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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

As of March 31, 2020, the Company operated 306 communities under long-term leases (239 operating leases and 67 financing leases). The substantial majority of the Company's lease arrangements are structured as master leases. Under a master lease, numerous communities are leased through an indivisible lease. The Company typically guarantees the performance and lease payment obligations of its subsidiary lessees under the master leases. An event of default related to an individual property or limited number of properties within a master lease portfolio may result in a default on the entire master lease portfolio.

The leases relating to these communities are generally fixed rate leases with annual escalators that are either fixed or based upon changes in the consumer price index or the leased property revenue. The Company is responsible for all operating costs, including repairs, property taxes, and insurance. The leases generally provide for renewal or extension options from 5 to 20 years and in some instances, purchase options.

The community leases contain other customary terms, which may include assignment and change of control restrictions, maintenance and capital expenditure obligations, termination provisions and financial covenants, such as those requiring the Company to maintain prescribed minimum net worth and stockholders' equity levels and lease coverage ratios, and not to exceed prescribed leverage ratios, in each case on a consolidated, portfolio-wide, multi-community, single-community and/or entity basis. In addition, the Company's lease documents generally contain non-financial covenants, such as those requiring the Company to comply with Medicare or Medicaid provider requirements.

The Company's failure to comply with applicable covenants could constitute an event of default under the applicable lease documents. Many of the Company's debt and lease documents contain cross-default provisions so that a default under one of these instruments could cause a default under other debt and lease documents (including documents with other lenders and lessors). Certain leases contain cure provisions, which generally allow the Company to post an additional lease security deposit if the required covenant is not met. Furthermore, the Company's leases are secured by its communities and, in certain cases, a guaranty by the Company and/or one or more of its subsidiaries.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company is in compliance with the financial covenants of its long-term leases.

A summary of operating and financing lease expense (including the respective presentation on the condensed consolidated statements of operations) and cash flows from leasing transactions is as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
Operating Leases (in thousands)	2020			2019
Facility operating expense	$	4,850		$	4,625
Facility lease expense	64,481			68,668
Operating lease expense	69,331			73,293
Operating lease expense adjustment⁽¹⁾	6,733			4,383
Changes in operating lease assets and liabilities for lessor capital expenditure reimbursements	(4,088		)	—
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	71,976		$	77,676


(1)	Represents the difference between cash paid and expense recognized.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
Financing Leases (in thousands)	2020		2019
Depreciation and amortization	$	9,144	$	11,678
Interest expense: financing lease obligations	13,282		16,743
Financing lease expense	$	22,426	$	28,421

Operating cash flows from financing leases	$	13,282	$	16,743
Financing cash flows from financing leases	5,087		5,453
Changes in financing lease assets and liabilities for lessor capital expenditure reimbursement	1,739		—
Total cash flows from financing leases	$	20,108	$	22,196

The aggregate amounts of future minimum lease payments, including community, office, and equipment leases recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):



Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases			Financing Leases
2020 (nine months)	$	226,638		$	48,958
2021	289,775			65,943
2022	288,988			66,577
2023	290,107			67,334
2024	290,967			68,572
Thereafter	578,896			167,852
Total lease payments	1,965,371			485,236
Purchase option liability and non-cash gain on future sale of property	—			411,679
Imputed interest and variable lease payments	(508,734		)	(315,354		)
Total lease obligations	$	1,456,637		$	581,561

Leases

As of March 31, 2020, the Company is in compliance with the financial covenants of its long-term leases.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
Operating Leases (in thousands)	2020			2019
Facility operating expense	$	4,850		$	4,625
Facility lease expense	64,481			68,668
Operating lease expense	69,331			73,293
Operating lease expense adjustment⁽¹⁾	6,733			4,383
Changes in operating lease assets and liabilities for lessor capital expenditure reimbursements	(4,088		)	—
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	71,976		$	77,676


(1)	Represents the difference between cash paid and expense recognized.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
Financing Leases (in thousands)	2020		2019
Depreciation and amortization	$	9,144	$	11,678
Interest expense: financing lease obligations	13,282		16,743
Financing lease expense	$	22,426	$	28,421

Operating cash flows from financing leases	$	13,282	$	16,743
Financing cash flows from financing leases	5,087		5,453
Changes in financing lease assets and liabilities for lessor capital expenditure reimbursement	1,739		—
Total cash flows from financing leases	$	20,108	$	22,196



Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases			Financing Leases
2020 (nine months)	$	226,638		$	48,958
2021	289,775			65,943
2022	288,988			66,577
2023	290,107			67,334
2024	290,967			68,572
Thereafter	578,896			167,852
Total lease payments	1,965,371			485,236
Purchase option liability and non-cash gain on future sale of property	—			411,679
Imputed interest and variable lease payments	(508,734		)	(315,354		)
Total lease obligations	$	1,456,637		$	581,561