periodic meter replacement, water main relocation, facility maintenance, and tools. Aging infrastructure relates to reliability and the replacement of water mains, regulators, storage tanks, pumping stations, wellfields, reservoirs, and treatment facilities. Load growth and other reflects growth in our service territory, including improvements of acquisitions, installation of new services, and interconnections of systems.

Offshore Wind Business: Eversource’s offshore wind business includes 50 percent ownership interests in wind partnerships, which collectively hold the Revolution Wind, South Fork Wind and Sunrise Wind projects, and a tax equity investment in South Fork Wind. The offshore wind projects are being developed and constructed through joint and equal partnerships with Ørsted.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, Eversource's total equity investment balance in its offshore wind business was $596.4 million and $515.5 million, respectively.

On May 25, 2023, Eversource announced that it had completed a strategic review of its offshore wind investments and determined that it would pursue the sale of its offshore wind investments. On September 7, 2023, Eversource completed the sale of its 50 percent interest in an uncommitted lease area consisting of approximately 175,000 developable acres located 25 miles off the south coast of Massachusetts to Ørsted for $625 million in an all-cash transaction.

In September of 2023, Eversource made a contribution of $528 million using the proceeds from the lease area sale to invest in a tax equity interest for South Fork Wind. South Fork Wind was restructured as a tax equity investment, with Eversource purchasing 100 percent ownership of a new Class A tax equity membership interest. As a result of this investment, Eversource expects to receive approximately $400 million of investment tax credits (ITC) after the turbines are placed in service for South Fork Wind and meet the requirements to qualify for the ITC, in addition to other expected future cash flow benefits that aggregate to approximately $100 million. These investment tax credits will be utilized to reduce Eversource’s federal tax liability or generate tax refunds in future periods through 2026. As of March 31, 2024, six South Fork Wind turbines met the requirements to qualify for the investment tax credits. As a result, $193 million of expected investment tax credits were reclassified from the South Fork Wind tax equity investment balance reported in Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates as a reduction in current taxes payable of $54 million and an increase in deferred tax assets of $139 million on the Eversource balance sheet as of March 31, 2024. An additional $37 million deferred tax asset was established through a reduction of the tax equity investment balance due to a temporary difference on the related depreciable property as of March 31, 2024. These balance sheet reclassifications represent non-cash transactions.

As a result of expected tax credits generated from our wind investments, Eversource expects lower federal income tax payments, which will improve operating cash flows between 2024 through 2026.

Expected Sales of Offshore Wind Investments: On January 24, 2024, Ørsted signed an agreement with Eversource to acquire Eversource’s 50 percent share of Sunrise Wind, subject to the successful selection of Sunrise Wind in the New York fourth solicitation for offshore wind capacity, signing of an OREC contract with NYSERDA, finalization of agreements including the equity and asset purchase agreement, receipt of the final approval by BOEM of the Sunrise Wind COP, and relevant regulatory approvals. On January 25, 2024, Sunrise Wind submitted a proposal in the New York fourth offshore wind solicitation and was selected by NYSERDA on February 29, 2024 for contract negotiation. Sunrise Wind is currently negotiating an OREC contract with NYSERDA that will include the price proposed by Sunrise Wind in the solicitation. We expect the OREC contract to be finalized in the second quarter of 2024.

On April 18, 2024, Eversource and Ørsted executed the equity and asset purchase agreement to sell Eversource’s 50 percent interest in Sunrise Wind to Ørsted, and upon closing, Ørsted will become the sole owner of Sunrise Wind. Eversource will remain contracted to manage Sunrise Wind’s onshore construction through completion. In accordance with the equity and asset purchase agreement, Ørsted will pay Eversource 50 percent of the negotiated purchase price upon closing the sale transaction, with the remaining 50 percent paid after onshore construction is completed and certain other milestones are achieved. Upon the closing of the transaction, Eversource will not have any ongoing ownership interest in the project, nor any ongoing financial or credit support obligations associated with project costs. The impact of the purchase price from the sale of Sunrise Wind to Ørsted, as compared to the current carrying value of the investment which had assumed an abandonment of the project, will be reflected when the sale of Sunrise Wind is completed. In accordance with accounting guidance, the impairment loss recognized on the Sunrise Wind investment cannot subsequently be reversed for increases in estimated fair value, and therefore the impact will be recognized when the sale occurs. Eversource expects the sale of Sunrise Wind to Ørsted will be completed later this year.

On February 13, 2024, Eversource announced that it executed an agreement to sell its existing 50 percent interests in the South Fork Wind and Revolution Wind projects to Global Infrastructure Partners (GIP). As part of this transaction, Eversource expects to receive approximately $1.1 billion of cash proceeds upon closing, which includes the sales value related to the 10 percent energy community ITC adder of approximately $170 million related to Revolution Wind, and to exit these projects while retaining certain cost sharing obligations for the construction of Revolution Wind. The purchase price is subject to future post-closing adjustment payments based on, among other things, the progress, timing and expense of construction of each project. The cost sharing obligations provide that Eversource would share equally with GIP in GIP’s funding obligations for up to approximately $240 million of incremental capital expenditure overruns incurred during the construction phase for the Revolution Wind project, after which obligations for any additional capital expenditure overruns would be shared equally by Eversource and Ørsted. Additionally, Eversource’s financial exposure will be adjusted by certain purchase price adjustments to be made following commercial operation of the Revolution Wind project and closing of South Fork as a result of final project economics, which includes Eversource’s obligation
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to maintain GIP’s internal rate of return for each project as specified in the agreement. South Fork Wind construction has been completed and Eversource does not expect any material cost sharing or other purchase price adjustment payments for South Fork Wind.

Factors that could result in Eversource’s total net proceeds from the transaction to be lower or higher include Revolution Wind’s eligibility for federal investment tax credits at other than the anticipated 40 percent level; the ultimate cost of construction and extent of cost overruns for Revolution Wind; delays in constructing Revolution Wind, which would impact the economics associated with the purchase price adjustment; and a benefit due to Eversource if there are lower operation costs or higher availability of the projects through the period that is four years following the commercial operation date of the Revolution Wind project.

Closing the transaction with GIP is subject to customary conditions, including certain regulatory approvals by the New York Public Service Commission, the FERC, and a review under the Hart Scott Rodino Act, as well as other conditions, among which is the completion and execution of the partnership agreements between GIP and Ørsted that will govern GIP’s new ownership interest in those projects following Eversource’s divestiture. The review period under the Hart Scott Rodino Act has expired. Closing of this transaction is currently expected to occur later this year. If closing of the sale is delayed, additional capital contributions made by Eversource would be recovered in the sales price. Under this agreement with GIP, Eversource’s existing credit support obligations are expected to roll off for each project around the time that each project completes its expected capital spend.

Eversource will continue to make future cash expenditures for required cash contributions to its offshore wind investments up to the time of disposition of each of the offshore wind projects. Capital contributions are expected until the sales are completed and changes in the timing and amounts of these contributions would be adjusted in the sales prices and therefore not result in an additional impairment charge. Proceeds from the transactions will be used to pay off parent company debt.

Impairment: Equity method investments are assessed for impairment when conditions exist as of the balance sheet date that indicate that the fair value of the investment may be less than book value. Eversource continually monitors and evaluates its equity method investments to determine if there are indicators of an other-than-temporary impairment. If the decline in value is considered to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value, which establishes a new cost basis in the investment. Subsequent declines or recoveries after the reporting date are not considered in the impairment recognized. Investments that are other-than-temporarily impaired and written down to their estimated fair value cannot subsequently be written back up for increases in estimated fair value. Impairment evaluations involve a significant degree of judgment and estimation, including identifying circumstances that indicate an impairment may exist at the equity method investment level, selecting discount rates used to determine fair values, and developing an estimate of discounted future cash flows expected from investment operations or the sale of the investment. In the first quarter of 2024, there were no indicators of an other-than-temporary impairment in Eversource’s equity method investment balance.

Permitting and Construction of Offshore Wind Projects: The offshore wind projects require receipt of federal, state and local approvals necessary to construct and operate the projects. The federal permitting process is led by BOEM, and state approvals are required from New York, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Significant delays in the siting and permitting process resulting from the timeline for obtaining approval from BOEM and the state agencies could adversely impact the timing of Sunrise Wind’s in-service date.

