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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The difference between the tax statutory rate and the Company's effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was primarily due to an increase in the valuation allowance against the Company's deferred tax assets.

The increase in the valuation allowance during the three months ended March 31, 2017 is comprised of multiple components. The increase includes $85.0 million related to the removal of future timing differences as a result of the formation of the Blackstone Venture and termination of leases associated therewith. See Note 4 for more information about the Company's entry into the Blackstone Venture. In addition, the Company increased its valuation allowance by $48.5 million upon the adoption of ASU 2016-09. The $48.5 million offsets the increase to the Company's net operating loss carryforward position previously reflected in an additional paid-in capital pool, and accordingly, does not impact the current period income tax position. The remaining change of approximately $11.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 reflects the allowance established against the current period operating loss.

The Company recorded an aggregate deferred federal, state and local tax benefit of $13.2 million as a result of the operating loss for the three months ended March 31, 2016, which was offset by an increase in the valuation allowance of $14.2 million.

The Company evaluates its deferred tax assets each quarter to determine if a valuation allowance is required based on whether it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset would not be realized. The Company's valuation allowance as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is $409.7 million and $264.3 million, respectively.

The Company recorded interest charges related to its tax contingency reserve for cash tax positions for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 which are included in income tax expense or benefit for the period. Tax returns for years 2012 through 2015 are subject to future examination by tax authorities. In addition, the net operating losses from prior years are subject to adjustment under examination.