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Segment Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information
21. Segment Information

As of December 31, 2022, the Company has three reportable segments: Independent Living; Assisted Living and Memory Care; and CCRCs. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses; for which separate financial information is available; and whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker to assess the performance of the individual segment and make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment. Prior to July 1, 2021, the Company had an additional reportable segment, Health Care Services. On July 1, 2021, the Company sold 80% of its equity in its Health Care Services segment, as described in Note 4. For periods beginning July 1, 2021, the results and financial position of its Health Care Services segment were deconsolidated from the Company's consolidated financial statements and its 20% equity interest in the HCS Venture is accounted for under the equity method of accounting as of that date.

Independent Living. The Company's Independent Living segment includes owned or leased communities that are primarily designed for middle to upper income seniors who desire to live in a residential setting that feels like home, without the efforts of ownership. The majority of the Company's independent living communities consist of both independent and assisted living units in a single community, which allows residents to age-in-place by providing them with a broad continuum of senior independent and assisted living services to accommodate their changing needs.

Assisted Living and Memory Care. The Company's Assisted Living and Memory Care segment includes owned or leased communities that offer housing and 24-hour assistance with activities of daily living for the Company's residents. The Company's assisted living and memory care communities include both freestanding, multi-story communities, as well as
smaller, freestanding, single story communities. The Company also provides memory care services at freestanding memory care communities that are specially designed for residents with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

CCRCs. The Company's CCRCs segment includes large owned or leased communities that offer a variety of living arrangements and services to accommodate a broad spectrum of physical ability and healthcare needs. Most of the Company's CCRCs have independent living, assisted living, memory care, and skilled nursing available on one campus.

All Other. All Other includes communities operated by the Company pursuant to management agreements. Under the management agreements for these communities, the Company receives management fees as well as reimbursement of expenses it incurs on behalf of the owners.

Health Care Services. The Company's former Health Care Services segment included the home health, hospice, and outpatient therapy services provided to residents of many of its communities and to seniors living outside its communities. The Health Care Services segment did not include the skilled nursing and inpatient healthcare services provided in the Company's skilled nursing units, which are included in the Company's CCRCs segment.

The accounting policies of the Company's reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 2.

The following tables set forth selected segment financial data.
For the Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202220212020
Revenue and other operating income:
Independent Living (1)(2)
$518,699 $477,050 $524,421 
Assisted Living and Memory Care (1)(2)
1,815,722 1,595,684 1,753,861 
CCRCs (1)(2)
331,577 306,213 340,337 
All Other (3)
159,381 202,043 531,879 
Health Care Services (1)(2)
— 177,269 389,697 
Total revenue and other operating income$2,825,379 $2,758,259 $3,540,195 
Segment operating income:(4)
Independent Living$158,950 $146,108 $182,813 
Assisted Living and Memory Care379,958 294,320 428,601 
CCRCs43,485 34,109 53,180 
All Other12,020 20,598 130,690 
Health Care Services— 5,816 1,863 
Total segment operating income594,413 500,951 797,147 
General and administrative expense (including non-cash stock-based compensation expense)168,594 184,916 206,575 
Facility operating lease expense:
Independent Living39,700 42,162 60,445 
Assisted Living and Memory Care106,961 111,117 137,900 
CCRCs13,883 15,932 20,406 
Corporate and All Other4,750 5,147 5,282 
Depreciation and amortization:
Independent Living79,521 74,922 70,803 
Assisted Living and Memory Care207,344 200,677 224,790 
CCRCs38,039 37,891 38,426 
Corporate and All Other22,540 23,783 24,458 
Health Care Services— 340 749 
Asset impairment:
Independent Living10,893 3,483 31,317 
Assisted Living and Memory Care11,613 14,384 61,640 
CCRCs5,970 4,790 12,413 
Corporate and All Other1,142 346 1,938 
Loss (gain) on sale of communities, net(73,850)— — 
Loss (gain) on facility operating lease termination, net— (2,003)(2,303)
Income (loss) from operations$(42,687)$(216,936)$(97,692)
Total interest expense:
Independent Living$48,788 $45,209 $44,682 
Assisted Living and Memory Care133,139 121,785 134,015 
CCRCs21,251 18,756 19,928 
Corporate and All Other1,539 9,390 10,154 
$204,717 $195,140 $208,779 
Total capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment, and leasehold intangibles:
Independent Living$44,857 $36,992 $47,889 
Assisted Living and Memory Care111,978 105,177 90,354 
CCRCs20,467 19,086 18,709 
Corporate and All Other22,707 21,463 23,638 
Health Care Services— — 515 
$200,009 $182,718 $181,105 
    

As of December 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Total assets:
Independent Living (5)
$1,267,825 $1,349,341 
Assisted Living and Memory Care3,329,516 3,601,144 
CCRCs664,502 693,386 
Corporate and All Other675,219 766,596 
Total assets(5)
$5,937,062 $6,410,467 

(1)All revenue and other operating income is earned from external third parties in the United States.
(2)Includes other operating income recognized for the credits or grants pursuant to the Provider Relief Fund, employee retention credit, and other government sources, as described in Note 3. Allocations to the applicable segment generally reflect the credits earned by the segment, the segment’s receipt and acceptance of the grant, or the segment’s proportional utilization of the grant. Other operating income by segment is as follows.
For the Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202220212020
Independent Living$10,906 $1,512 $11,823 
Assisted Living and Memory Care60,630 5,963 62,585 
CCRCs8,933 1,788 18,454 
Health Care Services— 3,105 22,887 
Total other operating income$80,469 $12,368 $115,749 
(3)All Other revenue and other operating income includes management fees and reimbursements of costs incurred on behalf of managed communities. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, revenue and other operating income includes $4.2 million, $17.2 million, and $67.2 million of revenue earned from unconsolidated ventures in which the Company had or has an ownership interest.
(4)Segment operating income is defined as segment revenues and other operating income less segment facility operating expenses (excluding facility depreciation and amortization) and costs incurred on behalf of managed communities.
(5)The Company's total carrying amount of goodwill was $27.3 million, $27.3 million, and $154.1 million as of December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company's Health Care Services segment had a carrying amount of goodwill of $126.8 million as of December 31, 2020, which was derecognized upon completion of the HCS Sale on July 1, 2021 and accounted for the reduction in total goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company's Independent Living segment had a carrying amount of goodwill of $27.3 million as of December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020.