Federal Siting and Permitting Process: The federal siting and permitting process for each of our offshore wind projects commences with the filing of a Construction and Operations Plan (COP) application with BOEM. BOEM provides a review schedule for the project’s COP approval and conducts environmental and technical reviews of the COP. BOEM issues an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) that assesses the environmental, social, and economic impacts of constructing the project and recommends measures to minimize impacts. The Final EIS will inform BOEM in deciding whether to approve the project or to approve with modifications and BOEM will then issue its Record of Decision. BOEM issues its final approval of the COP following the Record of Decision. South Fork Wind and Revolution Wind have received final approval from BOEM.

Sunrise Wind filed its COP application with BOEM in September 2020. For the Sunrise Wind project, BOEM released its Draft EIS on December 16, 2022 and its Final EIS on December 15, 2023. The Record of Decision was received on March 26, 2024 and final approval of Sunrise Wind is expected in the second quarter of 2024.

State and Local Siting and Permitting Process: All state and local approvals have been received for South Fork and Revolution Wind. For Sunrise Wind, all state and local approvals required to start construction have been received.

Construction Process: South Fork Wind entered the construction phase in early 2022 and construction activities have been completed. As of January 1, 2024, four of South Fork Wind’s twelve turbines were placed into service and met the project commercial operation date requirements under the power purchase agreement with LIPA. Installation of the project’s twelve 11-megawatt wind turbines was completed in February 2024 and all are now producing power. Final commissioning, including warranty testing and construction contract close-out, is underway. South Fork Wind faces several challenges and appeals of New York State and federal agency approvals, however we believe it is probable we will be able to overcome these challenges.

For Revolution Wind, on October 31, 2023, the joint venture made its final investment decision to advance to full onshore and offshore construction and installation, and major construction began in the fourth quarter of 2023 upon receipt of all necessary federal, state and local approvals. Construction of the project’s onshore substation, onshore interconnection facility, and duct bank for the onshore underground transmission cable is underway. Offshore construction activities have also begun, with boulder clearance underway to prepare for offshore transmission cable installation. Other marine construction activities, including installation of the wind turbine foundations, 11-megawatt wind
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turbines, transmission cable, and offshore substations, are expected to occur in 2024 and 2025. We expect the Revolution Wind project to be in-service in late 2025.

For Sunrise Wind, on March 26, 2024, the joint venture made its final investment decision to proceed with the project. Construction of the direct current to alternating current onshore converter station and 18-mile onshore duct bank for the onshore underground transmission cable is now underway. In addition, expansion of the onshore substation where Sunrise Wind will interconnect into the New York power grid has begun. Marine construction activities for Sunrise Wind are expected to begin later this year. For Sunrise Wind, based on the current expected timing of BOEM’s final approval and the start of offshore construction, we currently expect an in-service date in 2026.

FERC Regulatory Matters

FERC ROE Complaints: Four separate complaints were filed at the FERC by combinations of New England state attorneys general, state regulatory commissions, consumer advocates, consumer groups, municipal parties and other parties (collectively, the Complainants). In each of the first three complaints, filed on October 1, 2011, December 27, 2012, and July 31, 2014, respectively, the Complainants challenged the NETOs' base ROE of 11.14 percent that had been utilized since 2005 and sought an order to reduce it prospectively from the date of the final FERC order and for the separate 15-month complaint periods. In the fourth complaint, filed April 29, 2016, the Complainants challenged the NETOs' base ROE billed of 10.57 percent and the maximum ROE for transmission incentive (incentive cap) of 11.74 percent, asserting that these ROEs were unjust and unreasonable.

The ROE originally billed during the period October 1, 2011 (beginning of the first complaint period) through October 15, 2014 consisted of a base ROE of 11.14 percent and incentives up to 13.1 percent. On October 16, 2014, FERC issued Opinion No. 531-A and set the base ROE at 10.57 percent and the incentive cap at 11.74 percent for the first complaint period. This was also effective for all prospective billings to customers beginning October 16, 2014. This FERC order was vacated on April 14, 2017 by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (the Court).

All amounts associated with the first complaint period have been refunded. Eversource has recorded a reserve of $39.1 million (pre-tax and excluding interest) for the second complaint period as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. This reserve represents the difference between the billed rates during the second complaint period and a 10.57 percent base ROE and 11.74 percent incentive cap. The reserve consisted of $21.4 million for CL&P, $14.6 million for NSTAR Electric and $3.1 million for PSNH as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

On October 16, 2018, FERC issued an order on all four complaints describing how it intends to address the issues that were remanded by the Court. FERC proposed a new framework to determine (1) whether an existing ROE is unjust and unreasonable and, if so, (2) how to calculate a replacement ROE. Initial briefs were filed by the NETOs, Complainants and FERC Trial Staff on January 11, 2019 and reply briefs were filed on March 8, 2019. The NETOs' brief was supportive of the overall ROE methodology determined in the October 16, 2018 order provided the FERC does not change the proposed methodology or alter its implementation in a manner that has a material impact on the results.

The FERC order included illustrative calculations for the first complaint using FERC's proposed frameworks with financial data from that complaint. Those illustrative calculations indicated that for the first complaint period, for the NETOs, which FERC concludes are of average financial risk, the preliminary just and reasonable base ROE is 10.41 percent and the preliminary incentive cap on total ROE is 13.08 percent.

If the results of the illustrative calculations were included in a final FERC order for each of the complaint periods, then a 10.41 percent base ROE and a 13.08 percent incentive cap would not have a significant impact on our financial statements for all of the complaint periods. These preliminary calculations are not binding and do not represent what we believe to be the most likely outcome of a final FERC order.

On November 21, 2019, FERC issued Opinion No. 569 affecting the two pending transmission ROE complaints against the Midcontinent ISO (MISO) transmission owners, in which FERC adopted a new methodology for determining base ROEs. Various parties sought rehearing. On December 23, 2019, the NETOs filed supplementary materials in the NETOs' four pending cases to respond to this new methodology because of the uncertainty of the applicability to the NETOs' cases. On May 21, 2020, the FERC issued its order in Opinion No. 569-A on the rehearing of the MISO transmission owners' cases, in which FERC again changed its methodology for determining the MISO transmission owners' base ROEs. On November 19, 2020, the FERC issued Opinion No. 569-B denying rehearing of Opinion No. 569-A and reaffirmed the methodology previously adopted in Opinion No. 569-A. The new methodology differs significantly from the methodology proposed by FERC in its October 16, 2018 order to determine the NETOs' base ROEs in its four pending cases. FERC Opinion Nos. 569-A and 569-B were appealed to the Court. On August 9, 2022, the Court issued its decision vacating MISO ROE FERC Opinion Nos. 569, 569-A and 569-B and remanded to FERC to reopen the proceedings. The Court found that FERC’s development of the new return methodology was arbitrary and capricious due to FERC’s failure to offer a reasonable explanation for its decision to reintroduce the risk-premium financial model in its new methodology for calculating a just and reasonable return. At this time, Eversource cannot predict how and when FERC will address the Court’s findings on the remand of the MISO FERC opinions or any potential associated impact on the NETOs’ four pending ROE complaint cases.

Given the significant uncertainty regarding the applicability of the FERC opinions in the MISO transmission owners’ two complaint cases to the NETOs’ pending four complaint cases, Eversource concluded that there is no reasonable basis for a change to the reserve or recognized ROEs for any of the complaint periods at this time. As well, Eversource cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss for any of the four complaint proceedings at this time. Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH currently record revenues at the 10.57 percent base ROE and incentive cap at 11.74 percent established in the October 16, 2014 FERC order.

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A change of 10 basis points to the base ROE used to establish the reserves would impact Eversource’s after-tax earnings by an average of approximately $3 million for each of the four 15-month complaint periods. Prospectively from the date of a final FERC order implementing a new base ROE, based off of estimated 2023 rate base, a change of 10 basis points to the base ROE would impact Eversource’s future annual after-tax earnings by approximately $5.5 million per year, and will increase slightly over time as we continue to invest in our transmission infrastructure.

FERC Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Transmission Incentives: On March 20, 2020, FERC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) on transmission incentives. The NOPR intends to revise FERC’s electric transmission incentive policies to reflect competing uses of transmission due to generation resource mix, technological innovation and shifts in load patterns. FERC proposes to grant transmission incentives based on measurable project economics and reliability benefits to consumers rather than its current project risks and challenges framework. On July 1, 2020, Eversource filed comments generally supporting the NOPR.

