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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Investments

Investments

The Company’s short-term investments are comprised of debt securities that have original maturities less than or equal to one year and are classified as available-for-sale securities. Such securities are carried at estimated fair value, with any unrealized holding gains or losses reported as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses, and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary, if any, are included in other income in the consolidated results of operations. The Company monitors its investment portfolio for impairment quarterly or more frequently if circumstances warrant. In determining whether a decline in the value of an investment is other-than-temporary, the Company evaluate currently available factors that may include, among others: (1) general market conditions; (2) the duration and extent to which fair value has been less than the carrying value; (3) the investment issuer's financial condition and business outlook; and (4) its assessment as to whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell a security prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis. A decline in the market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a reduction in fair value charged to earnings in that period, and a new cost basis for the security is established. Dividend and interest income are recognized in other income when earned. The cost of securities sold is calculated using the specific identification method. The Company places all investments with government agencies, or corporate institutions whose debt is rated as investment grade. Investments are classified as either current or non-current assets on our consolidated balance sheets based on their contractual maturity dates.

Leases

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are recorded as a current and long-term lease obligation, with a corresponding right of use lease assets.

The lease obligations represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The right of use lease assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. The lease obligations and the operating right of use lease assets are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Short-term leases are leases having a term of twelve months or less. The Company recognizes short-term leases on a straight-line basis and does not record a related lease asset or liability for such leases.

Contingent Consideration

Contingent Consideration

The Company records contingent consideration associated with development and regulatory milestones that meets the definition of a liability under ASC 480 at fair value. The fair value model used to calculate this obligation is based on the income approach (a discounted cash flow model) or a Monte Carlo simulation, if more appropriate, that has been risk adjusted based on the probability of achievement of the milestones. The inputs the Company uses for determining the fair value of the contingent consideration associated with development and regulatory milestones are Level 3 fair value measurements. The Company re-evaluates the fair value on a quarterly basis. Changes in the fair value can result from adjustments to the discount rates and updates in the assumed timing of milestone achievement. Any future increase in the fair value of the contingent consideration associated with development and regulatory milestones are based on an increased likelihood that the underlying milestones will be achieved.

The associated payment or payments which will become due and payable for development and regulatory milestones will result in a charge to research and development expense in the period in which the increase is determined. Similarly, any future decrease in the fair value for development and regulatory milestones will result in a reduction in research and development expense.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to separate the lease components from the non-lease components in a contract and recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The standard requires a modified retrospective approach or an optional transition to apply the new guidance in the year of transition rather than at the beginning of the earliest period presented. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019 under the optional transition method. The Company’s current operating leases will be accounted for as operating lease liabilities and right of use assets upon adoption. The Company has elected the package of practical expedients permitted. Accordingly, the Company accounted for its existing operating leases as operating leases under the new guidance, without reassessing (a) whether the contracts contain a lease, (b) whether classification of the operating leases would be different in accordance, or (c) whether the unamortized initial direct costs before transition adjustments would have met the definition of initial direct costs at lease commencement. In addition, the Company does not allocate the consideration between lease and non-lease components. On January 1, 2019, the Company recorded a lease liability and a corresponding right of use asset. The adjustment resulted in an increase of $756,347 to total assets and total liabilities on the January 1, 2019 consolidated balance sheet. The adoption will not have a material impact on the consolidated statement of operations or consolidated statement of cash flows.

In June 2018, FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718)—Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 in the first quarter of 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Pending Adoption

In August 2018, FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, was issued to modify and enhance the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. This update is effective in fiscal years, including interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is still completing its assessment of the impacts and anticipated adoption date of this guidance.