Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The following table sets forth income before taxes and the expense for income taxes:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Income (loss) before taxes:
U.S.	$	(34,406	)	$	(55,617	)	$	(83,537	)
Foreign	52,586			48,404			8,793
Total income (loss) before taxes	$	18,180		$	(7,213	)	$	(74,744	)
Income tax expense:
Current income taxes:
U.S. federal	$	1,383		$	49		$	480
U.S. state	127			126			195
Foreign	9,525			9,494			7,488
Total current income taxes	11,035			9,669			8,163
Deferred income taxes:
U.S. federal	1,300			263			(3,902		)
U.S. state	—			—			(118		)
Foreign	(4,393		)	(651		)	4,309
Total deferred income taxes	(3,093		)	(388		)	289
Total income tax expense	$	7,942		$	9,281		$	8,452

Summary of Tax Expense and Effective Tax Rates

The following table sets forth income reconciliations of the statutory federal income tax rate to actual rates based on income or loss before income taxes:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017					2016					2015
	(in thousands)
Income tax expense and rate attributable to:
Federal	$	6,363		35.0	%	$	(2,524	)	(35.0	)%	$	(26,160	)	(35.0	)%
State, net of federal benefit	53			0.3		(202		)	(2.8	)	(543		)	(0.7	)
Foreign differential	(11,768		)	(64.7	)	(12,624		)	(175.0	)	(3,678		)	(4.9	)
Enacted changes in tax law	17,645			97.1		—			—		—			—
Non-deductible / non-taxable items	6,006			33.0		2,694			37.4		(2,181		)	(2.9	)
Change in valuation allowance	24,400			134.2		16,041			222.4		10,892			14.5
U.S. tax on foreign earnings	(32,427		)	(178.4	)	23,130			320.6		82,311			110.0
Foreign tax credits	(7,980		)	(43.9	)	(18,581		)	(257.6	)	(49,432		)	(66.1	)
Uncertain tax positions	1,054			5.8		19			0.3		(3,952		)	(5.3	)
Audit settlements	354			1.9		253			3.5		1,167			1.6
Stock compensation windfall / shortfall	882			4.9		2,120			29.4		—			—
Deferred income tax account adjustments	2,679			14.7		(842		)	(11.7	)	—			—
Other	681			3.8		(203		)	(2.8	)	28			0.1
Effective income tax expense and rate	$	7,942		43.7	%	$	9,281		128.7	%	$	8,452		11.3	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The following table sets forth income reconciliations of the statutory federal income tax rate to actual rates based on income or loss before income taxes:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017					2016					2015
	(in thousands)
Income tax expense and rate attributable to:
Federal	$	6,363		35.0	%	$	(2,524	)	(35.0	)%	$	(26,160	)	(35.0	)%
State, net of federal benefit	53			0.3		(202		)	(2.8	)	(543		)	(0.7	)
Foreign differential	(11,768		)	(64.7	)	(12,624		)	(175.0	)	(3,678		)	(4.9	)
Enacted changes in tax law	17,645			97.1		—			—		—			—
Non-deductible / non-taxable items	6,006			33.0		2,694			37.4		(2,181		)	(2.9	)
Change in valuation allowance	24,400			134.2		16,041			222.4		10,892			14.5
U.S. tax on foreign earnings	(32,427		)	(178.4	)	23,130			320.6		82,311			110.0
Foreign tax credits	(7,980		)	(43.9	)	(18,581		)	(257.6	)	(49,432		)	(66.1	)
Uncertain tax positions	1,054			5.8		19			0.3		(3,952		)	(5.3	)
Audit settlements	354			1.9		253			3.5		1,167			1.6
Stock compensation windfall / shortfall	882			4.9		2,120			29.4		—			—
Deferred income tax account adjustments	2,679			14.7		(842		)	(11.7	)	—			—
Other	681			3.8		(203		)	(2.8	)	28			0.1
Effective income tax expense and rate	$	7,942		43.7	%	$	9,281		128.7	%	$	8,452		11.3	%

Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. We recorded a provisional adjustment to our U.S. deferred income taxes as of December 31, 2017 to reflect the reduction in the U.S. statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% resulting from the Tax Act. The following table sets forth deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of the date shown:

	December 31,
	2017			2016
	(in thousands)
Non-current deferred tax assets:
Stock compensation expense	$	2,940		$	4,597
Long-term accrued expenses	20,728			26,127
Net operating loss	42,956			36,424
Intangible assets	1,620			3,654
Future uncertain tax position offset	498			396
Unrealized loss on foreign currency	119			—
Foreign tax credit	67,655			69,586
Other	2,792			5,481
Valuation allowance	(119,494		)	(90,900		)
Total non-current deferred tax assets	$	19,814		$	55,365
Non-current deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets	$	—		$	(41	)
Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiary	—			(32,427		)
Property and equipment	(9,640		)	(16,072		)
Total non-current deferred tax liabilities	$	(9,640	)	$	(48,540	)

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
	(in thousands)
Unrecognized tax benefit as of January 1	$	4,750		$	4,957		$	8,444
Gross increases in tax positions in prior period	1,025			646			643
Gross decreases in tax positions in prior period	—			(664		)	(385		)
Gross increases in tax positions in current period	966			245			549
Settlements	(123		)	(238		)	(4,126		)
Lapse of statute of limitations	(414		)	(196		)	(168		)
Unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31	$	6,204		$	4,750		$	4,957

Summary of Income Tax Examinations

The following table sets forth the tax years subject to examination for the major jurisdictions where we conduct business as of December 31, 2017:

Netherlands	2005 to 2017
Canada	2010 to 2017
Japan	2011 to 2017
China	2011 to 2017
Singapore	2014 to 2017
United States	2010 to 2017