UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
For
the quarterly period ended
Commission
file number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification Number) |
(Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| The
| ||||
| The
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ | |
| Smaller
reporting company | ||
| Emerging
growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes
☐
As of August 1, 2022, the Company had shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, issued and outstanding.
LIXTE BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| 2 |
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
LIXTE BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
June 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Advances on research and development contract services | ||||||||
| Prepaid insurance | ||||||||
| Other prepaid expenses and current assets | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses, including
$ | $ | $ | ||||||
| Research and development contract liabilities | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred Stock, $ par value; authorized – shares; issued and outstanding – shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, $ per share stated value, liquidation preference based on assumed conversion into common shares – shares | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ par value; authorized – shares; issued and outstanding – shares at June 30, 2022 and shares at December 31, 2021 | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 3 |
LIXTE BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| June 30, | June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative costs: | ||||||||||||||||
| Compensation to related parties | ||||||||||||||||
| Patent and licensing legal and filing fees and costs | ||||||||||||||||
| Other costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development costs | ||||||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Foreign currency gain (loss) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss per common share – basic and diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted | ||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 4 |
LIXTE BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021
|
Convertible |
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-in |
Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Par Value | Capital | Deficit | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Three months ended June 30, 2022: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2022 | $ | $ | |
$ | $ | ( |
) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of common stock in direct equity offering, net of offering costs | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Six months ended June 30, 2021: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of common stock in direct equity offering, net of offering costs | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( |
) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
(Continued)
| 5 |
LIXTE BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(Continued)
Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Par Value | Capital | Deficit | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended June 30, 2021: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2021 | $ | $ | | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the period | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Six months ended June 30, 2021: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of common stock in direct equity offering, net of offering costs | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of warrants | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the period | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 6 |
LIXTE BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
| Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense included in - | ||||||||
| General and administrative costs | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in - | ||||||||
| Advances on research and development contract services | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepaid insurance | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other prepaid expenses and current assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Increase (decrease) in - | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Research and development contract liabilities | ||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of common stock in direct equity offering, net of offering costs | ||||||||
| Exercise of common stock warrants | ||||||||
| Exercise of common stock options | ||||||||
| Payment of deferred offering costs | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Cash: | ||||||||
| Net increase | ||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | ||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for - | ||||||||
| Interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 7 |
LIXTE BIOTECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements of Lixte Biotechnology Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Holdings”), including its wholly-owned Delaware subsidiary, Lixte Biotechnology, Inc. (“Lixte”) (collectively, the “Company”), at June 30, 2022, and for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, are unaudited. In the opinion of management of the Company, all adjustments, including normal recurring accruals, have been made that are necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2022, and the results of its operations for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and its cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full fiscal year. The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2021 has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements at such date.
The condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and other information included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC.
Listing of the Company’s Common Stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market
The Company’s common stock and the warrants issued in its public offering (see Note 4) are traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbols “LIXT” and. “LIXTW”, respectively.
On June 24, 2022, the Company received a written notice (the “Notice”) from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) that the Company has not been in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for a period of 30 consecutive business days. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed securities to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share, and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the minimum closing bid price requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days. The Notice has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market.
In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company is provided a compliance period of 180 calendar days from the date of the Notice, or until December 21, 2022, to regain compliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement. If the Company does not regain compliance during the compliance period ending December 21, 2022, the Company may be afforded a second 180 calendar day period to regain compliance. To qualify for the second compliance period, the Company must (i) meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly-held shares and all other initial listing standards for The Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the minimum closing bid price requirement, and (ii) notify Nasdaq of its intent to cure the deficiency. The Company can achieve compliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement if, during either compliance period, the minimum closing bid price per share of the Company’s common stock is at least $1.00 for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days. The Company anticipates that its shares of common stock will continue to be listed and traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market during the compliance period(s).
The Company plans to carefully assess potential actions to regain compliance. However, the Company may be unable to regain compliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement during the compliance period(s), in which case the Company anticipates Nasdaq would provide a notice to the Company that its shares of common stock are subject to delisting, and the Company’s common shares would thereupon be delisted.
| 8 |
2. Business
The Company is a drug discovery company that uses biomarker technology to identify enzyme targets associated with serious common diseases and then designs novel compounds to attack those targets. The Company’s product pipeline is primarily focused on inhibitors of protein phosphatases, used alone and in combination with cytotoxic agents and/or x-ray and immune checkpoint blockers, and encompasses two major categories of compounds at various stages of pre-clinical and clinical development that the Company believes have broad therapeutic potential not only for cancer but also for other debilitating and life-threatening diseases.
The Company’s activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including the need for additional capital. The Company has not yet commenced any revenue-generating operations, does not have positive cash flows from operations, and is dependent on periodic infusions of equity capital to fund its operating requirements.