On April 15, 2021, FERC issued a Supplemental NOPR that proposes to eliminate the existing 50 basis point return on equity for utilities that have been participating in a regional transmission organization (RTO ROE incentive) for more than three years. On June 25, 2021, the NETOs jointly filed comments strongly opposing FERC’s proposal. On July 26, 2021, the NETOs filed Supplemental NOPR reply comments responding to various parties advocating for the elimination of the RTO Adder. If FERC issues a final order eliminating the RTO ROE incentive as proposed in the Supplemental NOPR, the estimated annual impact (using 2023 estimated rate base) on Eversource's after-tax earnings is approximately $19.5 million. The Supplemental NOPR contemplates an effective date 30 days from the final order.

At this time, Eversource cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, including possible appellate review, and the resulting impact on its transmission incentives.

Regulatory Developments and Rate Matters

Electric, Natural Gas and Water Utility Base Distribution Rates: The regulated companies’ distribution rates are set by their respective state regulatory commissions, and their tariffs include mechanisms for periodically adjusting their rates for the recovery of specific incurred costs. Other than as described below, for the first quarter of 2024, changes made to the regulated companies’ rates did not have a material impact on their earnings.  For further information, see "Financial Condition and Business Analysis – Regulatory Developments and Rate Matters" included in Item 7, "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," of the Eversource 2023 Form 10-K.

Connecticut:

CL&P Performance-Based Rate Making: On May 26, 2021, in accordance with an October 2020 Connecticut law, PURA opened a proceeding to begin to evaluate and eventually implement performance-based regulation (PBR) for electric distribution companies. PURA is conducting the proceeding in two phases. On January 25, 2023, PURA staff issued a proposal outlining a suggested portfolio of PBR elements for further exploration and potential implementation in the second phase of the proceeding. On April 26, 2023, PURA issued a final decision on the first phase and identified various objectives to guide PBR development and evaluate adoption of a PBR framework. The decision commenced Phase 2 by initiating three reopener dockets focused on revenue adjustment mechanisms, performance metrics and integrated distribution system planning with final decisions expected in 2025.

On November 16, 2023, PURA issued a straw proposal in the first reopener that focused on revenue adjustment mechanisms. The proposal outlines potential additions and reforms to the current revenue adjustment mechanisms, such as multi-year rate plans, earnings sharing mechanisms and the revenue decoupling mechanism. On March 14, 2024, PURA issued a straw proposal in the second reopener docket which concentrates on performance mechanisms in a PBR framework. The proposal suggests the development of performance incentive mechanisms, reported metrics and scorecards. These straw proposals are not authoritative and additional technical sessions, hearings and testimony will continue prior to a final decision, which will not be applied until the time of CL&P’s next distribution rate case.

We continue to monitor developments in this proceeding, and at this time, we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this proceeding and the resulting impact to CL&P.

CL&P Storm Filing: On December 22, 2023, CL&P initiated a docket seeking a prudency review of approximately $634 million of catastrophic storm costs for twenty-four weather events from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021. In the filing, CL&P requested PURA establish a rate to collect $50 million annually from customers from the date of the final decision in this proceeding. On March 1, 2024, PURA declined this request stating that a rate amendment should be conducted as part of a rate case. CL&P re-filed this request but removed the rate aspect and is seeking just the prudency review of the storm costs. On March 28, 2024, PURA established a proceeding for the purpose of receiving and reviewing evidence of the costs reported by CL&P in response to catastrophic storms and pre-staging events occurring between 2018 and 2021. PURA established a partial procedural schedule with hearings scheduled in the third quarter of 2025. Although we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this matter, we continue to believe these deferred storm restoration costs were prudently incurred and are probable of recovery. As a result, management does not expect the storm cost review by PURA to have a material impact on the financial position or results of operations of CL&P.

CL&P Advanced Metering Infrastructure Filing: On July 31, 2020, CL&P submitted to PURA its proposed $512 million Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) investment and implementation plan. On August 17, 2021, PURA issued a Notice of Request for an Amended EDC Advanced Metering Infrastructure Proposal. On November 8, 2021, CL&P submitted an Amended Proposal in response to this request with an updated schedule for the years 2022 through 2028, which included additional information as required by PURA. As required, the plan includes a full deployment of advanced metering functionality and a composite business case in support of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure plan. On January 3, 2024, PURA issued a final decision regarding CL&P’s Advanced Metering Infrastructure investment and implementation plan, which CL&P most recently estimated at $766.4 million for capital costs and operating expenses. In CL&P’s view, the final decision does not provide a
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reasonable path for cost recovery and delays implementation by at least a year during the pendency of the cost recovery proceeding. In addition, the final decision modifies the prudence standard for recovery of costs expended on the project, improperly linking recovery to outcomes not known at the outset of the project. On January 18, 2024, CL&P submitted a motion for reconsideration to PURA asking that the agency modify these aspects of the decision, which PURA subsequently denied on February 14, 2024. On March 6, 2024, CL&P filed written comments citing four major problems associated with PURA’s guidelines for recovery of the costs of AMI implementation, which if not addressed, represent obstacles to AMI implementation in Connecticut. On April 16, 2024, PURA issued a procedural order directing Eversource and inviting all parties and intervenors to submit pre-filed testimony pertaining to AMI by May 14, 2024, and rebuttal testimony by May 29, 2024. A final decision is expected in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Aquarion Water Company of Connecticut Distribution Rate Case: On August 29, 2022, Aquarion Water Company of Connecticut (AWC-CT) filed an application with PURA to amend its existing rate schedules to address an operating revenue deficiency. AWC-CT’s rate application requested approval of rate increases of $27.5 million, an additional $13.6 million, and an additional $8.8 million, effective March 15, 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively. On March 15, 2023, PURA issued a final decision that rejected this request. In this decision, PURA ordered a decrease to total authorized revenues of $4.0 million effective March 15, 2023. The decision allows an authorized regulatory ROE of 8.70 percent. On March 30, 2023, AWC-CT filed an appeal on the decision and requested a stay of the decision with the State of Connecticut Superior Court. On April 5, 2023, the Court temporarily granted AWC-CT’s request to stay and on May 25, 2023 granted a permanent stay of certain orders affecting base rates, which will keep existing rates in place until the appeal is completed. The stay included the condition that AWC-CT place any revenue received from customers above the rates and amounts authorized in the March 15, 2023 decision in a separate, interest bearing account until further order. On March 25, 2024, the State of Connecticut Superior Court issued a decision on the appeal which dismissed nine, remanded back to PURA two, and partially remanded one of AWC-CT’s twelve claims of error in its appeal. On March 28, 2024, AWC-CT filed an appeal of the Connecticut Superior Court decision to the Connecticut Appellate Court and on April 8, 2024, requested the appeal move directly to the Connecticut Supreme Court for review. A ruling on the appeal is pending. On April 18, 2024, PURA initiated a docket in which PURA will address the matters on remand. PURA's final decision is scheduled for July 31, 2024.

Although previous rates continue to remain in effect until PURA issues an updated final order, as a result of the State of Connecticut Superior Court’s decision on the appeal, AWC-CT recorded the impacts of the PURA rate case decision from the effective date of the order on March 15, 2023 through March 31, 2024. The impacts primarily include a reserve recorded for revenues subject to refund as a result of the lower authorized revenues not yet reflected in current rates, offset by a reduction to depreciation expense to reflect lower depreciation rates ordered by PURA in its final decision. These adjustments resulted in an after-tax benefit of $5.2 million recorded in the first quarter of 2024.

Massachusetts:

NSTAR Electric Distribution Rates: NSTAR Electric’s PBR mechanism allows for an annual adjustment to base distribution rates for inflation, exogenous events and future capital additions based on a historical five-year average of total capital additions. On December 26, 2023, the DPU approved a $104.9 million increase to base distribution rates effective January 1, 2024. The base distribution rate increase was comprised of a $50.6 million inflation-based adjustment and a $54.3 million K-bar adjustment for capital additions based on the difference between the historical five-year average of total capital additions and the base capital revenue requirement.

NSTAR Gas Distribution Rates: NSTAR Gas’ PBR mechanism allows for an annual adjustment to base distribution rates for inflation and exogenous events. NSTAR Gas submitted its third annual PBR Adjustment filing on September 15, 2023 and on October 30, 2023, the DPU approved a $25.4 million increase to base distribution rates, of which, $15.5 million was associated with a base rate adjustment and the remainder for a prior period exogenous cost adjustment, for effect on November 1, 2023.

