<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2016-12-08</periodOfReport>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000203527</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>VARIAN MEDICAL SYSTEMS INC</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>VAR</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001330270</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>KUO JOHN W</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O VARIAN MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>3100 HANSEN WAY M/S E-327</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>PALO ALTO</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>CA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>94304</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <officerTitle>SVP, Gen Counsel and Secretary</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2016-12-08</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>S</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
                <footnoteId id="F1"/>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>1267</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>90.332</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>24027</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">This transaction is pursuant to the filer's SEC Rule10b5-1 Stock Plan</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">The 1,267 shares were sold in multiple transactions executed on the same day at prices ranging from $90.08 to $90.62.  The detailed breakdown of executed sales will be furnished upon request.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Franco N. Palomba, Attorney in Fact for John W. Kuo</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2016-12-08</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