Going Concern
At
June 30, 2022, the Company had cash of $
The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been presented on the basis that it will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has no recurring source of revenue and has experienced negative operating cash flows since inception. The Company has financed its working capital requirements primarily through the recurring sale of its equity securities.
As a result, management has concluded that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, in its report on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, has also expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company’s consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise additional equity capital to fund its research and development activities and to ultimately achieve sustainable operating revenues and profitability. The amount and timing of future cash requirements depends on the pace and design of the Company’s clinical trial program, which, in turn, depends on the availability of operating capital to fund such activities.
Based on current operating plans, the Company estimates that existing cash resources will provide sufficient working capital to fund the current clinical trial program with respect to the development of the Company’s lead anti-cancer clinical compound LB-100 through approximately September 30, 2023. However, existing cash resources will not be sufficient to complete development of and obtain regulatory approval for the Company’s product candidate, and the Company will need to raise significant additional capital to do so. In addition, the Company’s operating plan may change as a result of many factors currently unknown, and additional funds may be needed sooner than planned.
As market conditions present uncertainty as to the Company’s ability to secure additional funds, there can be no assurances that the Company will be able to secure additional financing on acceptable terms, as and when necessary, to continue to conduct operations. There is also significant uncertainty as to the effect that the coronavirus pandemic may have on the Company’s clinical trial schedule and the amount and type of financing available to the Company in the future.
If cash resources are insufficient to satisfy the Company’s ongoing cash requirements, the Company would be required to scale back or discontinue its clinical trial program, as well as its licensing and patent prosecution efforts and its technology and product development efforts, or obtain funds, if available, through strategic alliances or joint ventures that could require the Company to relinquish rights to and/or control of LB-100, or to discontinue operations entirely.
| 9 |
3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the financial statements of Holdings and its wholly owned subsidiary, Lixte. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Some of those judgments can be subjective and complex, and therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable in relation to the financial statements taken as a whole under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Management regularly evaluates the key factors and assumptions used to develop the estimates utilizing currently available information, changes in facts and circumstances, historical experience and reasonable assumptions. After such evaluations, if deemed appropriate, those estimates are adjusted accordingly. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include those related to assumptions used in accruals for potential liabilities, valuing equity instruments issued for services, and the realization of deferred tax assets.
Cash
Cash
is primarily held in a cash bank deposit program maintained by a major financial institution. The Company’s policy is to maintain
its cash balances with financial institutions with high credit ratings and in accounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(the “FDIC”) and/or by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (the “SIPC”). The Company may periodically
have cash balances in financial institutions in excess of the FDIC and SIPC insurance limits of $
Research and Development
Research and development costs consist primarily of fees paid to consultants and contractors, and other expenses relating to the acquisition, design, development and clinical trials with respect to the Company’s compounds and product candidates. Research and development costs also include the costs to produce the compounds used in research and clinical trials, which are charged to operations as incurred.
Research and development costs are generally charged to operations ratably over the life of the underlying contracts, unless the achievement of milestones, the completion of contracted work, the termination of an agreement, or other information indicates that a different expensing schedule is more appropriate. However, payments for research and development costs that are contractually defined as non-refundable are charged to operations as incurred.
Obligations incurred with respect to mandatory scheduled payments under research agreements with milestone provisions are recognized as charges to research and development costs in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations based on the achievement of such milestones, as specified in the agreement. Obligations incurred with respect to mandatory scheduled payments under research agreements without milestone provisions are accounted for when due, are recognized ratably over the appropriate period, as specified in the agreement, and are recorded as liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, with a corresponding charge to research and development costs in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
| 10 |
Payments made pursuant to research and development contracts are initially recorded as advances on research and development contract services in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and are then charged to research and development costs in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations as those contract services are performed. Expenses incurred under research and development contracts in excess of amounts advanced are recorded as research and development contract liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, with a corresponding charge to research and development costs in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The Company reviews the status of its research and development contracts on a quarterly basis.
Prepaid Insurance
Prepaid insurance represents the premiums paid for directors and officers insurance coverage and for general liability insurance coverage in excess of the amortization of the total policy premium charged to operations at each balance sheet date. Such amortization is determined by amortizing the total policy premium charged on a straight-line basis over the respective policy periods. As the policy premiums incurred are amortizable in the ensuing twelve-month period, they are recorded as a current asset in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at each reporting date and amortized to the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for each reporting period.
Patent and Licensing Legal and Filing Fees and Costs
Due
to the significant uncertainty associated with the successful development of one or more commercially viable products based on the Company’s
research efforts and related patent applications, all patent and licensing legal and filing fees and costs related to the development
and protection of its intellectual property are charged to operations as incurred. Patent and licensing legal and filing fees and costs
were $
Concentration of Risk
The Company periodically contracts with vendors and consultants to provide services related to the Company’s operations. Charges incurred for these services can be for a specific time period (typically one year) or for a specific project or task. Costs and expenses incurred that represented 10% or more of general and administrative costs or research and development costs for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 are described as follows.