Future of Gas Docket: In October 2020, the DPU opened Docket “DPU 20-80 The Future of Gas” to examine the role of Massachusetts natural gas local distribution companies (LDCs) in helping to meet the state’s 2050 climate goals. In December 2023, the DPU issued an order for this docket. The DPU will consider and, in some cases, require new processes and analysis for traditional natural gas investments, which may require significant changes to the LDC planning process and business models. The DPU intends to put policies and structures in place that would protect customers as Massachusetts works to decarbonize the building sector, which may involve subsequent dockets and regulatory proceedings and potentially recasting the role of LDCs in Massachusetts. The DPU preserved customer choice for energy needs and encouraged further development of decarbonized alternatives, such as the networked geothermal systems that NSTAR Gas is piloting in Framingham, Massachusetts. On December 29, 2023, Eversource and other LDCs sought formal clarity from the DPU to fully understand the resulting impact to their natural gas businesses and the associated timing of any impacts. On April 2, 2024, the DPU issued an order responding to the request for clarification indicating that the LDCs shall implement the inclusion of a Non-Gas Pipeline Alternatives (NPA) analysis on all project authorizations effective immediately. Existing NPA analysis processes will be used until such time a formal stakeholder-based NPA analysis framework is established and approved by the DPU. The DPU also indicated that NSTAR Gas and EGMA are not required to provide climate compliance performance metrics in the next PBR filing, however would be expected to propose metrics at the latest in the next base distribution rate proceeding. Greenhouse gas emissions reporting was not changed from the order. Eversource does not believe there is any indication of an inability to recover costs or risk of impairment of NSTAR Gas’ and EGMA’s natural gas assets at this time.

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Legislative and Policy Matters:

Federal: On April 10, 2024, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced the final regulation setting drinking water standards for six per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) compounds. The regulation requires compliance under a phased approach in which systems will need to complete the initial monitoring requirements for each PFAS within three years, and when warranted, take steps to assure compliance within five years. Beginning in 2027, systems will need to report results of initial monitoring and regular monitoring and issue public notifications for any monitoring and reporting violations. Starting in 2029, systems must comply with all maximum contaminant levels (MCL) and provide public notification for MCL violations. Eversource is currently evaluating the impacts to comply with the regulation for its water business.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions and, at times, difficult, subjective or complex judgments.  Changes in these estimates, assumptions and judgments, in and of themselves, could materially impact our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.  Our management discusses with the Audit Committee of our Board of Trustees significant matters relating to critical accounting policies.  Our critical accounting policies that we believed were the most critical in nature were reported in the Eversource 2023 Form 10-K.  There have been no material changes with regard to these critical accounting policies.

Other Matters

Web Site:  Additional financial information is available through our website at www.eversource.com.  We make available through our website a link to the SEC's EDGAR website (http://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedgar/companysearch.html), at which site Eversource's, CL&P's, NSTAR Electric's and PSNH's combined Annual Reports on Form 10-K, combined Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports may be reviewed.  Information contained on the Company's website or that can be accessed through the website is not incorporated into and does not constitute a part of this combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – EVERSOURCE ENERGY AND SUBSIDIARIES

The following provides the amounts and variances in operating revenues and expense line items in the statements of income for Eversource for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 included in this combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:  

For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(Millions of Dollars)20242023Increase/(Decrease)
Operating Revenues$3,332.6 $3,795.6 $(463.0)
Operating Expenses:   
Purchased Power, Purchased Natural Gas and Transmission1,236.0 1,903.2 (667.2)
Operations and Maintenance463.0 454.6 8.4 
Depreciation339.9 313.0 26.9 
Amortization(2.3)(76.1)73.8 
Energy Efficiency Programs213.4 222.9 (9.5)
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes236.6 228.4 8.2 
Total Operating Expenses2,486.6 3,046.0 (559.4)
Operating Income846.0 749.6 96.4 
Interest Expense250.8 194.5 56.3 
Other Income, Net91.0 89.0 2.0 
Income Before Income Tax Expense686.2 644.1 42.1 
Income Tax Expense162.5 151.0 11.5 
Net Income523.7 493.1 30.6 
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests1.9 1.9 — 
Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders$521.8 $491.2 $30.6 

Operating Revenues
Sales Volumes: A summary of our retail electric GWh sales volumes, our firm natural gas MMcf sales volumes, and our water MG sales volumes, and percentage changes, is as follows: 
ElectricFirm Natural GasWater
 Sales Volumes (GWh)Percentage
Increase
Sales Volumes (MMcf)Percentage
Increase
Sales Volumes (MG)Percentage
Increase
Three Months Ended March 31:202420232024202320242023
Traditional1,948 1,900 2.5 %— — — %344 313 9.9 %
Decoupled10,587 10,298 2.8 %61,535 59,783 2.9 %4,807 4,592 4.7 %
Total Sales Volumes12,535 12,198 2.8 %61,535 59,783 2.9 %5,151 4,905 5.0 %

Weather, fluctuations in energy supply rates, conservation measures (including utility-sponsored energy efficiency programs), and economic conditions affect customer energy usage and water consumption.  Industrial sales volumes are less sensitive to temperature variations than residential and commercial sales volumes.  In our service territories, weather impacts both electric and water sales volumes during the summer and both electric and natural gas sales volumes during the winter; however, natural gas sales volumes are more sensitive to temperature variations than electric sales volumes.  Customer heating or cooling usage may not directly correlate with historical levels or with the level of degree-days that occur.

Fluctuations in retail electric sales volumes at PSNH impact earnings ("Traditional" in the table above).  For CL&P, NSTAR Electric, NSTAR Gas, EGMA, Yankee Gas, and our Connecticut water distribution business, fluctuations in retail sales volumes do not materially impact earnings due to their respective regulatory commission-approved distribution revenue decoupling mechanisms ("Decoupled" in the table above).  These distribution revenues are decoupled from their customer sales volumes, which breaks the relationship between sales volumes and revenues recognized.

Operating Revenues: The variance in Operating Revenues by segment is as follows:
(Millions of Dollars)Three Months Ended
Electric Distribution$(326.9)
Natural Gas Distribution(139.2)
Electric Transmission49.2 
Water Distribution(0.2)
Other29.8 
Eliminations(75.7)
Total Operating Revenues$(463.0)
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Electric and Natural Gas Distribution Revenues:
Base Distribution Revenues:
Base electric distribution revenues increased $28.0 million for the three month period due primarily to a base distribution rate increase at NSTAR Electric effective January 1, 2024.
Base natural gas distribution revenues increased $9.6 million for the three month period due primarily to a base distribution rate increase at NSTAR Gas effective November 1, 2023.

Tracked Distribution Revenues: Tracked distribution revenues consist of certain costs that are recovered from customers in retail rates through regulatory commission-approved cost tracking mechanisms and therefore, recovery of these costs has no impact on earnings.  Revenues from certain of these cost tracking mechanisms also include certain incentives earned, return on capital tracking mechanisms, and carrying charges that are billed in rates to customers, which do impact earnings. Costs recovered through cost tracking mechanisms include, among others, energy supply and natural gas supply procurement and other energy-related costs, electric retail transmission charges, energy efficiency program costs, electric restructuring and stranded cost recovery revenues (including securitized RRB charges), certain capital tracking mechanisms for infrastructure improvements, and additionally for the Massachusetts utilities, pension and PBOP benefits, net metering for distributed generation, and solar-related programs. Tracked revenues also include wholesale market sales transactions, such as sales of energy and energy-related products into the ISO-NE wholesale electricity market, sales of natural gas to third party marketers, and the sale of RECs to various counterparties.

Customers have the choice to purchase electricity from their Eversource electric utility or from a competitive third party supplier. For customers who have contracted separately with these competitive suppliers, revenue is not recorded for the sale of the electricity commodity, as the utility is acting as an agent on behalf of the third party supplier. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation from CL&P, NSTAR Electric or PSNH, each utility purchases power on behalf of, and is permitted to recover the related energy supply cost without mark-up from, its customers, and records offsetting amounts in revenues and purchased power related to this energy supply procurement. CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH each remain as the distribution service provider for all customers and charge a regulated rate for distribution delivery service recorded in revenues. Certain eligible natural gas customers may elect to purchase natural gas from their Eversource natural gas utility or may contract separately with a gas supply operator. Revenue is not recorded for the sale of the natural gas commodity to customers who have contracted separately with these operators, only the delivery to a customer, as the utility is acting as an agent on behalf of the gas supply operator.

