Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The following table sets forth income before taxes and the expense for income taxes:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017			2016
	(in thousands)
Income (loss) before taxes:
U.S.	$	10,088	$	(34,406	)	$	(55,617	)
Foreign	55,069		52,586			48,404
Total income (loss) before taxes	$	65,157	$	18,180		$	(7,213	)
Income tax expense:
Current income taxes:
U.S. federal	$	1,156	$	1,383		$	49
U.S. state	246		127			126
Foreign	12,359		9,525			9,494
Total current income taxes	13,761		11,035			9,669
Deferred income taxes:
U.S. federal	276		1,300			263
U.S. state	—		—			—
Foreign	683		(4,393		)	(651		)
Total deferred income taxes	959		(3,093		)	(388		)
Total income tax expense	$	14,720	$	7,942		$	9,281

Summary of Tax Expense and Effective Tax Rates

The following table sets forth income reconciliations of the statutory federal income tax rate to actual rates based on income or loss before income taxes:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018					2017					2016
	(in thousands)
Income tax expense and rate attributable to:
Federal	$	13,683		21.0	%	$	6,363		35.0	%	$	(2,524	)	(35.0	)%
State, net of federal benefit	1,271			2.0	%	53			0.3	%	(202		)	(2.8	)%
Foreign differential	7,630			11.6	%	(11,768		)	(64.7	)%	(12,624		)	(175.0	)%
Enacted changes in tax law	495			0.8	%	17,645			97.1	%	—			—	%
GILTI, net	3,443			5.3	%	—			—	%	—			—	%
Non-deductible / non-taxable items	3,602			5.5	%	6,006			33.0	%	2,694			37.4	%
Change in valuation allowance	(5,304		)	(8.1	)%	24,400			134.2	%	16,041			222.4	%
U.S. tax on foreign earnings	—			—	%	(32,427		)	(178.4	)%	23,130			320.6	%
Foreign tax credits	(7,709		)	(11.9	)%	(7,980		)	(43.9	)%	(18,581		)	(257.6	)%
Uncertain tax positions	(1,696		)	(2.6	)%	1,054			5.8	%	19			0.3	%
Audit settlements	183			0.3	%	354			1.9	%	253			3.5	%
Share-based compensation	764			1.2	%	882			4.9	%	2,120			29.4	%
Deferred income tax account adjustments	(25		)	—	%	2,679			14.7	%	(842		)	(11.7	)%
Other	(1,617		)	(2.5	)%	681			3.8	%	(203		)	(2.8	)%
Effective income tax expense and rate	$	14,720		22.6	%	$	7,942		43.7	%	$	9,281		128.7	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The following table sets forth income reconciliations of the statutory federal income tax rate to actual rates based on income or loss before income taxes:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018					2017					2016
	(in thousands)
Income tax expense and rate attributable to:
Federal	$	13,683		21.0	%	$	6,363		35.0	%	$	(2,524	)	(35.0	)%
State, net of federal benefit	1,271			2.0	%	53			0.3	%	(202		)	(2.8	)%
Foreign differential	7,630			11.6	%	(11,768		)	(64.7	)%	(12,624		)	(175.0	)%
Enacted changes in tax law	495			0.8	%	17,645			97.1	%	—			—	%
GILTI, net	3,443			5.3	%	—			—	%	—			—	%
Non-deductible / non-taxable items	3,602			5.5	%	6,006			33.0	%	2,694			37.4	%
Change in valuation allowance	(5,304		)	(8.1	)%	24,400			134.2	%	16,041			222.4	%
U.S. tax on foreign earnings	—			—	%	(32,427		)	(178.4	)%	23,130			320.6	%
Foreign tax credits	(7,709		)	(11.9	)%	(7,980		)	(43.9	)%	(18,581		)	(257.6	)%
Uncertain tax positions	(1,696		)	(2.6	)%	1,054			5.8	%	19			0.3	%
Audit settlements	183			0.3	%	354			1.9	%	253			3.5	%
Share-based compensation	764			1.2	%	882			4.9	%	2,120			29.4	%
Deferred income tax account adjustments	(25		)	—	%	2,679			14.7	%	(842		)	(11.7	)%
Other	(1,617		)	(2.5	)%	681			3.8	%	(203		)	(2.8	)%
Effective income tax expense and rate	$	14,720		22.6	%	$	7,942		43.7	%	$	9,281		128.7	%

Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. We recorded a provisional adjustment to our U.S. deferred income taxes as of December 31, 2017 to reflect the reduction in the U.S. statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% resulting from the Tax Act. The following table sets forth deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of the date shown:

	December 31,
	2018			2017
	(in thousands)
Non-current deferred tax assets:
Share-based compensation expense	$	2,051		$	2,940
Accruals, reserves, and other expenses	18,734			20,728
Net operating loss	37,727			42,956
Intangible assets	1,363			1,620
Future uncertain tax position offset	654			498
Unrealized loss on foreign currency	—			119
Foreign tax credit	66,321			67,655
Other	2,957			2,792
Valuation allowance	(113,237		)	(119,494		)
Total non-current deferred tax assets	$	16,570		$	19,814
Non-current deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets	$	(164	)	$	—
Property and equipment	(7,332		)	(9,640		)
Other	(411		)	—
Total non-current deferred tax liabilities	$	(7,907	)	$	(9,640	)

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
	(in thousands)
Unrecognized tax benefit as of January 1	$	6,204		$	4,750		$	4,957
Additions in tax positions in prior period	250			683			646
Reductions in tax positions in prior period	(690		)	—			(634		)
Additions in tax positions in current period	461			966			245
Settlements	(621		)	(123		)	(238		)
Lapse of statute of limitations	(1,045		)	(414		)	(196		)
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment	(48		)	342			(30		)
Unrecognized tax benefit as of December 31	$	4,511		$	6,204		$	4,750

Summary of Income Tax Examinations

The following table sets forth the tax years subject to examination for the major jurisdictions where we conduct business as of December 31, 2018:

The Netherlands	2005 to 2018
Canada	2011 to 2018
Japan	2012 to 2018
China	2008 to 2018
Singapore	2014 to 2018
United States	2010 to 2018