General
and administrative costs for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 include charges from legal firms and other vendors for general
licensing and patent prosecution costs relating to the Company’s intellectual properties representing
Research
and development costs for the three months ended June 30, 2022 include charges from five vendors and consultants representing
General
and administrative costs for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 include charges from legal firms and other vendors for general
licensing and patent prosecution costs relating to the Company’s intellectual properties representing
Research
and development costs for the six months ended June 30, 2022 include charges from two vendors and consultants representing
| 11 |
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Accordingly, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected impact of differences between the financial statements and the tax basis of assets and liabilities.
The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In the event the Company was to determine that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of its recorded amount, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would be credited to operations in the period such determination was made. Should the Company determine that it would not be able to realize all or part of its deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would be charged to operations in the period such determination was made.
The Company is subject to U.S. federal income taxes and income taxes of various state tax jurisdictions. As the Company’s net operating losses have yet to be utilized, all previous tax years remain open to examination by Federal authorities and other jurisdictions in which the Company currently operates or has operated in the past. The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2022 or 2021 and does not anticipate any material amount of unrecognized tax benefits through December 31, 2022.
The Company accounts for uncertainties in income tax law under a comprehensive model for the financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns as prescribed by GAAP. The tax effects of a position are recognized only if it is “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the taxing authority as of the reporting date. If the tax position is not considered “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained, then no benefits of the position are recognized. The Company had not recorded any liability for uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021. Subsequent to June 30, 2022, any interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions will be recognized as a component of income tax expense.
The Company periodically issues common stock and stock options to officers, directors, employees, Scientific Advisory Committee members, contractors and consultants for services rendered. Options vest and expire according to terms established at the issuance date of each grant. Stock grants, which are generally time vested, are measured at the grant date fair value and charged to operations ratably over the vesting period.
The Company accounts for stock-based payments to officers, directors, employees, Scientific Advisory Committee members contractors and consultants by measuring the cost of services received in exchange for equity awards utilizing the grant date fair value of the awards, with the cost recognized as compensation expense on the straight-line basis in the Company’s financial statements over the vesting period of the awards.
The fair value of stock options granted as stock-based compensation is determined utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and is affected by several variables, the most significant of which are the expected life of the stock option, the exercise price of the stock option as compared to the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date, and the estimated volatility of the common stock. Unless sufficient historical exercise data is available, the expected life of the stock option is calculated as the mid-point between the vesting period and the contractual term (the “simplified method”). The estimated volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock, calculated utilizing a look-back period approximately equal to the contractual life of the stock option being granted. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The fair market value of the common stock is determined by reference to the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The expected dividend yield is based on the Company’s expectation of dividend payouts and is assumed to be zero.
| 12 |
The Company recognizes the fair value of stock-based compensation awards in general and administrative costs and in research and development costs, as appropriate, in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company issues new shares of common stock to satisfy stock option exercises.
The Company’s computation of earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) includes basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as the income (loss) attributable to common stockholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS but presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of potential common shares (e.g., preferred shares, warrants and stock options) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential common shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.
Loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the respective periods. Basic and diluted loss per common share was the same for all periods presented because all preferred shares, warrants and stock options outstanding were anti-dilutive.
| June 30, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | ||||||||
| Common stock warrants | ||||||||
| Common stock options, including options issued in the form of warrants | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The authoritative guidance with respect to fair value established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels and requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of three categories, as presented below. Disclosure as to transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2, and activity in Level 3 fair value measurements, is also required.
Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for an identical asset or liability that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 1 inputs include active-exchange traded securities and exchange-based derivatives.
Level 2. Inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, which are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs include fixed income securities, non-exchange-based derivatives, mutual funds, and fair-value hedges.
Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data for the asset or liability which requires the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 3 inputs include infrequently traded non-exchange-based derivatives and commingled investment funds and are measured using present value pricing models.
The Company determines the level in the fair value hierarchy within which each fair value measurement falls in its entirety, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. In determining the appropriate levels, the Company performs an analysis of the assets and liabilities at each reporting period end.
