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Debt
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt
7. Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following.

December 31,
(in thousands)20232022
Fixed mortgage notes payable due 2025 through 2047; weighted average interest rate of 4.26% and 4.14%, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
$1,953,414 $2,055,867 
Variable mortgage notes payable due 2025 through 2030; weighted average interest rate of 7.74% and 6.68% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
1,524,907 1,568,555 
Convertible notes payable due October 2026; interest rate of 2.00% as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022.
230,000 230,000 
Tangible equity units senior amortizing notes due November 2025; interest rate of 10.25% as of both December 31, 2023 and 2022.
17,990 25,586 
Deferred financing costs, net(28,998)(29,866)
Total long-term debt3,697,313 3,850,142 
Current portion41,463 66,043 
Total long-term debt, less current portion$3,655,850 $3,784,099 

As of December 31, 2023, 91.9%, or $3.4 billion of the Company's total debt obligations represented non-recourse property-level mortgage financings.
The annual aggregate scheduled maturities (including recurring principal payments) of long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands).



Year Ending December 31,
Long-term
Debt		Weighted Rate
2024$49,485 6.46 %
2025 (1)
573,035 7.30 %
2026305,614 2.71 %
2027960,971 6.00 %
2028563,548 5.79 %
Thereafter1,273,658 5.03 %
Total obligations3,726,311 5.58 %
Less amount representing deferred financing costs, net(28,998)
Total$3,697,313 

(1)    Includes the initial maturity of $320.0 million of mortgage debt for which the Company has the option to extend the maturity for two additional terms of one year each subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.

The Company's remaining variable rate mortgage notes payable arrangements indexed to London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") were modified to reference SOFR rather than LIBOR prospectively after the discontinuance of LIBOR in July 2023. The Company applied the optional expedient provided by Accounting Standards Codification 848, Reference Rate Reform, for debt contract modifications related to the discontinuation of reference rates to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform.

Convertible Debt Offering

On October 1, 2021, the Company issued $230.0 million principal amount of 2.00% convertible senior notes due 2026 (the "Notes"). The Company received net proceeds of $224.3 million at closing after the deduction of the initial purchasers' discount. The Company used $15.9 million of the net proceeds to pay the Company’s cost of the capped call transactions described below. Additionally, the Company used the remaining net proceeds together with cash on hand to repay $284.4 million of mortgage debt and a $45.0 million note payable.

The Notes were issued pursuant to, and are governed by, the Indenture dated as of October 1, 2021 by and between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as trustee. The Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Notes, and equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is not so subordinated. The Notes are effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) and any preferred equity of current or future subsidiaries of the Company.

The Notes bear interest at 2.00% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears in cash on April 15 and October 15 of each year. The Notes will mature on October 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased in accordance with their terms. Holders of the Notes may convert all or any portion of their Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding July 15, 2026, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2021 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock of the Company for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period (the "measurement period") in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the common stock of the Company and the conversion rate for the Notes on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls any or all of the Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date, but only with respect to the Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after July 15, 2026, holders may convert all or any portion of their Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions. Upon conversion, the Company will satisfy its conversion obligation by paying or
delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock at the Company’s election.

The conversion rate for the Notes is initially 123.4568 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $8.10 per share of common stock). The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or following the issuance of a notice of redemption, the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Notes in connection with such a corporate event or who elects to convert any Notes called (or deemed called) for redemption during the related redemption period in certain circumstances.

The Company may not redeem the Notes prior to October 21, 2024. The Company may redeem for cash all or (subject to certain limitations) any portion of the Notes, at the Company's option, on or after October 21, 2024 and prior to the 51st scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date if the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Notes.

The Company has recognized the Notes in their entirety as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet and no portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the convertible debt instrument was accounted for separately as an embedded conversion feature within stockholders’ equity. The Notes were initially recognized at $223.3 million, which reflects $230.0 million principal amount less the $5.7 million initial purchasers' discount and $1.0 million of debt issuance costs.

Capped Call Transactions

In connection with the offering of the Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions ("Capped Call Transactions") with each of Bank of America, N.A., Royal Bank of Canada, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association or their respective affiliates (the "Capped Call Counterparties"). The Capped Call Transactions initially cover, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that initially underlie the Notes and initially have an exercise price of $8.10 per share of common stock. The cap price of the Capped Call Transactions is initially approximately $9.90 per share of the Company’s common stock, representing a premium of 65% above the last reported sale price of $6.00 per share of the Company’s common stock on September 28, 2021, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions. The Capped Call Transactions are expected generally to reduce or offset potential dilution to holders of the Company’s common stock upon conversion of the Notes and/or offset the potential cash payments that the Company could be required to make in excess of the principal amount of any converted Notes upon conversion thereof, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price.