The variance in tracked distribution revenues for the three month period is due primarily to the following:
Electric DistributionNatural Gas Distribution
(Millions of Dollars)Three Months EndedThree Months Ended
Retail Tariff Tracked Revenues:
Energy supply procurement$(514.0)$(166.4)
CL&P FMCC77.7 — 
Retail transmission47.2 — 
Other distribution tracking mechanisms83.8 9.3 
Wholesale Market Sales Revenue(52.0)9.1 

The decrease in energy supply procurement within electric distribution for the three month period was driven by lower average prices and lower average supply-related sales volumes. The decrease in energy supply procurement within natural gas distribution for the three month period was driven by lower average prices, partially offset by higher average supply-related sales volumes. Fluctuations in retail transmission revenues are driven by the recovery of the costs of our wholesale transmission business, such as those billed by ISO-NE and Local and Regional Network Service charges. For further information, see "Purchased Power, Purchased Natural Gas and Transmission” expense below.

The increase in CL&P’s FMCC revenues was driven by an increase in the retail Non-Bypassable Federally Mandated Congestion Charge (NBFMCC) rate. The CL&P NBFMCC rate includes the recovery of costs incurred under long-term state approved energy contracts with the Millstone and Seabrook nuclear power plants, net of the benefits received from selling this energy into the ISO-NE wholesale market. Effective January 1, 2023, CL&P reduced the average NBFMCC rate to a credit of $0.01524 per kWh. The rate reduction returned to customers the net benefits of higher wholesale market sales received in the ISO-NE market for these energy contracts. Effective July 1, 2023, the average NBFMCC rate changed to $0.00000 per kWh. As a result of the 2023 CL&P RAM decision, the average NBFMCC rate changed to $0.00293 per kWh effective September 1, 2023.

The decrease in electric distribution wholesale market sales revenue for the three month period was due primarily to lower average electricity market prices received for wholesale sales at CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH. ISO-NE average market prices received for CL&P’s wholesale sales decreased to an average price of $39.65 per MWh for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $48.95 per MWh for the same period in 2023, driven primarily by lower natural gas prices in New England. Volumes sold into the market were primarily from the sale of output generated by the Millstone PPA and Seabrook PPA that CL&P entered into in 2019, as required by regulation. CL&P sells the energy purchased from Millstone and Seabrook into the wholesale market and uses the proceeds from the energy sales to offset the contract costs. The net sales or net cost amount is refunded to, or recovered from, customers in the non-bypassable component of the CL&P FMCC rate.

Electric Transmission Revenues:  Electric transmission revenues increased $49.2 million for the three month period due primarily to a higher transmission rate base as a result of our continued investment in our transmission infrastructure.

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Other Revenues and Eliminations: Other revenues primarily include the revenues of Eversource's service company, most of which are eliminated in consolidation. Eliminations are also primarily related to the Eversource electric transmission revenues that are derived from ISO-NE regional transmission charges to the distribution businesses of CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH that recover the costs of the wholesale transmission business in rates charged to their customers.

Purchased Power, Purchased Natural Gas and Transmission expense includes costs associated with providing electric generation service supply and natural gas to all customers who have not migrated to third party suppliers, the cost of energy purchase contracts entered into as required by regulation, and transmission costs.  These electric and natural gas supply procurement costs, other energy-related costs, and transmission costs are recovered from customers in rates through commission-approved cost tracking mechanisms, which have no impact on earnings (tracked costs).  The variance in Purchased Power, Purchased Natural Gas and Transmission expense is due primarily to the following:
(Millions of Dollars)Three Months Ended
Energy supply procurement costs$(514.3)
Other electric distribution costs11.8 
Natural gas supply costs(153.4)
Transmission costs34.5 
Eliminations(45.8)
Total Purchased Power, Purchased Natural Gas and Transmission$(667.2)

The variance in energy supply procurement costs is offset in Operating Revenues (tracked energy supply procurement revenues). The variance in other electric distribution costs for the three month period was primarily the result of higher net metering costs at NSTAR Electric, partially offset by a decrease in long-term renewable energy purchase contract costs at PSNH.

Costs at the natural gas distribution segment relate to supply procurement costs for retail customers. Total natural gas costs decreased for the three month period due primarily to a decrease in the retail cost deferral and lower average prices, partially offset by higher average purchased volumes.

The increase in transmission costs for the three month period was primarily the result of an increase in Local Network Service charges, which reflect the cost of transmission service provided by Eversource over our local transmission network, an increase in the retail transmission cost deferral, which reflects the actual cost of transmission service compared to estimated amounts billed to customers, and an increase in costs billed by ISO-NE that support regional grid investments.

Operations and Maintenance expense includes tracked costs and costs that are part of base electric, natural gas and water distribution rates with changes impacting earnings (non-tracked costs).  The variance in Operations and Maintenance expense is due primarily to the following:
(Millions of Dollars)Three Months Ended
Base Electric Distribution (Non-Tracked Costs):
Vegetation management$3.7 
General costs (including vendor services in corporate areas, uncollectible expense, insurance, fees and assessments)3.0 
Shared corporate costs (including IT system depreciation at Eversource Service)2.6 
Employee-related expenses (including labor and benefits)(0.8)
Total Base Electric Distribution (Non-Tracked Costs)8.5 
Tracked Electric Costs (Electric Distribution and Electric Transmission) - Increase due primarily to higher transmission expense26.5 
Total Electric Distribution and Electric Transmission35.0 
Natural Gas Distribution:
Base (Non-Tracked Costs) - Decrease due primarily to lower employee-related expenses and lower uncollectible expenses(11.1)
Tracked Costs0.3 
Total Natural Gas Distribution(10.8)
Water Distribution3.5 
Eversource Parent and Other Companies - other operations and maintenance9.9 
Eliminations(29.2)
Total Operations and Maintenance$8.4 

Depreciation expense increased for the three month period due primarily to higher net plant in service balances.

Amortization expense includes the deferral of energy-related costs and other costs that are included in certain regulatory commission-approved cost tracking mechanisms. This deferral adjusts expense to match the corresponding revenues compared to the actual costs incurred. These costs are recovered from customers in rates and have no impact on earnings. Amortization expense also includes the amortization of certain costs as those costs are collected in rates.

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The variance in Amortization for the three month period is due primarily to the deferral adjustment of energy-related and other tracked costs at CL&P (included in the non-bypassable component of the FMCC mechanism), NSTAR Electric and PSNH, which can fluctuate from period to period based on the timing of costs incurred and related rate changes to recover these costs. The CL&P non-bypassable FMCC retail rate increased in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to the first quarter of 2023, and the higher collections lowered the regulatory under-recovery deferral adjustment recorded in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the deferral adjustment in the first quarter of 2023, resulting in an increase to amortization expense of $53.1 million. Amortization expense also increased at NSTAR Electric as a result of an increase in storm costs recovered in rates.

Energy Efficiency Programs expense includes costs of various state energy policy initiatives and expanded energy efficiency programs that are recovered from customers in rates, most of which have no impact on earnings. Energy Efficiency Programs expense includes a deferral adjustment that reflects the actual costs of energy efficiency programs compared to the amounts billed to customers, which can fluctuate from period to period based on the timing of costs incurred and related rate changes to recover these costs. Energy Efficiency Programs expense decreased for the three month period due primarily to the deferral adjustment, partially offset by higher program spending.

Taxes Other Than Income Taxes expense increased for the three month period due primarily to higher property taxes as a result of higher assessments and higher utility plant balances, partially offset by lower Connecticut gross earnings taxes.

Interest Expense increased for the three month period due primarily to an increase in interest on long-term debt as a result of new debt issuances ($55.5 million), higher interest on short-term notes payable due to increased borrowings ($8.1 million), and an increase in interest expense on regulatory deferrals ($4.1 million), partially offset by an increase in capitalized AFUDC related to debt funds and other capitalized interest ($15.2 million).

Other Income, Net increased for the three month period due primarily to an increase in capitalized AFUDC related to equity funds ($11.3 million), an increase in interest income primarily from regulatory deferrals ($6.9 million), an increase in equity in earnings related to Eversource's equity method investments ($4.0 million), and a decrease in investment losses driven by market volatility ($0.9 million), partially offset by a decrease related to pension, SERP and PBOP non-service income components ($7.0 million). Other Income, Net also decreased for the three month period due to the absence in 2024 of a benefit in the first quarter of 2023 from the liquidation of Eversource’s equity method investment in a renewable energy fund in excess of its carrying value, partially offset by a charitable contribution made with a portion of the proceeds from the liquidation in the first quarter of 2023.

