0001326801-19-000069.txt : 20191031 0001326801-19-000069.hdr.sgml : 20191031 20191030210031 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001326801-19-000069 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 76 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20190930 FILED AS OF DATE: 20191031 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20191030 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Facebook Inc CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001326801 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SERVICES-COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, DATA PROCESSING, ETC. [7370] IRS NUMBER: 201665019 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-35551 FILM NUMBER: 191181755 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1601 WILLOW ROAD CITY: MENLO PARK STATE: CA ZIP: 94025 BUSINESS PHONE: 650-618-7714 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1601 WILLOW ROAD CITY: MENLO PARK STATE: CA ZIP: 94025 10-Q 1 fb-09302019x10q.htm 10-Q Document
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
____________________________________________ 
(Mark One)
  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from            to            
Commission File Number: 001-35551
____________________________________________ 
Facebook, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________________________________ 
Delaware
20-1665019
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
1601 Willow Road, Menlo Park, California 94025
(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)
(650543-4800
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
 ____________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.000006
FB
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
 
Accelerated filer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
Smaller reporting company
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes   No
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of Common Stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class
Number of Shares Outstanding
Class A Common Stock
$0.000006 par value
2,406,468,226

shares outstanding as of October 25, 2019
Class B Common Stock
$0.000006 par value
445,278,305

shares outstanding as of October 25, 2019



FACEBOOK, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
Page No.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 

2


NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words "believe," "may," "will," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "expect," and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in Part II, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.
We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
Unless expressly indicated or the context requires otherwise, the terms "Facebook," "company," "we," "us," and "our" in this document refer to Facebook, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and, where appropriate, its wholly owned subsidiaries. The term "Facebook" may also refer to our products, regardless of the manner in which they are accessed. For references to accessing Facebook on the "web" or via a "website," such terms refer to accessing Facebook on personal computers. For references to accessing Facebook on "mobile," such term refers to accessing Facebook via a mobile application or via a mobile-optimized version of our website such as m.facebook.com, whether on a mobile phone or tablet.

3


LIMITATIONS OF KEY METRICS AND OTHER DATA
The numbers for our key metrics, which include our daily active users (DAUs), monthly active users (MAUs), and average revenue per user (ARPU), are calculated using internal company data based on the activity of user accounts. While these numbers are based on what we believe to be reasonable estimates of our user base for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring usage of our products across large online and mobile populations around the world. In addition, we are continually seeking to improve our estimates of our user base, and such estimates may change due to improvements or changes in our methodology.
We regularly evaluate these metrics to estimate the number of "duplicate" and "false" accounts among our MAUs. A duplicate account is one that a user maintains in addition to his or her principal account. We divide "false" accounts into two categories: (1) user-misclassified accounts, where users have created personal profiles for a business, organization, or non-human entity such as a pet (such entities are permitted on Facebook using a Page rather than a personal profile under our terms of service); and (2) undesirable accounts, which represent user profiles that we determine are intended to be used for purposes that violate our terms of service, such as spamming. The estimates of duplicate and false accounts are based on an internal review of a limited sample of accounts, and we apply significant judgment in making this determination. For example, to identify duplicate accounts we use data signals such as similar IP addresses or user names, and to identify false accounts we look for names that appear to be fake or other behavior that appears inauthentic to the reviewers. Our estimates may change as our methodologies evolve, including through the application of new data signals or technologies, which may allow us to identify previously undetected duplicate or false accounts and may improve our ability to evaluate a broader population of our users. Duplicate and false accounts are very difficult to measure at our scale, and it is possible that the actual number of duplicate and false accounts may vary significantly from our estimates.
In the fourth quarter of 2018, we estimated that duplicate accounts may have represented approximately 11% of our worldwide MAUs. We believe the percentage of duplicate accounts is meaningfully higher in developing markets such as the Philippines and Vietnam, as compared to more developed markets. In the fourth quarter of 2018, we estimated that false accounts may have represented approximately 5% of our worldwide MAUs. Our estimation of false accounts can vary as a result of episodic spikes in the creation of such accounts, which we have seen originate more frequently in specific countries such as Indonesia and Vietnam. From time to time, we make product changes or take other actions to reduce the number of duplicate or false accounts among our users, which may also reduce our DAU and MAU estimates in a particular period.
Our data limitations may affect our understanding of certain details of our business. For example, while user-provided data indicates a decline in usage among younger users, this age data is unreliable because a disproportionate number of our younger users register with an inaccurate age. Accordingly, our understanding of usage by age group may not be complete.
In addition, our data regarding the geographic location of our users is estimated based on a number of factors, such as the user's IP address and self-disclosed location. These factors may not always accurately reflect the user's actual location. For example, a user may appear to be accessing Facebook from the location of the proxy server that the user connects to rather than from the user's actual location. The methodologies used to measure user metrics are also susceptible to algorithm or other technical errors. Our estimates for revenue by user location and revenue by user device are also affected by these factors.
We regularly review our processes for calculating these metrics, and from time to time we discover inaccuracies in our metrics or make adjustments to improve their accuracy, including adjustments that may result in the recalculation of our historical metrics. We believe that any such inaccuracies or adjustments are immaterial unless otherwise stated. We intend to disclose our estimates of the number of duplicate and false accounts among our MAUs on an annual basis. In addition, our DAU and MAU estimates will differ from estimates published by third parties due to differences in methodology.
The numbers of DAUs and MAUs discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as ARPU, do not include Instagram, WhatsApp, or Oculus users unless they would otherwise qualify as such users, respectively, based on their other activities on Facebook. In addition, other user engagement metrics included herein do not include Instagram, WhatsApp, or Oculus unless otherwise specifically stated.