The carrying value of financial instruments (consisting of accounts payable and accrued expenses) is considered to be representative of their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of those instruments.
| 13 |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt by eliminating the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models. Upon adoption of ASU 2020-06, convertible debt proceeds, unless issued with a substantial premium or an embedded conversion feature that is not clearly and closely related to the host contract, will no longer be allocated between debt and equity components. This modification will reduce the issue discount and result in less non-cash interest expense in financial statements. ASU 2020-06 also updates the earnings per share calculation and requires entities to assume share settlement when the convertible debt can be settled in cash or shares. For contracts in an entity’s own equity, the type of contracts primarily affected by ASU 2020-06 are freestanding and embedded features that are accounted for as derivatives under the current guidance due to a failure to meet the settlement assessment by removing the requirements to (i) consider whether the contract would be settled in registered shares, (ii) consider whether collateral is required to be posted, and (iii) assess shareholder rights. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and only if adopted as of the beginning of such fiscal year. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance as to how an issuer should account for a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option (i.e., a warrant) that remains classified after modification or exchange as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. An issuer should measure the effect of a modification or exchange as the difference between the fair value of the modified or exchanged warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification or exchange and then apply a recognition model that comprises four categories of transactions and the corresponding accounting treatment for each category (equity issuance, debt origination, debt modification, and modifications unrelated to equity issuance and debt origination or modification). ASU 2021-04 is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the guidance provided in ASU 2021-04 prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date. The Company adopted ASU 2021-04 effective January 1, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2021-04 did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, authoritative guidance, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures.
4. Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock
The
Company is authorized to issue a total of shares of preferred stock, par value $ per share. On March 17, 2015, the Company
filed a Certificate of Designations, Preferences, Rights and Limitations of its Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with the Delaware
Secretary of State to amend the Company’s certificate of incorporation. The Company has designated a total of shares as
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, which are non-voting and are not subject to increase without the written consent of a majority
of the holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock or as otherwise set forth in the Preferences, Rights and Limitations. The
holders of each tranche of shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive a per share dividend equal
to
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If fully converted, the outstanding shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock would convert into shares of common stock at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock has no right to cash, except with respect to the payment of the aforementioned dividend based on the generation of revenues by the Company. The shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock do not have any registration rights.
Based on the attributes of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock as previously described, the Company has accounted for the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock as a permanent component of stockholders’ equity.
Common Stock
The Company is authorized to issue a total of shares of common stock, par value $ per share. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had shares and shares, respectively, of common stock issued, issuable and outstanding.
Effective
April 12, 2022, the Company completed the sale of shares of common stock at a price of $ per share in a registered direct
equity offering, generating gross proceeds of $
During
February and March 2021, the Company issued shares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants at $
Effective
March 2, 2021, the Company completed the sale of shares of common stock at a price of $ per share in a registered direct
equity offering, generating gross proceeds of $
On
April 22, 2021, the Company issued shares of its common stock upon the exercise of options held by an officer and two of the
Company’s Directors as follows: options at $ per share, options at $ per share, and options at $per share, for total cash proceeds of $
Effective
November 30, 2020, the Company raised gross proceeds of $
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Common Stock Warrants
A summary of common stock warrant activity during the six months ended June 30, 2022 is presented below.
Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years) | ||||||||||
| Warrants outstanding at December 31, 2021 | $ | |||||||||||
| Issued | ||||||||||||
| Exercised | ||||||||||||
| Expired | ||||||||||||
| Warrants outstanding at June 30, 2022 | $ | |||||||||||
At June 30, 2022, the outstanding warrants are exercisable at the following prices per common share:
Exercise Prices | Warrants Outstanding (Shares) | |||||
| $ | ||||||
| $ | ||||||
| $ | ||||||
| $ | ||||||
Based on a fair market value of $ per share on June 30, 2022, there was no intrinsic value attributed to exercisable but unexercised in-the-money common stock warrants at June 30, 2022.
Information with respect to the issuance of common stock in connection with various stock-based compensation arrangements is provided at Note 6.
5. Related Party Transactions
Related party transactions include transactions with the Company’s officers, directors and affiliates.
Employment Agreements with Officers
During July and August 2020, the Company entered into one-year employment agreements with its executive officers, consisting of Dr. John S. Kovach, Eric J. Forman, Dr. James S. Miser, and Robert N. Weingarten, payable monthly, as described below. The employment agreements are automatically renewable for additional one-year periods unless terminated by either party upon 60 days written notice prior to the end of the applicable one-year period, or by death, or by termination for cause. These employment agreements were automatically renewed for an additional one-year period in July and August 2021.
The
Company entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Kovach dated July 15, 2020, effective October 1, 2020, for Dr. Kovach to continue
to act as the Company’s President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientific Officer with an annual salary of $
The
Company entered into an employment agreement with Dr. James S. Miser, M.D., effective August 1, 2020 to act as the Company’s Chief
Medical Officer with an annual salary of $
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The
Company entered into an employment agreement with Eric J. Forman effective July 15, 2020, as amended on August 12, 2020, to act as
the Company’s Chief Administrative Officer with an annual salary of $
The
Company entered into an employment agreement with Robert N. Weingarten effective August 12, 2020 to act as the Company’s Vice President
and Chief Financial Officer with an annual salary of $
Appointment of Dr. René Bernards to the Board of Directors
Effective as of June 15, 2022, Dr. René Bernards was appointed to the Company’s Board of Directors as an independent director. Dr. Bernards is a leader in the field of molecular carcinogenesis and is employed by the Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam.
