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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The difference between the tax statutory rate and the Company's effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was primarily due to the impact of the change in income tax valuation allowance in each period and the non-deductibility for income tax purposes of the goodwill impairment charge in 2017.

The valuation allowance during the three months ended September 30, 2017 reflects an additional allowance of $59.6 million established against the current period operating loss and is reflective of the Company's quarterly calculation of the reversal of existing tax assets and liabilities and the impact of the Company's acquisitions, dispositions, and other significant transactions.

The increase in the valuation allowance during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is comprised of multiple components. The increase includes $85.0 million related to the removal of future timing differences as a result of the formation of the Blackstone Venture and termination of leases associated therewith. In addition, the Company increased its valuation allowance by $48.5 million upon the adoption of ASU 2016-09. The $48.5 million offsets the increase to the Company's net operating loss carryforward position previously reflected in an additional paid-in capital pool, and accordingly, does not impact the current period income tax position. The remaining change of approximately $86.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 reflects the allowance established against the current period operating loss.

The Company recorded an aggregate deferred federal, state and local tax benefit of $91.3 million and $123.0 million as a result of the operating loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, which was offset by an increase in the valuation allowance of $59.6 million and $86.6 million, respectively. The excess of the deferred federal, state and local tax benefit over the increase in the valuation allowance for the three months ended September 30, 2017 is the result of the anticipated reversal of future tax liabilities offset by future tax deductions. In addition, the Company wrote down a deferred tax liability relating to an indefinite life intangible that was established in purchase accounting. The Company recorded an aggregate deferred federal, state, and local tax benefit of $18.9 million and $37.5 million as a result of the operating loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, which was offset by an increase in the valuation allowance of $22.3 million and $39.5 million, respectively.

The Company evaluates its deferred tax assets each quarter to determine if a valuation allowance is required based on whether it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset would not be realized. The Company's valuation allowance as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is $484.5 million and $264.3 million, respectively.

The Company recorded interest charges related to its tax contingency reserve for cash tax positions for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016 which are included in income tax expense or benefit for the period. Tax returns for years 2012 through 2016 are subject to future examination by tax authorities. In addition, the net operating losses from prior years are subject to adjustment under examination.