4


PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Financial Statements
FACEBOOK, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except for number of shares and par value)
(Unaudited)
 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Assets
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
15,979

 
$
10,019

Marketable securities
36,290

 
31,095

Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $301 and $229 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
7,673

 
7,587

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
2,137

 
1,779

Total current assets
62,079

 
50,480

Property and equipment, net
32,284

 
24,683

Operating lease right-of-use assets, net
8,403

 

Intangible assets, net
853

 
1,294

Goodwill
18,338

 
18,301

Other assets
2,461

 
2,576

Total assets
$
124,418

 
$
97,334

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
860

 
$
820

Partners payable
590

 
541

Operating lease liabilities, current
776

 

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
10,877

 
5,509

Deferred revenue and deposits
225

 
147

Total current liabilities
13,328

 
7,017

Operating lease liabilities, non-current
8,356

 

Other liabilities
8,735

 
6,190

Total liabilities
30,419

 
13,207

Commitments and contingencies

 

Stockholders' equity:
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.000006 par value; 5,000 million Class A shares authorized, 2,408 million and 2,385 million shares issued and outstanding, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively; 4,141 million Class B shares authorized, 446 million and 469 million shares issued and outstanding, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

 

Additional paid-in capital
45,059

 
42,906

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(849
)
 
(760
)
Retained earnings
49,789

 
41,981

Total stockholders' equity
93,999

 
84,127

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
124,418

 
$
97,334

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5


FACEBOOK, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Revenue
$
17,652

 
$
13,727

 
$
49,615

 
$
38,924

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenue
3,155

 
2,418

 
9,279

 
6,559

Research and development
3,548

 
2,657

 
9,722

 
7,418

Marketing and sales
2,416

 
1,928

 
6,850

 
5,379

General and administrative
1,348

 
943

 
8,636

 
2,475

Total costs and expenses
10,467

 
7,946

 
34,487

 
21,831

Income from operations
7,185

 
5,781

 
15,128

 
17,093

Interest and other income, net
144

 
131

 
515

 
297

Income before provision for income taxes
7,329

 
5,912

 
15,643

 
17,390

Provision for income taxes
1,238

 
775

 
4,507

 
2,160

Net income
$
6,091

 
$
5,137

 
$
11,136

 
$
15,230

Less: Net income attributable to participating securities

 

 

 
(1
)
Net income attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders
$
6,091

 
$
5,137

 
$
11,136

 
$
15,229

Earnings per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
2.13

 
$
1.78

 
$
3.90

 
$
5.26

Diluted
$
2.12

 
$
1.76

 
$
3.87

 
$
5.20

Weighted-average shares used to compute earnings per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
2,854

 
2,885

 
2,855

 
2,895

Diluted
2,874

 
2,913

 
2,875

 
2,931

Share-based compensation expense included in costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenue
$
91

 
$
72

 
$
287

 
$
202

Research and development
907

 
748

 
2,557

 
2,347

Marketing and sales
148

 
133

 
421

 
380

General and administrative
103

 
87

 
297

 
251

Total share-based compensation expense
$
1,249

 
$
1,040

 
$
3,562

 
$
3,180

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


6


FACEBOOK, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net income
$
6,091

 
$
5,137

 
$
11,136

 
$
15,230

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax
(418
)
 
(44
)
 
(503
)
 
(321
)
Change in unrealized gain/loss on available-for-sale investments and other, net of tax
52

 
(15
)
 