On October 8, 2021, the Company entered into a Development Collaboration Agreement with the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, one of the world’s leading comprehensive cancer centers, and Oncode Institute, Utrecht, a major independent cancer research center, to identify the most promising drugs to be combined with LB-100, and potentially LB-100 analogues, to be used to treat a range of cancers, as well as to identify the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the identified combinations, as described at Note 8.
Compensatory Arrangements for Members of the Board of Directors
Effective April 9, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a comprehensive cash and equity compensation program for the independent members of the Board of Directors and committee members. Effective May 25, 2022, the Board of Directors approved an amendment to the program. Officers who also serve on the Board of Directors are not compensated separately for their service on the Board of Directors.
Cash compensation for independent directors, payable quarterly, is as follows:
Base
director compensation - $
Chairman
of audit committee - additional $
Chairman
of any other committees - additional $
Member
of audit committee - additional $
Member
of any other committees - additional $
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Equity compensation for independent directors is as follows:
Appointment
of new independent directors - The Company will grant options to purchase shares of common stock, exercisable for a period of
five years at the closing market price on the date of grant, vesting % on the grant date and the remaining % vesting % on the
last day of each calendar quarter beginning in the quarter immediately subsequent to the date of the grant until fully vested, subject
to continued service. At the discretion of the Board of Directors, for a nominee to the Board of Directors who is restricted by his or
her respective institution or employer from receiving equity-based compensation, in lieu of the grant of such stock options, the Company
may elect to pay a one-time cash fee of $
Annual
grant of options to independent directors - Effective on the last business day of the month of June, the Company will grant options to
purchase shares of common stock, exercisable for a period of five years at the closing market price on the date of grant, vesting
% on the last day of each calendar quarter beginning in the quarter immediately subsequent to the date of grant until fully vested,
subject to continued service. If any director has served for less than 12 full calendar months at the grant date, the amount of such
stock option grant shall be prorated based on the length of service of such director. At the discretion of the Board of Directors, for
a nominee to the Board of Directors who is restricted by their respective institution or employer from receiving equity-based compensation,
in lieu of the grant of such stock options, the Company may elect to pay an annual cash fee of $
Total cash compensation paid to independent directors was $ and $, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Total cash compensation paid to independent directors was $ and $, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
Stock-based compensation granted to members of the Company’s Board of Directors. officers and affiliates is described at Note 6.
A summary of related party costs, including compensation under employment and consulting agreements and fees paid to non-officer directors for their services on the Board of Directors, for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 is presented below.
| Three
Months Ended June 30, | Six
Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Related party costs: | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash-based | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Stock-based | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
The Company issues common stock and stock options as incentive compensation to directors and as compensation for the services of employees, contractors, and consultants of the Company.
On July 14, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which provides for the granting of equity-based awards, consisting of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, and other stock-based awards to employees, officers, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates for up to shares of the Company’s common stock, under terms and conditions as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. The 2020 Plan was subsequently approved by the stockholders of the Company. As of June 30, 2022 unexpired stock options for shares were issued and outstanding under the 2020 Plan and shares were available for issuance under the 2020 Plan.
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The fair value of a stock option award is calculated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect as of the grant date. The expected dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s expectation of dividend payouts and is assumed to be zero. The estimated volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock, calculated utilizing a look-back period approximately equal to the contractual life of the stock option being granted. Unless sufficient historical exercise data is available, the expected life of the stock option is calculated as the mid-point between the vesting period and the contractual term (the “simplified method”). The fair market value of the common stock is determined by reference to the quoted market price of the common stock on the grant date.
| Risk-free interest rate | % | |||
| Expected dividend yield | % | |||
| Expected volatility | % | |||
| Expected life | years |
For stock options requiring an assessment of value during the six months ended June 30, 2021, the fair value of each stock option award was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
| Risk-free interest rate | % | |||
| Expected dividend yield | % | |||
| Expected volatility | % | |||
| Expected life | to years |
.
On August 1, 2020, in connection with an employment agreement entered into with .
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.
Effective
January 6, 2021, in recognition of their service as directors of the Company over the past year, the Company granted fully-vested stock
options to purchase shares of common stock to each of Dr. Winson Sze Chun Ho, Dr. Yun Yen, Dr. Stephen Forman, and Dr. Philip
Palmedo (an aggregate of shares), exercisable for a period of from the grant date at $ per share, which was the
approximate fair market value of the Company’s common stock on such date. The fair value of these stock options, as calculated
pursuant to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was determined to be $
On April 9, 2021, .
On May 11, 2021, .
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On June 30, 2021, .
On June 17, 2022, .