Income Tax Expense increased for the three month period due primarily to higher pre-tax earnings ($8.9 million), higher state taxes ($6.6 million), a decrease in amortization of EDIT ($4.6 million), and a higher share-based payment tax deficiency ($1.8 million), partially offset by a decrease in items that impact our tax rate as a result of regulatory treatment (flow-through items) and permanent differences ($10.4 million).

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS –
THE CONNECTICUT LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY
NSTAR ELECTRIC COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARY
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AND SUBSIDIARIES

The following provides the amounts and variances in operating revenues and expense line items in the statements of income for CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 included in this combined Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
CL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNH
(Millions of Dollars)20242023Increase/
(Decrease)
20242023Increase/
(Decrease)
20242023Increase/
(Decrease)
Operating Revenues$1,121.3 $1,338.9 $(217.6)$947.6 $956.3 $(8.7)$326.1 $420.2 $(94.1)
Operating Expenses:     
Purchased Power and Transmission566.0 850.6 (284.6)273.3 360.9 (87.6)87.9 226.7 (138.8)
Operations and Maintenance186.8 160.3 26.5 173.7 166.1 7.6 68.7 67.8 0.9 
Depreciation98.4 92.2 6.2 96.9 90.5 6.4 37.4 34.1 3.3 
Amortization of Regulatory
  (Liabilities)/Assets, Net
(91.7)(122.3)30.6 48.4 22.8 25.6 21.3 (5.3)26.6 
Energy Efficiency Programs35.6 32.6 3.0 82.3 86.2 (3.9)11.2 10.2 1.0 
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes103.8 101.6 2.2 60.0 53.5 6.5 23.3 22.1 1.2 
Total Operating Expenses898.9 1,115.0 (216.1)734.6 780.0 (45.4)249.8 355.6 (105.8)
Operating Income222.4 223.9 (1.5)213.0 176.3 36.7 76.3 64.6 11.7 
Interest Expense54.8 45.2 9.6 49.4 44.9 4.5 19.2 17.5 1.7 
Other Income, Net16.5 14.9 1.6 47.1 39.9 7.2 7.1 5.7 1.4 
Income Before Income Tax Expense184.1 193.6 (9.5)210.7 171.3 39.4 64.2 52.8 11.4 
Income Tax Expense45.7 45.2 0.5 50.7 37.5 13.2 15.8 12.5 3.3 
Net Income$138.4 $148.4 $(10.0)$160.0 $133.8 $26.2 $48.4 $40.3 $8.1 

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Operating Revenues
Sales Volumes: A summary of our retail electric GWh sales volumes is as follows:
 For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 20242023Percentage Increase
CL&P 5,001 4,802 4.1 %
NSTAR Electric5,586 5,496 1.6 %
PSNH1,948 1,900 2.5 %

Fluctuations in retail electric sales volumes at PSNH impact earnings.  For CL&P and NSTAR Electric, fluctuations in retail electric sales volumes do not impact earnings due to their respective regulatory commission-approved distribution revenue decoupling mechanisms.

Operating Revenues: Operating Revenues, which consist of base distribution revenues and tracked revenues further described below, decreased $217.6 million at CL&P, $8.7 million at NSTAR Electric, and $94.1 million at PSNH for the three month period.

Base Distribution Revenues:
CL&P's distribution revenues were flat.
NSTAR Electric's distribution revenues increased $26.0 million for the three month period due primarily to a base distribution rate increase effective January 1, 2024.
PSNH's distribution revenues increased $2.0 million for the three month period due primarily to an increase in sales volumes in 2024 compared to 2023.

Tracked Distribution Revenues: Tracked distribution revenues consist of certain costs that are recovered from customers in retail rates through regulatory commission-approved cost tracking mechanisms and therefore, recovery of these costs has no impact on earnings.  Revenues from certain of these cost tracking mechanisms also include certain incentives earned, return on capital tracking mechanisms, and carrying charges that are billed in rates to customers, which do impact earnings. Costs recovered through cost tracking mechanisms include, among others, energy supply procurement and other energy-related costs, retail transmission charges, energy efficiency program costs, electric restructuring and stranded cost recovery revenues (including securitized RRB charges), certain capital tracking mechanisms for infrastructure improvements, and additionally for NSTAR Electric, pension and PBOP benefits, net metering for distributed generation, and solar-related programs. Tracked revenues also include wholesale market sales transactions, such as sales of energy and energy-related products into the ISO-NE wholesale electricity market and the sale of RECs to various counterparties.

Customers have the choice to purchase electricity from their Eversource electric utility or from a competitive third party supplier. For customers who have contracted separately with these competitive suppliers, revenue is not recorded for the sale of the electricity commodity, as the utility is acting as an agent on behalf of the third party supplier. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation from CL&P, NSTAR Electric or PSNH, each utility purchases power on behalf of, and is permitted to recover the related energy supply cost without mark-up from, its customers, and records offsetting amounts in revenues and purchased power related to this energy supply procurement. CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH each remain as the distribution service provider for all customers and charge a regulated rate for distribution delivery service recorded in revenues.

The variance in tracked distribution revenues for the three month period is due primarily to the following:
(Millions of Dollars)CL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNH
Retail Tariff Tracked Revenues:
Energy supply procurement$(279.6)$(112.2)$(122.2)
CL&P FMCC77.7 — — 
Retail transmission24.4 11.7 11.1 
Other distribution tracking mechanisms(2.9)70.4 16.3 
Wholesale Market Sales Revenue(33.4)(9.5)(9.1)

The decrease in energy supply procurement at CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH for the three month period was driven by lower average prices and lower average supply-related sales volumes. Fluctuations in retail transmission revenues are driven by the recovery of the costs of our wholesale transmission business, such as those billed by ISO-NE and Local and Regional Network Service charges. For further information, see "Purchased Power and Transmission” expense below.

The increase in CL&P’s FMCC revenues was driven by an increase in the retail Non-Bypassable Federally Mandated Congestion Charge (NBFMCC) rate. The CL&P NBFMCC rate includes the recovery of costs incurred under long-term state approved energy contracts with the Millstone and Seabrook nuclear power plants, net of the benefits received from selling this energy into the ISO-NE wholesale market. Effective January 1, 2023, CL&P reduced the average NBFMCC rate to a credit of $0.01524 per kWh. The rate reduction returned to customers the net benefits of higher wholesale market sales received in the ISO-NE market for these energy contracts. Effective July 1, 2023, the average NBFMCC rate changed to $0.00000 per kWh. As a result of the 2023 CL&P RAM decision, the average NBFMCC rate changed to $0.00293 per kWh effective September 1, 2023.

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The decrease in wholesale market sales revenue for the three month period was due primarily to lower average electricity market prices received for wholesale sales at CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH. ISO-NE average market prices received for CL&P’s wholesale sales decreased to an average price of $39.65 per MWh for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $48.95 per MWh for the same period in 2023, driven primarily by lower natural gas prices in New England. CL&P’s volumes sold into the market were primarily from the sale of output generated by the Millstone PPA and Seabrook PPA that CL&P entered into in 2019, as required by regulation. CL&P sells the energy purchased from Millstone and Seabrook into the wholesale market and uses the proceeds from the energy sales to offset the contract costs. The net sales or net cost amount is refunded to, or recovered from, customers in the non-bypassable component of the CL&P FMCC rate.

Transmission Revenues: Transmission revenues increased $16.1 million at CL&P, $22.7 million at NSTAR Electric, and $10.4 million at PSNH for the three month period, due primarily to a higher transmission rate base as a result of our continued investment in our transmission infrastructure.

Eliminations: Eliminations are primarily related to the Eversource electric transmission revenues that are derived from ISO-NE regional transmission charges to the distribution businesses of CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH that recover the costs of the wholesale transmission business in rates charged to their customers. The impact of eliminations decreased revenues by $20.1 million at CL&P, $18.2 million at NSTAR Electric, and $4.7 million at PSNH for the three month period.