414

 
(198
)
Comprehensive income
$
5,725

 
$
5,078

 
$
11,047

 
$
14,711

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

7


FACEBOOK, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In millions)
(Unaudited) 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Class A and Class B Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In Capital
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Retained Earnings
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
Class A and Class B Common Stock
 
Additional Paid-In Capital
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Retained Earnings
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
Shares
 
Par 
Value
 
 
Shares
 
Par 
Value
 
Balances at beginning of period
2,854

 
$

 
$
44,277

 
$
(483
)
 
$
44,968

 
$
88,762

 
2,891

 
$

 
$
41,832

 
$
(687
)
 
$
38,237

 
$
79,382

Impact of the adoption of new accounting pronouncement

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(31
)
 
31

 

Issuance of common stock
9

 

 
5

 

 

 
5

 
12

 

 
3

 

 

 
3

Shares withheld related to net share settlement
(3
)
 

 
(472
)
 

 
(119
)
 
(591
)
 
(5
)
 

 
(523
)
 

 
(382
)
 
(905
)
Share-based compensation

 

 
1,249

 

 

 
1,249

 

 

 
1,040

 

 

 
1,040

Share repurchases
(6
)
 

 

 

 
(1,151
)
 
(1,151
)
 
(24
)
 

 

 

 
(4,256
)
 
(4,256
)
Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 
(366
)
 

 
(366
)
 

 

 

 
(59
)
 

 
(59
)
Net income

 

 

 

 
6,091

 
6,091

 

 

 

 

 
5,137

 
5,137

Balances at end of period
2,854

 
$

 
$
45,059

 
$
(849
)
 
$
49,789

 
$
93,999

 
2,874

 
$

 
$
42,352

 
$
(777
)
 
$
38,767

 
$
80,342

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
Class A and Class B Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In Capital
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Retained Earnings
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
Class A and Class B Common Stock
 
Additional Paid-In Capital
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Retained Earnings
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
Shares
 
Par 
Value
 
 
Shares
 
Par 
Value
 
Balances at beginning of period
2,854

 
$

 
$
42,906

 
$
(760
)
 
$
41,981

 
$
84,127

 
2,906

 
$

 
$
40,584

 
$
(227
)
 
$
33,990

 
$
74,347

Impact of the adoption of new accounting pronouncements

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(31
)
 
172

 
141

Issuance of common stock
25

 

 
14

 

 

 
14

 
37

 

 
11

 

 

 
11

Shares withheld related to net share settlement and other
(10
)
 

 
(1,423
)
 

 
(531
)
 
(1,954
)
 
(15
)
 

 
(1,423
)
 

 
(1,240
)
 
(2,663
)
Share-based compensation

 

 
3,562

 

 

 
3,562

 

 

 
3,180

 

 

 
3,180

Share repurchases
(15
)
 

 

 

 
(2,797
)
 
(2,797
)
 
(54
)
 

 

 

 
(9,385
)
 
(9,385
)
Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 
(89
)
 

 
(89
)
 

 

 

 
(519
)
 

 
(519
)
Net income

 

 

 

 
11,136

 
11,136

 

 

 

 

 
15,230

 
15,230

Balances at end of period
2,854

 
$

 
$
45,059

 
$
(849
)
 
$
49,789

 
$
93,999

 
2,874

 
$

 
$
42,352

 
$
(777
)
 
$
38,767

 
$
80,342


See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

8


FACEBOOK, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
Cash flows from operating activities
 
 
 
Net income
$
11,136

 
$
15,230

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
   Depreciation and amortization
4,273

 
3,090

   Share-based compensation
3,562

 
3,180

   Deferred income taxes
358

 
83

   Other
44

 
19

Changes in assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
   Accounts receivable
(264
)
 
(328
)
   Prepaid expenses and other current assets
(527
)
 
(889
)
   Other assets
66

 
(99
)
   Operating lease right-of-use assets
(2,890
)
 

   Accounts payable
2

 
88

   Partners payable
59

 
116

   Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
6,439

 
1,044

   Deferred revenue and deposits
82

 
20

   Operating lease liabilities, non-current
2,914

 

   Other liabilities
1,977

 
102

Net cash provided by operating activities
27,231

 
21,656

Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
Purchases of property and equipment, net
(11,002
)
 
(9,614
)
Purchases of marketable securities
(19,152
)
 
(12,658
)
Sales of marketable securities
7,402

 
11,104

Maturities of marketable securities
7,048

 
3,391

Other investing activities, net
(124
)
 
(141
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(15,828
)
 
(7,918
)
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards
(1,710
)
 
(2,663
)
Repurchases of Class A common stock
(2,906
)
 
(9,379
)
Principal payments on finance leases
(411
)
 