On June 30, 2022, .
| Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
| June 30, | June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Related parties | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Non-related parties | ||||||||||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation costs | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Life (in Years) | ||||||||||
| Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2021 | $ | |||||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||||||
| Exercised | ||||||||||||
| Expired/Forfeited | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Stock options outstanding at June 30, 2022 | $ | |||||||||||
| Stock options exercisable at June 30, 2022 | $ | |||||||||||
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Total
deferred compensation expense for the outstanding value of unvested stock options was approximately $
Exercise Prices | Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | ||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||
Based on a fair market value of $ per share on June 30, 2022, there was no intrinsic value attributed to exercisable but unexercised in-the-money common stock options at June 30, 2022.
Outstanding stock options to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock had not vested at June 30, 2022.
The Company expects to satisfy such stock obligations through the issuance of authorized but unissued shares of common stock.
7. Income Taxes
During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not record any provision for income taxes as the Company incurred losses during those periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets for all periods presented as the Company believes it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
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8. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Claims
The Company may be subject to legal claims and actions from time to time as part of its business activities. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company was not subject to any pending or threatened legal claims or actions.
Principal Commitments
Clinical Trial Agreements
At
June 30, 2022, the Company’s unpaid remaining contractual commitments pursuant to clinical trial agreements, clinical trial monitoring
agreements, and agreements for the production of LB-100 for clinical use, as described below, aggregated $
Moffitt. Effective August 20, 2018, the Company entered into a Clinical Trial Research Agreement with the Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Hospital Inc., Tampa, Florida, effective for a term of five years, unless terminated earlier by the Company pursuant to 30 days written notice. Pursuant to the Clinical Trial Research Agreement, Moffitt agreed to conduct and manage a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of the Company’s lead anti-cancer clinical compound LB-100 to be administered intravenously in patients with low or intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
In November 2018, the Company received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for its Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) to conduct a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of LB-100 in patients with low and intermediate-1 risk MDS who have failed or are intolerant of standard treatment. Patients with MDS, although usually older, are generally well except for severe anemia requiring frequent blood transfusions. This Phase 1b/2 clinical trial utilizes LB-100 as a single agent in the treatment of patients with low and intermediate-1 risk MDS, including patients with del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome (del5qMDS) failing first line therapy. The bone marrow cells of patients with del5qMDS are deficient in PP2A by virtue of an acquired mutation and are especially vulnerable to further inhibition of PP2A by LB-100. The clinical trial began at a single site in April 2019 and the first patient was entered into the clinical trial in July 2019. A total enrollment of 41 patients is planned. An interim analysis will be done after the first 21 patients are entered. If there are 3 or more responders but fewer than 7, an additional 20 patients will be entered. If at any point there are 7 or more responders, this will be sufficient evidence to support continued development of LB-100 for the treatment of low and intermediate-1 risk MDS. Recruitment has been slow and the Covid-19 pandemic has further reduced recruitment of patients into the protocol. At the current rate of accrual, the clinical trial is expected to be completed by June 30, 2025. However, with additional funds, the Company would consider adding two additional MDS centers to the Phase 2 portion of the study to accelerate patient accrual.
During
the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred costs of $
GEIS. Effective July 31, 2019, the Company entered into a Collaboration Agreement for an Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial with the Spanish Sarcoma Group (Grupo Español de Investigación en Sarcomas or “GEIS”), Madrid, Spain, to carry out a study entitled “Randomized phase I/II trial of LB-100 plus doxorubicin vs. doxorubicin alone in first line of advanced soft tissue sarcoma”. The purpose of this clinical trial is to obtain information with respect to the efficacy and safety of LB-100 combined with doxorubicin in soft tissue sarcomas. Doxorubicin is the global standard for initial treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas (“ASTS”). Doxorubicin alone has been the mainstay of first line treatment of ASTS for over 40 years, with little therapeutic gain from adding cytotoxic compounds to or substituting other cytotoxic compounds for doxorubicin. In animal models, LB-100 consistently enhances the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin without apparent increases in toxicity.
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GEIS has a network of referral centers in Spain and across Europe that have an impressive track record of efficiently conducting innovative studies in ASTS. The Company agreed to provide GEIS with a supply of LB-100 to be utilized in the conduct of this clinical trial, as well as to provide funding for the clinical trial. The goal was to enter approximately 150 patients in this clinical trial over a period of two years. As advanced sarcoma is a very aggressive disease, the design of the study assumes a median progression free survival (PFS, no evidence of disease progression or death from any cause) of 4.5 months in the doxorubicin arm and an alternative median PFS of 7.5 months in the doxorubicin plus LB-100 arm to demonstrate a statistically significant decrease in relative risk of progression or death by adding LB-100. There is a planned interim analysis of the primary endpoint when approximately 50% of the 102 events required for final analysis is reached.
The Company had previously expected that this clinical trial would commence during the quarter ended June 30, 2020. However, during July 2020, the Spanish regulatory authority advised the Company that although it had approved the scientific and ethical basis of the protocol, it required that the Company manufacture new inventory of LB-100 under current Spanish pharmaceutical manufacturing standards. These standards were adopted subsequent to the production of the Company’s existing LB-100 inventory.