Purchased Power and Transmission expense includes costs associated with providing electric generation service supply to all customers who have not migrated to third party suppliers, the cost of energy purchase contracts entered into as required by regulation, and transmission costs. These energy supply procurement costs, other energy-related costs, and transmission costs are recovered from customers in rates through commission-approved cost tracking mechanisms, which have no impact on earnings (tracked costs). The variance in Purchased Power and Transmission expense is due primarily to the following:
(Millions of Dollars)CL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNH
Energy supply procurement costs$(280.1)$(112.7)$(121.5)
Other electric distribution costs— 31.6 (19.8)
Transmission costs15.6 11.7 7.2 
Eliminations(20.1)(18.2)(4.7)
Total Purchased Power and Transmission$(284.6)$(87.6)$(138.8)

The variance in energy supply procurement costs is offset in Operating Revenues (tracked energy supply procurement revenues). The variance in other electric distribution costs at NSTAR Electric is due to an increase in net metering costs and the variance at PSNH is due primarily to a decrease in long-term renewable energy purchase contract costs.

Included in transmission costs are charges that recover the cost of transporting electricity over high-voltage lines from generation facilities to substations, including costs allocated by ISO-NE to maintain the wholesale electric market.

The increase in transmission costs at CL&P and PSNH was due primarily to an increase in Local Network Service charges, which reflect the cost of transmission service provided by Eversource over our local transmission network, an increase resulting from the retail transmission cost deferral, which reflects the actual costs of transmission service compared to estimated amounts billed to customers, and an increase in costs billed by ISO-NE that support regional grid investments.
The increase in transmission costs at NSTAR Electric was due primarily to an increase in Local Network Service charges and an increase resulting from the retail transmission cost deferral. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in costs billed by ISO-NE.

Operations and Maintenance expense includes tracked costs and costs that are part of base distribution rates with changes impacting earnings (non-tracked costs).  The variance in Operations and Maintenance expense is due primarily to the following:
(Millions of Dollars)CL&PNSTAR ElectricPSNH
Base Electric Distribution (Non-Tracked Costs): 
Vegetation management$6.8 $(1.9)$(1.2)
Storm costs2.2 0.8 (2.9)
Employee-related expenses (including labor and benefits)2.0 (2.7)(0.1)
General costs (including vendor services in corporate areas, uncollectible expense, insurance, fees and assessments)1.9 0.5 0.5 
Shared corporate costs (including IT system depreciation at Eversource Service)1.3 0.9 0.4 
Total Base Electric Distribution (Non-Tracked Costs)14.2 (2.4)(3.3)
Total Tracked Costs - Increase due primarily to higher transmission expense12.310.04.2
Total Operations and Maintenance$26.5 $7.6 $0.9 

Depreciation expense increased for the three month period for CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH due to higher net plant in service balances.

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Amortization of Regulatory (Liabilities)/Assets, Net expense includes the deferral of energy-related costs and other costs that are included in certain regulatory commission-approved cost tracking mechanisms. This deferral adjusts expense to match the corresponding revenues compared to the actual costs incurred. These costs are recovered from customers in rates and have no impact on earnings. Amortization expense also includes the amortization of certain costs as those costs are collected in rates. The variance in Amortization of Regulatory (Liabilities)/Assets, Net for the three month period is due primarily to the following:

The variance at CL&P was due primarily to the deferral adjustment of energy-related and other tracked costs that are included in the non-bypassable component of the FMCC mechanism, which can fluctuate from period to period based on the timing of costs incurred and related rate changes to recover these costs. The CL&P non-bypassable FMCC retail rate increased in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to the first quarter of 2023, and the higher collections lowered the regulatory under-recovery deferral adjustment recorded in the first quarter of 2024 as compared to the deferral adjustment in the first quarter of 2023, resulting in an increase to amortization expense of $53.1 million.
The increase in expense at NSTAR Electric was due to the deferral adjustment of energy-related and other tracked costs that are included in the transition and solar facilities regulatory mechanisms, and higher amortization of storm costs recovered in rates.
The increase in expense at PSNH was due to the deferral adjustment of energy-related and other tracked costs that are included in the stranded cost recovery charge regulatory mechanism.

Energy Efficiency Programs expense includes costs of various state energy policy initiatives and expanded energy efficiency programs that are recovered from customers in rates, most of which have no impact on earnings. Energy Efficiency Programs expense includes a deferral adjustment that reflects the actual costs of energy efficiency programs compared to the amounts billed to customers, which can fluctuate from period to period based on the timing of costs incurred and related rate changes to recover these costs. The variance in Energy Efficiency Programs expense for the three month period is due primarily to the following:

The increase at CL&P was due to the deferral adjustment, partially offset by lower program spending.
The decrease at NSTAR Electric was due to the deferral adjustment, partially offset by higher program spending.
The increase at PSNH was due to higher program spending, partially offset by the deferral adjustment.

Taxes Other Than Income Taxes - the variance is due primarily to the following:

The increase at CL&P was due primarily to higher property taxes as a result of higher utility plant balances.
The increase at NSTAR Electric was due primarily to higher property taxes as a result of higher assessments and higher utility plant balances.
The increase at PSNH was due primarily to higher property taxes as a result of higher utility plant balances, partially offset by lower mill rates.

Interest Expense - the variance is due primarily to the following:

The increase at CL&P was due to higher interest on long-term debt as a result of new debt issuances ($7.0 million), higher interest on short-term notes payable due to increased borrowings ($3.5 million), and higher amortization of debt discounts and premiums, net ($0.2 million), partially offset by an increase in capitalized AFUDC related to debt funds ($0.6 million) and a decrease in interest expense on regulatory deferrals ($0.4 million).
The increase at NSTAR Electric was due to higher interest on short-term notes payable due to increased borrowings ($5.2 million), an increase in interest expense on regulatory deferrals ($3.3 million) and higher interest on long-term debt as a result of a new debt issuance ($1.3 million), partially offset by an increase in capitalized AFUDC related to debt funds ($5.4 million).
The increase at PSNH was due to higher interest on short-term notes payable ($2.8 million) and higher interest on long-term debt due to higher interest rates ($1.6 million), partially offset by an increase in capitalized AFUDC related to debt funds ($1.7 million), a decrease in interest expense on regulatory deferrals ($0.7 million), a decrease in RRB interest expense ($0.3 million) and lower amortization of debt discounts and premiums, net ($0.2 million).

Other Income, Net - the variance is due primarily to the following:

The increase at CL&P was due primarily to an increase in interest income primarily on regulatory deferrals ($2.8 million) and an increase in capitalized AFUDC related to equity funds ($1.9 million), partially offset by a decrease related to pension, SERP and PBOP non-service income components ($3.0 million).
The increase at NSTAR Electric was due primarily to an increase in capitalized AFUDC related to equity funds ($6.7 million), an increase in interest income primarily on regulatory deferrals ($2.0 million) and investment income in 2024 compared to investment loss in 2023 driven by market volatility ($0.9 million), partially offset by a decrease related to pension, SERP and PBOP non-service income components ($2.4 million).
The increase at PSNH was due primarily to an increase in capitalized AFUDC related to equity funds ($1.2 million) and an increase in interest income primarily on regulatory deferrals ($0.9 million), partially offset by a decrease related to pension, SERP and PBOP non-service income components ($0.6 million).

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Income Tax Expense - the variance is due primarily to the following:

The increase at CL&P was due primarily to a higher share-based payment tax deficiency ($0.6 million), a decrease in amortization of EDIT ($0.3 million), higher state taxes ($0.1 million), and an increase in items that impact our tax rate as a result of regulatory treatment (flow-through items) and permanent differences ($1.5 million), partially offset by lower pre-tax earnings ($2.0 million).
The increase at NSTAR Electric was due primarily to higher pre-tax earnings ($8.3 million), higher state taxes ($2.2 million), a higher share-based payment tax deficiency ($0.6 million), and a decrease in amortization of EDIT ($3.5 million), partially offset by a decrease in items that impact our tax rate as a result of regulatory treatment (flow-through items) and permanent differences ($1.4 million).
The increase at PSNH was due primarily to higher pre-tax earnings ($2.4 million), higher state taxes ($0.6 million), and a decrease in amortization of EDIT ($0.5 million), partially offset by a decrease in items that impact our tax rate as a result of regulatory treatment (flow-through items) and permanent differences ($0.2 million).
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
EARNINGS SUMMARY

CL&P's earnings decreased $10.0 million for the three month period due primarily to higher operations and maintenance expense, higher interest expense, and higher depreciation expense, partially offset by higher earnings from its capital tracking mechanism due to increased electric system improvements and an increase in transmission earnings driven by a higher transmission rate base.