Net change in overdraft in cash pooling entities
(260
)
 

Other financing activities, net
14

 
11

Net cash used in financing activities
(5,273
)
 
(12,031
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
(174
)
 
(167
)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
5,956

 
1,540

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of the period
10,124

 
8,204

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of the period
$
16,080

 
$
9,744

 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
15,979

 
$
9,637

Restricted cash, included in prepaid expenses and other current assets
7

 
7

Restricted cash, included in other assets
94

 
100

Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$
16,080

 
$
9,744


See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

9


FACEBOOK, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
Supplemental cash flow data
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for:
 
 
 
Interest
$
9

 
$

Income taxes, net
$
2,528

 
$
2,728

Non-cash investing activities:
 
 
 
Net change in prepaids and liabilities related to property and equipment
$
(59
)
 
$
613

Property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
1,850

 
$
1,504

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

10


FACEBOOK, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 included herein was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures including notes required by GAAP.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Facebook, Inc., its wholly owned subsidiaries, and any variable interest entities for which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the results for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year ending December 31, 2019.

Use of Estimates

Conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates form the basis for judgments we make about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities, which are not readily apparent from other sources. We base our estimates and judgments on historical information and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments in several areas, including, but not limited to, those related to income taxes, loss contingencies, fair value of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, collectability of accounts receivable, fair value of financial instruments, leases, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, and revenue recognition. These estimates are based on management's knowledge about current events and expectations about actions we may undertake in the future. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13), which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with a forward-looking expected credit loss model which will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. We will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2020. While we are currently finalizing the implementation of this new guidance, we do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.


11


Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement

On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), as amended, which supersedes the lease accounting guidance under Topic 840, and generally requires lessees to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use (ROU) assets on the balance sheet and to provide enhanced disclosures surrounding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leasing arrangements. We adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application and not restating comparative periods. The most significant impact was the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, while our accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged. For information regarding the impact of Topic 842 adoption, see Significant Accounting Policies - Leases and Note 7— Leases.

Significant Accounting Policies - Leases

On January 1, 2019, we adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. Results and disclosure requirements for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting under Topic 840.
We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed us to carryforward our historical lease classification, our assessment on whether a contract was or contains a lease, and our initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to January 1, 2019. We also elected to combine our lease and non-lease components and to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off the balance sheet and recognize the associated lease payments in the consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Additionally, for certain equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease ROU assets and liabilities.

Upon adoption, we recognized total ROU assets of $6.63 billion, with corresponding liabilities of $6.35 billion on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. This included $761 million of pre-existing finance lease ROU assets previously reported in the network equipment within property and equipment, net. The ROU assets include adjustments for prepayments and accrued lease payments. The adoption did not impact our beginning retained earnings, or our prior year condensed consolidated statements of income and statements of cash flows.

Under Topic 842, we determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. For this purpose, we consider only payments that are fixed and determinable at the time of commencement. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Our incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on our understanding of what our credit rating would be. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made prior to commencement and is recorded net of any lease incentives received. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options.

Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities, current and operating lease liabilities, non-current on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and other liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

12


Note 2.
Revenue
Revenue disaggregated by revenue source for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, consists of the following (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Advertising
$
17,383

 
$
13,539

 
$
48,919

 
$
38,373

Payments and other fees
269

 
188

 
696

 
551

    Total revenue
$
17,652

 
$
13,727

 
$
49,615

 
$
38,924


Revenue disaggregated by geography, based on the billing address of our customer, consists of the following (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
US & Canada(1)
$
8,026

 
$
6,325

 
$
22,435

 
$
17,750

Europe(2)
4,053

 
3,234

 
11,774

 
9,568

Asia-Pacific
3,958

 
3,007

 
10,923

 
8,253

Rest of World(2)
1,615

 
1,161

 
4,483

 
3,353

Total revenue
$
17,652

 
$
13,727

 
$
49,615

 
$
38,924

(1) United States revenue was $7.54 billion and $5.93 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $21.05 billion and $16.62 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  
(2) Europe includes Russia and Turkey, and Rest of World includes Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. 
Deferred revenue and deposits consists of the following (in millions):
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Deferred revenue
$
192