A new batch of LB 100 has been prepared and is now undergoing the multitude of analytical studies of the formulated product necessary to gain approval for use in the European Union. Regulatory reviews by the European Union have been delayed, as a result of which the final review of the clinical product by Spanish regulatory authorities will also be delayed. Accordingly, the clinical trial is now estimated to commence during the quarter ending December 31, 2022 and be completed by June 30, 2025.
The interim analysis of this clinical trial could indicate either inferiority or superiority of LB-100 plus doxorubicin as compared to doxorubicin alone. A positive study would have the potential to change the standard therapy for this disease after four decades of failure to improve the marginal benefit of doxorubicin alone.
The
Company’s agreement with GEIS provides for various payments based on achieving specific milestones over the term of the agreement.
Through June 30, 2022, the Company has paid GEIS an aggregate of $
During
the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not incur any costs pursuant to this agreement. During the six months
ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred costs of $
In order to manufacture a new inventory supply of LB-100 for the GEIS clinical trial, the Company has engaged a number of vendors to carry out the multiple tasks needed to make and gain approval of a new clinical product for investigational study in Spain. These tasks include the synthesis under good manufacturing practices (GMP) of the active pharmacologic ingredient (API), with documentation of each of the steps involved by an independent auditor. The API is then transferred to a vendor that prepares the clinical drug product, also under GMP conditions documented by an independent auditor. The clinical drug product is then sent to a vendor to test for purity and sterility, provide appropriate labels, store the drug, and distribute the drug to the clinical centers for use in the clinical trials. A formal application documenting all steps taken to prepare the clinical drug product for clinical use must be submitted to the appropriate regulatory authorities for review and approval before being used in a clinical trial.
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On
November 2, 2021, the Company entered into a Development Agreement with Famar Health Care Services Madrid SA (“Famar”) to
prepare a new batch of clinical LB-100 for use in clinical trials to be conducted in the European Union. During the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company incurred costs of $
As
of June 30, 2022, this program to provide new inventory of the clinical drug product for the Spanish sarcoma study, and potentially for
subsequent multiple trials within the European Union, has cost approximately $
City of Hope. Effective January 18, 2021, the Company executed a Clinical Research Support Agreement with the City of Hope National Medical Center, an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center, and City of Hope Medical Foundation (collectively, “City of Hope”), to carry out a Phase 1b clinical trial of LB-100, the Company’s first-in-class protein phosphatase inhibitor, combined with a standard regimen for treatment of untreated extensive- stage disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC). LB-100 will be given in combination with carboplatin, etoposide and atezolizumab, an FDA-approved but marginally effective regimen, to previously untreated ED-SCLC patients. The dose of LB-100 will be escalated with the standard fixed doses of the 3-drug regimen to reach a recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D). Patient entry will be expanded so that a total of 12 patients will be evaluable at the RP2D to confirm the safety of the LB-100 combination and to look for potential therapeutic activity as assessed by objective response rate, duration of overall response, progression-free-survival and overall survival.
The clinical trial was initiated on March 9, 2021, with patient accrual expected to take approximately two years to complete. However, patient accrual has been slower than expected. The Company is currently seeking to add two additional centers to increase the rate of patient accrual. With the additional sites, the Company expects this clinical trial to be completed by December 31, 2024. Without additional sites, the completion date for this clinical trial will be no sooner than December 31, 2025.
During
the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred costs of $
National Cancer Institute Pharmacologic Clinical Trial. In May 2019, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) initiated a glioblastoma (GBM) pharmacologic clinical trial. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the NCI enrolled the first two patients of a planned eight patient pharmacologic study of the ability of LB-100 to enter the brain and penetrate recurrent brain tumors in patients where surgical removal of the cancers is indicated (clinical trials registry NCT03027388). This study is being conducted and funded by the NCI under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, with the Company being required to provide the LB-100 clinical compound.
Primary malignant brain tumors (gliomas) are very challenging to treat. Radiation combined with the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide has been the mainstay of therapy of the most aggressive gliomas (glioblastoma multiforme or GBM) for decades, with some further benefit gained by the addition of one or more anti-cancer drugs, but without major advances in overall survival for the majority of patients. In animal models of GBM, the Company’s novel protein phosphatase inhibitor, LB-100, has been found to enhance the effectiveness of radiation, temozolomide chemotherapy treatments and immunotherapy, raising the possibility that LB-100 may improve outcomes of standard GBM treatment in the clinic. Although LB-100 has proven safe in patients at doses associated with apparent anti-tumor activity against several human cancers arising outside the brain, the ability of LB-100 to penetrate tumor tissue arising in the brain is not known. Unfortunately, many drugs potentially useful for GBM treatment do not enter the brain in amounts necessary for anti-cancer action.
