Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

The Company has five reportable segments: Independent Living; Assisted Living and Memory Care; CCRCs; Health Care Services; and Management Services. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses; for which separate financial information is available; and whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker to assess the performance of the individual segment and make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment.

Independent Living. The Company's Independent Living segment includes owned or leased communities that are primarily designed for middle to upper income seniors who desire an upscale residential environment providing the highest quality of service. The majority of the Company's independent living communities consist of both independent and assisted living units in a single community, which allows residents to age-in-place by providing them with a continuum of senior independent and assisted living services.

Assisted Living and Memory Care. The Company's Assisted Living and Memory Care segment includes owned or leased communities that offer housing and 24-hour assistance with activities of daily life to mid-acuity frail and elderly residents. Assisted living and memory care communities include both freestanding, multi-story communities and freestanding, single story communities. The Company also provides memory care services at freestanding memory care communities that are specially designed for residents with Alzheimer's and other dementias.

CCRCs. The Company's CCRCs segment includes large owned or leased communities that offer a variety of living arrangements and services to accommodate all levels of physical ability and health. Most of the Company's CCRCs have independent living, assisted living and skilled nursing available on one campus or within the immediate market, and some also include memory care and Alzheimer's services.

Health Care Services. The Company's Health Care Services segment includes the home health, hospice, and outpatient therapy services, as well as education and wellness programs, provided to residents of many of the Company's communities and to seniors living outside of the Company's communities. The Health Care Services segment does not include the skilled nursing and inpatient healthcare services provided in the Company's skilled nursing units, which are included in the Company's CCRCs segment.

Management Services. The Company's Management Services segment includes communities operated by the Company pursuant to management agreements. In some of the cases, the controlling financial interest in the community is held by third parties and, in other cases, the community is owned in a venture structure in which the Company has an ownership interest. Under the management agreements for these communities, the Company receives management fees as well as reimbursed expenses, which represent the reimbursement of expenses it incurs on behalf of the owners.

The accounting policies of the Company's reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 2.

The following table sets forth selected segment financial and operating data:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2019			2018		2019			2018
Revenue:
Independent Living ⁽¹⁾	$	136,874		$	144,631	$	408,519		$	462,321
Assisted Living and Memory Care ⁽¹⁾	452,474			483,125		1,361,225			1,537,432
CCRCs ⁽¹⁾	100,104			104,147		305,084			314,012
Health Care Services ⁽¹⁾	111,785			108,276		337,751			328,649
Management Services ⁽²⁾	207,712			279,883		657,871			820,082
Total revenue	$	1,008,949		$	1,120,062	$	3,070,450		$	3,462,496
Segment operating income: ⁽³⁾
Independent Living	$	49,414		$	57,106	$	153,749		$	186,662
Assisted Living and Memory Care	116,856			144,701		390,699			490,976
CCRCs	14,472			21,809		53,956			70,291
Health Care Services	4,778			9,487		22,118			28,008
Management Services	13,564			18,528		44,756			54,280
Total segment operating income	199,084			251,631		665,278			830,217
General and administrative expense (including non-cash stock-based compensation expense)	56,409			58,796		170,296			203,138
Facility operating lease expense	67,253			70,392		203,610			232,752
Depreciation and amortization	93,550			110,980		284,462			341,351
Goodwill and asset impairment	2,094			5,500		6,254			451,966
Loss (gain) on facility lease termination and modification, net	—			2,337		2,006			148,804
Income (loss) from operations	$	(20,222	)	$	3,626	$	(1,350	)	$	(547,794	)



	As of
(in thousands)	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Total assets:
Independent Living	$	1,461,087	$	1,104,774
Assisted Living and Memory Care	4,271,885		3,684,170
CCRCs	786,825		707,819
Health Care Services	273,943		254,950
Corporate and Management Services	580,463		715,547
Total assets	$	7,374,203	$	6,467,260


(1)	All revenue is earned from external third parties in the United States.


(2)	Management services segment revenue includes management fees and reimbursements of costs incurred on behalf of managed communities.

(3)

Segment operating income is defined as segment revenues less segment facility operating expense (excluding depreciation and amortization) and costs incurred on behalf of managed communities.