Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

13. Income Taxes

The difference between the Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 was due to the increase in the net deferred tax expense resulting from a valuation allowance recorded in excess of the benefit recorded on operational losses for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The difference between the Company's effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 was due to the increase in the net deferred tax benefit recognized on operational losses and an increase in the tax benefit recognized on the vesting of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards.

The Company recorded an aggregate deferred federal, state, and local tax benefit of $20.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, which was offset by an increase to the valuation allowance of $21.4 million. The Company recorded an aggregate deferred federal, state, and local tax benefit of $45.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which was offset by an increase to the valuation allowance of $44.0 million. The Company recorded an aggregate deferred federal, state, and local tax benefit of $20.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, which was offset by an increase to the valuation allowance of $19.8 million. The Company recorded an aggregate deferred federal, state, and local tax benefit of $46.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, which was offset by an increase to the valuation allowance of $45.3 million.

The Company evaluates its deferred tax assets each quarter to determine if a valuation allowance is required based on whether it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset would not be realized. The Company's valuation allowance as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $412.0 million and $368.0 million, respectively.

The increase in the valuation allowance for the six months ended June 30, 2022 is the result of current operating losses during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and by the anticipated reversal of future tax liabilities offset by future tax deductions. The increase in the valuation allowance for the six months ended June 30, 2021 is the result of current operating losses during the six months ended June 30, 2021.

The Company recorded interest charges related to its tax contingency reserve for cash tax positions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 which are included in income tax expense or benefit for the period. As of June 30, 2022, tax returns for years 2018 through 2020 are subject to future examination by tax authorities. In addition, the net operating losses from prior years are subject to adjustment under examination.