 
$
117

Deposits
33

 
30

    Total deferred revenue and deposits
$
225

 
$
147





13


Note 3.
Earnings per Share
We compute earnings per share (EPS) of Class A and Class B common stock using the two-class method required for participating securities. We consider restricted stock awards to be participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event of our declaration of a dividend for common shares.
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities are subtracted from net income in determining net income attributable to common stockholders. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock outstanding, adjusted for outstanding shares that are subject to repurchase.
For the calculation of diluted EPS, net income attributable to common stockholders for basic EPS is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including awards under our equity compensation plans. In 2018, the calculation of diluted EPS also included the effect of inducement awards under separate non-plan restricted stock unit (RSU) award agreements.
In addition, the computation of the diluted EPS of Class A common stock assumes the conversion of our Class B common stock to Class A common stock, while the diluted EPS of Class B common stock does not assume the conversion of those shares to Class A common stock. Diluted EPS attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the resulting net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of fully diluted common shares outstanding.
RSUs with anti-dilutive effect were excluded from the EPS calculation and they were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Basic and diluted EPS are the same for each class of common stock because they are entitled to the same liquidation and dividend rights.

14


The numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations for our common stock are calculated as follows (in millions, except per share amounts): 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Class A
 
Class B
 
Class A
 
Class B
 
Class A
 
Class B
 
Class A
 
Class B
Basic EPS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
5,138

 
$
953

 
$
4,293

 
$
844

 
$
9,372

 
$
1,764

 
$
12,661

 
$
2,569

Less: Net income attributable to participating securities

 

 

 

 

 

 
(1
)
 

Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
5,138

 
$
953

 
$
4,293

 
$
844

 
$
9,372

 
$
1,764

 
$
12,660

 
$
2,569

Denominator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding
2,407

 
447

 
2,411

 
474

 
2,403

 
452

 
2,407

 
488

Basic EPS
$
2.13

 
$
2.13

 
$
1.78

 
$
1.78

 
$
3.90

 
$
3.90

 
$
5.26

 
$
5.26

Diluted EPS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
5,138

 
$
953

 
$
4,293

 
$
844

 
$
9,372

 
$
1,764

 
$
12,660

 
$
2,569

Reallocation of net income attributable to participating securities

 

 

 

 

 

 
1

 

Reallocation of net income as a result of conversion of Class B to Class A common stock
953

 

 
844

 

 
1,764

 

 
2,569

 

Reallocation of net income to Class B common stock

 
(6
)
 

 
(4
)
 

 
(9
)
 

 
(14
)
Net income attributable to common stockholders for diluted EPS
$
6,091

 
$
947

 
$
5,137

 
$
840

 
$
11,136

 
$
1,755

 
$
15,230

 
$
2,555

Denominator
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of shares used for basic EPS computation
2,407

 
447

 
2,411

 
474

 
2,403

 
452

 
2,407

 
488

Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock
447

 

 
474

 

 
452

 

 
488

 

Weighted-average effect of dilutive RSUs and employee stock options
20

 

 
28

 
2

 
20

 
1

 
36

 
3

Number of shares used for diluted EPS computation
2,874

 
447

 
2,913

 
476

 
2,875

 
453

 
2,931

 
491

Diluted EPS
$
2.12

 
$
2.12

 
$
1.76

 
$
1.76

 
$
3.87

 
$
3.87

 
$
5.20

 
$
5.20



15


Note 4.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
The following table sets forth the cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities (in millions):
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents:
 
 
 
Cash
$
3,871

 
$
2,713

Money market funds
11,306

 
6,792

U.S. government securities
540

 
90

U.S. government agency securities
59

 
54

Certificate of deposits and time deposits
189

 
369

Corporate debt securities
14

 
1

Total cash and cash equivalents
15,979

 
10,019

Marketable securities:
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
18,599

 
13,836

U.S. government agency securities
7,464

 
8,333

Corporate debt securities
10,227

 
8,926

Total marketable securities
36,290

 
31,095

Total cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities
$
52,269

 
$
41,114


The gross unrealized gains on our marketable securities were $218 million and $24 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The gross unrealized losses on our marketable securities were $45 million and $357 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. In addition, gross unrealized losses that had been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or longer were $35 million and $332 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, we considered the unrealized losses on our marketable securities to be temporary in nature and did not consider any of our investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.
The following table classifies our marketable securities by contractual maturities (in millions):
 
September 30, 2019
Due in one year
$
12,933

Due after one year to five years
23,357

Total
$
36,290



16


Note 5.
Fair Value Measurement
The following table summarizes our assets measured at fair value and the classification by level of input within the fair value hierarchy (in millions): 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurement at
Reporting Date Using
Description
 
September 30, 2019
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
 
$
11,306

 
$
11,306

 
$

 
$

U.S. government securities
 
540

 
540

 

 

U.S. government agency securities
 
59

 
59

 

 

Certificate of deposits and time deposits
 
189

 

 
189

 

Corporate debt securities
 
14

 

 
14

 

Marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
 
18,599

 
18,599