The Capped Call Transactions are separate transactions entered into by the Company with the Capped Call Counterparties and are not part of the terms of the Notes. The Capped Call Transactions had a cost of $15.9 million, which was paid on October 1, 2021 from the proceeds of the Notes. The Company accounted for the Capped Call Transactions separately from the Notes and recognized the $15.9 million cost as a reduction of additional paid-in capital in the year ended December 31, 2021 as the Capped Call Transactions are indexed to the Company’s common stock.

Credit Facilities

In December 2023, the Company amended its revolving credit agreement with Capital One, National Association, as administrative agent and lender and the other lenders from time to time parties thereto. The amended agreement provides an expanded commitment amount of up to $100.0 million which can be drawn in cash or as letters of credit. The credit facility matures in January 2027, and the Company has the option to extend the facility for two additional terms of approximately one year each subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. Amounts drawn under the facility will bear interest at SOFR plus an applicable margin which was 3.00% as of December 31, 2023. Additionally, a quarterly commitment fee of 0.25% per annum was applicable on the unused portion of the facility as of December 31, 2023. The revolving credit facility is currently secured by first priority mortgages and negative pledges on certain of the Company’s communities. Available capacity under the facility will vary from time to time based upon certain calculations related to the appraised value and performance of the communities securing the credit facility and the variable interest rate of the credit facility.
As of December 31, 2023, $63.6 million of letters of credit and no cash borrowings were outstanding under the Company's $100.0 million secured credit facility. The Company also had a separate secured letter of credit facility providing up to $15.0 million of letters of credit as of December 31, 2023 under which $14.5 million had been issued as of that date.

2024 Financing

On February 9, 2024, the Company obtained $50.0 million of debt secured by first priority mortgages on 11 communities. The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to SOFR plus a margin of 350 basis points. The debt matures in February 2027 with two one-year renewal options, exercisable subject to certain performance criteria.

2023 Financing

In December 2023, the Company obtained $179.5 million of debt secured by non-recourse first mortgages on 47 communities, which also continue to secure $580.4 million of additional outstanding mortgages with a later maturity. The $179.5 million loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 5.97%, and matures in January 2031. The mortgage facility includes certain provisions allowing for the Company to obtain additional funding based on the performance of the underlying communities. At the closing, the Company repaid $260.1 million of debt under the mortgage facility, which was scheduled to mature in 2024, using proceeds from the $179.5 million loan and cash on hand.

2022 Financing

In October 2022, the Company obtained $220.0 million of debt secured by first priority mortgages on 24 communities. The loan bears interest at a variable rate equal to SOFR plus a margin of 245 basis points and is interest only for the first three years. The debt matures in October 2025 with two one-year renewal options, exercisable by the Company subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. The debt documents contain a requirement for the Company to maintain liquidity of at least $130.0 million and 25% of the loan amount is subject to a guaranty by the Company. The proceeds from the financing were primarily utilized to repay $199.6 million of outstanding mortgage debt previously scheduled to mature in 2023 and to purchase a SOFR interest rate swap instrument for $6.1 million. The interest rate swap instrument has a $220.0 million notional amount, a fixed interest rate of 3.0%, and a term of eighteen months.

Financial Covenants

Certain of the Company's debt documents contain restrictions and financial covenants, such as those requiring the Company to maintain prescribed minimum liquidity, net worth, and stockholders' equity levels and debt service ratios, and requiring the Company not to exceed prescribed leverage ratios, in each case on a consolidated, portfolio-wide, multi-community, single-community, and/or entity basis. In addition, the Company's debt documents generally contain non-financial covenants, such as those requiring the Company to comply with Medicare or Medicaid provider requirements and maintain insurance coverage.

The Company's failure to comply with applicable covenants could constitute an event of default under the applicable debt documents. Many of the Company's debt documents contain cross-default provisions so that a default under one of these instruments could cause a default under other debt and lease documents (including documents with other lenders and lessors). Furthermore, the Company's mortgage debt is secured by its communities and, in certain cases, a guaranty by the Company and/or one or more of its subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company is in compliance with the financial covenants of its debt agreements.