Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net

The following is a summary of the carrying amount of goodwill presented on an operating segment basis.



	December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Dispositions and Other Reductions			Accumulated Impairment			Net
Independent Living	$	28,141	$	(820	)	$	—		$	27,321
Assisted Living and Memory Care	605,469		(48,817		)	(556,652		)	—
Health Care Services	126,810		—			—			126,810
Total	$	760,420	$	(49,637	)	$	(556,652	)	$	154,131



	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Dispositions and Other Reductions			Accumulated Impairment			Net
Independent Living	$	28,141	$	(820	)	$	—		$	27,321
Assisted Living and Memory Care	605,469		(48,817		)	(205,000		)	351,652
Health Care Services	126,810		—			—			126,810
Total	$	760,420	$	(49,637	)	$	(205,000	)	$	505,783

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually with a test date of October 1 or sooner if indicators of impairment are present. Factors the Company considers important in its analysis, which could trigger an impairment of such assets, include significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant negative industry or economic trends, a significant decline in the Company's stock price for a sustained period and a decline in its market capitalization below net book value. A change in anticipated operating results or the other metrics indicated above could necessitate further analysis of potential impairment at an interval prior to the Company's annual measurement date. Refer to Note 5 for information on impairment expense for goodwill.

The following is a summary of other intangible assets.



	December 31, 2018
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Community purchase options	$	4,738	$	—		$	4,738
Health care licenses	42,323		—			42,323
Trade names	27,800		(26,295		)	1,505
Management contracts	9,610		(6,704		)	2,906
Total	$	84,471	$	(32,999	)	$	51,472



	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Community purchase options	$	9,533	$	—		$	9,533
Health care licenses	50,927		—			50,927
Trade names	27,800		(23,714		)	4,086
Management contracts	11,360		(7,929		)	3,431
Total	$	99,620	$	(31,643	)	$	67,977

Amortization expense related to definite-lived intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $3.1 million, $5.6 million and $9.2 million, respectively. Health care licenses were determined to be indefinite-lived intangible assets and are not subject to amortization. The community purchase options are not amortized, but will be added to the cost basis of the related communities if the option is exercised, and will then be depreciated over the estimated useful life of the community. The Company is amortizing the trade names and management contract intangibles assets over their estimated weighted average useful lives of five years and nine years, respectively. Refer to Note 5 for information on impairment expense for other intangible assets.

Future amortization expense for intangible assets with definite lives is estimated to be as follows (in thousands):



Year Ending December 31,	Future Amortization
2019	$	2,140
2020	635
2021	635
2022	635
2023	366
Thereafter	—
Total	$	4,411