NSTAR Electric's earnings increased $26.2 million for the three month period due primarily to higher revenues as a result of the base distribution rate increase effective January 1, 2024, an increase in transmission earnings driven by a higher transmission rate base, an increase in interest income primarily on regulatory deferrals, and lower operations and maintenance expense. The earnings increase was partially offset by higher interest expense, higher property tax expense, and higher depreciation expense.

PSNH's earnings increased $8.1 million for the three month period due primarily to an increase in transmission earnings driven by a higher transmission rate base, lower operations and maintenance expense, and higher sales volumes. The earnings increase was partially offset by higher depreciation expense and higher interest expense.

LIQUIDITY

Cash Flows: CL&P had cash flows used in operating activities of $26.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $73.6 million in the same period of 2023. The improvement in operating cash flows was due primarily to the timing of cash payments made on our accounts payable and a decrease in regulatory under-recoveries driven primarily by the timing of collections for the non-bypassable FMCC and other regulatory tracking mechanisms. The CL&P non-bypassable FMCC retail rate increased in the first quarter of 2024, as compared to the first quarter of 2023, which lowered the regulatory under-recovery deferral adjustment and resulted in an improvement to operating cash flows of $53.1 million. The impacts of regulatory collections are included in both Regulatory Recoveries and Amortization of Regulatory Liabilities, Net on the statements of cash flows. These favorable impacts were partially offset by the timing of other working capital items, an $11.8 million increase in cash payments to vendors for storm costs, a $4.7 million increase in cost of removal expenditures, the timing of cash collections on our accounts receivable, and a $3.0 million decrease in income tax refunds received in 2024 compared to 2023.

NSTAR Electric had cash flows provided by operating activities of $152.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to $140.8 million in the same period of 2023. The increase in operating cash flows was due primarily to a decrease in regulatory under-recoveries driven by the timing of collections for regulatory tracking mechanisms including net metering and energy efficiency costs, the timing of cash collections on our accounts receivable, and the timing of other working capital items. The impacts of regulatory collections are included in both Regulatory Recoveries and Amortization of Regulatory Assets, Net on the statements of cash flows. These favorable impacts were partially offset by a $43.8 million increase in cash payments to vendors for storm costs, a $39.4 million decrease in operating cash flows due to income tax payments made in 2024 compared to income tax refunds received in 2023, and the timing of cash payments made on our accounts payable.

PSNH had cash flows provided by operating activities of $51.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to cash flows used in operating activities of $72.9 million in the same period of 2023.  The increase in operating cash flows was due primarily to a decrease in regulatory under-recoveries driven by the timing of collections for regulatory tracking mechanisms including energy supply and stranded costs, the timing of cash collections on our accounts receivable, and a $12.9 million decrease in cash payments to vendors for storm costs. The impacts of regulatory collections are included in both Regulatory Recoveries and Amortization of Regulatory Assets/(Liabilities), Net on the statements of cash flows. These favorable impacts were partially offset by the timing of cash payments made on our accounts payable, an $11.7 million decrease in income tax refunds received in 2024 compared to 2023, and an $8.0 million increase in cost of removal expenditures.

For further information on CL&P's, NSTAR Electric's and PSNH's liquidity and capital resources, see "Liquidity" and "Business Development and Capital Expenditures" included in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

ITEM 3.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risk Information

Commodity Price Risk Management:  Our regulated companies enter into energy contracts to serve our customers, and the economic impacts of those contracts are passed on to our customers. Accordingly, the regulated companies have no exposure to loss of future earnings or fair values due to these market risk-sensitive instruments.  Eversource's Energy Supply Risk Committee, comprised of senior officers, reviews and approves all large-scale energy related transactions entered into by its regulated companies.
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Other Risk Management Activities

Interest Rate Risk Management:  Interest rate risk is associated with changes in interest rates for our outstanding long-term debt. Our interest rate risk is significantly reduced as typically all or most of our debt financings have fixed interest rates. As of March 31, 2024, all of our long-term debt was at a fixed interest rate.

Credit Risk Management:  Credit risk relates to the risk of loss that we would incur as a result of non-performance by counterparties pursuant to the terms of our contractual obligations.  We serve a wide variety of customers and transact with suppliers that include IPPs, industrial companies, natural gas and electric utilities, oil and natural gas producers, financial institutions, and other energy marketers.  Margin accounts exist within this diverse group, and we realize interest receipts and payments related to balances outstanding in these margin accounts.  This wide customer and supplier mix generates a need for a variety of contractual structures, products and terms that, in turn, require us to manage the portfolio of market risk inherent in those transactions in a manner consistent with the parameters established by our risk management process.

Our regulated companies are subject to credit risk from certain long-term or high-volume supply contracts with energy marketing companies.  Our regulated companies manage the credit risk with these counterparties in accordance with established credit risk practices and monitor contracting risks, including credit risk.  As of March 31, 2024, our regulated companies held collateral (letters of credit or cash) of $10.0 million from counterparties related to our standard service contracts.  As of March 31, 2024, Eversource had $29.1 million of cash posted with ISO-NE related to energy transactions.

We have provided additional disclosures regarding interest rate risk management and credit risk management in Part II, Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk," in Eversource's 2023 Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. There have been no additional risks identified and no material changes with regard to the items previously disclosed in the Eversource 2023 Form 10-K.

ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Management, on behalf of Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH, evaluated the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2024 to determine whether they are effective in ensuring that the disclosure of required information is made timely and in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations of the SEC.  This evaluation was made under management's supervision and with management's participation, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.  There are inherent limitations of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumventing or overriding of the controls and procedures.  Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.  The principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based on their review, that the disclosure controls and procedures of Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (i) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and regulations and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

There have been no changes in internal controls over financial reporting for Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric and PSNH during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are parties to various legal proceedings.  We have disclosed certain legal proceedings in Part I, Item 3, "Legal Proceedings," and elsewhere in our 2023 Form 10-K.  These disclosures are incorporated herein by reference.  There have been no material legal proceedings identified and no material changes with regard to the legal proceedings previously disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

We are subject to a variety of significant risks in addition to the matters set forth under our forward-looking statements section in Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We have identified a number of these risk factors in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors," in our 2023 Form 10-K, which risk factors are incorporated herein by reference. These risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating our risk profile. There have been no additional risk factors identified and no material changes with regard to the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K.

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ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table discloses purchases of our common shares made by us or on our behalf for the periods shown below.  The common shares purchased consist of open market purchases made by the Company or an independent agent.  These share transactions related to matching contributions under the Eversource 401k Plan.
PeriodTotal Number of
Shares Purchased
Average Price
Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsApproximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans and Programs (at month end)
January 1 - January 31, 2024— $— — — 
February 1 - February 29, 2024— — — — 
March 1 - March 31, 20241,039 58.95 — — 
Total1,039 $58.95 — — 

ITEM 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, none of the Company’s directors or officers adopted, modified, or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as such terms are defined under Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
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ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS

Each document described below is filed herewith, unless designated with an asterisk (*), which exhibits are incorporated by reference by the registrant under whose name the exhibit appears.
Exhibit No.Description
Listing of Exhibits (Eversource)
*4
Twenty-Second Supplemental Indenture between Eversource Energy and The Bank of New York Trust Company N.A., as Trustee, dated as of April 1, 2024, relating to $700 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes, Series FF, Due 2031 and $700 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes, Series GG, Due 2034 (Exhibit 4.1, Eversource Energy Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 18, 2024, File No. 001-05324)
+10
31
31.1
32
Listing of Exhibits (CL&P)
31
31.1
32
Listing of Exhibits (NSTAR Electric Company)
31
31.1
32
Listing of Exhibits (PSNH)
*4
Twenty-Seventh Supplemental Indenture, between PSNH and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee dated as of April 1, 2024 (Exhibit 4.3, PSNH Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 1, 2024 (File No. 001-06392))
31
31.1
32
Listing of Exhibits (Eversource, CL&P, NSTAR Electric, PSNH)
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
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101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
104
The cover page from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL
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SIGNATURE


Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

  EVERSOURCE ENERGY
    
May 3, 2024 By:/s/ Jay S. Buth
   Jay S. Buth
   Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer


SIGNATURE


Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

  THE CONNECTICUT LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY
    
May 3, 2024 By:/s/ Jay S. Buth
   Jay S. Buth
   Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer


SIGNATURE


Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

  NSTAR ELECTRIC COMPANY
    
May 3, 2024 By:/s/ Jay S. Buth
   Jay S. Buth
   Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer


SIGNATURE


Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

  PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
    
May 3, 2024 By:/s/ Jay S. Buth
   Jay S. Buth
   Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer

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