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The neurosurgical unit at the NCI, which had been closed due to the Covid-19 epidemic, has reopened, and patient accrual has resumed. There is an urgent need to improve therapy for this type of aggressive brain tumor. If the NCI study shows that LB-100 does penetrate the brain, a clinical study of LB-100 in combination with standard therapy for GBM, the drug temozolomide and radiation, both of which have been well documented in pre-clinical studies to be significantly enhanced by LB-100, would be of significant interest to neuro-oncologists frustrated by decades of limited advances in therapy for this common brain tumor in adults.
The NCI study is designed to determine the extent to which LB-100 enters recurrent malignant gliomas. Patients having surgery to remove one or more tumors will receive one dose of LB-100 prior to surgery and have blood and tumor tissue analyzed to determine the amount of LB-100 present and to determine whether the cells in the tumors show the biochemical changes expected to be present if LB-100 reaches its molecular target. As a result of the innovative design of the NCI study, data from a few patients should be sufficient to provide a sound rationale for conducting a larger clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of adding LB-100 to the standard treatment regimen for GBMs. Five patients have been entered and analysis of the blood and tissue will now proceed. If there is evidence in at least two of the patients of penetration of LB 100 into tumor tissue, the study will be deemed as successful. The resulting data is expected to become available by December 31, 2022.
Clinical Trial Monitoring Agreements
Moffitt. On September 12, 2018, the Company finalized a work order agreement with Theradex Systems, Inc. (“Theradex”), an international contract research organization (“CRO”), to monitor the Phase 1b/2 clinical trial being managed and conducted by Moffitt. The clinical trial began in April 2019 and the first patient was entered into the clinical trial in July 2019. At the current rate of accrual, the clinical trial is expected to be completed by June 30, 2025.
Costs
under this work order agreement are estimated to be approximately $
City
of Hope. On February 5, 2021, the Company signed a new work order agreement with Theradex to monitor the City of Hope investigator-initiated
clinical trial in small cell lung cancer in accordance with FDA requirements for oversight by the sponsoring party. Costs under this
work order agreement are estimated to be approximately $
Patent and License Agreements
On
March 22, 2018, the Company entered into a Patent Assignment and Exploitation Agreement with INSERM TRANSFERT SA, acting as delegatee
of the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, for the assignment to the Company of INSERM’S interest in United
States Patent No. 9,833,450 entitled “Oxabicyloheptanes and Oxabicycloheptenes for the Treatment of Depressive and Stress Disorders”,
which was filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office in the name of INSERM and the Company as co-owners on February 19,
2015 and granted on May 12, 2017, and related patent applications and filings. INSERM is a French public institution dedicated to research
in the field of health and medicine that had previously entered into a Material Transfer Agreement with the Company to allow INSERM to
conduct research on the Company’s proprietary compound LB-100 and/or its analogs for the treatment of depressive or stress disorders
in humans. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company has agreed to make certain milestone payments to INSERM aggregating up to $
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Effective
August 20, 2018, the Company entered into an Exclusive License Agreement with Moffitt. Pursuant to the License Agreement, Moffitt granted
the Company an exclusive license under certain patents owned by Moffitt (the “Licensed Patents”) relating to the treatment
of MDS and a non-exclusive license under inventions, concepts, processes, information, data, know-how, research results, clinical data,
and the like (other than the Licensed Patents) necessary or useful for the practice of any claim under the Licensed Patents or the use,
development, manufacture or sale of any product for the treatment of MDS which would otherwise infringe a valid claim under the Licensed
Patents. The Company was obligated to pay Moffitt a non-refundable license issue fee of $
The
Company will be obligated to pay Moffitt earned royalties of 4% on worldwide cumulative net sales of royalty-bearing products, subject
to reduction to 2% under certain circumstances, on a quarterly basis, with a minimum royalty payment of $
Employment Agreements with Officers
During
July and August 2020, the Company entered into one-year employment agreements with its executive officers, consisting of Dr. John S.
Kovach, Eric J. Forman, Dr. James S. Miser, and Robert N. Weingarten, which provided for aggregate annual compensation of $
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On April 9, 2021, the Board of Directors increased the annual compensation of Eric J. Forman, the Company’s Chief Administrative Officer, Dr. James S. Miser, the Company’s Chief Medical Officer, and Robert N. Weingarten, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, under the employment agreements, such that the total aggregate annual compensation of all officers increased to $, effective May 1, 2021.
Other Significant Agreements and Contracts
On
December 24, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with NDA Consulting Corp. for consultation and advice in the field of oncology
research and drug development. As part of the agreement, NDA also agreed to cause its president, Dr. Daniel D. Von Hoff, M.D., to become
a member of the Company’s Scientific Advisory Committee. The term of the agreement was for one year and provided for a quarterly
cash fee of $